Loss of Calcutta 1756: Difference between revisions
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{{Battles_Infobox | {{Battles_Infobox | ||
|partof= [[:Category:3rd Carnatic War|3rd Carnatic War]]<br>[[Seven Years War]] | |partof= [[:Category:3rd Carnatic War|3rd Carnatic War]]<br>[[Seven Years War]] | ||
|date= 20 June 1756 | |date= 20 June 1756 | ||
|location=[[Calcutta]] | |location=[[Calcutta]] | ||
|presidency=[[Bengal]] | |presidency=[[Bengal Presidency]] | ||
|co-ordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=22.550293,88.339805&z=14&t=h&hl=en 22.550293°N 88.339805°E] | |co-ordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=22.550293,88.339805&z=14&t=h&hl=en 22.550293°N 88.339805°E] | ||
|result= British defeat | |result= British defeat | ||
|territory= | |territory= | ||
|combatant1= British East India Company | |combatant1= British [[East India Company]] | ||
|combatant2=Mughal Empire | |combatant2=[[Mughal Empire]] | ||
|commander1=Governor Roger Drake<br>Captain Minchen<br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Zephaniah_Holwell John Holwell] | |commander1=Governor Roger Drake<br>Captain Minchen<br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Zephaniah_Holwell John Holwell] | ||
|commander2= | |commander2= [[Suraj-ud-Daulah]] | ||
|strength1= | |strength1= 200 garrison | ||
|strength2= | |strength2=50,000 | ||
|casualties1= | |casualties1= | ||
|casualties2= | |casualties2= | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''This was an event during the [[3rd Carnatic War]]'''<br> | '''This was an event during the [[3rd Carnatic War]]'''<br> | ||
== Summary == | |||
After the [[Surrender of Kossimbazar]] Siraj ud Daulah advanced towards Calcutta which he reached on 16 June and drove in the British outposts. Attempts were made to evacuate women and children but panic overtook the defenders. Governor Drake, Captain Minchen and a large portion of the militia fled on board the vessels in the Hughli. With a garrison of only 200 the fort was overwhelmed. Though Siraj ud Daulah promised no harm would come to the 146 prisoners, they were packed into a small space where many of them suffocated overnight. John Holwell's account of the Black Hole of Calcutta has been challenged. The facts will probably never be established. | |||
== Biographies == | == Biographies == | ||
Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography<br> | Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography<br> | ||
| Line 24: | Line 26: | ||
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/205/mode/1up John Holwell (1711-98)]<br> | [http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/205/mode/1up John Holwell (1711-98)]<br> | ||
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/410/mode/1up Suraj-ud Daulah (1731-57)] | [http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/410/mode/1up Suraj-ud Daulah (1731-57)] | ||
==FIBIS resources== | |||
[[Image:Calcutta._The_Site_of_the_Black_Hole.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''The Site of the Black Hole'']] | |||
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=1097 List of Black Hole Victims] FIBIS Database<br> | |||
Articles in the ''[[FIBIS Journal]]'': | |||
*"Some Facts about the Black Hole of Calcutta" Tony Fuller, ''FIBIS Journal'' 1 | |||
*"The Black Hole of Calcutta, Part 2" Tony Fuller, ''FIBIS Journal'' 2 | |||
Members can [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=606&s_id=103 read these articles online] when they log in to the FIBIS database. | |||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
[http://www.heritage-history.com/www/heritage.php?R_menu=OFF&Dir=wars&FileName=wars_carnatic.php Heritage History - Carnatic Wars]<br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnatic_Wars | [http://www.heritage-history.com/www/heritage.php?R_menu=OFF&Dir=wars&FileName=wars_carnatic.php Heritage History - Carnatic Wars] Heritage History<br> | ||
[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zgE-AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Clive&as_brr=1&ei=zkTeR7y9LpGgygT9pMzVAQ#PPA50,M1 Google Books - | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnatic_Wars 3rd Carnatic War] Wikipedia<br> | ||
[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zgE-AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Clive&as_brr=1&ei=zkTeR7y9LpGgygT9pMzVAQ#PPA50,M1 Loss of Calcutta] Google Books<br> | |||
[http://www.kronoskaf.com/syw/index.php?title=1756_-_Siraj_Ud_Daulah_expedition_against_Calcutta Siraj Ud Daulah expedition against Calcutta] www.kronoskaf.com<br> | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta Black Hole of Calcutta] Wikipedia<br> | |||
[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aWIDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA71&dq=Black+Hole+of+Calcutta&as_brr=1&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Black%20Hole%20of%20Calcutta&f=false Black Hole of Calcutta - Holwell's account] Google Books<br> | |||
[http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2004-05/1083754311 Names of victims on monument in St John's Church] archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com<br> | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata Kolkata, West Bengal] Wikipedia | |||
===Historical books online=== | |||
*[https://archive.org/details/indiatractsbyjo00holwgoog ''India Tracts''] by John Zephaniah Holwell, Esq. F.R.S. and Friends. ... Third edition. Revised and corrected, with additions 1774 Archive.org | |||
**[https://archive.org/stream/indiatractsbyjo00holwgoog#page/n395/mode/2up "A Genuine Narrative of the Deplorable Deaths of the English Gentlemen, and Others, who were suffocated in the Black-Hole in Fort-William, at Calcutta…in the Night succeeding the 20th Day of June, 1756"] by J Z Holwell page 380 | |||
**[https://archive.org/stream/indiatractsbyjo00holwgoog#page/n431/mode/2up List of those who were killed, where names are known] page 417 | |||
:([https://books.google.com.au/books?id=d0oOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 2nd edition, revised and corrected with additions] 1764 Google Books. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=d0oOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA251 Narrative] page 251; [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=d0oOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA275 List] page 275). | |||
*[http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/56951 ''List Of Europeans And Others In The English Factories In Bengal''] by S C Hill 1902. Some editions have the title: ''List of Europeans and others in the English Factories in Bengal at the time of the Siege of Calcutta in the year 1756. With an appendix containing lists of European sufferers''. Pdf download, Digital Library of India. | |||
[[Category:Battles|Calcutta 1756, Loss of]] | |||
[[Category:3rd Carnatic War|Calcutta 1756, Loss of]] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:03, 14 December 2020
| Loss of Calcutta 1756 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Part of 3rd Carnatic War Seven Years War | ||
| Date: | 20 June 1756 | |
| Location: | Calcutta | |
| Presidency: | Bengal Presidency | |
| Co-ordinates: | 22.550293°N 88.339805°E | |
| Result: | British defeat | |
| Combatants | ||
| British East India Company | Mughal Empire | |
| Commanders | ||
| Governor Roger Drake Captain Minchen John Holwell |
Suraj-ud-Daulah | |
| Strength | ||
| 200 garrison | 50,000 | |
| Casualties | ||
This was an event during the 3rd Carnatic War
Summary
After the Surrender of Kossimbazar Siraj ud Daulah advanced towards Calcutta which he reached on 16 June and drove in the British outposts. Attempts were made to evacuate women and children but panic overtook the defenders. Governor Drake, Captain Minchen and a large portion of the militia fled on board the vessels in the Hughli. With a garrison of only 200 the fort was overwhelmed. Though Siraj ud Daulah promised no harm would come to the 146 prisoners, they were packed into a small space where many of them suffocated overnight. John Holwell's account of the Black Hole of Calcutta has been challenged. The facts will probably never be established.
Biographies
Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography
Roger Drake
John Holwell (1711-98)
Suraj-ud Daulah (1731-57)
FIBIS resources
- List of Black Hole Victims FIBIS Database
Articles in the FIBIS Journal:
- "Some Facts about the Black Hole of Calcutta" Tony Fuller, FIBIS Journal 1
- "The Black Hole of Calcutta, Part 2" Tony Fuller, FIBIS Journal 2
Members can read these articles online when they log in to the FIBIS database.
External Links
Heritage History - Carnatic Wars Heritage History
3rd Carnatic War Wikipedia
Loss of Calcutta Google Books
Siraj Ud Daulah expedition against Calcutta www.kronoskaf.com
Black Hole of Calcutta Wikipedia
Black Hole of Calcutta - Holwell's account Google Books
Names of victims on monument in St John's Church archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com
Kolkata, West Bengal Wikipedia
Historical books online
- India Tracts by John Zephaniah Holwell, Esq. F.R.S. and Friends. ... Third edition. Revised and corrected, with additions 1774 Archive.org
- (2nd edition, revised and corrected with additions 1764 Google Books. Narrative page 251; List page 275).
- List Of Europeans And Others In The English Factories In Bengal by S C Hill 1902. Some editions have the title: List of Europeans and others in the English Factories in Bengal at the time of the Siege of Calcutta in the year 1756. With an appendix containing lists of European sufferers. Pdf download, Digital Library of India.