Difference between revisions of "Punjab"

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[[Image:Punjab_district_map.jpg|thumb|400px|Map showing its districts and princely states]]  
 
[[Image:Punjab_district_map.jpg|thumb|400px|Map showing its districts and princely states]]  
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'''Punjab''' was a British province between 1849 and 1947 that was part of the [[Bengal Presidency]]. The Punjab region covers the area of the two modern states of the same name (one on each side of the India-Pakistan border) as well as the Indian state of Haryana. At one time it also included the [[North West Frontier Province]] (until 1901) and [[Delhi]].
 
  
 +
'''Punjab''' referred to the areas between the five rivers which were Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej and which were the territory of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Empire Sikh Empire]. The present Punjab region covers the area of the two modern states of the same name (one on each side of the India-Pakistan border) as well as the Indian state of Haryana.
  
 
==History==
 
==History==
−
The entire province became part of British India in 1849 after the [[2nd Sikh War]].  
+
Following the [[2nd Sikh War]] the Punjab was annexed by the British in 1849 and became part of the [[Bengal Presidency]]. In 1901 Lord Curzon authorised the division of Punjab. The [[North West Frontier Province]] was created with five districts and five agencies. [[Delhi]] was separated to become the new capital. The remaining part of Punjab formed a separate province which was subsequently partitioned between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] in 1947.
  
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In 1901, Lord Curzon, authorised the creation of a new province out of Punjab. The North West Frontier Province was formed with 5 districts: Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Hazara, Kohat and Peshawar, of the old province.
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====Government====
−
 
 
−
Delhi was separated to form part of the new capital.
 
−
 
 
−
The remaining parts of Punjab was partitioned between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] in 1947.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===Government===
 
 
* 1897-1920: Council of the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab.  
 
* 1897-1920: Council of the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab.  
 
* 1921-1936: Punjab Legislative Council  
 
* 1921-1936: Punjab Legislative Council  
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* 1937-1947: Punjab Legislative Assembly  
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* 1937-1947: Punjab Legislative Assembly<br>
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+
: [http://www.pap.gov.pk/html/1193897152_e.shtml Legislators]
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'''Legislators'''
 
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* [http://www.pap.gov.pk/html/1193897152_e.shtml List]
 
  
 
==Capital==
 
==Capital==
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* [[Murree]] (Winter capital until 1870s)
 
* [[Murree]] (Winter capital until 1870s)
  
 +
==Divisions==
 +
At the turn of the 20th century there were five administrative divisions:
 +
* Delhi
 +
* Jullunder
 +
* Lahore
 +
* Multan
 +
* Rawalpindi
 +
 +
==Districts and other areas==
 +
To see divisions and districts in Punjab Province at the turn of the 20th century with their headquarter towns see [[Punjab Districts]]. Not all districts existed at the same time. Below is an attempt to list all districts that existed at one time or another under British rule.
 +
 +
====In India====
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* [[Amritsar District]]
 +
* [[Gurdaspur District]]
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* [[Hissar District]]
 +
 +
====In Pakistan====
 +
* [[Attock District]]
 +
* [[Chenab Colony]]
 +
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District]]
 +
* [[Gujranwala District]]
 +
* [[Jhang District]]
 +
* [[Jhelum District]]
 +
* [[Lahore District]]
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* [[Lyallpur District]]
 +
* [[Mianwali District]]
 +
* [[Montgomery District]] (now Sahiwal District)
 +
* [[Multan District]]
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* [[Muzaffargarh District]]
 +
* [[Rawalpindi District]]
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* [[Shahpur District]]
 +
* [[Sheikhupura District]]
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* [[Sialkot District]]
 +
 +
====NWFP====
 +
These 5 districts were part of Punjab until 1901 when they were separated to form the new province.
 +
* [[Bannu District]]
 +
* [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
 +
* [[Hazara District]]
 +
* [[Kohat District]]
 +
* [[Peshawar District]]
  
 
==Cities and Towns==
 
==Cities and Towns==
−
===In India===
+
====In India====
 
* [[Amritsar]]
 
* [[Amritsar]]
 
* [[Batala]]
 
* [[Batala]]
 
* [[Delhi]]
 
* [[Delhi]]
−
* [[Ferozepur]]
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* [[Ferozepore|Ferozepur]]
 
* [[Gurdaspur]]
 
* [[Gurdaspur]]
 
* [[Hoshiarpur]]
 
* [[Hoshiarpur]]
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* [[Simla]]
 
* [[Simla]]
  
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===In Pakistan===
+
====In Pakistan====
−
* [[Attock]] (Cambellpur City)
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* [[Attock]]  
−
* [[Attock Khurd]]
 
 
* [[Bhera]]
 
* [[Bhera]]
−
* [[Chilianwala]]
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* [[Campbellpur]]
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* [[Chillianwala]]
 
* [[Chiniot]]
 
* [[Chiniot]]
 
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
 
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
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* [[Khewra]]
 
* [[Khewra]]
 
* [[Khushab]]
 
* [[Khushab]]
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* Lahore
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* [[Lahore]]
 
* [[Lyallpur]] (now Faisalabad)
 
* [[Lyallpur]] (now Faisalabad)
 
* [[Montgomery]] (now Sahiwal)
 
* [[Montgomery]] (now Sahiwal)
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==Princely States==
 
==Princely States==
−
===India===
+
====India====
 
* [[Chamba State]]
 
* [[Chamba State]]
 
* [[Faridkot State]]
 
* [[Faridkot State]]
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* [[Patiala State ]]  
 
* [[Patiala State ]]  
  
−
 
+
====Pakistan====
−
===Pakistan===
 
 
* [[Bahawalpur State]]  
 
* [[Bahawalpur State]]  
  
  
−
==Divisions==
 
−
The province was divided into 10 divisions (1870):
 
−
* Amritsar
 
−
* Delhi
 
−
* Derajat
 
−
* Hissar
 
−
* Jalunder
 
−
* Lahore
 
−
* Multan
 
−
* Peshawar
 
−
* Rawalpindi
 
−
* Umballa
 
−
 
−
 
−
==Districts and Other Areas==
 
−
Not all districts existed at the same time. This list is an attempt to list all districts that existed at one time or another under British rule.
 
−
 
−
===In India===
 
−
* [[Amritsar District]]
 
−
* [[Gurdaspur District]]
 
−
* [[Hissar District]]
 
−
 
−
 
−
===In Pakistan===
 
−
* [[Attock District]]
 
−
* [[Chenab Colony]]
 
−
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District]]
 
−
* [[Gujranwala District]]
 
−
* [[Jhang District]]
 
−
* [[Jhelum District]]
 
−
* [[Lahore District]]
 
−
* [[Lyallpur District]]
 
−
* [[Mianwali District]]
 
−
* [[Montgomery District]] (now Sahiwal District)
 
−
* [[Multan District]]
 
−
* [[Muzaffargarh District]]
 
−
* [[Rawalpindi District]]
 
−
* [[Shahpur District]]
 
−
* [[Sheikhupura District]]
 
−
* [[Sialkot District]]
 
−
 
−
 
−
====NWFP====
 
−
These 5 districts were part of Punjab until 1901 when they were separated to form the new province.
 
−
 
−
* [[Bannu District]]
 
−
* [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
 
−
* [[Hazara District]]
 
−
* [[Kohat District]]
 
−
* [[Peshawar District]]
 
  
 
== External Links ==
 
== External Links ==
−
'''Wikipedia:'''
+
====Wikipedia====
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28British_India%29 Punjab (British India)]  
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28British_India%29 Punjab (British India)]  
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_region Punjab Region]  
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_region Punjab Region]  
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(India) Punjab (India)]  
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(India) Punjab (India)]  
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan) Punjab (Pakistan)]  
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan) Punjab (Pakistan)]  
 +
 +
====Historical books on-line ====
 +
*''Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan, and the Panjab: including a Residence in Those Countries from 1826 to 1838'' by Charles Masson 1842 Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KBAlciGlDMMC&pg=PR3 Volume1], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KlJFAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR1  Volume 2], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=lFJFAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume 3]
 +
*''Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan, the Panjab, and Kalât, During a Residence in Those Countries: To which is Added an Account of the Insurrection at Kalât, and a Memoir on Eastern Balochistan'' by Charles Masson 1844 Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=MtYWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume 1], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RNYWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume 2], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=WNYWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume 3], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=dNYWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR4 Volume 4]
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*[http://books.google.com/books?id=lGwoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA225 "The Administration of the Punjab"], page 225 ''The Calcutta Review'', Volume 20, July-December 1853 Google Books
 +
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=QRYYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA445 "Life in the Punjab"] ''The Calcutta Review'' Volume 26, January-June 1856  Google Books
 +
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LZ8IAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''General Report of the Administration of the Punjab Proper for the years 1849-50 and 1850-51 being the first two years after annexation''] 1854 Google Books
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*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=AAmzAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''Selections from the records of the Government of India (Foreign Department), Issue 6: General Report on the Administration of the Punjab Territories for the years 1851-52 and 1852-53''] 1854 Google Books
 +
*''The Annals of Indian Administration'', edited by Meredith Townsend and later George Smith. Selected extracts from the Records of the Indian, Bengal, Madras Bombay, NWP, and Punjab and perhaps other Governments. Google Books. Many additional volumes up to Volume 19 1873-74 may be viewed online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.
 +
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OqsEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7 Part I 1856], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=YrAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR6 Part VI 1858], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jrAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7  Volume 3, Part 2 June 1859], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p7AEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR4 Volume 4, Part 1 March 1860], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=frIEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 14 1868-69].
 +
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=sJwIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''Selections from the Public Correspondence of the Punjab Government Volume IV No 2: I Correspondence regarding Tea Plantations in the Punjab Provinces II Papers regarding the insalubrity of the Peshawur valley''] 1859 Google Books
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*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HB0TAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5  ''The Punjab Record or Reference Book for Civil Officers Volume 3 1868''] Google Books
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*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5  ''The Punjab Record or Reference Book for Civil Officers Volume 4 1869''] Contains circulars, with indexes, for 1869. Each section is numbered separately:[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 Financial Circular Orders]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 Police Department Orders], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA1 commencing here]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP23  Account Department Orders];  [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP31  Jail Department Orders]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP35  Registration Circular Orders]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1  Supreme Government Orders],  [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PA1 commencing here]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR21  Punjab Government Orders],  [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA4-PA1 commencing here]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR29 Selections from the records of the Office of the Financial Commissioner, Punjab 1869] Google Books
 +
*''The Punjab Record or Reference Book for Civil Officers'' Archive.org
 +
:[https://archive.org/details/punjabrecordorre07lahouoft Volume VII 1872], [http://archive.org/stream/punjabrecordorre09lahouoft#page/n3/mode/2up Volume IX 1874], [http://archive.org/stream/punjabrecordorre14lahouoft#page/n3/mode/2up Volume XIV 1879], [http://archive.org/stream/punjabrecordorre17lahouoft#page/n3/mode/2up Volume XVII 1882],  [http://archive.org/stream/punjabrecord01unkngoog#page/n4/mode/2up Part II-Executive Volume XXXVII 1902],  [http://archive.org/stream/punjabrecord00courgoog#page/n4/mode/2up Part II-Executive Volume XLI 1906]. Further volumes are available at [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%22Punjab+Record%22&sort=-date Archive.org]
 +
*[http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/handle/10973/4892 ''Commerce by river in the Punjab (1861-62 to 1871-72) or a Survey of the Marine Department of the Government of the Punjab''] by Faqir Chand Arrora 1930. GIPE Pune Digitised Books
 +
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=M-EJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP11 ''Hand-book of the Economic Products of the Punjab: With a Combined Index and Glossary of Technical Vernacular Words: Volume I Economic Raw Produce''] by Baden H Powell, H M Bengal Civil Service.  1868 Google Books
 +
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Kk8aAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 ''‪Hand-book of the Manufactures and Arts of the Punjab: Forming Vol. II to the "Hand-book of the Economic Products of the Punjab."‬''] by B H Baden Powell, H M Bengal Civil Service 1872 Google Books
 +
*[https://archive.org/details/punjaubnorthwest00oldp  ''The Punjaub and North-West Frontier of India''] 
by An Old Punjaubee. 1878 Archive.org
 +
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/reportonadminis00lahogoog#page/n3/mode/2up  ''Report on the Administration of the Punjab and its Dependencies for 1881-82''] 1882 Archive.org
 +
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookpanjbwe01eastgoog#page/n6/mode/1up ''Handbook of the Panjab, Western Rajputana, Kashmir, and Upper Sindh'']  by Edward B. Eastwick, published by John Murray 1883 Archive.org (Volume 4 in a series of Handbooks)
 +
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/landfiveriversa01rossgoog#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh: Sketches Historical and Descriptive''] by David Ross 1883 Archive.org. Note that page 1 (at least) is missing, which may be obtained from this [http://www.archive.org/stream/landfiveriversa00rossgoog#page/n12/mode/2up link]
 +
*[http://archive.org/stream/thirtyfiveyearsi00elsm#page/n7/mode/2up ''Thirty-five years in the Punjab, 1858-1893''] by G. R. Elsmie. "The last Haileybury Civilian who worked in that Province" 1908 Archive.org
 +
*[http://archive.org/stream/imperialgazette05unkngoog#page/n4/mode/2up  ''Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series Punjab Volume II The Lahore, Rawalpindi and Multan Divisions and Native States''] 1908 Archive.org
 +
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/punjabdisturbanc01lahouoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette''] 1919 Archive.org
 +
*[http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=7255&page=1&CategoryID=1  ''The Punjab And The War''] compiled by M S Leigh  ICS  1922  Panjab Digital Library. This book may  also be read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.
 +
*[http://panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/mainpage.jsp Panjab Digital Library]. It is necessary to register to read more than the first few pages of each book.
 +
**The collection includes a number of [http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/mainpage.jsp?CategoryID=1&Searched=Gazetteer&x=16&y=12  ''Punjab District Gazetteers''] (The spelling also includes [http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/mainpage.jsp?CategoryID=1&Searched=Gazeteer&x=20&y=9 Gazeteer]/ [http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/mainpage.jsp?CategoryID=1&Searched=Gazetter&typebox=1 Gazetter]/ [http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/mainpage.jsp?CategoryID=1&Searched=Gazeetter&x=13&y=9 Gazeetter])
 +
*Many ''Punjab District Gazetteers'' are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website, including
 +
**''Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XXVIIIA, Rawalpindi District 1907'', published 1909."Table of Contents" commences computer page 8.
 +
*''European Adventurers Of Northern India 1785 to 1849'' by C. Grey first published in 1929 may be read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website. It is also available to download as a pdf file from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]]. A description of the book says “This is a record of the adventurers, buccaneers, buffoons and entrepeneurs who cut a swathe through the heart of the Raj, before and during the golden age of British-ruled India.”<ref>[http://www.naval-military-press.com/european-adventurers-of-northern-india-1785-to-1849.html Naval and Military Press]</ref> Read more about the book in this link from  [http://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/historical-events/the-british-and-sikhs-1849-1947/european-adventurers-of-northern-india The Sikh Encyclopedia]. It contains biographical sketches of over one hundred Europeans who came to or served in the Punjab during Sikh times.
 +
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=V2AoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 ''The rifle in Cashmere : a narrative of shooting expeditions in Ladak, Cashmere, Punjaub, etc., with advice on travelling, shooting, and stalking : to which are added notes on army reform and Indian politics''] by Arthur Brinckman, late of HM’s 94th Regt. 1862 Google Books 
 +
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b52048?urlappend=%3Bseq=11 ''Vazeeri Rupi, the silver country of the Vazeers, in Kulu: its beauties, antiquities, and silver mines. Including a trip over the lower Himalayah range and glaciers. With numerous illustrations''] by J. Calvert. 2nd Edition 1873 Hathi Trust. Kulu (Kooloo), Punjab is situated in the hills between Kashmir and Simla.
 +
*[https://archive.org/details/lightsshadesofhi00gore ''Lights & Shades of Hill Life in the Afghan and Hindu Highlands of the Punjab, a Contrast'']  by F St J Gore 1895 Archive.org. With photographs by the author. Part I Kulu. Part II Kuram.
 +
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== References ==
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<references />
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'''Historical online books:'''
 
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*[http://books.google.com/books?id=QRYYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA445 "Life in the Punjab"] ''Calcutta Review'' Volume 26, January-June 1856  (Google Books)
 
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*[http://www.archive.org/stream/punjabdisturbanc01lahouoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette''] 1919 Archive.org
 
 
[[Category:Locations]]
 
[[Category:Locations]]
 
[[Category:Provinces]]
 
[[Category:Provinces]]

Revision as of 11:49, 2 July 2015

Map showing its districts and princely states

Punjab referred to the areas between the five rivers which were Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej and which were the territory of the Sikh Empire. The present Punjab region covers the area of the two modern states of the same name (one on each side of the India-Pakistan border) as well as the Indian state of Haryana.

History

Following the 2nd Sikh War the Punjab was annexed by the British in 1849 and became part of the Bengal Presidency. In 1901 Lord Curzon authorised the division of Punjab. The North West Frontier Province was created with five districts and five agencies. Delhi was separated to become the new capital. The remaining part of Punjab formed a separate province which was subsequently partitioned between India and Pakistan in 1947.

Government

  • 1897-1920: Council of the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab.
  • 1921-1936: Punjab Legislative Council
  • 1937-1947: Punjab Legislative Assembly
Legislators

Capital

Divisions

At the turn of the 20th century there were five administrative divisions:

  • Delhi
  • Jullunder
  • Lahore
  • Multan
  • Rawalpindi

Districts and other areas

To see divisions and districts in Punjab Province at the turn of the 20th century with their headquarter towns see Punjab Districts. Not all districts existed at the same time. Below is an attempt to list all districts that existed at one time or another under British rule.

In India

In Pakistan

NWFP

These 5 districts were part of Punjab until 1901 when they were separated to form the new province.

Cities and Towns

In India

In Pakistan

Princely States

India

Pakistan


External Links

Wikipedia

Historical books on-line

Volume VII 1872, Volume IX 1874, Volume XIV 1879, Volume XVII 1882, Part II-Executive Volume XXXVII 1902, Part II-Executive Volume XLI 1906. Further volumes are available at Archive.org

References

  1. ↑ Naval and Military Press

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