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{{War|name=1st Afghan War |dates=1839-42 |image=150px-Shah Shujah of Afghanistan.jpg|Shah Shuja ul Mulk|location=[[Afghanistan]] |combatant1=[[East India Company]] |combatant2=Afghan tribes|result= <br>Disastrous defeat of first invasion<br>Qualified success of second invasion|medal=<br>[http://wwwen.britishmedalswikipedia.infoorg/ghuznee_medal.html wiki/Ghuznee_Medal Ghuznee 1839]<br>[http://www.britishmedalsfitzmuseum.cam.ac.infouk/dept/coins/collection/watson/jellalabad_medalpage185.html Jellalabad 1841-42]<br>[http://www.britishmedalsmedals.org.infouk/defence_of_kelat_i_ghilzie_medalunited-kingdom/united-kingdom108.html htm Defence of Kelat-I-Ghilzie 1842]<br>[http://www.medals.org.uk/united-kingdom/united-kingdom106.htm Candahar]<br>[http://www.medals.org.uk/united-kingdom/united-kingdom106.htm Cabul and Ghuznee 1842-43]

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The '''1st Afghan War''' THE 1ST ANGLO-AFGHAN WAR 1839-42<br>For sequence of events see '''[[1st Afghan War Timeline]]'''==SummarySynopsis ==In the face of continued a perceived threat of expansion of the Russian Empire, Britain sought to secure the northwestern borders of British India by establishing [[Afghanistan]] as an ally and buffer. Under the pretext The Governor-General of restoring the former ruler India, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuja_Shah Shah ShujaGeorge_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland Lord Auckland] to , knew little of the throne the British assembled an invading armypolitics of India or Afghanistan. 21,000 troops under Despite advice from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keane_(British_soldier) Sir John KeaneAlexander_Burnes Alexander Burnes] entered Afghanistan via in [[QuettaKabul]] occupying to support [[Kandaharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dost_Mohammed Amir Dost Mohammed]] and [[Kabul]]. This led to the disastrous retreat to Gandamak and a second invasion , he was persuaded by the Army of Retribution under [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pollock Maj-Gen George PollockWilliam_Macnaghten William Macnaghten]. and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Nott General William NottClaude_Martin_Wade Claude Wade] that regime change was necessary. Under the pretext of restoring the former ruler [[Shah Shuja-ul-Mulk|Shah Shuja]] to the throne the British assembled an invading army. 21,000 troops under [[John Keane|Sir John Keane]] entered Afghanistan via [[Quetta]] advanced from occupying [[Kandahar meeting Pollock ]] and recapturing [[Kabul]]. After releasing British prisoners The ruling Amir [[Dost Mohammed|Dost Mohammad Khan]] was defeated and destroying Kabul bazaar the British returned exiled to India. Shah Shujah was installed but it became clear that he did not have popular support and he was subsequently murdered.

In January 1842 there was a general uprising in Kabul and the invaders were besieged in the military cantonment. With only a few days supplies left, the Britsh were forced to agree terms dictated by [[Mohammad Akbar|Mohammad Akbar Khan]] the son of Dost Mohammad.This led to the disastrous retreat to [[Gundamak]] and the Siege of [[Jalalabad]]. A second invasion by the Army of Retribution was launched under [[George Pollock|Maj-Gen George Pollock]]. [[William Nott|General William Nott]] advanced from Kandahar meeting Pollock and recapturing Kabul. After releasing British prisoners and destroying Kabul bazaar the British returned to India. ==ActionsRelated articles ==See For the sequence of events see '''[[:Category:1st Afghan WarTimeline]]'''<br>For further details see the following main articles:*[[Invasion of the HEIC Army]]*[[Wade's Expedition to Kabul]]*[[General Sale's March from Kabul to Jalalabad]]*[[Kabul Uprising]]*[[Retreat from Kabul to Gundamak]]*[[Captivity of the Hostages]]*[[General Nott at Kandahar]]*[[Affairs in Beloochistan]]*[[The Army of Retribution March to Kabul]]*[[Withdrawal from Afghanistan]]*[[The Final Exit]] for an alphabetical list.

|'''Army of the Indus (Bengal) ''' under [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Cotton [Willoughby Cotton|Maj-Gen Sir Willoughby Cotton]]

(Note: this link refers wrongly to Maj-Gen Sir Howard Elphinstone. It should be [[William Elphinstone|Maj-Gen William Elphinstone]].)

*''"Return of a King: The Battle for Afghanistan"'' by William Dalrymple 2013 ISBN 978 1 4088 1830 5*''"The First Afghan War 1838-1842"'' by J A Norris 1967 ISBN 0521130964*''"First Afghan War"'' by H Durrand 1879 ISBN 818650530X. Also available to read online, refer [[1st Afghan War#Historical books online|below]]<br> == Images ==*[http://www.williamdalrymple.uk.com/pdfs/RoaK_taster_plates.pdf Portraits of the principle protagonists - plates from Return of a King] www.williamdalrymple.uk.com*[http://www.nam.ac.uk/collection/collection-news/your-paintings/captain-colin-mackenzie#hotspot2 Portrait: Captain Colin Mackenzie (1806-61), Madras Army, Lately a Hostage in Caubool, in His Affghan Dress, c1842] National Army Museum

== External Links links ==

*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=9MVFAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Outline of the Operations of the British Troops in Scinde and Afghanistan‬: ‪Betwixt Nov. 1838 and Nov. 1841; with Remarks on the Policy of the War'']‬ ‪by George Buist, Editor of the ''Bombay Times'' 1843 Google Books*[http://books.google.com/books?id=_R8LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''History of the War in Affghanistan: From Its Commencement to Its Close''] edited by Charles Nash 1843 Google Books*''History of the Afghans'' by J.P.Ferrier 1858 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZUkoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA327&dq=Akbar+Khan&hl=en&ei=6byQTZ_hJ4KLhQfi4-i7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter XXIII et seq 1st Anglo-Afghan War] Google Books*[https://archive.org/details/firstafghanwar00morr/page/n5/mode/2up ''The First Afghan War''] by Mowbray Morris 1878 Archive.org. The Preface states "The following pages pretend to give nothing more than a short summary of events already recorded by recognised authorities". 105 pages*[http://www.archive.org/stream/firstafghanwara00duragoog#page/n10/mode/2up ''The First Afghan War and its Causes''] Sir Henry Durand 1879 (archive.org)*[http://www.archive.org/stream/afghanwars18394200forbuoft#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Afghan Wars 1839-42 and 1878-80''] by Archibald Forbes 1892 (archive.org)*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.285153/mode/2up ''The First Afghan War 1838-1842''] by Captain Bruce Hay, Queen’s Own Corps of Guides. Reprinted article, originally from ''Royal United Services Institution Journal'' Volume 55, 1911 - Issue 396. Archive.org. *''A History Of Afghanistan'' by Brig-Gen Sir Percy Sykes 1940 Archive.org [https://archive.org/details/historyofafghani031155mbp Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/historyofafghani031122mbp Volume II]**[https://archive.org/stream/historyofafghani031155mbp#page/n441/mode/2up "The Mission of Burnes and the Siege of Herat"] page 400, Volume I. Continues Volume II *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XiEPAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Memorials+of+Affghanistan:+being+state+papers,+official+documents&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Memorials of Affghanistan''] by J H Stocqueler 1863 (Google Books)*[http://books.google.com/books?id=HbnOJnQuE5kC&pg=PR1 ''Cabool: a personal narrative of a journey to and residence in that city in the years 1836, 7 and 8''] by Sir Alexander Burnes 1842 Google Books*''Narrative of the Campaign of the Indus in Sind and Kaubool in 1838-9'' by Richard Hartley Kennedy M.D. Chief of the Medical Staff of the Bombay Division of the Army of the Indus. 1840 [http://books.google.com/books?id=BmVEAAAAIAAJ &printsec=frontcover Volume 1], [http://books.google.com/books?id=UWVEAAAAIAAJ &printsec=frontcover Volume 2]Google Books*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=lcwNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1 ‪''The Expedition Into Affghanistan‬: ‪Notes and Sketches Descriptive of the Country, Contained in a Personal Narrative During the Campaign of 1839 & 1840, Up to the Surrender of Dost Mahomed Khan'']‬ by James Atkinson, Superintending Surgeon of the Army of the Indus, Bengal Establishment 1842 Google Books.:Note: The Sketches were published as a separate book [https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/search/index?utf8=✓&keywords=Sketches+in+Afghaunistan%2C# ''Sketches in Afghaunistan''], 1842 consisting of 26 lithographs. NYPL Digital Collections. The British Library Online Gallery also contains many works including a watercolour of plate 7 [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000002395u00000000.html "The opening into the narrow Pass above the Siri Bolan"] ( Search for other images)*''The Campaign in Affghanistan, Journal of an Officer of the Army of the Indus'' by Captain Ogle HM [[4th (Queen's Own) Hussars|4th Lt Drags ]] published 1840 and 1841 in the Asiatic Journal (Google Books). The author died of cholera 29 November 1839, towards the end of the campaign.<br>::[http://books.google.com/books?id=visYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA107 Chapter 1], [http://books.google.com/books?id=visYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA149 Chapter 2], [http://books.google.com/books?id=visYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA255 Chapter 3] [http://books.google.com/books?id=vSsYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA6 Chapter 4], [http://books.google.com/books?id=vSsYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA95 Chapter 5], [http://books.google.com/books?id=vSsYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA161 Chapter 6], [http://books.google.com/books?id=vSsYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA254 Chapter 7] *[http://books.google.cocom.ukau/books?id=uXYIAAAAQAAJ2UMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR20&dq=PP9 ''Journal of a March from Delhi to Peshawur, and from thence to Cabul, with the Mission of Lieut-Col. Sir C. M. Wade, etc.''] [With plates] by William Barr, Lieutenant, Bengal Horse Artillery. 1844 Google Books. Covers the period December 1838 to December 1839.*[https://archive.org/details/militaryoperati00eyre ''The military operations at Cabul: which ended in the retreat and destruction of the British army, January 1842. With a+journal+of+the+disasters+imprisonment in+afghanistan&cd=2Affghanistan''] by Lieut. Vincent Eyre, Bengal Artillery. 2nd edition 1843 Archive.org**[https://archive.org/stream/militaryoperati00eyre#v=onepage&q=a%20journal%20of%20the%20disasters%20in%20afghanistan&f=false page/n26/mode/1up Plan of the Cantonment and Surrounding Country], facing page xx.*[https://archive.org/details/journalofdisaste00sale ''A Journal of the Disasters in Affghanistan 1841-2''] by Lady Sale 1844*1843 Archive.org with [httphttps://wwwarchive.org/stream/journalofdisaste00sale#page/n477/mode/1up Plan of the Cantonments and Surrounding Country] , following page 453. This map appears to be an enlarged view of section of the map above by Lieut. Vincent Eyre.[https://archive.org/stream/tenyearsinindiai00gouluoftjournalofdisaste00sale#page/30n13/mode/2up Vocabulary]*[http://books.google.com/books?id=ex0LAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Sale's+brigade+in+Afghanistan&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Ten years in India, Sale's Brigade in Afghanistan: with an Account of the 16th Queen's LancersSeizure and Defence of Jellalabad''] by WJD Gould (1880). Chapter 2, covering the Afghan Campaign (Archive.org)George Robert Gleig 1846 Google Books<br>*[http://www.gutenberggoogle.orgcom/files/12863/12863-h/12863-h.htm books?id=U3YIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Campaign of the Indus in a series of letters by an officer in the Bombay Division''] (Gutenberg1840 Google Books.org)*Also available [httphttps://www.archivegutenberg.org/streamebooks/indiarobe07robeuoft#page/310/mode/2up ''Historical geography of the British Dependencies''12863 Gutenberg.org] Vol VII India. The author, Part I - First Afghan War (archiveT.W.E.org)Holdsworth, was an officer in the [[2nd Regiment of Foot]]*[http://wwwbooks.google.archivecom.orgau/stream/firstafghanwara00duragoog#books?id=Q9wRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA221 Part 1: Affghanistan, 1839—Gwalior, 1843-44] from "Memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Marion Durand, K.C.S.I., C.B., R.E." by Lieutenant C.R, Low, (late) Indian Navy, page/n10/mode/2up 221 ''Colburn'The first Afghan war s United Service Magazine and Naval and its causesMilitary Journal, 1871 Part 1''] Sir Henry Durand 1879 (archive.org)Google Books

*[http://books.google.cocom.ukau/books?id=XiEPAAAAYAAJx8dFAAAAIAAJ&printsecpg=frontcover&dq=Memorials+PR3 ''‪Diary of+Affghanistana March Through Sinde and Affghanistan‬:+being+state+papers‪With the Troops Under the Command of General Sir William Nott,+official+documents&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Memorials and Sermons Delivered on Various Occasions During the Campaign of Affghanistan1842''] by J H Stocqueler 1863 (Rev Isaac Nicholson Allen‬, Assistant Chaplain on the Hon. East India Company’s Bombay Establishment ‪ 1843 Google Books)*[http://books.google.cocom.ukau/books?id=xfoDAAAAQAAJemPU4bkACBYC&pg=RA1&dq=Narrative+of+the+war+in+Affghanistan+in+1838-39,+Volume+1&cd=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false PP7 ‪''Narrative Rough Notes of the war in Affghanistan Campaign in Sinde and Affghanistan‬, ‪In 1838-39, Volume 1''‬] by Sir Henry Havelock Captain James Outram, Political Agent in Sinde. 1840 (Google Books)*[http://books.google.cocom.ukau/books?id=a2Fcct3OV0QCqhwLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3&dq=PR1 ''Narrative+of+the+war+Services in+Beloochistan & Affghanistan+in+1838-39the Years 1840,+Volume+21841 &cd=1#v1842''] by Colonel Lewis Robert Stacy, Bengal Native Infantry 1848 Google Books*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=onepageklhEAAAAIAAJ&q=&fpg=false PP5 ''Narrative of the war Scenes and Adventures in Affghanistan in 1838-39, Volume 2''] by Sir Henry Havelock 1840 (William Taylor, Troop Serjeant Major of the Fourth Light Dragoons 1842 Google Books)*[http://digitalcommonsbooks.google.unlcom.eduau/cgi/viewcontent.cgibooks?articleid=1015SD1cAAAAcAAJ&contextpg=afghanenglish PP3 ''The Afghan WarsDiary of Sergeant William Hall, …, 1839late of Her Majesty’s Forty-42 First Regiment, containing The Incidents connected with two years campaign in Scinde and 1878-80Affghanistan during the late War''] by Archibald Forbes 1892 (DigitalCommons@University c 1848 Google Books. The book covers the period 1837 to 1842.The regiment sailed from the south of Nebraska - Lincoln)India in October 1840, to Karachi, from where the regiment proceeded to Afghanistan [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=SD1cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA36 page 36] *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OhMFAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Scenes+of+a+Soldiers+Life&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Scenes of in a Soldier's Life''] by J H Wilton 1848 (Google Books)*[http://www.archive.org/stream/zeilafairmaidofc00mack#page/n5/mode/2up ''Zeila, the fair maid of Cabul. A tale of the Affghan insurrection and the massacre of the British troops in the Khoord-Cabul passes''] by Charles Finch Mackenzie 1850 (archive.org). Poetry with explanatory Notes.*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=W4Y4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA327 ''A Narrative of the Affghan War'' , in a series of letters of the late Colonel Dennie: Part I], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=W4Y4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA459 Part II-Conclusion] page 327 and pages 459-484 ''The Dublin University Magazine'', Volume 20, July –December 1842 Google Books:[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=dckDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Personal Narrative of the Campaigns in Affghanistan, Sinde, Beloochistan, etc. Detailed in a series of letters of the late Colonel William H. Dennie, C.B''.] 1843 Google Books. Includes additions and corrections to the content appearing in the ''Dublin University Magazine''.*''Life of the Amîr Dost Mohammed Khan, of Kabul Volume 2'' by Mohan Lal 1846 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0dUWAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Events relating to the 1st Afghan War] Google Books*[http://books.google.com/books?id=10EoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133''Recollections of Four Years Service in the East with H M Fortieth Regiment'']- Afghanistan from 1841, page 133 by John Martin Bladen Neill (1845) Google Books. The title of the book includes the wording "The Operations of the Candahar Division of "The Avenging Army Of Affghanistan" in 1841 and 1842"*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=CucwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP3 ''Military service and adventures in the Far East: including sketches of the campaigns against the Afghans in 1839 and the Sikhs in 1845-6, Volume 1''] by Capt. Daniel Henry Mackinnon, late of the [[16th (The Queen's) Lancers|16th Lancers]], 2nd edition 1849. Google Books*[http://www.archive.org/stream/tenyearsinindiai00gouluoft#page/30/mode/2up ''Ten years in India, in the 16th Queen's Lancers''] by WJD Gould (1880). Chapter 2, covering the Afghan Campaign (Archive.org) ([http://books.google.com.au/books?id=zJ-P21_amTEC&pg=PP9 ''Volume 2'']) Google Books*[http://archive.org/stream/chareekarservice00haug#page/n3/mode/2up ''Char-ee-kar and service there with the 4th Goorkha Regiment (Shah Shooja's force) in 1841: an episode of the first Afghan War''] by Colonel Haughton 1879 Archive.org*[http://archive.org/stream/careermajorgeor01hardgoog#page/n12/mode/2up ''The Career of Major George Broadfoot, C. B., Governor General’s Agent, NW Frontier 1844-45, in Afghanistan and the Punjab''] by Major W. Broadfoot 1888 Archive.org*''Papers on subjects connected with the duties of the Corps of Royal Engineers Volume 4'' 1840 Google Books**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=COwRAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR25 "Letter from Captain George Thomson, E. I. C. Engineers, to Colonel Pasley, Royal Engineers"], page 1 includes***[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=COwRAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA3 "Memorandum of the Engineer Operations at the Taking of Ghuznee, in July, 1839] by George Thomson, Captain, Chief Engineer, Army of the Indus page 3**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=COwRAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA92 "Passage of the Indus by the Bengal portion of the Army of the Indus"] by Lieut. H. M. Durand, Bengal Engineers page 92*[http://books.google.com/books?id=7bAHAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA317 "British India: Affghanistan"] ''The Annual Register, or a View of the History and Politics of the year 1839'', page 317 Google Books*[http://www.archive.org/stream/indiarobe07robeuoft#page/310/mode/2up ''Historical geography of the British Dependencies''] Vol VII India, Part I - First Afghan War by P E Roberts 1916 (archive.org)* ''Nott's Brigade in Afghanistan, 1838-42, being the private diary of an officer who served in it from first to last'' by John Samuel Knox, published 1880 in Bombay. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.179700 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.*''Five Years in India: Comprising a Narrative of Travels in the Presidency of Bengal, a Visit to the Court of Runjeet Sing, Residence in the Himalayah Mountains, an Account of the Late Expedition to Cabul and Affghanistan, Voyage Down the Indus, and Journey Overland to England'' by Henry Edward Fane, late Aide-de-Camp to his Excellency the Commander-In-Chief in India. [https://archive.org/details/fiveyearsinindiavol1 Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/fiveyearsinindi00fanegoog Volume II] 1842 Archive.org. The author travelled with his regiment to Ceylon in 1835, where he was soon appointed to the staff of his uncle, General Sir Henry Fane, who was Commander-In-Chief in India*[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.92907/page/n3/mode/2up ''Narrative of the Late Victorious Campaign in Affghanistan, under General Pollock; with recollections of Seven Years Service in India''] by Lieutenant Greenwood, H M 31st Regiment 1844. With illustrations. Archive.org, Granth Sanjeevani Asiatic Society of Mumbai Collection. [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_00000001ADAE British Library Digital version] with rotatable pages. 2005 reprint edition titled [https://archive.org/details/campaigninafghan0000gree/page/n3/mode/2up ''The campaign in Afghanistan''] Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. The regiment was mobilised in January 1842. *[https://archive.org/stream/memoirofmajorgen00rawlrich#page/70/mode/2up ''Memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson''] Chapter VI " Life During the Great Affghan War 1839-1842", published 1898. Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/signalcatastroph00patr/mode/2up ''Kabul Catastrophe : the story of the disastrous retreat from Kabul 1842''] by Patrick Macrory 1986 edition, first published 1966 as ''Signal Catastrophe''. Later reprinted, with new Foreword and Preface, as [https://archive.org/details/retreatfromkabul00patr/page/n1/mode/2up ''Retreat from Kabul : the incredible story of how a savage Afghan force massacred the world's most powerful army''] by Patrick Macrory 2002. Both Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. *[https://archive.org/details/beyondkhyberpass0000wall ''Beyond the Khyber Pass : the road to British disaster in the First Afghan War''] by John H. Waller 1990. Archive.org Lending Library. Also available as a pdf download, [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1990-beyond-the-khyber-pass-by-john-waller-s-pdf/ PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]. If the download button does not display, locate under Books/Afghanistan. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3630 Archive.org mirror version].*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1993-afghan-wars-1839-1992-what-britain-gave-up-and-the-soviet-union-lost-by-oballance-s-pdf/ ''Afghan Wars 1839-1992– what Britain gave up and the Soviet Union lost''] by Edgar O'Ballance 1993. Pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. If the download button does not display, locate under Books/ Afghanistan. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3655/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].*[https://archive.org/details/soldiersahibsmen0000alle ''Soldier Sahibs : the men who made the North-West Frontier''] by Charles Allen 2001, first published 2000. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.*[https://archive.org/details/returnofakingthebattle ''Return of A King: The Battle for Afghanistan''] by William Dalrymple [2013] Archive.org.*Fiction **[https://archive.org/details/clevelysahibtale00haye ''Clevely Sahib: A Tale of the Khyber Pass''] by Herbert Hayens 1897 Archive.org**[https://archive.org/details/toheratandcabuls00hentiala/page/n7/mode/2up ''To Herat and Cabul : a Story of the First Afghan War''] by G A Henty (George Alfred) 1901. Archive.org **[https://archive.org/details/flashman00geor/page/n3 ''Flashman : from the Flashman papers 1839-1842''] by George MacDonald Fraser 1984 edition, first published 1969. Archive.org Lending Library. Flashman in the 1st Afghan War. *:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Flashman_Papers The Flashman Papers] Wikipedia.