Sudan Campaign

Sudan Campaign
1885
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
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Location: Sudan
Combatants:
British, Egyptians and Indians	Sudanese tribesmen
Result: Fall of Khartoum/British withdrawal
Medals: Egypt Medal 1882-89 Clasps: Suakin 1884, The Nile 1884-5, Abu Klea, Kirberkan, Suakin 1885, Tofrek, Gemaizah and Toski.
Links:
Category: Sudan Campaign

^{This page relates to actions of the Indian Contingent. For wider information on the Sudan Campaign see external links below.}

Also called the Anglo-Sudan War or the Sudanese Mahdist Revolt.

Summary

In the 1870s a Muslim cleric named Muhammad Ahmad preached revolt against the Egyptian administration in Sudan. He proclaimed himself Mahdi and in 1883 defeated an Egyptian expedition. A second expedition led by European officers was massacred at El Obeid. Charles Gordon was sent to Sudan to supervise the withdrawal of occupying forces and was besieged in Khartoum. The British sent an expeditionary force under Lt-Gen Sir Gerald Graham, including an Indian contingent, to Suakin in March 1885. This fought two successful actions but failed to change the military situation and was withdrawn. A relief force under Sir Garnet Wolseley was dispatched but was unable to reach Khartoum before it fell and Gordon was killed. Sudan then passed completely under the control of the Mahdists.

Suakin Expeditionary Force

Lt-Gen Sir Gerald Graham VC commanding
Guards Brigade
Maj-Gen Lyon Fremantle

• 1st Btn Coldstream Guards (840 men)
• 2nd Btn Scots Guards (840 men)
• 3rd Btn Coldstream Guards (834 men)
• New South Wales Regiment (500 men)
  

2nd Infantry Brigade
Maj-Gen Sir John McNeill VC KCB

• 1st Btn 49th Berkshires (650 men)
• 1st Btn 53rd Shropshires (800 men)
• 2nd Btn 70th East Surreys (600 men)
• Royal Marine Light Infantry (500 men)

Indian Brigade
Brig-Gen John Hudson CB

• 15th Sikhs (725 men)
• 9th Bengal Cavalry (581 men)
• 17th Bengal Infantry (843 men)
• 28th Bombay Native Infantry (245 men)
• F Coy Madras Sappers and Miners (150 men)
  

Cavalry Brigade
Maj-Gen Sir Henry Ewart KCB

• 5th Royal Irish Lancers (248 men)
• Two squadrons 20th Hussars (261 men)
• Four Coys Mounted Infantry (196 men)
• Mounted Infantry Police (13 men)
  

Artillery

• 6/B Royal Horse Artillery (six 9-pounders)
• 5/I Scottish Divisional RA (six 2.5ins guns)
• 6/I Ammunition Column, Scottish Divisional RA
  

Royal Engineers

• 11th Coy attached to Mounted Infantry
• 17th Coy RE (105 men)
• 24th Coy RE (124 men)
• 10th Railway Coy
• Two sections Telegraph Battalion
• Balloon Detachment
  

Medals

Also see Medals and Medal Rolls

• The Egypt Medal 1882-1889 northeastmedals.co.uk

Also see

• Egyptian Campaign 1882

External Links

• Mahdist War Wikipedia
  
• Muhammad Ahmad Wikipedia
  
• This Victorian Wars Forum post, part of a thread, refers to British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography by Harold E Raugh (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2008) Available at the British Library. Also available to purchase through Amazon.co.uk from the FIBIS Shop . "This definitive volume is an indispensable reference for researching..."

Historical Books on-line

• Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India Vol VI - Sudan Campaign 1882 archive.org
• Cassell's History of the War in the Soudan by James Grant 1885-86 Archive.org
  • Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4, Volume 5, Volume 6
• The War in Egypt and the Soudan; an episode in the history of the British Empire. Being a descriptive account of the scenes and events of that great drama, and sketches of the principal actors in it by Thomas Archer Archive.org
  • Volume 1 1885, Volume 2 1886, Volume 3 1886, Volume 4 c 1887
• Desert Warfare: Being the Chronicle of the Eastern Soudan Campaign by Bennet Burleigh, War Correspondent 1884 Archive.org
• The War in the Soudan and the causes which led to it; with short biographical sketches of the principal personages engaged by T Arnold Haultain 1885 Archive.org
• Story of the Soudan War. From the rise of the revolt July, 1881, to the fall of Khartoum and death of Gordon, Jan., 1885 by W Melville Pimblett 1885 Archive.org
• "Medical Report of the Eastern Soudan Expeditionary Force 1884" (15 February 1884-6 April 1884) by Brigade Surgeon E G Mc Dowell, page 261 Army Medical Department: Report for the Year 1882 Volume 24 published 1884 Archive.org
• "The British Campaign in the Soudan for the Rescue of Gordon" by General R. E. Colston Bulletin of the American Geographic Society 1885, no. 3 Archive.org
• Chapter 1 of With the R.A.M.C. in Egypt by "Serjeant-Major, R.A.M.C." 1918 Archive.org refers to the Egyptian Campaign in 1882 and the Sudan Campaign in 1885, together with the 1896 and 1898 campaigns

Recommended Reading

Khartoum, The Ultimate Imperial Adventure by Michael Asher, Penguin 2006 ISBN 978-0-14-025855-4