Sikkim Expedition 1860: Difference between revisions

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{{War|name=Sikkim Expedition |dates=1860 |image= |location=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet Tibet] |combatant1=British Field Force |combatant2= Tibetan Armed Forces|result=[http://tibetjustice.org/materials/treaties/treaties10.html Anglo-Tibetan Agreement of 1904] |medal=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Medal Tibet Medal]| category=[[:Category:Tibet Expedition|Tibet Expedition]] |link1= }}
{{War|name=Sikkim Expedition |dates=1860 |image=Flag of Sikkim.svg.png |location=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sikkim Sikkim] |combatant1=British Field Force |combatant2= Sikkimese|result= Treaty of Tumlong|medal=|category=[[:Category:Sikkim Expedition 1860|Sikkim Expedition 1860]] |link1= }}
{{Battlemap|war=Tibet Expedition 1903-04|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.000478a21a9b85b1eee21&ll=28.468691,89.868164&spn=3.515063,5.020752&t=p&z=8 }}
The '''Expedition to Tibet''' in 1903-04, also known as the '''Anglo-Tibet War'''.
 
== Summary ==
== Summary ==
At the beginning of the 20th century Britain and Russia were competing for influence in Central Asia. To counter the perceived threat, the British sent an expedition under [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Younghusband Francis Younghusband] to negotiate with the Tibetans. The first excursion with Claude White, the Political Officer for Sikkim, to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamber_Jong Khamba Jong] was rebuffed and a field force was dispatched through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelep_La Jelep Pass]. The Tibetans were defeated at two major battles and the expedition reached Lhasa in August 1904. The Dalai Lama had fled but Younghusband forced a one-sided treaty on the regent which gave Britain trading rights in Tibet. This was later repudiated by the Tibetans.
After the British victory over the [[Gurkha War|Gurkhas]] in 1816 Nepal relinquished control over [[Sikkim]]. Under the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titalia_Treaty Treaty of Titalia] Sikkimese security was guaranteed and the territory taken by Nepal was returned. In 1835 the land around what was to become [[Darjeeling]] was granted to the British as a hill station. Following deteriorated relations and the detention of two British subjects, Britain mounted a punitive expedition and a large part of Darjeeling District was annexed in 1849. Raids into British territory continued with the encouragement of the Dewan of Sikkim and Britain threatened to occupy further territory unless reparations were paid. These were refused and Dr Campbell, the Superintendent of Darjeeling, crossed the border in 1860 with a small force. He was compelled to retreat however and an expedition was mounted under Lt-Col J C Gawler. After a series of minor engagements the capital was taken and the Raja compelled to sign the Treaty of Tumlong. This gave Britain control of the foreign policy of Sikkim.


== Sikkim Field Force ==
''Commanded by Lt-Col J C Gawler''
*HM 6th Regiment
*73rd Native Infantry
*Sikh Police
*Convalescent Depot
*Sebundy Sappers
*Artillery
:*Two 3-pounder guns
:*Two Naval 12-pounder guns


==External links==
==External links==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sikkim History of Sikkim] Wikipedia


== Historical books online ==
==== Historical books online ====
[http://ia341343.us.archive.org//load_djvu_applet.php?file=0/items/FrontierAndOverseasExpeditionsFromIndiaVolIV/FrontierAndOverseasExpeditionsFromIndiaVolIV.djvu Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India] Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas04indi#page/44/mode/2up Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India] Archive.org
*[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.a0009787946?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 ''Sikkim. With hints on mountain and jungle warfare. Exhibiting also the facilities for opening commercial relations through the state of Sikhim with Central Asia, Thibet, and western China'']  by Colonel J. C. Gawler 1873  HathiTrust Digital Library.  Also available as a pdf download [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1873-sikhim-with-hints-on-mountain-and-jungle-warfare-by-gawler-s-pdf/ PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset].


[[Category:Minor Campaigns|Sikkim Expedition]]
[[Category:Minor Campaigns|Sikkim Expedition 1860]]
[[Category:Sikkim Expedition| Sikkim Expedition]]
[[Category:Sikkim Expedition 1860| Sikkim Expedition1860]]

Latest revision as of 00:46, 24 February 2018

Sikkim Expedition
1860
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
Location: Sikkim
Combatants:
British Field Force Sikkimese
Result: Treaty of Tumlong
Medals:
Links:
Category: Sikkim Expedition 1860

Summary

After the British victory over the Gurkhas in 1816 Nepal relinquished control over Sikkim. Under the Treaty of Titalia Sikkimese security was guaranteed and the territory taken by Nepal was returned. In 1835 the land around what was to become Darjeeling was granted to the British as a hill station. Following deteriorated relations and the detention of two British subjects, Britain mounted a punitive expedition and a large part of Darjeeling District was annexed in 1849. Raids into British territory continued with the encouragement of the Dewan of Sikkim and Britain threatened to occupy further territory unless reparations were paid. These were refused and Dr Campbell, the Superintendent of Darjeeling, crossed the border in 1860 with a small force. He was compelled to retreat however and an expedition was mounted under Lt-Col J C Gawler. After a series of minor engagements the capital was taken and the Raja compelled to sign the Treaty of Tumlong. This gave Britain control of the foreign policy of Sikkim.

Sikkim Field Force

Commanded by Lt-Col J C Gawler

  • HM 6th Regiment
  • 73rd Native Infantry
  • Sikh Police
  • Convalescent Depot
  • Sebundy Sappers
  • Artillery
  • Two 3-pounder guns
  • Two Naval 12-pounder guns

External links

History of Sikkim Wikipedia

Historical books online

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