Changes

*St Mary’s Charity School in the Fort was established in 1715. [http://books.google.com/books?id=pwMk4FIcpuUC&pg=RA1-PA439 Limited View Google Books] page 439, ''The Madras Tercentenary Commemoration Volume'' 1994 reprint, original 1939. Church Orphans appear to have been supported from an even earlier date. , according to page 68 [http://bookswww.googlearchive.comorg/stream/fortstgeorgemad02penngoog#page/n106/mode/books?id=gpuS_iV5B-4C&pg=PA68 Limited View Google Books] 1up page 68, ''Fort St. George, Madras'' ] by Fanny Emily Penny 2009? reprint , original 1900? Archive.org. The School provided for the education and support of a limited number of the orphans of Europeans in India, without reference to the professions of the parents of the orphans. Page 223 of this Google Books [http://books.google.com/books?id=AbYBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA223 link], published 1855.

*This Asylum was opened in 1789. <ref> Page 223 of this Google Books [http://books.google.com/books?id=AbYBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA223 link], ''A Gazetteer of Southern India: With the Tenasserim Provinces and Singapore'' published 1855.google books </ref> *This [http://spuddybike.org.uk/familyhistory/madras/MadrasMFAsylum.html link] Information about the founding of both the Female and Male Military Orphan Asylums contains information from the book is contained in [http://www.archive.org/stream/churchinmadrasbe01penn#page/508/mode/2up''The church in Madras : being the history of the ecclesiastical and missionary action of the East India Company in the presidency of Madras'' ], page 508 by Rev Frank Penny (1904)Archive.org*The Rev Dr Andrew Bell was the first Director and Superintendent of the Asylum at Egmore from 1789-1796. At the time of his appointment the system of teaching was inadequate and this lead to his founding the 'Madras System of Education' - a monitorial method whereby older pupils instructed those younger, in addition to receiving instruction from their seniors. The first monitor was a boy named John Frisken, who later became the printer of the Madras Courier. After Bell's return to the UK in 1796, this system of education was adopted in various schools both in England and also in his native Scotland.The Madras College, Fife, still recognises the influence of it's founder. For further details see [http://www.madras.fife.sch.uk/archive/articles/therevdrandrewbell.html The Rev Dr Andrew Bell] madras.fife.sch.uk. He :Bell wrote two books about the system of education he developed, giving details of the Asylum::*[http://books.google.com/books?id=eO9Prv4mOGkC ''An Analysis of the Experiment in Education, made at Egmore, near Madras'' Edition 3 (1807) 115 pages ] Google Books ([http://books.google.com/books?id=eO9Prv4mOGkC Google Books&pg=PP15 Contents] ():*[http://books.google.com/books?id=eO9Prv4mOGkC&pg=PP15 Contents]):*8nTsZVDIygIC ''The Madras School: or, Elements of Tuition: comprising the Analysis of an Experiment in Education, made at the Male Asylum, Madras; with its facts, proofs, and illustrations'' (1808) 348 pages [http://books.google.com/books?id=8nTsZVDIygIC ] Google Books] ([http://books.google.com/books?id=8nTsZVDIygIC&pg=PR11 Contents]). [http://books.google.com/books?id=8nTsZVDIygIC&pg=PA212 Page 212] onwards contains letters written by his former pupils to Dr Bell, including a listing of names from the bottom of [http://books.google.com/books?id=8nTsZVDIygIC&pg=PA218 page 218] to page 223.*The Rev James Cordiner was only schooltmaster and probably the Director from 12 June 1798 to 23 April 1799. He descibes the Male Orphan Asylum, and also briefly mentions the Female Asylum, in his book [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CTVSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA79 ''A Voyage To India''] from page 79. Google Books, published 1820.*From 1794 the brighter students at the Madras Male Orphanage, usually boys of mixed blood, were recruited to the Survey school.<ref>West, Shirley. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190405054619/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india.rootsweb.com/thread/1316102/ Revenue Surveyor] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 27 February 2011, archived.</ref> "Madras Observatory ran a surveying school from 1794 to 1810 to train teenager European orphaned boys as practical revenue surveyors".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125143502/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b66_317.pdf "Science in British India"] by RK Kochhar ''Indian Journal of History of Science'' 34(4) 1999 pp317-346 (page 329, page 13 of the link)</ref>

*From the establishment of the gun-carriage manufactory in Seringapatam in 1802, boys from the Orphan Asylum had been taken as apprentices, and in 1813 there were 13 of these lads, rated as Europeans, and allowed 5 pagodas each per month. There was a draughtsman on the staff at 15 pagodas a month as schoolmaster, and some asylum boys were still shown on the rolls up to 1834.<ref name=Ord>[http://wwwbooks.searchgoogle.fibiscom.au/books?id=URK-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA194 Page 194 ''The East India Company’s Arsenals & Manufactories''] by Brigadier-General H. A. Young, Director of Ordnance Factories in India 1917-1920 Google Books. [https://archive.org/details/eicarsenalsmanufactories/page/n5/mode/2up Archive.orgversion] of the book.</frontisref>*In June 1821, the Governor in Council authorised the formation of a corps of [[Ordnance#Carnatic Ordnance Artificers|Carnatic Ordnance Artificers]], to be recruited from the sons of Europeans born in India and to be enlisted as European soldiers. They were to come from the Orphan Asylum, the fort school, and from other charitable institutions. One of the reasons for the establishment was the desirability of providing suitable employment for a portion of the Eurasian (mixed race) population.<ref name=Ord/>*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=210&s_id=56 Entries to the Madras Military Asylum in 1825-1826] in FIBIS Search. In the majority of the cases the ” Person Recommending Boy” was stated to be the Poonamallee Asylum, (see below) perhaps suggesting transfer from this Asylum at a particular age, or amalgamation of the two Asylums, as happened with the Girls' Asylums. This could imply the boys were orphaned some years earlier.*[http://www.searchfibis.fibisourarchives.org/frontisonline/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=96&s_id=206&sort=0&st=0&np=2&tn=48 Entry to the Madras Military Male Asylum in July 1835] in FIBIS Search. This listing appears to consist of three groups

*Page 59 of this Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OG8FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA59 link], published 1842. A description of the Egmore Redoubt appears in this [http://www.thehinduhindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/23/stories/2003042300110300.htm article] in The Hindu [Newspaper]

* Drummers are mentioned in this [http://books.google.com/books?id=88UoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA191 link] published 1838 Google Books*Seven boys (of not less than twelve years of age and of ‘pure European descent‘) arrived in Sydney in February 1841. Refer [[Australia#Orphans|Australia-Orphans]]

*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA5-PA1 PA61 1864-1865 Report] Google Books. This report is in the middle of a volume of reports relating to the Civil Asylums.

*Another mention of the transfer to the Lawrence Asylum, Lovedale in September 1871 [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA11RA1-PA13 PA65 Google Books]*This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2008-05/1209973186 post] indicates that records Records for the Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum for 1829-1833 were held by the [[Lawrence Military Asylum|Lawrence Asylum]] in 1892. <ref>Cornelius, David B. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181214094617/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india.rootsweb.com/thread/2840863/ Madras Artillery] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 5 May 2008, archived. </ref> The relevant document mentioned may be viewed here on [http://www.searchfibis.fibisourarchives.org/frontisonline/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_picture&id=514&s_id=31 FIBIS Search].

*[httphttps://www.searchfibis.fibisourarchives.org/frontisonline/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=231&s_id=387&sort=0&st=0&np=20&tn=584 Madras Military Female Asylum] in FIBIS Search. The record details say: A transcription ranscription of details of several hundred orphaned girls attending the Madras Military Female Asylum in 1839. This includes some details of girls who had left the establishment between 1829 and 1838. The records have been transcribed from those found in India Office Records Collection F/4/1855 Coll. 78480. Note that prior to 1826, orphaned girls of soldiers of the British Army attended a separate asylum at [[Poonamallee]]. The two institutions were combined in 1826.

*This [http://spuddybike.org.uk/familyhistory/madras/MadrasMFAsylum.html linkThe Madras Male and Female Asylums] (spuddybike.org.uk) about the founding of both the Female and Male Military Orphan Asylums contains information from the book ''The church in Madras : being the history of the ecclesiastical and missionary action of the East India Company in the presidency of Madras'' by Rev Frank Penny (1904)

*View a 1860 record, part of [http://wwwfibis.search.fibisourarchives.org/frontisonline/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_picture&id=17&s_id=31 FIBIS Documents]

[[Poonamallee]] is a town about 15 miles from Madras. An asylum for the children of [[British Army]] soldiers, was established in 1819. See [http://books.google.com/books?id=26sEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA195 page 195] ''The Calcutta Annual Register'' (1821) Google Books. It is not clear how long this Asylum continued. All the girls were transferred to the MMFOA in 1826. All the boys may have been transferred at this time also,with only very young boys remaining under the care of the Poonamallee Asylum, such as those who appear to have been transferred to the MMMOA in 1835.

*This Google Books [http://books.google.com/books?id=AbYBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA224 link], published 1855, refers page 224 to the Black Town Orphan Asylums and says a Free Day School for Boys was established in 1807, which in turn led to the establishment of a Female Asylum in 1815, and a Male Asylum in 1823.*The Annual report of the Madras Free Schools dated January 1, 1815 stated that the Female Free Orphan Asylum was due to open in April [1815]. The Male Free School had completed its eighth year, and the Female Free School its fifth. Page 178 [http://books.google.com/books?id=ALyzw0pTNmsC&pg=PA178 Google Books]

::#The Asylums were never intended for illegitimate children (1876 Report, [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA15RA5-PA6 PA2 page 6]), and::#The Woolley Fund supported children of destitute Europeans (1876 Report, [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA15-PA2 PA168 page 2]):There are numerous mentions of children throughout the report, pages with most names have been specified.reports:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR6 PP7 1859-1860] [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA23 Rules 1861PP13 Statement of the Objects]:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1PR9-PA39 1861IA7 1860-186261]:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2PR9-PA33 1863IA37 Rules in 1861]:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA4PR23 1861-PR1 18641862] :*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA5-PA16 Some namesPR61 1863] :*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA5-PA18-IA1 1866PA29 1864] :*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA6-PA20 Some namesPA89 1866] , [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA6RA1-PA41 Routines in the Male AsylumPA20 Orphans registered for admission] , [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA6RA1-PA45 Routines PA33 Rules in the Female Asylum1866]:*, [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA6RA1-PA49 1867PA41 By Laws for the Male Asylum] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA7RA1-PA17 Some namesPA45 Female Asylum]:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA7RA1-PA47 1868PR1 1867] [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA8RA1-PA10 Some namesPR25 Orphans registered for admission]:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA8RA1-PA35 1869PR55 1868]:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA9-PA33 1870PR101 1869] [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA10-PA1 History] *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA10RA2-PA23 Some namesPA33 1870]:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA10RA1-PA41 PA51 1871].This [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA11RA1-PA13 PA65 link] , page 13, shows the amalgamation with St Mary’s Church Charity School and the move to the Egmore premises in January 1872, recently made vacant by the move of the Military Male Asylum boys to the [[Lawrence Military Asylum|Lawrence Asylum]] at Lovedale, near Ootacamund. [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA11RA1-PA23 Some namesPA87 Two newspaper articles] :*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA11RA1-PA35 Two newspaper articlesPA89 1873]:*(note some pages are duplicated) [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA12-PA1 1873PA114 Pages 10 and 11] Girls who passed the Teachers test examination and mention of 5 former pupils working as teachers. [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA12RA4-PA11 Page 11PA48 Newspaper article] shows the girls now working as school teachers.:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA12RA2-PA59 PA58, 1874] (first pages). Duplication then occurs. Go to [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA13RA2-PA9 Some namesPA76 1874 report] which continue for the next few (further duplication report has 37 pages) [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA78 Page 3 ] mentions former pupils working as teachers.:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA13RA1-PA41 PA113 1875]. [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA14-PA4 PA120 Pages 4 and 5] show the number of girls who had passed the Goverment Government Examinations Teachers' Test recently and during the time of the previous Headmistress, Miss Harriman.:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA14-PA47 PA161 1876] [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA15RA4-PA42 Children on the Woolley Fund] pages 42, 43 

*The name was changed to St George’s School and Orphanage in 1954 according to this the article [http://www.thehinduhindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/23/stories/2003042300110300.htm article"From Redoubt to school"] by S. Muthiah in ''The Hindu '' [Newspaper]dated 23 April 2003 . It continues on today.Further article [http://www.thehindu.com/arts/survivors-of-time-the-bell-still-tolls/article2221434.ece "Survivors of time - The bell still tolls"] by Anusha Parthasarathy ''The Hindu'' 12 July 2011 == References ==<references /> 

[[Category:SocietyOrphans]]