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The '''Andaman Islands''' was the location of a penal colony during the British Raj. Port Blair is the capital.
The '''Andaman Islands''' was the location of a penal colony during the British Raj. [[Port Blair]] is the capital.


A penal settlement existed for a short time in the 1790s but was abandoned due to disease. However, in 1858, after the Indian Mutiny, the penal settlement was re-established  to deal effectively with native Indian troops who had recently rebelled.  By the late 19th century the independence movement had picked up momentum. As a result, the number of prisoners being sent to the Andaman Islands started growing and the need for a high-security prison was felt.  The construction of the Andaman Cellular Jail started in 1896 and was completed in 1906. Most of the prisoners were Indian political prisoners who were housed at the jail until 1937. The penal settlement was closed in 1945.
The Japanese occupied the Andaman Islands from 1942 to 1945 during the Second World War.


==FIBIS resources==
==FIBIS resources==
*[[FIBIS_Journal#FIBIS_Journal_Number_13_.28Spring_2005.29|FIBIS ''Journal'' 13]] "The Andaman and Nicobar Islands" by Patricia Redmond  
*[[FIBIS_Journal#FIBIS_Journal_Number_13_.28Spring_2005.29|FIBIS ''Journal'' 13]] "The Andaman and Nicobar Islands" by Patricia Redmond  


==India Office Records at the British Library==
==See also==
===[[Church records# Records at the British Library| Church records at the British Library]]===
*[[South Andaman Volunteer Rifles]]
*[[Andaman & Nicobar Districts]]
==Records==
===India Office Records at the British Library===
====[[Church records# Records at the British Library| Church records at the British Library]]====
A number of records appear on the [[LDS]] FamilySearch site, refer [[IGI]].
A number of records appear on the [[LDS]] FamilySearch site, refer [[IGI]].


Line 25: Line 33:
it is suggested you search in both Bengal and Madras Presidency records.
it is suggested you search in both Bengal and Madras Presidency records.


===Other records===
====Other records====
Records in respect of the Andaman Islands include:
Records in respect of the Andaman Islands include:
*Proceedings and Consultations of the Government of India and of its Presidencies and Provinces [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorp_8&cid=1#1 '''IOR/P''']  includes [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorp_8&cid=1-5#1-5 Port Blair and the Nicobars Proceedings]  Proceedings of the Superintendent of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1876-1921
*Proceedings and Consultations of the Government of India and of its Presidencies and Provinces [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/c3ea4a3c-dfa5-4081-b639-6dc99a0ce380#1-5 '''IOR/P''']  includes [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/d4ad3b42-cdf2-429b-85e1-aaec75229ef7 Port Blair and the Nicobars Proceedings]  Proceedings of the Superintendent of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1876-1921
*Administration Reports: Andaman and Nicobar Islands   [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorv_3&cid=1-1-19#1-1-19  '''IOR/V/10/589-628'''] 1872-1940
*Administration Reports: Andaman and Nicobar Islands '''IOR/V/10/589-628''' 1872-1940
*Andaman and Nicobars Gazette [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorv_4-2&cid=1-1-9#1-1-9 '''IOR/V/11/3695-3699'''] 1895-1903
*Andaman and Nicobars Gazette '''IOR/V/11/3695-3699''' 1895-1903
*[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorv_5&cid=1-1#1-1 Histories of Services '''IOR/V/12''']   includes Histories of Services: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 1886-1889 [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorv_5&cid=1-1-434#1-1-434 '''IOR/V/12/434''']
*  '''IOR/V/12'''  includes Histories of Services: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 1886-1889   '''IOR/V/12/434'''  
*"The history of the Andaman and Nicobar Police" (anon) [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-msseur_11&cid=11-3-1#11-3-1  '''Mss Eur F161/26'''] 1858-1960
*"The history of the Andaman and Nicobar Police" (anon)   '''Mss Eur F161/26'''  1858-1960
*Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Medical Department: Annual sanitary and medical report on the settlement of Port Blair, Andamans, 1869 [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=059-iorv_8-2&cid=1-1-1774#1-1-1774 '''IOR/V/24/3875''']
*Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Medical Department: Annual sanitary and medical report on the settlement of Port Blair, Andamans, 1869   '''IOR/V/24/3875'''
*Coll 5/5(1); Indian Forest Service. Amendments to Cadre in Andaman Islands   [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlsg7&cid=1-1-5-10#1-1-5-10  '''IOR/L/SG/7/337'''] 11 Jun 1931-1947 Mar 14
*Coll 5/5(1); Indian Forest Service. Amendments to Cadre in Andaman Islands     '''IOR/L/SG/7/337'''  11 Jun 1931-1947 Mar 14
 
===Other===
*[https://www.angloburmeselibrary.com/ The Anglo- Burmese Library] a British society "Dedicated to the collection, indexing and preservation of records and histories of families in colonial-era Burma" includes the Andaman Islands in its remit, see the [https://www.angloburmeselibrary.com/message-boardstracing-people.html Message Boards] page.
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7ExSHU5BYCgC&pg=PA24&dq=Port+Cornwallis+1796&hl=en&ei=zCubTPHKJ4jCswa1h6icBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Historical Background] Google Books
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7ExSHU5BYCgC&pg=PA24&dq=Port+Cornwallis+1796&hl=en&ei=zCubTPHKJ4jCswa1h6icBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Historical Background] Google Books
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Blair Port Blair] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Blair Port Blair] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_Jail Cellular Jail]  Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_Jail Cellular Jail]  Wikipedia
*[http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm History of Andaman Cellular Jail] Andamancellularjail.org
*George Weber’s [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116015204/http://www.andaman.org/index.htm Lonely Islands], andaman.org, now an archived website, including
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/kanad_sanyal/3070708517/ Cellular Jail] flickr.com
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20130606025508/http://www.andaman.org:80/BOOK/text-group-BodyChapters.htm  The Andamanese] including
*This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2003-12/1072884610 post] is about 'Burials: Port Blair - extracted from returns April 1878 to March 1891'
***[https://web.archive.org/web/20130120033639/http://andaman.org/BOOK/app-o/texto.htm The Murder of Lord Mayo 1872]
*This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2011-01/1293968501  post] is about government appointments c 1904-1937. There is also reference to the destruction of most of the cemetery at Port Blair due to the tsunami in 2004.
***[https://web.archive.org/web/20130402175832/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/app-a/a-walker.htm "James Pattison Walker (1823-1906)"] First Superintendent of the new penal colony at Port Blair
*This [http://www.hinduonnet.com/lr/2003/09/07/stories/2003090700240400.htm review], from ''The Hindu'', of the book ''Travel Writing and the Empire'' by Sachidananda Mohanty (Editor), gives details of one of the essays "Colonialism, Surveillance and Memoirs of travel: Tegart's Diaries and the Andaman Cellular Jail", where "Tutun Mukherjee looks at the "Memoir of an Indian Policeman", a compilation made by Tegart's wife of the diaries of Charles Augustus Tegart, British loyalist and Police Commissioner. The Memoir, Mukherjee notes, records a particularly violent chapter in India's colonial history, that of extremism, British repression and brutal colonial incarceration. Travelling to the Cellular Jail in the beautiful Andaman archipelago in 1913, Tegart notes the careful architecture of the prison, recording all the many ways in which the prisoners were kept under control, his eyes ever alert for lapses in vigilance". Available through Amazon.co.uk from the [http://astore.amazon.co.uk/faminbriindso-21/detail/8187649364 FIBIS Shop]
***[https://web.archive.org/web/20130402172721/http://andaman.org/BOOK/app-a/a-haughton.htm "John Colpoys Haughton (1817-1887)"] Second Superintendent of Port Blair.
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20130115043212/http://andaman.org/NICOBAR/text.htm Nicobarese] including
***[https://web.archive.org/web/20130120033122/http://andaman.org/NICOBAR/book/history/Britain/Hist-Britain.htm The Nicobar Islands The British in the Nicobars] by Dr. Simron Jit Singh.
*[http://www.and.nic.in/tourismnew/Files/SoundLightScriptRossIsland.pdf History of Ross Island] as.and.nic.in
*[http://www.andamantourism.in/andamans-history-india.html History] andamantourism.in
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20110525205518/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm History of Andaman Cellular Jail] andamancellularjail.org, now an archived website.
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/27751389@N07/sets/72157625902578131/ The remote Andaman Islands] flickr.com Interesting photos showing jail, ruined church and cemetery.
*''Charles Tegart of the Indian Police'': an unpublished biography by Lady Tegart is available at the [[British Library]] with European Manuscripts catalogue entry [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-msseur_1&cid=636#636  Mss Eur C235] 1881-1946
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=7kr6uiqyLHoC&pg=PA32 "Medical Officer in Cellular Jail"], page 32 ''Doctor Diwan Singh Kalepani'' by N. Iqbal Singh, Sahitya Akademi Google Books
:[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001120/punjab.htm#13 In memory of an unsung martyr: Dr Diwan Singh Kalepani] The Tribune  Chandigarh  Monday, 20 November 2000
:[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=7kr6uiqyLHoC&pg=PA48 The British leave prior to the Japanese conquest in 1942], page 48 ''Doctor Diwan Singh Kalepani'' by N. Iqbal Singh, Sahitya Akademi Google Books
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Andaman_Islands Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands] Wikipedia
*[http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/2910 Details of a film held at the Imperial War Museum: Reoccupation of the Andaman Islands (7/10/1945)] The Japanese surrender. colonialfilm.org.uk
*[http://www.asthabharati.org/Dia_Jan%2009/RVR.htm Penal System in Andaman] by R.V.R. Murthy ''Dialogue January - March, 2009 , Volume 10 No. 3'' Dialogue (A quarterly journal of Astha Bharati)
*'The search for Black Rock" by Professor Clare Anderson. Discusses letters in the India Office archives of the British Library dated 1874-77 written by the Reverend Thomas L.J. Warneford  
*'The search for Black Rock" by Professor Clare Anderson. Discusses letters in the India Office archives of the British Library dated 1874-77 written by the Reverend Thomas L.J. Warneford  
:[http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/untoldlives/2012/02/the-search-for-black-rock-part-i.html Part I] 20 February 2012, [http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/untoldlives/2012/02/the-search-for-black-rock-part-ii.html Part II] 23 February 2012 British Library Blog: Untold Lives: Sharing stories from the past
:[http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/untoldlives/2012/02/the-search-for-black-rock-part-i.html Part I] 20 February 2012, [http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/untoldlives/2012/02/the-search-for-black-rock-part-ii.html Part II] 23 February 2012 British Library Blog: Untold Lives: Sharing stories from the past.
*[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/travel/come-to-ozymandias/article4837186.ece "Come to Ozymandias" <nowiki>[</nowiki>Ross Island<nowiki>]</nowiki>] by Lakshmi Krupa June 21, 2013 ''The Hindu''


===Historical books online===
====Historical books online====
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/andamanandnicob00unkngoog#page/n8/mode/1up ''The Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Local Gazetteer'' ] 1908 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/TheAndamanIslands ''Selection of the Records of the Government of India (Home Department). Volume XXV. The Andaman Islands; with notes on Barren Island''] 1859. Preface by Fred. J Mouat Inspector General of Jails, late President, Andaman Committee. Archive.org.
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_358.gif Andaman and Nicobar Islands"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Volume 5,  page 350.
*''A History of our Relations with the Andamanese'' by M V Portman, Officer in charge of the Andamanese 1899. [https://archive.org/details/historyofourrela01portuoft Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/historyofourrela02portuoft Volume II] Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/stream/b2809265x#page/68/mode/2up "Port Blair, Andamans"] page 68 ''Reports on mountain and marine sanitaria; medical and statistical observations on civil stations and military cantonments, jails - dispensaries - regiments - barracks, &c. within the Presidency of Madras, the Straits of Malacca, the Andaman Islands, and British Burmah from January 1858 to January 1862'' by Inspector General of Hospitals Duncan Macpherson. 1862 Archive.org. Part of the series ''Selections from the Records of the Madras Government''.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1872-lists-of-officers-in-survey-and-forest-departments-and-in-port-blair-on-1st-oct-1872-s-pdf/  ''Lists of Officers in Survey and Forest Departments, and in Port Blair on 1st Oct 1872'']. Pdf download  from Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
*[https://archive.org/stream/travelsofdoctorm02nost#page/240/mode/2up Page 240] ''Travels of Doctor and Madame Helfer in Syria, Mesopotamia, Burmah and other lands, Volume II'', 1878 Archive.org. Dr Helfer travels to the Andaman Islands in 1840 and is killed.
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RwYs4n2HUioC&pg=PA110 "Notes on the Andamans"] by Lieutenant TM Philbrick HM Indian Navy. Read before the Society 15th March 1860, page 110 ''Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society Volume 15, May 1858- May 1860'' Google Books
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.4152 ''Inspection report on the penal settlement of Port Blair''] by H N Davies 1867 Archive.org, mirror from Central Secretariat Library, Government of India. Catalogued title includes ''penel''
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=9HsOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP1 ''Selections from the Government of India Home Department No. LXXVII: Papers Relating to the Nicobar Islands''] 1870 Google Books
*[http://archive.org/stream/otherwayrespectf00forb#page/136/mode/2up "A Prisoner in Paradise"] page 137 ''The other way: respectfully dedicated to all good housewives'' by Ernest Forbes 1899  Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092600141#page/n165/mode/2up "The Andaman Islands"] page 148 ''Oriental Prisons: Prisons and Crime in India, The Andaman Islands, Burmah- China-Japan-Egypt Turkey'' by Major Arthur Griffiths, late Inspector of Prisons in Great Britain.  C 1900. Archive.org.  Volume XII in the series ''The history and romance of crime from the earliest time to the present day''. Published by the Grolier Society.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/andamanandnicob00unkngoog#page/n8/mode/1up ''The Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Local Gazetteer''] 1908 Archive.org
*[http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/207367 ''Imperial Gazetteer of India  Provincial Series: Andaman and Nicobar Islands''] 1909. Pdf download, Digital Library of India. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.207367 Archive.org mirror version]
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_358.gif "Andaman and Nicobar Islands"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Volume 5,  page 350.
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_197.gif "Port Blair"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Volume 20, page 191.
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_197.gif "Port Blair"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Volume 20, page 191.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=RegiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA31 "Act XXVII of 1861.  Passed by the Legislative Council of India. An Act to regulate the administration of Port Blair and other settlements in the Andaman Islands], page 31 ''Hand Book for British Burma'' compiled by Captain G E Fryer 1867 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=RegiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA31 "Act XXVII of 1861.  Passed by the Legislative Council of India. An Act to regulate the administration of Port Blair and other settlements in the Andaman Islands], page 31 ''Hand Book for British Burma'' compiled by Captain G E Fryer 1867 Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/andamanislands035497mbp#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Andaman Islands''] by F A M Dass 1937 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/andamanislands035497mbp#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Andaman Islands''] by F A M Dass 1937 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/andthatremindsme00coxo#page/48/mode/2up ''And that reminds me 
being incidents of a life spent at sea, and in the Andaman Islands, Burma, Australia, and India''],  page 48 
by Stanley W. Coxon 1915 Archive.org. The author, probably born c late 1850s was temporarily appointed to the [[Bombay Marine|Royal Indian Marine]]  early/mid 1880s and proceeded to the Andaman Islands
*[https://archive.org/stream/memoirswithfulla00rossuoft#page/62/mode/2up Port Blair 1885] page 62 and in [https://archive.org/stream/memoirswithfulla00rossuoft#page/68/mode/2up  1886] page 68 ''Memoirs, with a Full Account of the Great Malaria Problem and its Solution'' by Ronald Ross 1923 Archive.org. The author was in the Madras Medical Service.
*[https://archive.org/details/spotteddeer0000jhwi/mode/2up ''The Spotted Deer''] by J H Williams 'Elephant Bill' 1961 reprint edition, first published 1957. Archive.org Texts to Borrow.
:Also published in the USA under the title  [https://archive.org/details/scentoffear00will/mode/2up ''The Scent of Fear''] 1957. Archive.org Texts to Borrow.
:An autobiography  of life in the timber trade in the forests of Burma. Includes a trip to the Andaman Islands, elsewhere stated to be in 1931, (although another source says post-war, but 1931 seems more in line with the text). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Howard_Williams James Howard Williams] Wikipedia.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.533724  ''History of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1756-1966)''] by  L P Mathur 1968.  Archive.org, Public  Library of India Collection.
*Fiction
**[https://archive.org/details/deathinandamans00kaye ''Death in the Andamans''] by M M Kaye 1985 Archive.org Lending Library. Originally published as  ''Night on the island''  1960.


[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Locations]]

Latest revision as of 09:20, 3 September 2024

Andaman Islands
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Presidency: Madras
Coordinates: 11.67°N 92.76°E
Altitude:
Present Day Details
Place Name: Andaman Islands
State/Province: Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Country: India
Transport links

The Andaman Islands was the location of a penal colony during the British Raj. Port Blair is the capital.

A penal settlement existed for a short time in the 1790s but was abandoned due to disease. However, in 1858, after the Indian Mutiny, the penal settlement was re-established to deal effectively with native Indian troops who had recently rebelled. By the late 19th century the independence movement had picked up momentum. As a result, the number of prisoners being sent to the Andaman Islands started growing and the need for a high-security prison was felt. The construction of the Andaman Cellular Jail started in 1896 and was completed in 1906. Most of the prisoners were Indian political prisoners who were housed at the jail until 1937. The penal settlement was closed in 1945.


The Japanese occupied the Andaman Islands from 1942 to 1945 during the Second World War.

FIBIS resources

See also

Records

India Office Records at the British Library

Church records at the British Library

A number of records appear on the LDS FamilySearch site, refer IGI.

The Church records for the Andaman Islands mainly appear in the Bengal Presidency records, although there are a few in the Madras Presidency records

It appears that from circa 1861 the Andaman Islands were administered by Burma, which in turn was part of the Bengal Presidency. At a later (unknown) date, but by 1893, it was part of the Madras Presidency, as show by this link, page 178 The history of India, revised by Sir Roper Lethbridge 1893.(Archive.org) At a still later date, the Presidency may have again changed, so if you are searching for church records, using the indexes, (either at the British Library, or by using LDS Microfilms) it is suggested you search in both Bengal and Madras Presidency records.

Other records

Records in respect of the Andaman Islands include:

  • Proceedings and Consultations of the Government of India and of its Presidencies and Provinces IOR/P includes Port Blair and the Nicobars Proceedings Proceedings of the Superintendent of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1876-1921
  • Administration Reports: Andaman and Nicobar Islands IOR/V/10/589-628 1872-1940
  • Andaman and Nicobars Gazette IOR/V/11/3695-3699 1895-1903
  • IOR/V/12 includes Histories of Services: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 1886-1889 IOR/V/12/434
  • "The history of the Andaman and Nicobar Police" (anon) Mss Eur F161/26 1858-1960
  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Medical Department: Annual sanitary and medical report on the settlement of Port Blair, Andamans, 1869 IOR/V/24/3875
  • Coll 5/5(1); Indian Forest Service. Amendments to Cadre in Andaman Islands IOR/L/SG/7/337 11 Jun 1931-1947 Mar 14

Other

  • The Anglo- Burmese Library a British society "Dedicated to the collection, indexing and preservation of records and histories of families in colonial-era Burma" includes the Andaman Islands in its remit, see the Message Boards page.

External links

In memory of an unsung martyr: Dr Diwan Singh Kalepani The Tribune Chandigarh Monday, 20 November 2000
The British leave prior to the Japanese conquest in 1942, page 48 Doctor Diwan Singh Kalepani by N. Iqbal Singh, Sahitya Akademi Google Books
Part I 20 February 2012, Part II 23 February 2012 British Library Blog: Untold Lives: Sharing stories from the past.

Historical books online

Also published in the USA under the title The Scent of Fear 1957. Archive.org Texts to Borrow.
An autobiography of life in the timber trade in the forests of Burma. Includes a trip to the Andaman Islands, elsewhere stated to be in 1931, (although another source says post-war, but 1931 seems more in line with the text). James Howard Williams Wikipedia.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&oldid=90490"