North West Frontier Campaigns: Difference between revisions

From FIBIwiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Maureene (talk | contribs)
Maureene (talk | contribs)
 
(9 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 52: Line 52:
===Histories===
===Histories===
*[http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306940  '''Passing it on' : the army in India and the development of frontier warfare 1849-1947''] by Timothy Robert Moreman.  1996  PhD Thesis King’s College London.  British Library’s EthOS e-theses online service. [https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/passing-it-on--the-army-in-india-and-the-development-of-frontier-warfare-18491947(f60ece93-45c9-44ab-b3a0-16f1625a1926).html  Alternative link to pdf download] King's College, London. A book was subsequently published in 1998, see Historical books online below.
*[http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306940  '''Passing it on' : the army in India and the development of frontier warfare 1849-1947''] by Timothy Robert Moreman.  1996  PhD Thesis King’s College London.  British Library’s EthOS e-theses online service. [https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/passing-it-on--the-army-in-india-and-the-development-of-frontier-warfare-18491947(f60ece93-45c9-44ab-b3a0-16f1625a1926).html  Alternative link to pdf download] King's College, London. A book was subsequently published in 1998, see Historical books online below.
:Article: [https://web.archive.org/web/20220513210119/http://www.khyber.org/publications/041-045/armyininda.shtml Army in India & Frontier Warfare 1914-1939] by Tim Moreman (Khyber.org, now archived and originally from [https://web.archive.org/web/20200220062414/http://www.king-emperor.com/Frontier%20Warfare%201914-1939.html king-emperor.com], now archived).
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160515195215/http://michaelelambert.com/main/pdf/Michael_E_Lambert_Afghanistan_&_North_West_Frontier.pdf Afghanistan & North West Frontier] (pdf) by Michael E. Lambert, now an archived webpage. The presentation is in three parts: "The History" relates Britain’s involvement in the North West Frontier, "The Medals" discusses the Afghanistan Medal, the Kabul to Kandahar Star, and the India General Service Medal through its multiple issues, "The Album" presents early twentieth century photographs of soldiers and soldiering.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160515195215/http://michaelelambert.com/main/pdf/Michael_E_Lambert_Afghanistan_&_North_West_Frontier.pdf Afghanistan & North West Frontier] (pdf) by Michael E. Lambert, now an archived webpage. The presentation is in three parts: "The History" relates Britain’s involvement in the North West Frontier, "The Medals" discusses the Afghanistan Medal, the Kabul to Kandahar Star, and the India General Service Medal through its multiple issues, "The Album" presents early twentieth century photographs of soldiers and soldiering.
*[http://www.nihcr.edu.pk/Latest_English_Journal/Pjhc%2025-1%202004/9-British%20Policy%20in%20Tribal.pdf  "British Policy in Tribal Areas: A Case Study of Waziristan"] by Dr.Fazlur Rahman ''Pakistan Journal of History and Culture'' Vol.XXV No.1 Jan-Jun 2004. Includes statistics about the cost of operations.
*[http://www.nihcr.edu.pk/Latest_English_Journal/Pjhc%2025-1%202004/9-British%20Policy%20in%20Tribal.pdf  "British Policy in Tribal Areas: A Case Study of Waziristan"] by Dr.Fazlur Rahman ''Pakistan Journal of History and Culture'' Vol.XXV No.1 Jan-Jun 2004. Includes statistics about the cost of operations.
Line 64: Line 65:
*[https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA523451  ''Ever present danger: a concise history of British military operations on the north-west frontier, 1849-1947''] by Matt M Matthews. Occasional Paper 33,  June 2010. Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA523451  ''Ever present danger: a concise history of British military operations on the north-west frontier, 1849-1947''] by Matt M Matthews. Occasional Paper 33,  June 2010. Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Archive.org.
*[http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/7681 ''Inter-war, inter-service friction on the North-West frontier of India and its impact on the development and application of RAF doctrine''] by Andrew John Charles Walters  2018.  University of Birmingham. Ph.D.  Air power’s potential was never fully exploited.
*[http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/7681 ''Inter-war, inter-service friction on the North-West frontier of India and its impact on the development and application of RAF doctrine''] by Andrew John Charles Walters  2018.  University of Birmingham. Ph.D.  Air power’s potential was never fully exploited.
:[https://www.raf.mod.uk/what-we-do/centre-for-air-and-space-power-studies/documents1/vol-21-no-1-raf100-special-edition/ “RAF Inter-War Operations on the North-West Frontier”] by Wing Commander Dr Andrew Walters page 110 (digital page 112) ''Air Power Review'' Volume 21, No.1 Spring 2018. raf.mod.uk
*[http://www.kaiserscross.com/304501/home.html  Harry’s Sideshows] by Harry Fecitt (kaiserscross.com) detail many NWF campaigns.
*[http://www.kaiserscross.com/304501/home.html  Harry’s Sideshows] by Harry Fecitt (kaiserscross.com) detail many NWF campaigns.
*[https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https://mecon.nomadit.co.uk/pub/conference_epaper_download.php5?PaperID%3D18627%26MIMEType%3Dapplication/pdf  "Tribal Belt and the Defence of British India: A Critical Appraisal of British Strategy in the North-West Frontier during the First World War"] (html version) by Dr. Salman Bangash, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. A paper presented at the 23rd European Conference on South Asian Studies, University of Zurich (Switzerland) 
23 to 26 July 2014. Alternatively, scroll down for a [http://www.nomadit.co.uk/easas/ecsas2014/panels.php5?PanelID=2433 pdf download] of the paper. [https://mecon.nomadit.co.uk/pub/conference_epaper_download.php5?PaperID=18627&MIMEType=application/pdf Direct pdf download]
*[https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https://mecon.nomadit.co.uk/pub/conference_epaper_download.php5?PaperID%3D18627%26MIMEType%3Dapplication/pdf  "Tribal Belt and the Defence of British India: A Critical Appraisal of British Strategy in the North-West Frontier during the First World War"] (html version) by Dr. Salman Bangash, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. A paper presented at the 23rd European Conference on South Asian Studies, University of Zurich (Switzerland) 
23 to 26 July 2014. Alternatively, scroll down for a [http://www.nomadit.co.uk/easas/ecsas2014/panels.php5?PanelID=2433 pdf download] of the paper. [https://mecon.nomadit.co.uk/pub/conference_epaper_download.php5?PaperID=18627&MIMEType=application/pdf Direct pdf download]
Line 71: Line 73:
*[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1921/may/31/defence-of-north-west-frontier House of Lords Debate 31 May 1921: Defence of North-West Frontier]  An overview of the then current situation. hansard.millbanksystems.com
*[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1921/may/31/defence-of-north-west-frontier House of Lords Debate 31 May 1921: Defence of North-West Frontier]  An overview of the then current situation. hansard.millbanksystems.com
*[http://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/The-Bombing-of-Waziristan.html The Bombing of Waziristan] (c 1924-1939) by Graham Chandler ''Air & Space magazine'', July 2011  
*[http://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/The-Bombing-of-Waziristan.html The Bombing of Waziristan] (c 1924-1939) by Graham Chandler ''Air & Space magazine'', July 2011  
*[http://www.airpowerstudies.co.uk/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/apr14no3.pdf "“Good God, Sir, Are You Hurt?” The Realities and Perils of Operating over India’s Troublesome North-West Frontier"] by  Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Roe ''Air Power Review Volume 14 Number 3 Autumn/Winter 2011''  Centre for Air Power Studies, Royal Air Force, pages 61-82 (computer file pages 72-93),  
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170809020344/http://www.airpowerstudies.co.uk/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/apr14no3.pdf "“Good God, Sir, Are You Hurt?” The Realities and Perils of Operating over India’s Troublesome North-West Frontier"] by  Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Roe ''Air Power Review Volume 14 Number 3 Autumn/Winter 2011''  Centre for Air Power Studies, Royal Air Force, pages 61-82 (computer file pages 72-93), archived.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140508060510/http://www.bcmh.org.uk/archive/conferences/2012AirGroundConingham.pdf "Air/Ground Cooperation between the RAF and the Indian Army in Waziristan 1936-1937"] by Simon Coningham, British Commission for Military History, Summer Conference 2012–Indian Armies, now archived.  
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140508060510/http://www.bcmh.org.uk/archive/conferences/2012AirGroundConingham.pdf "Air/Ground Cooperation between the RAF and the Indian Army in Waziristan 1936-1937"] by Simon Coningham, British Commission for Military History, Summer Conference 2012–Indian Armies, now archived.  
*[http://storyofwar.com/ A Story of War] blog recording the diaries kept by Colin Diarmid Campbell Dunford Wood (of the 1st Battalion  [[17th Regiment of Foot| Leicestershire Regiment]]) from early 1939. Waziristan Campaign.
*[http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/?p=3641 The kidnapping of Mollie Ellis] from [[Kohat]] cantonment by Afridi tribesmen from the Khyber Pass region 14 April 1923  and the rescue expedition which included Mrs Lilian Starr matron at the [[Peshawar]] Mission Hospital. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/13305961@N00/4946412546/ Photographs] from the Illustrated London News (26 May 1923) on Flickr. An account of her rescue mission ''Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet'' by Lilian A Starr was published 1924, which is available online, refer below.
*[http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/?p=3641 The kidnapping of Mollie Ellis] from [[Kohat]] cantonment by Afridi tribesmen from the Khyber Pass region 14 April 1923  and the rescue expedition which included Mrs Lilian Starr matron at the [[Peshawar]] Mission Hospital. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/13305961@N00/4946412546/ Photographs] from the Illustrated London News (26 May 1923) on Flickr. An account of her rescue mission ''Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet'' by Lilian A Starr was published 1924, which is available online, refer below.
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7713000/7713192.stm  "Waziristan's last soldier"] by Zubeida Malik BBC 8 November 2008 with a [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_waziristan/html/1.stm slideshow of photographs].  Frank Leeson spent two years commanding 1,000 Khassadars- Waziri soldiers- between 1946 and 1948, the last surviving British officer to have served in North Waziristan.
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7713000/7713192.stm  "Waziristan's last soldier"] by Zubeida Malik BBC 8 November 2008 with a [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_waziristan/html/1.stm slideshow of photographs].  Frank Leeson spent two years commanding 1,000 Khassadars- Waziri soldiers- between 1946 and 1948, the last surviving British officer to have served in North Waziristan.
Line 92: Line 93:
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/minutesproceedi04unkngoog#page/n461/mode/2up "Central Asia, and our military position on the North-West Frontier of India"] by Colonel John Adye RA. 20 January 1870. Page 389 ''Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution, Volume VI, 1870'' Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/minutesproceedi04unkngoog#page/n461/mode/2up "Central Asia, and our military position on the North-West Frontier of India"] by Colonel John Adye RA. 20 January 1870. Page 389 ''Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution, Volume VI, 1870'' Archive.org
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=3h43AQAAMAAJ&pg=PR9 ''A Record of the Expeditions Undertaken against the North-West Frontier Tribes. Compiled from the military and political despatches, Lieut.-Colonel McGregor's gazetteer, and other official sources''], by Lieutenant-Colonel W.H. Paget, Commandant 5th Panjab Cavalry  1874 Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=3h43AQAAMAAJ&pg=PR9 ''A Record of the Expeditions Undertaken against the North-West Frontier Tribes. Compiled from the military and political despatches, Lieut.-Colonel McGregor's gazetteer, and other official sources''], by Lieutenant-Colonel W.H. Paget, Commandant 5th Panjab Cavalry  1874 Google Books
**Lieut.-Colonel McGregor's gazetteer is possibly  the  three volumes in the series ''Central Asia'' by C M MacGregor: ''Part 1. North-West Frontier of British India''. 3 vol.   Central Asia Part-I Vol-II] by C M Macgregor. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278643 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. Full title: ''Central Asia Part I: A contribution towards the better knowledge of the topography, ethnology, resources, & history of the North-West Frontier of British India complied (for political and military reference). Volume II'', published 1873. Other volumes are available at the British Library, catalogue record IOR/L/MIL/17/14/72.
**Lieut.-Colonel McGregor's gazetteer is possibly  the  three volumes in the series ''Central Asia'' by C M MacGregor: ''Part 1. North-West Frontier of British India'', in 3 vol, with full title   ''Central Asia Part I: A contribution towards the better knowledge of the topography, ethnology, resources, & history of the North-West Frontier of British India complied (for political and military reference)'' by C M MacGregor 1873.
*:''Central Asia Part-i Vol-ii'' J to Peshawar.   [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278643 Archive.org version] mirror from Digital Library of India.  
*:[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1873-central-asia-part-1-topography-ethnography-statistics-and-history-of-north-west-frontier-vol-1-by-macgregor-s-pdf/ Volume I], [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1873-central-asia-part-1-topography-ethnography-statistics-and-history-of-north-west-frontier-vol-2-by-macgregor-s-pdf/ Volume II], [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1873-central-asia-part-1-topography-ethnography-statistics-and-history-of-north-west-frontier-vol-3-by-macgregor-s-pdf/ Volume III]. Pdf downloads, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. If the download buttons do not display, locate the book files under "Books/ Indian Subcontinent". [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.0740 Part I Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.0741/page/n1/mode/2up Part I Volume II], [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.0742/page/n1/mode/2up Part I Volume III] Archive.org mirror versions. These are 1995 reprint editions.
*[https://archive.org/details/punjaubnorthwest00oldp  ''The Punjaub and North-West Frontier of India''] 
by An Old Punjaubee. 1878 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/punjaubnorthwest00oldp  ''The Punjaub and North-West Frontier of India''] 
by An Old Punjaubee. 1878 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/acrossborderorpa00oliv  ''Across the Border : or Pathan and Biloch''] by Edward E Oliver 1890 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/acrossborderorpa00oliv  ''Across the Border : or Pathan and Biloch''] by Edward E Oliver 1890 Archive.org
Line 106: Line 109:
*[https://archive.org/details/risingsonnorthwe00alla ''The Risings on the North-west Frontier  being a complete narrative, with specially prepared maps of the various risings of the frontier tribes in the Tochi Valley, the Swat Valley, the country of the Mohmands and Mamunds, and the country of the Afridis and Orakzai... from the middle of June, 1897 to the end of January, 1898''] Special War Correspondence of the "Pioneer" 1898 (archive.org)
*[https://archive.org/details/risingsonnorthwe00alla ''The Risings on the North-west Frontier  being a complete narrative, with specially prepared maps of the various risings of the frontier tribes in the Tochi Valley, the Swat Valley, the country of the Mohmands and Mamunds, and the country of the Afridis and Orakzai... from the middle of June, 1897 to the end of January, 1898''] Special War Correspondence of the "Pioneer" 1898 (archive.org)
**with a [https://archive.org/stream/risingsonnorthwe00alla#page/n11/mode/1up Map of the Area of Disturbance] and a [https://archive.org/stream/risingsonnorthwe00alla#page/n127/mode/1up Sketch map: Afridi and Orakzai country]
**with a [https://archive.org/stream/risingsonnorthwe00alla#page/n11/mode/1up Map of the Area of Disturbance] and a [https://archive.org/stream/risingsonnorthwe00alla#page/n127/mode/1up Sketch map: Afridi and Orakzai country]
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015017670491?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 ''Tirah, 1897''] by Colonel C E Callwell 1911 HathiTrust Digital Library. A book in the series ''Campaigns and their Lessons''.
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015017670491?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 ''Tirah, 1897''] by Colonel C E Callwell 1911 HathiTrust Digital Library. A book in the series ''Campaigns and their Lessons''. Also available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284632/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org].
*[https://archive.org/details/indianfrontierw03youngoog/page/n6                ''Indian Frontier Warfare''] by  Captain and Brevet- Major G J Younghusband, Assistant-Quartermaster-General 1898 Archive.org. The Third Volume of ''The Wolseley Series''.   
*[https://archive.org/details/indianfrontierw03youngoog/page/n6                ''Indian Frontier Warfare''] by  Captain and Brevet- Major G J Younghusband, Assistant-Quartermaster-General 1898 Archive.org. The Third Volume of ''The Wolseley Series''.   
*[https://archive.org/details/frontiercampaign00dunmrich ''A Frontier Campaign; a Narrative of the Operations of the Malakand and Buner Field Forces, 1897-1898''] by the Viscount Fincastle, Lieutenant, 16th (Queen’s) Lancers and PC Eliott- Lockhart, Lieutenant “Queen’s Own” Corps of Guides. 2nd Edition 1898 Archive.org  
*[https://archive.org/details/frontiercampaign00dunmrich ''A Frontier Campaign; a Narrative of the Operations of the Malakand and Buner Field Forces, 1897-1898''] by the Viscount Fincastle, Lieutenant, 16th (Queen’s) Lancers and PC Eliott- Lockhart, Lieutenant “Queen’s Own” Corps of Guides. 2nd Edition 1898 Archive.org  
Line 122: Line 125:
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b5121073?urlappend=%3Bseq=4 ''Small Wars. Their Principles and Practice''] by Colonel C. [Charles] E. [Edward] Callwell.    General Staff - War Office.  Third Edition, revised 1906.  His Majesty's Stationery Office,  London. (First edition 1896) ”It is recommended to officers as a valuable contribution on the subject of the conduct of small wars.” HathiTrust Digital Library. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201641 Archive.org]. [http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/s/small-wars-their-principles-and-practice.html A transcribed version] Naval History and Heritage Command, an official U.S. Navy web site. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Small_Wars-_Their_principles_and_practice_%28C._E._Callwell%29.pdf Wikimedia.org pdf]. All 1906 editions.
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b5121073?urlappend=%3Bseq=4 ''Small Wars. Their Principles and Practice''] by Colonel C. [Charles] E. [Edward] Callwell.    General Staff - War Office.  Third Edition, revised 1906.  His Majesty's Stationery Office,  London. (First edition 1896) ”It is recommended to officers as a valuable contribution on the subject of the conduct of small wars.” HathiTrust Digital Library. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201641 Archive.org]. [http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/s/small-wars-their-principles-and-practice.html A transcribed version] Naval History and Heritage Command, an official U.S. Navy web site. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Small_Wars-_Their_principles_and_practice_%28C._E._Callwell%29.pdf Wikimedia.org pdf]. All 1906 editions.
**[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b5121073?urlappend=%3Bseq=487 Sangars] page 469.
**[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b5121073?urlappend=%3Bseq=487 Sangars] page 469.
*[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/38213 ''East India (North-West Frontier). Mahsud-Waziri Operations''] 1902 His Majesty's Stationery Office, London . A report to Parliament, covering correspondence 1899-1902. Pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India]. Also available [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000076277?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 HathiTrust Digital Library], where the pages may be rotated if required.
*[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/38213 ''East India (North-West Frontier). Mahsud-Waziri Operations''] 1902 His Majesty's Stationery Office, London . A report to Parliament, covering correspondence 1899-1902. Pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India]. Also available [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000076277?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 HathiTrust Digital Library], where the pages may be rotated if required. The military operations took place 24th to 28th November, 1901, as detailed from [https://archive.org/details/mahsud-waziri-operations/page/257/mode/2up  page 257]. Archive.org (mirror version of HathiTrust file)
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.05452/page/n5/mode/2up ''The Punjab in Peace and War''] by  S S Thorburn, Indian Civil Service (Retired) 1904. Archive.org, Public Library of India collection.
*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28168/supplement/6053  "Despatch on  the recent operations on the Mohmand border, in the Khyber, and the country of the Mohmands"]  ''London Gazette Supplement'' August 14, 1908.
*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28168/supplement/6053  "Despatch on  the recent operations on the Mohmand border, in the Khyber, and the country of the Mohmands"]  ''London Gazette Supplement'' August 14, 1908.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas01indi#page/n11/mode/2up ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India: Volume 1 Tribes north of the Kabul River''] by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1907 Archive.org. There is a supplement with full title  ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India Volume 1, supplement A: Operations against the Mohmands (including operations in the Khaiber, 1st-7th May'').    The supplement ''Operations against the Mohmands'' is  available to [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1908-operations-against-the-mohmands-vol-1-supplement-a-s-pdf/ download as a pdf]  from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]].  If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'. Also available [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1814/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].  
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas01indi#page/n11/mode/2up ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India: Volume 1 Tribes north of the Kabul River''] by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1907 Archive.org. There is a supplement with full title  ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India Volume 1, supplement A: Operations against the Mohmands (including operations in the Khaiber, 1st-7th May'').    The supplement ''Operations against the Mohmands'' is  available to [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1908-operations-against-the-mohmands-vol-1-supplement-a-s-pdf/ download as a pdf]  from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]].  If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'. Also available [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1814/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].  
Line 192: Line 196:
*[https://archive.org/details/frontier183919470000elli/page/n5 ''The Frontier 1839-1947: the Story of the North-West Frontier of India''] by Major-General J G Elliott 1968. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/frontier183919470000elli/page/n5 ''The Frontier 1839-1947: the Story of the North-West Frontier of India''] by Major-General J G Elliott 1968. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/khyberbritishind00mill ''Khyber, British India's north west frontier : the story of an imperial migraine''] by Charles Miller 1977. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/khyberbritishind00mill ''Khyber, British India's north west frontier : the story of an imperial migraine''] by Charles Miller 1977. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/afghanwarsnorthw0000bart/mode/2up ''Afghan Wars and the North-West Frontier, 1839-1947''] by Michael Barthorp 2002, first published 1982 as ''The North-West Frontier''. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1985-the-frontier-scouts-by-trench-s-pdf/ ''The Frontier Scouts''] by  Charles Chenevix Trench 1985. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR - Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). If the download button does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent/1985. Also available [https://archive.org/details/frontierscouts0000chen/mode/2up Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library].
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1985-the-frontier-scouts-by-trench-s-pdf/ ''The Frontier Scouts''] by  Charles Chenevix Trench 1985. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR - Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). If the download button does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent/1985. Also available [https://archive.org/details/frontierscouts0000chen/mode/2up Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library].
: Also see [[:Category:Frontier Scouts]].
: Also see [[:Category:Frontier Scouts]].
*[https://archive.org/details/armyinindiadevel0000more/page/n5/mode/2up ''The Army in India and the Development of Frontier Warfare, 1849-1947''] by T R Moreman 1998 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Based on a 1996 PhD Thesis, also available online, see  Histories above.
*[https://archive.org/details/armyinindiadevel0000more/page/n5/mode/2up ''The Army in India and the Development of Frontier Warfare, 1849-1947''] by T R Moreman 1998 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Based on a 1996 PhD Thesis, also available online, see  Histories above.
*[https://archive.org/details/godsterroristswa0000alle/page/n5/mode/2up ''God's Terrorists : the Wahhabi cult and hidden roots of modern Jihad''] by Charles Allen  2006.  Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/soldiersahibsmen0000alle/mode/2up ''Soldier Sahibs : the men who made the North-West Frontier''] by Charles Allen 2001, first published 2000. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Covers the period 1839-1857.
:[https://archive.org/details/godsterroristswa0000alle/page/n5/mode/2up ''God's Terrorists : the Wahhabi cult and hidden roots of modern Jihad''] by Charles Allen  2006.  Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/storygallantryof0000hods/mode/2up ''The Story & Gallantry of the North West Frontier 1849-1947 : from a series of articles first published in Military Chest''] by R V E Hodson 2002 Archive.org Texts to Borrow. The author (born 1914) was part of the Indian Army until injured, when he joined the Indian Political Service and served until Independence. There is a reference to his manuscript memoirs 1939-1947 Indian Political Service etc available at the British Library MSS Eur F 226.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1935-brief-gazetteer-of-most-important-and-useful-place-names-in-waziristan-district-s-pdf/ ''Brief Gazetteer of Most Important and Useful Place Names in Waziristan District''] by General Staff, Headquarters, Waziristan District. 1935 is available to download as a pdf  from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]]. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2595 Archive.org mirror version]. "Issued separately as Appendix H to the Military Report on Waziristan District, Fifth (1935) Edition".
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1935-brief-gazetteer-of-most-important-and-useful-place-names-in-waziristan-district-s-pdf/ ''Brief Gazetteer of Most Important and Useful Place Names in Waziristan District''] by General Staff, Headquarters, Waziristan District. 1935 is available to download as a pdf  from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]]. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2595 Archive.org mirror version]. "Issued separately as Appendix H to the Military Report on Waziristan District, Fifth (1935) Edition".
=====Routes=====
=====Routes=====
Line 201: Line 208:
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1890-military-routes-to-the-indo-afghan-frontier-by-lessar-secret-s-pdf/ 1890 ''Military Routes to the Indo-Afghan Frontier''] by Lessar (secret)]  Notes: At head of title: Secret. "From Russian official "records" of geographical, topographical and statistical materials on Asia. Collected by the Military Scientific Committee of the Headquarters Staff, 1890. Translated for the Intelligence Division of the War Office". HMSO. Author: P. M. Lessar, (Pavel Mikhailovich) Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1202 Archive.org mirror version].  
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1890-military-routes-to-the-indo-afghan-frontier-by-lessar-secret-s-pdf/ 1890 ''Military Routes to the Indo-Afghan Frontier''] by Lessar (secret)]  Notes: At head of title: Secret. "From Russian official "records" of geographical, topographical and statistical materials on Asia. Collected by the Military Scientific Committee of the Headquarters Staff, 1890. Translated for the Intelligence Division of the War Office". HMSO. Author: P. M. Lessar, (Pavel Mikhailovich) Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1202 Archive.org mirror version].  
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1893-routes-from-russian-territory-toward-afghanistan-and-india-the-pamir-line-of-advance-by-robertson-confidential-s-pdf/ 1893 ''Routes from Russian Territory toward Afghanistan and India - the Pamir line of Advance''] by Robertson (confidential). Full title: ''Routes from Russian Territory in Central Asia towards Afghanistan and India. Section 1, The Pamir line of advance''  compiled in the Intelligence Branch of the Quarter Master General's Department in India by W.R. Robertson. 1893. Contents: pt. 1. Short military report on the Ferghana province, Kashgar, the Pamirs and Upper Oxus Afghan provinces ... - pt. 2. Includes all routes leading from the Chimkend Kuldja postal road to the Hindu Kush between the Dorah and the Karakorum Passes. Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1292/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].  
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1893-routes-from-russian-territory-toward-afghanistan-and-india-the-pamir-line-of-advance-by-robertson-confidential-s-pdf/ 1893 ''Routes from Russian Territory toward Afghanistan and India - the Pamir line of Advance''] by Robertson (confidential). Full title: ''Routes from Russian Territory in Central Asia towards Afghanistan and India. Section 1, The Pamir line of advance''  compiled in the Intelligence Branch of the Quarter Master General's Department in India by W.R. Robertson. 1893. Contents: pt. 1. Short military report on the Ferghana province, Kashgar, the Pamirs and Upper Oxus Afghan provinces ... - pt. 2. Includes all routes leading from the Chimkend Kuldja postal road to the Hindu Kush between the Dorah and the Karakorum Passes. Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1292/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].  
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1912-strategical-epitome-of-routes-on-and-beyond-the-north-west-frontier-of-india-by-general-staff-india-confidential-s-pdf/  ''Strategical Epitome of Routes on and beyond the North-West Frontier of India''] by General Staff India (confidential) 1912 Pdf download, Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1951/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1912-strategical-epitome-of-routes-on-and-beyond-the-north-west-frontier-of-india-by-general-staff-india-confidential-s-pdf/  ''Strategical Epitome of Routes on and beyond the North-West Frontier of India''] by General Staff India (confidential) 1912 Pdf download, Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1951/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].
=====Fiction=====
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42417 ''The Air Patrol: A Story of the North-West Frontier''] by  Herbert Strang 1913.  Gutenberg.org. An adventure story for younger readers.
*[https://archive.org/details/borderofbladesan00foraiala ''The Border of Blades : an Anglo-Indian Romance''] by Captain Bedford Foran 1916 Archive.org. Author is cataloged as William Robert Foran. Set in Peshawar and the North West Frontier. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Robert_Foran W. Robert Foran] Wikipedia. [https://aussiehunter.org/hunting/hunting-books/great-white-hunters/w-r-foran/ W R Foran] (aussiehunter.org) indicates he was in India with the British Army for a short time in the early 1900s.
*[http://www.britishcomics.20m.com/wolf.htm "The Wolf of Kabul"] ''Rover and Wizard'' January 25th 1964.  britishcomics.20m.com. This appears to be a reprint, first published in the 1930s in ''Wizard'',<ref>[https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/boy-s-own-adventures-1-2615112 "Boy's Own adventures"] 27 April 2006 yorkshirepost.co.uk.</ref> a weekly magazine for boys published by  DC Thomson of Dundee . Story involving Bill Samson (“His real job is surveying the frontier and making maps of the mountains and passes”) and his offsider Private Chung whose weapon was the Clicky-Ba. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_of_Kabul Wolf of Kabul] Wikipedia.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.528790/page/n471 "Ants"] by W J Blackledge, page 471 ''Fifty Amazing Hairbreadth Escapes'' c 1937. Stated to be an extract from  ''Hell’s Broth Militia'' [1936] Archive.org
:"Company of the Damned" by Captain W J Blackledge. An Inside Picture of the Hunted Men’s Militia [Kurram Militia] in India. The story of Digger Craven, second in command. Appeared in issues of the weekly magazine ''Liberty'' from v13n14 1936-4-4. [https://archive.org/details/Liberty_v13n14_1936-4-4.Liberty_Darwination-DPP_/page/n10 Part 1], [https://archive.org/details/Liberty_v15n15_-_1936_-_MacFadden/page/n31 part 2], [https://archive.org/details/Liberty_v13n16_-_1936_-_MacFadden/page/n37  part 3] Archive.org. Further episodes are not available online.
:An examination of Part 1 shows it is an abridged version of "Ants" which in turn  is an extract from  ''Hell’s Broth Militia''. Note some classify the latter as biography.<ref>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HY_4aH5ihhUC&lpg=PR1&pg=PA27 Page 27, entry 319] ''British Autobiographies: An Annotated Bibliography of British Autobiographies Published Or Written Before 1951'' by  William Matthews. Reprint edition 1964 Google Books</ref> For more about this author, see [[Mesopotamia Campaign#Historical books online|Mesopotamia Campaign - Historical books online - Fiction]].
*[https://archive.org/details/leopardcliff00bree/page/n7/mode/2up ''The Leopard and the Cliff''] by Wallace Breem 1978 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Set  in the time of the [[3rd Afghan War]] in 1919.


== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />


{{#widget:Google PlusOne
|size=small
|count=true
}}




[[Category:Wars and Campaigns]]
[[Category:Wars and Campaigns]]
[[Category:North West Frontier Campaigns| North West Frontier Campaigns]]
[[Category:North West Frontier Campaigns| North West Frontier Campaigns]]

Latest revision as of 04:50, 17 September 2024

North West Frontier Campaigns
1849-1947
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Location:
Combatants:
East India Company and British Army North West Frontier tribes
Result: Suppression of border incursions
Medals:
India General Service medal 1854
India Medal 1895-1902
Links:
Category: Category:North West Frontier Campaigns


From 1849 when the East India Company annexed the Punjab it became necessary to prevent incursion by the frontier Pakhtun tribes. Successive punitive expeditions subdued particular areas until further outrages occurred. Control of the region depended to a large extent on the Punjab Frontier Force recruited from local tribesmen commanded by British officers.

North West Frontier Expeditions

For a list of campaigns in order see

Medals

British Library holdings

India Office Records, which may be located by using the British Library Search include:

  • Collection 391 North West Frontier Operations 1897 IOR/L/MIL/7/15855-15939 1897-1923
  • Collection 403 Frontier and Overseas Expeditions IOR/L/MIL/7/16820-16978 1901-1944
  • War Diary [Collection], Army Headquarters India, Frontier Operations. GSI, 1914-20. 56 vols. IOR/L/MIL/17/5/4066-4121. Printed volumes from the Military Library. At least one, possibly more, is thought to be available in the library subscription website "The Indian Army and Colonial Warfare on the Frontiers of India, 1914-1920", see Subscription websites-online newspapers, journals and directories.
  • Political and Secret Department Library IOR/L/PS/20 1757-1952. A very large and varied collection of confidential prints, official publications and commercially published works, analogous to the Military Library (see under L/MIL/17), it largely consists of military reports, gazetteers, summaries of correspondence, handbooks etc. dealing with the Indian States, the frontier regions and neighbouring countries. There is a separate index. Includes

Imperial War Museums holdings

The Imperial War Museums are a source of information about operations in Waziristan. Search the catalogue.

Catalogue entry for the publication Bibliography of sources in the Departments of Documents, Photographs, Printed Books and Sound Records at the Imperial War Museum on military operations in Waziristan on the North West Frontier of India 1917-1937, published c 1979.

Also see

Recommended Reading

  • John Archibald Hislop was an officer in the Indian Army, 2nd Battalion 9th Jat Regiment from 1933. He had a series of postings on the North West Frontier. Subsequently he was GS02 Waziristan District until c.August 1943. His memoirs A Soldier’s Story-From the Khyber Pass to the Jungles of Burma: The Memoir of a British Officer in the Indian Army 1933-1947 were published by his daughter in 2010 and reviewed in FIBIS Journal 26.

External links

Maps

Histories

Article: Army in India & Frontier Warfare 1914-1939 by Tim Moreman (Khyber.org, now archived and originally from king-emperor.com, now archived).
“RAF Inter-War Operations on the North-West Frontier” by Wing Commander Dr Andrew Walters page 110 (digital page 112) Air Power Review Volume 21, No.1 Spring 2018. raf.mod.uk

Photographs

Historical books online

1910 edition Archive.org
'The Defence of India' by F. A. McKenzie, from The Great War edited by H.W. Wilson, volume 7, chapter 128. greatwardifferent.com, now an archived website. Scroll down to the section about the North West Frontier including Shabkadar.
Report from Major General F. Campbell, C.B., D.S.O., General Officer Commanding, 1st (Peshawar) Division on the Operations on the Swat, Buner and Mohmand Borders, 19th June – 25th October, 1915. See the partial transcription of WO 106/732, The National Archives [UK] below[1], part of 1915 reports TNA WO 106/732-740.
  • "War Operations In India" page 268, War in the Air: being the story of the part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force, Volume VI by H A Jones 1937 Archive.org. Part of the series History of the Great War based on Official Documents.
  • "The Frontier and the War" page 154 The Indian Year Book 1918, (which appears to have been published at the beginning of the year). The report covers the period 1914-1917. Archive.org
  • "Despatches on the operations against the Mahsuds, March-August, 1917" London Gazette Supplement 12 April 1918
  • Despatches on military operations in the Indian Empire since the outbreak of the First World War. Includes the North West Frontier London Gazette Supplements.
  • See 3rd Afghan War 6 May – 8 August 1919.
  • Unofficial History by Field Marshal Sir William Slim 1962, first published 1959. Archive.org Lending Library.
"Aid to the Civil" page 75. “This narrative…is a composite one, made up from the events on three occasions on which the military aided the civil power” (footnote, page 75). Probably c 1919. He was based at Gurampur Fort which is probably a fictional name.
"Student’s Interlude" page 101 . On operations Autumn 1920. "A Brigade Column, operating from Thal in the Kurram … took punative action against the village of Panch Pir in Waziristan". (Not known whether this is the actual, or a fictional name).
Also available in a reprint edition[2] which in turn is available as part of an online book on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3.[3]
Turmoil and Tragedy in India, 1914 and After by Lieut.-General Sir George MacMunn 1935. It is catalogued as Turmoil The Tragedy In India 1914. It is available Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India.
  • "The North West Frontier", page 9 India in 1930-1931 A statement prepared for presentation to Parliament. Government of India Central Publication Branch 1932. Archive.org.
  • Passing It On: Short Talks on Tribal fighting on the North-West Frontier of India by General Sir Andrew Skeen , 3rd edition 1934 (originally published 1932) is available Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India. A 2010 reprint edition with annotations titled Passing It On: Fighting the Pushtun on Afghanistan's Frontier was published by the Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworh Kansas. Archive.org version, pdf fmso.leavenworth. Note: some of the text may not have been included, at least one probable whole page has been noted.
  • Hired to Kill: Some Chapters of Autobiography by Charles John Morris 1960. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset, (if the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). Archive.org mirror version. John Morris was an officer with the 3rd Gurkha Rifles from 1918 until 1934 in Palestine, Afghanistan (the Third Afghan War in 1919), Waziristan and the North West Frontier of India.
  • "Roads And Motor Transport In India" by Brigadier-General Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, Adviser on Mechanical Transport Services in India, 1915-19. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts Vol. 68, No. 3529 (July 9, 1920), pp. 541-552 jstor.org. Available to read for free on JSTOR, but first you must register, see Miscellaneous tips. Includes roads in the frontier region, and their military importance.
  • The Loe Agra and Mohmand Campaigns of 1935 are briefly mentioned in two chapters in India in 1934-35, from page 86 and page 109 Archive.org. Also see Official History of Operations, above, and Mohmand Campaign 1935.
  • "The Changing Nature of Operations on the North-West Frontier" by "Shpagwishtama" page 102 USI [United Service Institution of India] Journal Vol LXVI 1936. Archive.org
  • "Defence in the North-West Frontier Province" by General Sir Kenneth Wigram Page 73 Journal Of The Royal Central Asian Society - Vol. 24, Pt. 1 1937. A lecture given on November 18, 1936. Archive.org
  • Official History of Operations on the N.W. Frontier of India, 1936-37 [by General Staff Army Headquarters, India] Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi. 1943. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.
Also available in a reprint edition[4] which in turn is available as part of an online book on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3.[3]
Pathan social customs pages 212-213, including the wearing, by men, of roses in their hair.
Also see Category:Frontier Scouts.
God's Terrorists : the Wahhabi cult and hidden roots of modern Jihad by Charles Allen 2006. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
Routes
  • Routes on the North-West Frontier compiled (for political and military reference) under the orders of the Quarter Master General in India, in the Intelligence Branch, in 1887 ; brought up to date in October 1892 by W.R. Robertson. Confidential.Volume I, Volume 2 Pdf downloads, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books').
  • 1890 Military Routes to the Indo-Afghan Frontier by Lessar (secret)] Notes: At head of title: Secret. "From Russian official "records" of geographical, topographical and statistical materials on Asia. Collected by the Military Scientific Committee of the Headquarters Staff, 1890. Translated for the Intelligence Division of the War Office". HMSO. Author: P. M. Lessar, (Pavel Mikhailovich) Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). Archive.org mirror version.
  • 1893 Routes from Russian Territory toward Afghanistan and India - the Pamir line of Advance by Robertson (confidential). Full title: Routes from Russian Territory in Central Asia towards Afghanistan and India. Section 1, The Pamir line of advance compiled in the Intelligence Branch of the Quarter Master General's Department in India by W.R. Robertson. 1893. Contents: pt. 1. Short military report on the Ferghana province, Kashgar, the Pamirs and Upper Oxus Afghan provinces ... - pt. 2. Includes all routes leading from the Chimkend Kuldja postal road to the Hindu Kush between the Dorah and the Karakorum Passes. Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). Archive.org mirror version.
  • Strategical Epitome of Routes on and beyond the North-West Frontier of India by General Staff India (confidential) 1912 Pdf download, Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). Archive.org mirror version.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 GTG on the North West Frontier 1915 [Capt GT Gill, 2/6 Gurkha Rifles] Scroll down for the partial transcription of TNA WO 106/732. gillww1.wordpress.com
  2. Official History Of Operations On The North-West Frontier Of India 1920-1935 Naval & Military Press
  3. 3.0 3.1 Official History of Operations on the NW Frontier of India fold3 (located in World War2/Military books/India). Consists of 2 books.
  4. Official History Of Operations On The North-West Frontier Of India 1936-1937 Naval & Military Press
  5. dryan67 14/12 Frontier Force Regiment and The Ajmer Regiment post 25, WorldWar2Talk Forum 11 December 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  6. Catalogue entry 8005/151/7 Memoirs of Brigadier William Alston's service in the Indian Army. National Army Museum, London.
  7. RobG64. 8th Punjab Regiment Regimental History WW2Talk Forum 19 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.