FIBIwiki - User contributions [en]

James Macnabb Campbell

2020-07-19T10:41:39Z

Deipnosophista: Created page with "James Macnabb Campbell was an official in the Bombay civil service, appointed on 30 September 1869, promoted from Grade VI to Grade V on 9 October 1873, made a Fellow of the U..."

James Macnabb Campbell was an official in the Bombay civil service, appointed on 30 September 1869, promoted from Grade VI to Grade V on 9 October 1873, made a Fellow of the University of Bombay in February 1874, and attending the funeral of a Mr Havelock in November 1876. He may have been the same as the James Campbell appointed to draw up a Gazetteer of Bombay in September 1874<ref>Times of India</ref>.

62nd Regiment of Foot

2019-06-14T17:21:26Z

Deipnosophista:

[[Image:Wiltshir.gif|thumb|250px|right|Cap Badge]]
Also known as '''The Wiltshire Regiment'''.

== Chronology ==
*'''1756''' raised as 2nd Battalion 4th Regiment of Foot
*'''1758''' became the 62nd Regiment of Foot
*'''1782''' became the 62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment
*'''1881''' amalgamated with the [[99th Regiment of Foot|99th Duke of Edinburgh's (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot]] to become the 1st Battalion of the Duke of Edinburgh’s (Wiltshire) Regiment
*'''1921''' became The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh’s).
*'''1959''' amalgamated into The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire)

== History ==
{{Template:Origin|text=This history of the Wiltshire Regiment (62nd Foot) is largely extracted from 'The Story of The Wiltshire Regiment ' by Colonel N.C.E. Kenrick, D.S.O. (1963). It has for the most part been extracted verbatim, with some sections taken out for the sake of brevity. It focuses only on that period when the regiment was in India.}}
==== 1830-1832 ====
'''''See also [[Bangalore Mutiny]]'''''

In June 1830, the 62nd sailed to India. Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed disembarked at [[Madras]] in September with three Companies, and camped at Marmalong Bridge outside the City, before marching to [[Bangalore]], where the rest of the Regiment joined them in November.

The following year, in May, the Flank Companies marched to join a Force at [[Shimoga]], 150 miles away, to quell Mahratta disturbances in the Nugger Province in North-west [[Mysore]]. Their presence restored order and the 62nd's Companies returned to Bangalore. All was quiet in Bangalore till October 1832, when a native conspiracy might well have resulted in the death of all the Europeans. An insurrection had been planned whereby the native troops and population, assisted by the Pindaris, who were roving freebooter terrorists, mostly outlaws from various tribes, were to rise on the night of 28th October. Five hundred conspirators would be admitted through the gates of Bangalore Fort by native soldiers. They were to kill General Hawker in his quarters instantly, cut down the 62nd's sentries on the magazine and seize it. The code word for the gate to be opened was "Tipoo Sahib," the name of an Indian adventurer and usurper killed in Mysore by the British some thirty years before. Once the fort was captured, the Indian cavalry and artillerymen were to cut loose all the horses of the British 13th Light Dragoons, and kill the white gunners. The Pindaris would then be called in to carry out the general slaughter. Fortunately the plot was discovered by a Eurasian Drummer in the 48th Native Infantry; faithful to the European side of his ancestry, he revealed it. Guards were strengthened, the Indian ringleaders seized, and the 39th Foot and other reinforcements brought in from [[Poonamallee]]. Punishment was condign, four of the conspirators were blown from cannon, two were shot, and the remainder transported for life.

==== The March to [[Masulipatam]] ====
Early in 1833, after an influenza epidemic, the Regiment received orders to march from Bangalore to relieve the 45th Foot at [[Masulipatam]]. This lay 400 miles to the North-east on the coast, and was the most unhealthy station in the Madras Command, if not in the whole of India. Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed made strenuous efforts for the Regiment to be allowed to make the second half of the journey by sea from Madras. His reasons were that to go by land would entail a two months' march through districts infested with cholera and famine. All entreaties were in vain, and the 62nd set out on the 18th February about 500 strong, at the start of a most disastrous period lasting for two years. The route lay due east through Kolar towards Madras, and on 1st March a halt was made at [[Chittoor]], where cholera was raging and claimed its first victim. This was the wife of a Private Soldier, Mrs Steven Shipway, who died at Kolcherry, nine miles on, when the march was resumed northwards two days later. Some of the men fell sick at Kolcherry, and five were buried there that morning. together with a child belonging to the Regimental Surgeon, Doctor Radford. Twelve days later the Regiment reached [[Nellore]], cholera casualties having occurred all the way, both among the soldiers and the inhabitants living along the route. Large numbers of half-starved natives had been procured to carry the sick in blankets slung on sticks. Daily this had become more difficult, and the cattle drawing the baggage carts died from fatigue and want of forage, the countryside being scorched and bare from the long drought. Nellore lay to the northeast near the sea, and here the 62nd camped for five days in a large Tamarind plantation on the bank of the Pennair River. Additional medical aid was received from [[Madras]], the cholera abated, and was thought to have ceased when the march northwards was resumed. It soon returned. Five days later the Regiment reached the sea at Ramapatam, camping almost on the beach for a night before marching on along the shore to Cavador. On 9th April they reached Vellasor on the estuary of the Kistna. The cholera epidemic had lessened, and, crossing the river next day, they arrived at Masulipatam. The Regiment camped on a salt water marsh until the 45th Foot marched out on 16th April en route for [[Secunderabad]], when they occupied Masulipatam Fort. The 62nd had buried nearly a quarter of their number on the journey, and of those remaining, only 100 were fit for duty. On 21st May the usual hot and violent winds set in, and fifty men a day for three days were admitted to hospital, principally with apoplexy and sunstroke. Many more deaths occurred, only forty-four men being fit for duty, Garrison Guards were discontinued and Regimental Guards decreased. Shortly afterwards, when the Regiment had to parade for the reading of a Government Proclamation, only four weak Divisions could be mustered. The three Officers on parade were the Commanding Officer, his acting Adjutant, and a Subaltern who carried one of the Colours, the other being borne by a Sergeant. An immediate report was made, and the General Commanding in Madras ordered the Regiment to move to Vizagapatam, 200 miles northeast along the coast. This was countermanded by the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], who ordered a Medical Committee of Investigation. Besides cholera, the 62nd were then afflicted with dysentery in a malignant form which killed within twelve hours. In August, when the Medical Committee assembled, the only men fit for duty in the whole Regiment were two Subalterns. The Committee recommended a sea trip for over 200 of the 62nd, and all those sufficiently recovered embarked in the 'Abberton', a chartered transport of 600 tons. The Commanding Officer and 154 others sailed on 27th August for a six weeks' cruise in the Bay of Bengal, visiting the Nicobar and Andaman islands. A large number of men convalescing from cholera and dysentery, and crowded on board a small ship with rudimentary sanitation, were not likely to regain their health by sailing through tropical seas in light marching order. Eleven men died at sea, and most of the remainder were readmitted to hospital on their return with dropsy and scurvy, from which many more died.

The following March Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed returned to England on two years' sick leave, but died early in 1836 from fever contracted at Masulipatam. Back in Masulipatam the depleted Regiment enjoyed better health in the early part of 1834, but the June rains brought on violent attacks of fever, ague and dysentery. The hospital was crowded, part of the barracks had to be turned into wards and deaths averaged seven a day. Another report was sent to the Commander-in-Chief in India, who was up in the [[Nilgiri Hills|Nilghiri Hills]] in Mysore. He at once ordered the 62nd to move to Moulmein in Burma, and Masulipatam ceased to be a European military station.

==== Moulmein ====

On 8th September the Regiment embarked for Burma. Only fifteen men appeared on parade, the remainder being hospital cases. In sixteen months at [[Masulipatam]] the total number of deaths came to 3 Officers, 187 Rank and File, and 115 women and children. During the ten-day voyage across the Bay of Bengal, a further twenty-four men, women and children died, and there were none strong enough to act as Pall Bearers. In October a welcome Draft arrived from England, nearly 300 strong, but by the end of the year a further fifty-eight deaths had occurred from diseases caught in India. Since leaving Bangalore the Regiment had lost about three-quarters of its men and many of their families, and all to no purpose. The recent Draft far outnumbered the remainder. With the New Year, health rapidly improved in Moulmein and the surrounding Tennaserim Provinces. Another large draft from England arrived later in 1835, and early the following year further reinforcements brought the rank and file up to 700. The 62nd began to revive, and spent four more years in Burma.

In 1837 the old King of Burma was dethroned by his brother Tharawaddy who ignored both the British Resident and the treaty with the East India Company. War threatened but a show of strength by British warships and troops calmed things down. In 1838 the situation was permanently improved by the arrival of a sloop of war and a new British Resident at [[Rangoon]]. The following year a Burmese plot came to light for the burning of the town and magazine at Moulmein, prompt action by the 62nd preventing this. In 1840 further substantial Drafts arrived from England, and Brigadier George Hillier again went to Calcutta because of ill-health, only to die there of apoplexy. No ships arrived from [[Calcutta]] for two months, which upset both communications and supplies. Affairs had assumed a threatening aspect in India by the middle of the year, and the 62nd were ordered there.

==== Return to India ====

In September and October the 62nd sailed from Burma to Calcutta. A Draft of 100 men from England awaited them in [[Fort William]]. Their records stated, "By November the temptations which Calcutta presented had tended much to injure the morale and regularity of the Corps." On 5th November they started on a month's march to Hazaribagh, 2,000 feet up in the hills of Bihar. On the very first day the old scourge of cholera broke out again. Twenty-two men died on the way, making fifty-six deaths in all since leaving Burma. The families and the sick went up the Ganges by boat to [[Dinapore]], and were then faced with thirteen days' march South to [[Hazaribagh]]. This station had been chosen for European troops as having one of the coolest and most temperate climates in India, but the barracks, though large, were badly built, and the water was impure.
Early in 1841, a Draft of fifty recruits brought cholera with them from Calcutta. The Regiment's Assistant Surgeon committed suicide, and the Chaplain died of the disease. The June rains set in and there were 150 men in hospital, 38 of whom had died by September. The following month the 62nd relieved the 50th Foot in Calcutta. Sickness again increased with the advent of the hot weather, there being over 200 of the rank and file in hospital in April and May, with much cholera and many deaths. This was attributed in the main to the climate, "but was no doubt augmented . . . by the great extent of intemperance which prevailed in the Regiment to an amount unparalleled in its records."

==== The Loss of the Colours ====

At the end of July, the 10th Foot arrived from England, and the young Springers relieved the old Springers in [[Fort William]]. On 11th August the first Division of the 62nd set off in boats up the River Ganges for [[Dinapore]], near [[Patna]]. All went well till 6th September, when a violent storm arose at two o'clock in the morning. The flotilla was moored to the bank opposite a place called Sickree Gully, near Bhagalpur. Many of the boats were blown from the shore and swamped, two lieutenants, forty-three of the rank and file and eighteen women and children were drowned. Colonel and Mrs Reed had the narrowest escape, their pinnace being blown loose and on to her beam-ends. The occupants managed to scramble out and cling to the sides, the Colonel and his wife doing so through the window of the after-cabin. In this position they drifted down with the current for three hours, the boat rolling from side to side but fortunately never righting, in which case she would have sunk. There were people on the banks and plenty of boats there, but their cries for help were ignored. At daybreak the dinghy was discovered, still attached to the stern by a rope. Scrambling into this they gradually righted the pinnace and half baled her out, and all were safely landed at Rajmahal. About fifty of the rank and file, who had also drifted downstream in their boats, collected here. A steamer was sent from Bhagalpur in which, with the Colonel, they overtook the Regiment. The Colours and the regimental records had been in the pinnace, and all went to the bottom of the river. All of the Officers' Mess silver was lost for good, except for a silver snuff box which was being used at the time by the Adjutant. The Regiment reached Dinapore on 1st October 1842.

==== The Punjab and the 1st Sikh War ====
'''''See also [[1st Sikh War]]'''''

In December, 1844 the 62nd were relieved by the 39th Foot, and started their march to the [[Punjab]]. In February 1845 they reached [[Delhi]], and they arrived at [[Ferozepore]], in March. The 62nd's barracks were still in the process of building, as a British Regiment was not normally stationed there; the aggressive attitude of the Sikhs beyond the River Sutlej determining the change in policy. For two months the Regiment camped out, and when they moved into ten barrack blocks in May, there were still no doors to the buildings and no officers' quarters. By now the hot weather had come, and once again cholera struck the Regiment. They always seem fated to be in a part of India rife with the disease, and there was much of it in the Punjab during that month of June. In this Asiatic variety the victims turned black and suffered cramp in the limbs, but stood every chance of recovery if they survived the first forty-eight hours. The Regimental hospital was not ready till July, and the sick had to be accommodated in one belonging to the Native Infantry. In September there were 170 men in hospital, and, by the outbreak of the [[1st Sikh War]] in December, 126 men had died from cholera and apoplexy. Ferozepore was just South-East of the River Sutlej, which formed the boundary between that part of the Punjab ruled by the Sikhs and the territory governed by the British. The 62nd's barracks lay in a great sandy plain without a tree or a blade of grass. A mile away was the old city, with the Frontier Treasury and Military Headquarters.

The Sikh religion had much in common with that of the Hindus, but with no caste system. The Sikhs never cut their black hair or beards, wore a comb in their hair, a short sword or dagger, a steel bracelet and a pair of short drawers. Tall and strong, they had an intensive military enthusiasm, and called themselves the Khalsa, the chosen brotherhood of the elect. For the past six years the "Sikh" Punjab had seen a ceaseless struggle for power between the Army and the Government with much intrigue and strife. All Sikhs were, however, united in the expectation of a British attack. Late in 1845 they moved to invade British India from a variety of motives; forestalment and self-preservation were two of them, but the thirst of the soldiers for power, natural pugnacity, and a desire on the part of the Government to involve their own Army in something other than internal strife, were greater influences. On 21st November the Sikh Army, in great numbers and with a large train of artillery, left their capital of [[Lahore]] and marched South-East towards the Sutlej, fifty miles away. Their progress was marked by the firing of guns at each daily halt. Foreseeing trouble, the British Governor-General in India, Sir Henry Hardinge, had taken certain steps. At Ferozepore, Major-General Littler now commanded a Division, though it was only 6,000 strong. Farther East, 11,000 more troops had been assembled at Ludhiana and Ambala under the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], [[Hugh Gough|General Sir Hugh Gough]], and the Governor-General himself. From now on, Light Cavalry Patrols were very active from Ferozepore, and, in early December, the 62nd started sleeping fully dressed with laced boots, and muskets by their cots. On 11th December the Sikhs commenced crossing the Sutlej about fourteen miles above Ferozepore to the North-east, and had some 12,000 men on the near bank by the next day. At midday on 12th December, the 62nd was ordered to occupy a position on the left bank facing North-east covering the cantonment and the city. Next day the Sikhs moved nearer with more and more men crossing the river, constant artillery salutes marking the arrival of each contingent. The 27th Native Infantry occupied the city, and the 63rd Native Infantry guarded the families and the sick in entrenchments in the cantonment.

On 12th December, the Governor-General and the Commander-in Chief set out from Ludhiana with 11,000 to 12,000 men. On the 14th the Sikh's main camp was at Attaree only seven miles from Ferozepore, with outposts close up to it. This portion of the Sikh Army was commanded by Sirdar Tej Singh, and made frequent demonstrations for the next three days. The 62nd made night sorties, but the Sikhs always retreated towards their heavy guns whereupon the British withdrew, being under orders not to stage a main attack. During this period Rajah Lal Singh, with 14,000 Regular Cavalry and masses of Irregulars, joined Tej Singh to the accompaniment of an eighty-gun salute. The combined Force numbered 60,000 men. The two Sikh Commanders by no means saw eye to eye. On the evening of the 16th, Lal Singh sent a message to Captain Peter Nicolson of the 28th Native Infantry, who was the British Political Agent in Ferozepore, saying that he was a friend of the British, and wished to prevent an attack to prove it. Nicolson replied that he should withdraw with his cavalry towards [[Moodkee]], to show his sincerity, knowing that the Commander-in-Chief's Forces were approaching that place. Lal Singh did so, but attacked the British at Moodkee on 18th December. On 17th and 18th, Tej Singh's troops did little except loot villages and fire salutes from Zamburaks, light guns discharged from the backs of camels. On the 17th Littler received news of General Gough's approach. The following evening the weather was cold, and Ashburnham was sitting with Nicolson in his tent, smoking a cheroot and sipping a night-cap of grog. A wounded Sikh was brought in by a vidette of the 3rd Light Dragoons, and a threat of hanging brought the first news of Lal Singh's repulse by the British that day at Moodkee.

==== The Battle of Ferozeshah ====
'''''See also [[Battle of Ferozeshah]]'''''

At eight o'clock on the morning of 21st December Littler's Division marched. The 62nd, in full kit, red coats and stocks, numbered just under 600, including many convalescents from cholera and fever just out of hospital. By 12.30 p.m. they had covered the twelve miles without incident, and joined the other British force about five miles South-west of Ferozeshah. General Gough's total force was now about 18,000 with sixty-three guns, mostly of small calibre, and a preponderance of native troops. The exact position of the enemy was not discovered until three in the afternoon, when they were found strongly entrenched around [[Ferozeshah]] village. This Sikh force was the one commanded by Lal Singh; reinforced since fighting at [[Moodkee]], it now totalled over 30,000 men with more than 100 guns, many of large calibre. Tej Singh, with at least an equivalent force, was still encamped some ten miles away near the Sutlej. The village of [[Ferozeshah]] lay behind a high embankment, along which the Sikhs were positioned. In front of them the ground was flat and completely open for 300 yards, then came brushwood and jungle through which the British advanced to the attack at four in the afternoon.

==== Later events ====

The regiment was probably in transit in the Punjab in July 1879<ref>See ''India List'' for July 1879, ''s.v.'' Surg. P. J. O'Sullivan.</ref>.

====First World War====
1/4th Battalion Wiltshire Regiment was in India 1914 – 1917 and saw service in Palestine 1917 – 1918.<ref>
[http://www.thewardrobe.org.uk/shop/books---regimental/a-journal-of-the-1-4th-battalion-wiltshire-regiment-1914-1918/view ''A Journal of the 1/4th Battalion Wiltshire Regiment 1914 – 1918''] The Wardrobe: Home of the Infantry Regiments of Berkshire and Wiltshire</ref>

==Books==
*''The Springers. The First Battalion Duke of Edinburgh's Wiltshire Regiment, illustrated with a short extract from the records of the Regiment, Quetta, Baluchistan, 1899. Photographs by Fred Bremner'' Published by Fred Bremner, 1899
:Available at the [http://libraries.wiltshire.gov.uk/02_Catalogue/02_005_TitleInformation.aspx?rcn=BRN0591113&addrcn=BRN0591113 Wiltshire & Swindon History Centre / Wiltshire Studies Library]
:This is a photographic album produced by the photographer Fred Bremner, one of four known photographic albums of British Army Regiments in the North-West of India which he published in Quetta and Lahore in the early 1900s. As an indication, that for the 1st Battalion [[22nd Regiment of Foot|Cheshire Regiment]] consists of a brief History of 20 pages followed by 38 full page printed photographs.<ref>
www.iberlibro.com. Page no longer available.</ref>

==Regimental Journal==
''The Journal of the Wiltshire Regiment'', vol. 1. no. 1-vol. 6. no. 3. June 1928-June 1939. Not published between June 1939 and June 1949 New series. vol. 1. no. 1-vol. 5. no. 21. June 1949-July 1959. Available at the [[British Library]]

== External Links ==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_Regiment_of_Foot 62nd Regiment of Foot] Wikipedia 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_(Wiltshire)_Regiment_of_Foot The Wiltshire Regiment] Wikipedia 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Duke_of_Edinburgh%27s_Royal_Regiment_(Berkshire_and_Wiltshire) Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment] Wikipedia 
*[http://www.thewardrobe.org.uk/home The Wardrobe : The Rifles (Berkshire and Wiltshire) Museum]-The Story of the Infantry of Berkshire and Wiltshire. Covers the [[49th Regiment of Foot| 49th]], 62nd, [[66th Regiment of Foot |66th]] and [[99th Regiment of Foot|99th Regiments of Foot]]
**[http://www.thewardrobe.org.uk/research/regimental-timeline Regimental Time Line]. Extensive details of deployments. 
**[http://www.thewardrobe.org.uk/research/the-collection/search/category:9 Photographic search facilty].Many photos may be viewed online 
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20080113060357/www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/062-758.htm 62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment of Foot] including [http://web.archive.org/web/20071218192423/www.regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/062-1.htm deployments] Regiments.org, an archived site 
*[http://www.britisharmedforces.org/i_regiments/wilts_index.htm The Wiltshire Regiment] from British Armed Forces & National Service. Includes brief details of deployments from 1881
*[http://www.angelfire.com/mp/memorials/wiltsrmr.htm Wiltshire Regiment Memorial at Quetta: deaths 1895 to 1900] from [http://www.angelfire.com/mp/memorials/memindz1.htm Soldiers Memorials]
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/9164665@N04/580874919/ Christian cemetery Quetta: gravestone of Florence Harford] died 12 September 1900 of enteric fever, wife of Lt-Col HC Harford, 1st Wilts Regt
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/46212770@N08/sets/72157645014864191/with/14352410605/ Photograph Collection: John White MM 1/4th Battalion Wiltshire Regiment] In India WW1. Includes Chaubattia/ [[Ranikhet]]. flickr.com

===Historical books online===
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=5IUcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR1 ''My Indian Journal''] by Colonel Walter Campbell 1864 Google Books. The author went to India with the regiment in 1830 and returned to England to c 1834
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=MwoFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3 ''The Old Forest Ranger, or, Wild Sports of India on the Neilgherry Hills, in the Jungles and on the Plains''] by Major Walter Campbell 1853 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=rBNPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA46 An account of the sickness and mortality of the 62nd Regiment in Masulipatam in 1833] , page 46 ''The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal Volume 68'' 1847. Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=JAfxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA142 Page 142] of the following report refers to the 62nd Regiment in [[Moulmein]] in 1834, and previously in [[Masulipatam]]: [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=JAfxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA137 "Second Report of a Committee of the Statistical Society of London, appointed to collect and enquire into Vital Statistics, upon the Sickness and Mortality among the European and Native Troops serving in the Madras Presidency"], page 137 ''Journal of the Royal Statistical Society of London , Volume 4 1841''

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{#widget:Google PlusOne
|size=small
|count=true
}}

[[Category:British Army Infantry Regiments]]

British Army

2014-01-11T09:57:52Z

Deipnosophista: /* Muster rolls */

The '''British Army''' is the land-based forces of the United Kingdom. The British Army was heavily involved in Imperial affairs in India and most regiments (both infantry and cavalry) served in India at some point. Throughout the nineteenth century, a significant number of British troops were stationed at India at any one time. In 1847, for instance, around 20% of British Army regiments were on the sub-continent. The General staff were supported by the Staff Corps and the Office of the [[Quarter Master General]].

A British man, or man of British descent could also be a soldier/officer in one of the [[Presidency Armies]]. These were seperate from the British Army, instead consisting of regiments formed by the [[East India Company]] and under their control.

==Regiments==
Any regiment name prefaced by the initials H.M. (''Her'' or ''His Majesty's'') is a British Army regiment, although the term is not strictly applied, especially amongst the ecclesiastical records. These regiments may be referred to as "Royal Regiments".

Regiments are divided across several arms of the army, these being the [[Cavalry]] (who fought mounted on horseback), the [[Infantry]] (soldiers who fought on foot) and the support arms such as the [[Artillery]] (who used weaponry such as canons and large guns) and the Engineers construction, demolition, surveying etc.) Also see '''Regiment names terminology''' below.

The article [[History of British Army Infantry Regiments]] is a general history of the origin and development of the infantry regiments and explains some of the reforms that took place.

*To browse the Infantry category, see [[:Category:British Army Infantry Regiments|British Army Infantry Regiments]]. From 1881, see [[1881 Regimental Titles]].
*To browse the Cavalry category, see [[:Category:British Army Cavalry Regiments|British Army Cavalry Regiments]]
*To browse the Artillery category, see [[:Category:British Army Artillery Regiments|British Army Artillery Regiments]]

The cap badges of a few regiments can be found in [[:Category:Cap badge images|Cap badge images]].

When a regiment was to return to England, the men were given the opportunity to 'volunteer for' (join) another British Army regiment in India. The view seems to have been "A trained soldier in India is worth five recruits, and that soldier, when he is brought home, is not worth anything."<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ybk_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA4 Page 4] ''The Regimental Companion: Containing the Pay, Allowances and Relative Duties of Every Officer in the British Service, Volume 3'' by Charles James 7th edition, considerably enlarged 1811 Google Books</ref>As an example, when the [[96th Regiment of Foot]] was ordered home in September 1854, a ‘great number of men’ volunteered for the [[32nd Regiment of Foot|32nd foot]], thirty volunteered for the [[43rd Regiment of Foot|43rd]], while twenty-two volunteered for the [[74th Regiment of Foot|74th Highlanders]].<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/fromenglandtoant00tyrrrich#page/36/mode/2up ''From England to the Antipodes & India - 1846 to 1902, with startling revelations, or 56 years of my life in the Indian Mutiny, Police & Jails''], page 36 by Isaac Tyrell (1904) Archive.org</ref> However, when transferring to another unit, the soldiers were treated as new recruits, and lost any rank they had, reverting to the rank of a private,<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/fromenglandtoant00tyrrrich#page/38/mode/2up ''From England to the Antipodes & India - 1846 to 1902, with startling revelations or 56 years of my life in the Indian Mutiny, Police & Jails''], page 38 by Isaac Tyrell (1904) Archive.org</ref> although it appears likely that in practice they were promoted again reasonably quickly.

===Locating a regiment===
There are many ways to find out locations at which a regiment was stationed. More labourious methods include tracking through the muster rolls, army lists or station lists published in newspapers. Many of our regiment articles include a timeline of major stations. One online source providing incomplete but highly useful information, is:
*[http://www.ans.com.au/~rampais/genelogy/india/indexes/index.htm Indian portion of ''In Search of the 'Forlorn Hope': A Comprehensive Guide to Locating British Regiments and their Records (1640-WWI)'' by John M Kitzmiller] - lists the location/year of all British regiments that served in India and related regions. (Archive.org links [https://web.archive.org/web/20110220120900/http://www.ans.com.au/~rampais/genelogy/india/indexes/kitz.htm Regiments], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110220120900/http://www.ans.com.au/~rampais/genelogy/india/indexes/kitz2.htm Locations]) From Bob Holland’s Rampais website.
*[http://usacac.leavenworth.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/nafziger.htm The Nafziger Collection of Orders of Battle] hosts a PDF catalogue including lists of “Stations of British Troops in India” (and a wider list for the whole army) transcribed from the sources such as the ''Army and Navy Gazette ''. The website says "Download the collection's [http://cdm16040.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll11/id/1277 Finding Aid] (pdf format) to assist in navigating the titles available for viewing".

:It appears best to use the binoculars icon to search the Finding Aid. The search facility seems designed so that the words you enter only are found if they are next to each other, so you will need to use just one word such as ''India'', or use phrases which are title headings such as ''Stations of British Troops in India'', (not Stations India) (available 1836-1904), ''British Regiments Serving in India'', (available 1816-1835), ''Distribution of the British Army'' (available 1836-1868, 1872, 1899-1903) ''Stations of the British Army'' (available 1869-1904). The latter two titles include British troops in India. For specific lists from 1862, see
:*[[Stations of British Army troops in India]]
:*[[Stations of the Royal Artillery in India]]

: Note that for some computers/browsers, it may not be possible to search the Finding Aid. "British Regiments Serving in India" 1816 is located on page 167. "Distribution of the British Army" 1836 is located on page 168

*The publications [[Military periodicals online #New Annual Army List| New Annual Army List]] and [[Military periodicals online #New Army List|New Army List]], some of which are available on [[Military periodicals online]] contain details of the regiments in the British Army for each year of publication. The details of each regiment in each volume will usually include where the regiment is garrisoned at that point of time. This is often located at the very top of the page which gives details of the regiment. As an [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XysdAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA276 example], the 2nd Battalion of the [[24th Regiment of Foot]] was stationed at Secunderabad, Madras, page 276 ''The New Annual Army List for 1869'', shown in the top left hand corner.

*For those able to visit the National Archives at Kew, there are catalogue entries [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C1868016?v=r WO 379/11 Stations of regiments 1859-1900] and [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C1868020?v=r WO 379/15 Stations of regiments 1901-1920] Examples of the type of records available are [http://maltaramc.com/regmltgar/sellstromr/52nd.jpg this page] and [http://maltaramc.com/regmltgar/sellstromr/48thfs.jpg this page] from WO 379/11, from the website maltaramc.com, on the page [http://maltaramc.com/regmltgar/52nd.html 52nd Regiment]. These records are part of the [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14583?v=r WO 379] series "Disposition and Movement of Regiment, Returns and Papers (Regimental Records)"

===Regiment names terminology===
Regiments, especially prior to the twentieth century, were not named in a uniform manner and the historical terminology used can be unfamiliar to a beginning researcher. Some common terms and the regiment types they apply to can be found below.

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
!width="90"|Term
!width="120"|Regiment type
|-
|[[Dragoon]]s ||[[Cavalry]]
|-
|Foot || [[Infantry]]
|-
|Fusiliers || Infantry
|-
|Grenadier || Infantry
|-
|[[Hussar]]s || Cavalry
|-
|[[Lancer]]s || Cavalry
|-
|Life Guards || Cavalry
|-
|Rifles || Infantry
|}

==Wars and campaigns==
The British Army were involved in numerous wars, campaigns and battles in India and the surrounding region. The Fibiwiki has a [[Chronological list of wars and campaigns]].

*To browse wars in the region, see the [[:Category:Wars and Campaigns|Wars and Campaigns]] category.
*To browse battles, see the [[:Category:Battles|Battles]] category.

==Enlistment in India==
It was possible for a man born in India to enlist in the British Army in India, a fact to be considered when researching. Enlistment was possible for men with European parents, or [[Anglo Indian|Eurasian]] men of fair complexion―those whose looks allowed them to ‘pass’ as white.<ref> [http://home.alphalink.com.au/~agilbert/satoshi.html Loyalty, Parity, and Social Control-The Competing Visions on the Creation of an ‘Eurasian’ Military Regiment in late British India] by Satoshi Mizutani ''The International Journal of Anglo-Indian Studies'' Volume 10, No. 1, 2010</ref>
===Enlistment in British Empire countries===
This Rootsweb Australia Message Board [http://boards.ancestry.co.uk/localities.oceania.australia.general/4184/mb.ashx?pnt=1 2004 post] is called “Chelsea Pensioners - soldiers with an Australian connection”. It includes details of two men who were born in Australia and served in the Madras Artillery. They probably joined British Army regiments in Australia, subsequently served in India and transferred to the Madras Artillery in India. It is an indication that men in the British Army may have been born in countries other than Britain and Ireland.

==Records==
'''See also''' - [[Military reading list]] and Occupation:[[Soldier]]

There are various sources of information for finding out about a man in the British Army.

===Army Lists===
''Army List''s are useful if you are researching an officer.
 For volumes available online, see [[Military periodicals online]]

===Military records at the National Archives===
For advice about the National Archives, both about visiting and your options if you can't visit, see the Fibiwiki page [[ The National Archives]]
====Muster rolls====
Unlike those of the presidency armies, muster rolls for British Army regiments stationed in India are not at the British Library but are instead at [[The National Archives]] at Kew in London. The majority of the Muster records up to '''1878''' are in [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14223?v=h '''WO 12'''], including [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C52579?v=h '''Cavalry'''] and [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C88062?v=h '''Infantry''']. The catalogue describes the records as:
[[Image:72nd Married Roll 1877 (close up).JPG |right|thumb|325px| ''Detail from a 1877 Married Roll'']]

<blockquote>"...a comprehensive means of establishing dates of enlistment, movements throughout the world, and of discharge or death. The first entry may show age on enlistment. An entry on the form "Men becoming non-effective", sometimes to be found at the end of each quarter's musters, shows the birthplace, trade, and date of enlistment of any soldier discharged or dead during the quarter. From about 1868, at the end of each muster, may be found a Marriage Roll, which enumerates wives and children for whom married quarters were provided." </blockquote>

From '''1878 to 1898''', all muster rolls are in [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/details?Uri=C14227 '''WO 16''']

An 1889 example of data from a Marriage Roll can be seen [http://web.archive.org/web/20040417222802/members.ozemail.com.au/~clday/married.htm here] on Cathy Day’s archived site.

This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2009-04/1240765189 post] is about interpreting information on a casualty muster roll.

Muster roll records are unfortunately NOT available on [[LDS]] microfilms. If you are are unable to visit Kew, read the National Archives' guide
[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/paid_research.htm Paying for Research]. FIBIS also has a research service for FIBIS members.

'''Please note that muster roll records may be missing for some Regiments and periods''', in India and generally. For example, there are virtually no muster roll records for the Royal Artillery in India.

Findmypast.co.uk has the online records [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/military/indexes/1861-army-index '''Worldwide Army Index 1861'''] extracted from the National Archives April-June quarter Paylists held in WO 10 (Royal Artillery), WO 11 (Royal Engineers) and WO 12 (Cavalry, Guards, Infantry and other units) series War Office records, including men serving overseas. Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription). Note that soldiers of the East India Company Armies in 1861 would not generally appear in these records as most of these soldiers appear to have been transferred to the British Army after June 1861, although some soldiers appear to have transferred earlier and are included in these records.

====Service and pension records====

=====Chelsea Pensioners=====
Discharge papers ([http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14305?v=r'''WO 97''', (to '''1913''')]), usually containing service/attestation information, and pension records ([http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14231?v=r '''WO 22''']) may also be found at TNA. Records in WO 97 are usually only for men discharged with a pension (i.e. for long service or having been invalided <ref name=Skel > Victorian Wars Forum thread [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=5904#p23104 Pension?] quoting from ''The Victorian Army at Home ''by AR Skelley</ref>) as these were the papers sent to the Royal Hospital Chelsea and preserved, but from 1883, most causes of discharge, (apart from death (with a few exceptions)<ref>There are WO 97 records for a few men who died in the Anglo- Boer War (and papers in the Ancestry "WWI" series for men who died during the Anglo-Boer War) according to this [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=82&t=3511&start=15#p23904 Victorian Wars Forum post] dated 1 October 2011 by Meurig. This further Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=82&t=7112#p30127 post] dated 30 May 2012 by Mark A Reid also mentions a few other deaths. </ref>) were included. Note however, '''the survival rate of discharge papers appears to be low for men discharged overseas<ref>''My Ancestor was in the British Army'', page 63 by Michael Watts and Christopher Watts 2009</ref> [ie not in Britain, and therefore low for India]. If a man went on to serve during World War 1 then his records would normally have been removed from WO97 and placed with his WW1 service records<ref> ''My Ancestor was in the British Army'', page 64 by Michael Watts and Christopher Watts 2009 and [http://newsarch.rootsweb.com/th/read/DEVON/2010-03/1269096802 Chelsea Pensioners] dated 20 March 2010 from Rootsweb Devon List.</ref>. WO 97 records are also unlikely to include men who immediately went on active service with a Milita unit, (whose discharge papers may have been transferred to the Milita unit)<ref>India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2011-06/1308580161 post] dated 20 June 2011</ref>'''. The records often contain a wealth of genealogical information, including birth date and location, next of kin, physical description, service locations, medical history and medals. They may include information about marriages, births of children or deaths of family members.

The National Archives has worked with findmypast.co.uk to scan and place online '''WO 97''' (Royal Hospital Chelsea: Soldiers' Service Documents 1760-1913). All WO 97 records, for the years '''1760 to 1913''' are currently available on findmypast.co.uk as part of a group of records called [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/army-service-records/all '''British Army Service Records 1760-1915'''] . This group of records consists of
*Militia service records 1806-1915 (WO96)
*Chelsea Pensioners British Army service records 1760-1913 (WO97)
*Royal Hospital, Chelsea: pensioners' discharge documents 1760-1887 (WO121) (see [[British Army#Other Pension Records| Other Pension Records below]])
*Royal Hospital, Chelsea: pensioners' discharge documents, foreign regiments 1816-1817 (WO122)
*War Office: Imperial Yeomanry, soldiers' documents, South African War 1899-1902 (WO128)
*Royal Hospital, Chelsea: documents of soldiers awarded deferred pensions 1838-1896 (WO131)

Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription).

For some FindMyPast blogs about these records, see below<ref>FindMyPast blogs "Behind the scenes":
[http://blog.findmypast.co.uk/2010/09/behind-the-scenes-the-chelsea-pensioners-records-with-paul-nixon-content-licensing-manager/ The Chelsea Pensioners records with Paul Nixon, content licensing manager] 15 Sep 2010 and [http://blog.findmypast.co.uk/2010/10/behind-the-scenes-our-expert-stephen-rigden-on-spelling-variations/ Our expert, Stephen Rigden, on spelling variations] 29 Oct 2010</ref>

This [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=5904#p23104 link] <ref name=Skel /> has some general information about pensions, quoting from ''The Victorian Army at Home'' by AR Skelley
=====Kilmainham Pensioners=====
The records online at findmypast.co.uk now include those men discharged through the Kilmainham Hospital in Ireland, as [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/army-service-records/kilmainham '''British Army Pensioners - Kilmainham, Ireland 1783-1822''']. These records are held under TNA reference [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14327?v=r WO 119], and are similar to the Chelsea Pensioner records WO 97, above. Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription).

There are other records for Kilmainham , not digitised, under [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14326?v=r WO 118] “Registers of in- and out- pensioners of the Royal Hospital Kilmainham”. In-pensioners were admitted until 1922.

=====Other Pension Records=====
Another useful TNA source is the '''WO 22''' subseries "Army and other pensions paid out locally in India, Ceylon and China" detailing names and payments made, including [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C168751?v=r '''WO 22/228-230'''] Bengal, [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C168760?v=r '''WO 22/237-238'''] Bombay and [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C168789?v=r '''WO 22/266-270'''], mainly Madras.

This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2011-04/1303469139 post] mentions '''WO 120''' and '''WO 121''' records. Catalogue references are:
*[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14328?v=r '''WO 120'''] "From about 1812 dates of death have been noted and in the last series these dates extend to 1877" The WO 120 records are available on [[LDS]] microfilm with this [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=315468&disp=Regimental+registers+of+pensioners%2C+ar&columns=*,0,0 catalogue entry].
**The book ''British Army Pensioners Abroad, 1772-1899'' by Norman K. Crowder includes all British Army pensioners who retired to any place outside of Great Britain for which records are available (1772-1899). There are 8,934 entries, transcribed from [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C1923393?v=r WO 120/35] and [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C1923427?v=r WO 120/69-70]. Each entry has one line, in the form "51st Regiment of Foot; Josh ABBOTT; pension awarded 27 Sept 1842; residence - Hobart Town, Australia; died 22 Apr 1871. Source WO120 Volume 69 page 206". <ref>[http://home.vicnet.net.au/~grthom/cpindex.html Chelsea Pensioners - Out Pensions] by Grahame Thom</ref>
*[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14329?v=r '''WO 121'''] records. These records are available online on findmypast.co.uk as part of British Army Service Records 1760-1915, refer [[British Army#Chelsea Pensioners|above]]. The records include "Register of men discharged without pension", 1884 to 1887. Although the catalogue does not mention this, there are many records of men leaving the army in India under the heading "Nominal list of men discharged by the Commander-in-Chief in India." As the register provides name, regimental number, rank, corps, date and cause of discharge, attestation date (and a few other administration details) it is an invaluable resource for those not able to find these details elsewhere. Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription).

These records are included in the National Archives catalogue entry [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C537 Records of the Royal Chelsea and Kilmainham Hospitals]. The latter hospital was in Ireland. This category of records also includes
*[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14324?v=r '''WO 116'''] Disability and all Royal Artillery pensions and
*[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14325?v=r'''WO 117'''] Pensions awarded to soldiers for length of service.

Some of these records, in particular WO 116 (for what appears to be WO 116/1-165 being Cavalry and Infantry Disability to '''1882''' and Royal Artillery to '''1893''') and WO 117 (to '''1913''') are available to '''download free of cost''' from [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/digital-microfilm.asp The National Archives Documents Online: Digital Microfilms]. These are stated to be large pdfs, which need a broadband internet connection. This Ancestry.com British Army Message Board [http://boards.ancestry.com/topics.Military.uk.britarmy/2203.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1/mb.ashx post] details some of the information found.

An interesting series of selected records is [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C11584?v=r '''PIN 71''': Selected War Pensions Award Files for Service Prior to 1914]. This series consists of personal case files on disablement pensions arising from service in the Army or Navy before the First World War and case files concerning widows of such servicemen. The files contain medical records and details of place of birth, age, names of parents and siblings, religion, physical attributes, marital and parental status. The series appears to consist of approximately 6,300 individual files which are searchable by name online on the [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/ Discovery catalogue]. The actual files however are not available online.

Service and pension records from '''World War 1''' from the National Archives are available on the pay site [http://www.ancestry.com Ancestry .com]. They do contain some papers for men who did not serve in WW1.<ref>Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=7266&start=15#p31162 post] dated 17 July 2012 by Meurig</ref>
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1219 British Army WWI Service Records, '''1914-1920'''] are [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14567?v=r '''WO 363'''] records also known as the ‘Burnt Documents.’ These are the records which survived a fire, about one third of the total documents.
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1114 British Army WWI Pension Records '''1914-1920'''] are [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14568?v=r '''WO 364'''] records

For information about interpreting some of the abbreviations used in these records, the Great War Forum thread [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=6898&st=0&p=51928&hl= Army Standards] explains the medical classification used for new recruits during the [[First World War]], and other abbreviations used during their subsequent service. In addition, the Great War Forum has a sub category [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showforum=31 Interpreting service records and medal index cards] which however, is only accessible to logged in Great War Forum members.

====Courts martial and desertion====
*See [[Courts-martial]]

====Research guides====
=====National Archives Guides=====
*The National Archives have the following research guides:
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/army-officers-1660-1913.htm British Army: Officers' Records 1660-1913 (Military Records Information 4)]
***Regarding records mentioned in this link, note that WO 76 records are available to download free as pdf files from [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/digital-microfilm.asp National Archives: Documents Online: Digital Microfilm]. For Army Lists, see [[Military periodicals online#New Annual Army List|Military periodicals online-New Annual Army List]]
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/british-army-soldiers-discharge-and-pension-records.htm British Army: Soldiers' Discharge and Pension Records, 1760-1913 (Military Records Information 5)]
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/army-muster-1730-1898.htm British Army: Muster Rolls and Pay Lists, c1730-1898 (Military Records Information 7)]
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/british-army-soldiers-1914-1918.htm British Army: First World War soldiers' papers (Military records information 9)]
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/british-army-officers-1914-1918.htm British Army: First World War officers' records (Military Records Information 10)]
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/british-army-tracing-soldiers.htm British Army: Useful Sources for Tracing Soldiers (Military Records Information 14)]
*The National Archives has published the book ''Army Records: A Guide for Family Historians '' by William Spencer 2008. 160 pages. It is mainly about records in the National Archives and the India Office at the British Library. It contains a chapter "The British Army in India and the Indian Army", in addition to over twenty chapters about British Army records. Available at the [[British Library]].

=====Other publications=====
*The [[Society of Genealogists]] has published the book ''My ancestor was in the British Army : how can I find out more about him?'' by Michael Watts and Christopher Watts 2009. This book is available to buy from the [http://www.new.fibis.org/products-page/3-other-books-about-colonial-india/military-history/bkx-0030-my-ancestor-was-in-the-british-army FIBIS Shop]. Also available at the [[British Library]] on open access.

=====British Library Guides=====
*[http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/offpubs/ukofficalpub/servlists/armylist.pdf British Library Guide to Service Lists for the [British<nowiki>]</nowiki> Army, Navy and Air Force]

===India Office military records at the British Library===
For a comprehensive description of sources available in the India Office Records, see Peter Bailey's article in ''[[FIBIS Journal]]'' 13.

There is a small collection of India Office records at the [[British Library]] called British Army Records '''IOR/L/MIL/15''' 1806-1930 ([http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_8-1&cid=1-3#1-3 catalogue entry] which includes links to subgroups including British Army: '''British troops embarked for India''' [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_8-1&cid=1-3-15#1-3-15 '''IOR/L/MIL/15/42-46'''] 1871-1889).

There are also reference books from the Military Department Library relating to the British Army '''IOR/L/MIL/17/1''' ([http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_8-2_1&cid=1-1-1#1-1-1 catalogue entry]), including Army Lists for the British Army, apart from publications specifically relating to the British Army in India.

===Ecclesiastical returns===
If the man married, had children or died out on the Sub-continent then records of these occurences can often be found in the India Office [[Church records]]. However, some regimental chaplains only filed their BMDs with the [[General Register Office]] in London. The British Army Overseas Indexes can be found in genealogical libraries, the National Archives and searched on various websites including findmypast.com and familyrelatives.com. Certificates of these army returns can then be obtained from the GRO by ordering them [http://www.gro.gov.uk/gro/content/certificates online]. For more details refer '''[[Chaplains Returns]]'''.

Note that if a record is available both in the [[Church records]] and in the [[General Register Office]] records, the latter may contain more information, at least for some time periods. By way of example, in 1903 the additional information available for a marriage record was the nationalities of the groom and bride, and the occupations of the fathers of the groom and bride.

===Other sources===
Additional sources include:
====Soldiers’ wills====
Online search [https://www.gov.uk/probate-search#before-you-start Find a soldier's will] Search for the will of a soldier who died while serving in the British armed forces between 1850 and 1986. UK Government Probate Service. Free to search, (but first you must register) and then pay for a record.

No further details are given, but previously this [http://researchlondon.info/probate/probate-calendars-to-be-online-soon link]<ref>[http://researchlondon.info/probate/probate-calendars-to-be-online-soon Probate Calendars to be Online Soon] from Geoff Swinfield’s researchlondon.info and [http://www.ffhs.org.uk/news/news120510.php News from FFHS]. </ref> advised that 300,000 wills of soldiers killed in action were to become available online. They do not include officers. These wills date from the Crimea period onwards, and appear to be wills completed by soldiers in their paybooks. It appears the majority are from WW1. The article [http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/great-war-people/research-family-story/3306-wills-of-english-soldiers-killed-in-the-great-war.html "Wills of English soldiers killed in the Great War"] by David Tattersfield 25 September 2013 (“The Western Front Association”) has more details.

The index to some soldiers’ wills are also available in the [http://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=1904 England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1861-1941 from Ancestry.com]

=====Soldiers’ effects records at the National Army Museum=====
These records relate to monies paid to the named relatives of deceased soldiers and those discharged insane. They do not give details of the personal possessions of dead personnel, but provide next of kin details. Transcripts of records between 1901 and 1960 are available, at a charge. They are not viewable at the Museum as they are stored off site.<ref>[http://www.nam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/research-information-5.pdf National Army Museum Information Sheet 5: Researching Family History at the NAM] page 2</ref> Further details are provided in this [http://www.nam.ac.uk/collection/collection-news/soldiers-effects-records-1901-60 National Army Museum link]

====WFA WW1 pension record cards====
*[http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/great-war-current-news/pension-records.html "The Western Front Association preserves a major Great War archive of 6.5 million records"] by David G Henderson 08 November 2012
**[http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/about-the-wfa/175-pension-records/2960-great-war-pension-record-cards-and-ledgers-deeper-understanding.html "Great War Pension Record Cards and Ledgers: deeper understanding"] 31 March 2013
**[http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/about-the-wfa/175-pension-records/2961-pension-record-cards-manual-lookup-request.html Pension Record Cards: Manual Lookup Request] 31 March 2013. A fee applies. It is intended that these records be digitised in time.

====Medal Rolls====
See [[Medal Rolls]]. Includes information about those medal rolls available online.

====1911 England and Wales Census====
British Army personnel in India, together with their families appeared for the first time in an England and Wales Census in 1911. [http://www.1911census.co.uk Search] the 1911 census data, free to search, but a pay site to view data. Also available on the pay site [http://www.ancestry.com Ancestry.com] and perhaps other pay sites. This [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/browser.asp?CATLN=3&CATID=12183&GPE=False&DOWN=TRUE&MARKER=37579000&MARKERSCN National Archives] catalogue entry shows the regiments that were included in the 1911 Census. The items (17 in total) are RG 14/34978-34992, 34995, 34997. However, it is probable there were other regiments in India at this time. The census was taken on the night of Sunday 2 April, 1911. Note however, there are is at least one known instance of a soldier and his family known to be in the British Army in India at the time of the census, whose names do not appeat in the census, another indication that the data may not be complete.

====[[National Army Museum]]====
The National Army Museum's website includes the following Information Sheets which also refer to sources at other institutions
*[http://www.national-army-museum.ac.uk/oldResearch/files/tscInfo2.pdf Information Sheet No 2: Soldiers’ Records 1660-1913]
*[http://www.national-army-museum.ac.uk/oldResearch/files/tscInfo3.pdf Information Sheet No 3: Soldiers’ Records 1914-c1920]
*[http://www.national-army-museum.ac.uk/oldResearch/files/tscInfo4.pdf Information Sheet No 4: Soldiers’ Records 1920–present]
*[http://www.nam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/research-information-5.pdf Information Sheet No 5: Researching Family History at the National Army Museum]

====Regimental Journals====
Some regiments published a regular regimental journal which can be a valuable source of information. Examples are ''St George’s Gazette'', journal of the Northumberland Fusiliers,(previously [[5th Regiment of Foot]]) published from 1883 to 1968, and ''The Highland Light Infantry Chronicle'', journal of the Highland Light Infantry (previously [[71st Regiment of Foot]]), published quarterly from 1893 to 1958. Whether a journal existed may be included in the regimental information available on the website Regiments.org (refer below). This [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=sNO72EFncc8C&pg=PA365 link] also lists the titles of some regimental journals.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=sNO72EFncc8C&pg=PA365 ''Military Identities: the Regimental System, the British Army, and the British People, c.1870-2000''], page 365 by David French 2005 Google Books</ref> The [[British Library]] and [[National Army Museum]] are possible sources of these journals, together with Regimental Museums and regional libraries, if the regiment had a strong regional connection. A broken range of editions of [[The Rifle Brigade| ''The Rifle Brigade Chronicle'']] for the years 1890 to 1905 is available online. A few editions of the ''Highland Light Infantry Chronicle'' are also available online, however these are accessible in limited countries only.
====[[Newspapers]]====
*[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/search ''The London Gazette'' online] is a useful source of information about officers’ appointments and promotions. For more information about this resource, see [[Newspapers & magazines reading list]]
*Two Research guides by [[British Library|British Library Newspapers]]:
**[http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/news/britmilhist/famhistresearch/familyhistbritmil.html Family History Research and British Military History, 1801-1945]
**[http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/news/britmilhist/scopecollections/scopebritmilhist.html Scope of the Collections for British Military History, 1801-1945] Details specialist, non-newspaper publications of particular interest to military history researchers held by British Library Newspapers such as the Army and Navy Gazette, published from 1860.

Note that Colindale and St Pancras hold differing Indian newspaper collections (with some overlap), however Colindale microfilms will be transferred to St Pancras by 2012.

===Army personnel serving after January 1921===

The Army Personnel Centre Historical Disclosures Section holds Army Service records for officers whose service ended after April 1922 and soldiers whose service ended after January 1921.

The service records of Army personnel serving after these dates remain closed to the public. To obtain details from such records you will often have to prove kinship. Charges may apply. Application forms should be sent to
:The Army Personnel Centre
:MS Support Unit, P & D Branch
:Historical Disclosures, MP555
:Kentigern House,
:65 Brown Street, GLASGOW G2 8EX
:Telephone 0845 600 9663
:Email disc4@apc.army.mod.uk

See the web page [https://www.gov.uk/requests-for-personal-data-and-service-records Requests for personal data and Service records] (gov.uk) for forms to download. [http://www.veterans-uk.info/service_records/service_records.html Veterans:UK] and and their fact sheet [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veterans-uk.info%2Fpdfs%2Fservice_records%2Farmy_pack.pdf Army Personnel Records And Family Interest Enquiries] (docs.google version), [http://www.veterans-uk.info/pdfs/service_records/army_pack.pdf original pdf] ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Syq6wj5H2d0J:www.veterans-uk.info/pdfs/service_records/army_pack.pdf+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] URL)

This WW2Talk Forum [http://ww2talk.com/forums/topic/47075-grandfather-ww2-rasc-burma-help-and-suggestions/?p=555463 post] advises "you want to get next of kin FULL records (make a note on the application for '''FULL''' records)".

This further WW2Talk Forum [http://ww2talk.com/forums/topic/49481-clarification-of-provision-of-death-certificate-service-records/?p=582017 post] advises “They will accept anything that is proof of death, even a undertakers receipt or a photograph of a post war civilian headstone”. However, you do not have to supply a death certificate when the date of birth of the individual was more than 116 years ago.<ref>"Veterans:UK" fact sheet [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veterans-uk.info%2Fpdfs%2Fservice_records%2Farmy_pack.pdf Army Personnel Records And Family Interest Enquiries] (docs.google version), [http://www.veterans-uk.info/pdfs/service_records/army_pack.pdf original pdf] ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Syq6wj5H2d0J:www.veterans-uk.info/pdfs/service_records/army_pack.pdf+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] URL)
</ref>

WW2Talk Forum post [http://ww2talk.com/forums/topic/41567-ww2-soldier-research-tips-and-links-for-new-researchers WW2 Soldier Research - Tips and Links for New Researchers, dated 28 August 2012] advises about the next of kin hierarchy and that “There is currently about a 12 month wait to receive the records once you apply”.

==FIBIS resources==
*Margaret Mulvihill, "'Peculiar Circumstances': Catholic Chaplains of the Victorian British Army in India" ''FIBIS Journal No 24 (Autumn 2010)'', pages 26-28. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]].
*Ainslie Sharpe, "Boy Soldier to Lancer: John Arnfield in the Anglo -Sikh Wars" ''FIBIS Journal No 26 Autumn 2011'', pages 31-40. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]]. 
:John Arnfield joined his father's regiment, the [[3rd Regiment of Foot]], the Buffs in India in 1833, as a Boy soldier, aged 14 years and became a Private on his 18th birthday. 
:He went on to serve with the [[16th Lancers]] in the [[Gwalior Campaign]] and the [[1st Sikh War]], and with the [[9th (The Queen's Royal) Lancers|9th Lancers]] in the [[2nd Sikh War]]. 
:He resigned in 1853 having spent 20 years in the British Army, all in India. However, his years as a Boy were not counted as years of service, so he was not entitled to any pension.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Military Terms]]
*[[:Category:Military ranks]]
*[[:Category:Church records]]
*[[:Category:Organisations]] has links to a number of military historical societies which publish journals containing articles about India.
*[[Courts-martial]]
*[[Doctor]]
*[[Duke of York's Military School]]
*[[Mailing lists]]
*[[Medals]]
*[[Military periodicals online]]
*[[12th Regiment of Foot]] and [[34th Regiment of Foot]] for examples of death as a result of a duel with a fellow officer.

==External links==
===Encyclopedia articles===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army History of the British Army] ''Wikipedia''
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recruitment_in_the_British_Army Recruitment in the British Army] ''Wikipedia''
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_Army_regiments_(1881) British Army Regiments 1881 (The Childers Reforms)] ''Wikipedia''

===Other===
*[http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Soldiers_and_Genealogy Soldiers and Genealogy] on TNA's ''Your Archives''
*[http://archive.sandhurstcollection.org.uk The Cadet and Staff Registers of the Sandhurst Collection]. The registers show the details for almost every officer cadet that attended the Royal Military Academy Woolwich and Royal Military College Sandhurst, England
*[http://www.angelfire.com/mp/memorials/memindz1.htm Stephen Lewis' Soldiers Memorials] lists NCO and other ranks graves in India by surname, amongst other memorials. [http://www.redcoat.info/memindex3.htm Officers Died] is the equivalent commissioned ranks site.
*[http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080116091340/www.regiments.org/nations/europe/uk.htm Regiments.org (Archived Site)], see archived versions of a [http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080118041521/www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/lists/bargxrefn.htm Numeric list of British Army Regiments] and [http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20071218044939/www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/lists/ba1881.htm 1881 Regiments].
*[http://www.britisharmedforces.org/pages/nat_regiments.htm Army Regiments] from [http://www.britisharmedforces.org/index.htm British Armed Forces & National Service]. Includes details of deployments
*[http://www.armymuseums.org.uk/index.htm Army Museums Ogilby Trust] provides information about regimental museums. There is also a “book search” which lists books about the various regiments. Also includes
**[http://www.armymuseums.org.uk/ancestor.htm Ancestor Research & Military Genealogy]
*[http://www.britishmedals.us/kevin/intro.html The Asplin Military History Resources], about British Army history in the Victorian era, includes pages relevant to the British Army in India.
*Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=7266#p31139 post] on "Terms of Engagement" by grumpy dated 16 July 2012
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131117052045/http://www.hargreave-mawson.demon.co.uk/46thmen.html 46th Foot.com] includes a detailed account of the 1834 attestation of a private, Frederick Crosland.
*[http://armyservicenumbers.blogspot.com/2009/07/army-service-numbers-1881-1918-index.html Army Service Numbers 1881-1918: Index] armyservicenumbers.blogspot.com
*[http://www.1914-1918.net/renumbering20.htm Renumbering of the army in 1920] 1914-1918.net. A seven-digit number was issued in 1920 to all men then serving in regular or Territorial units. Once issued, the man retained the same number irrespective of his transfers and postings within the army. Generally the new numbers did not have prefixes but the Royal Army Service Corps was an exception. RASC numbers were prefixed S (Supplies), T (Transport), M (Mechanical Transport) or R (Remounts).
*[http://www.ceylondatabase.net/military.html International Ceylon Database: Military] from Kyle Joustra’s [http://www.ceylondatabase.net/Genealogy.html website]. Includes lists of names by regiment.
*[http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/page4-India.html Soldiers of the Queen: The Jewel in the Crown]. Photographs of soldiers in India, Ceylon,The North-West Frontier Afghanistan. Includes [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/page4c-TwoPrivatesaServantaDogandaMonkey.html Two Privates with a servant and pets], [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/page4v-SergeantEvansandWife.html Sergeant E. J. Evans in the tropical version of his regimental "Mess Dress" uniform, with wife], [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/page4hh-FusilierSergeantandFamily.html Fusilier Sergeant and family c 1900]
*[http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=165361 British uniforms India 1914] Thread from the Great War Forum, with many pages, showing both British Army and Indian Army uniforms with many photographs. Note, to view the photographs attached to posts you must be a logged in member of the Forum, refer [[Mailing lists#Military|Military message boards]].
*[http://www.militarysunhelmets.com/2012/british-army-spine-pads British Army Spine Pads] [Part of the uniform] by Stuart Bates , April 27, 2012 militarysunhelmets.com
*[http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1858/08/13.htm "Transport of Troops to India"] by Frederick Engels from ''New York Daily Tribune'', 13 August, 1858 states that some troops were sent from England by the overland route from 1857. Marxists.org. This route became permanent some years later, see [[British Army#Historical books online|below]].
*[http://adenairways.com/Armed_Forces/page186/page262/page262.html The trooping season between India and the United Kingdom] lasted for about seven months each year, with the full programme being published some months in advance. The gap, April-October/November in India was the same each year – to avoid the worst of the heat in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. adenairways.com. Also see [[Deolali]]
*[http://www.movcon.org.uk/History/Documents/DID/D-MCHS%200290.10.htm Troopships and Trooping] by R G Robertson movcon.org.uk
*Bad conditions on troop ships coming to India in the late 1700s are mentioned in [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1081841/?page=14 "The soldier's friend—Sir Jeremiah Fitzpatrick"] by Richard L. Blanco ''Med Hist. 1976 October; 20(4): 402–421'', particularly 415-417
*Terrible conditions are described in a [http://www.old-merseytimes.co.uk/infantmortality.html Letter home from a soldier’s wife on a voyage to India] 1859 As a result, the Captain was murdered! [http://www.old-merseytimes.co.uk/EasternMonarch.html Eastern Monarch 1859] Fire broke out in English waters on this ship, whose passengers included 352 invalid soldiers from North West India. Old-merseytimes.co.uk.
*India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2000-08/0966007649 post] dated 11 August 2000 by Tony Fuller. "Another snippet from Tower Hamlets. In a memorandum dated 16 August 1844, the government confirmed that in general, 6 wives were allowed to accompany their soldier husbands per 100 men anywhere in the world EXCEPT To India and Australia, where the ratio was 12 wives to 100 men, including the NCOs. The number of children was unlimited." (The reference appears to be to the Tower Hamlets Library, where the author was doing research, according to this earlier [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2000-08/0966579686 post])
*[http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/home.html The Army Children Archive (TACA)] contains information about children and wives, with themes such as [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/accomm.html Accommodation] and [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/move.html On the Move]. [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/history.html History Matters] (scroll down) gives details of the enlistment of an orphan boy age five,the son of a soldier, as a drummer in 1786. There are references to India in a number of the themes. [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/accompicsind.html Accommodation Album: India]
*[http://www.royalengineers.ca/femnkid.html On the Strength: Wives and Children of the British Army], a Canadian website. Some of the information, particularly in respect of physical work performed, may not be applicable to India.
*‪[http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/tommyatkins.htm Tommy Atkins]. A series of five articles including [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/flipbook/atkinsdomestic/atkinsdomestic.html "The Domestic Life of Tommy Atkins"], [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/flipbook/atkinsmarried/atkinsmarried.html "Tommy Atkins Married"], about aspects of life in the Army in the late Victorian period.<ref> Originally published in ''The Redan'', journal of The Palmerston Forts Society, three articles by Duncan Williams , (originally published in 1999-2001 (issues 46, 50, 53)) and two articles by David Moore (issues 72,74). From the website [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/index.htm Victorian Forts and Artillery].</ref> These articles in turn include quotes from a series of articles which appeared in ''Navy and Army Illustrated'' commencing in June 1898 which gave insight into the life of an ordinary soldier. ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:OCl-4IMEZ3IJ:www.victorianforts.co.uk/tommyatkins.htm+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] URL)
*[http://royalartillery1815.co.uk/index.php?page=british-soldiers-wives British Soldiers' Wives in the Napoleonic Era] Royalartillery1815.co.uk
*[http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Enlistment_of_Boy_Soldiers_in_the_British_Army,_1795-1959 Enlistment of Boy Soldiers in the British Army, 1795-1959] Your Archives
*History of the British Army Vol II by J W Fortescue [http://archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02fortuoft#page/170/mode/2up First British troops to land in India p 171]
*The National Archives [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/podcasts podcasts] have a [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/podcasts/military-history.htm military history] category including
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/podcasts/sahib.htm Sahib, the British soldier in India, 1750 – 1914] by Professor Richard Holmes
*The life of a soldier in India in the early 1900s is discussed in this Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=6187#p24669 thread]. Includes reference to the book ''Old Soldier Sahib'' by Frank Richards, "an excellent read", which is about this period in India and Burma. First published in 1936, a reprint is available to purchase through Amazon.co.uk from the [http://astore.amazon.co.uk/faminbriindso-21/detail/1843425580 FIBIS Shop]. Also available at the [[British Library]]. Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=93&t=7862&p=34986#p34937 thread] about a 2005 edition , annotated by Krijnen and Langley, with many footnotes and illustrations. "Each page is annotated to give information on Frank Richards’s friends, his officers, the places where he served in India and Burma, dates, events and the language, for example". Stated to be available at the [[British Library]] (although not in the catalogue).
*This [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=161038&view=findpost&p=1561465 Great War Forum thread] advises the book ''A Strange War: Burma, India and Afghanistan 1914-1919'' by C P Mills 1988 describes experiences of Territorials in India during the Great War. The book is available at the [[British Library]]. The Regiment was the 2/5th Battalion of the [[13th Regiment of Foot|Somerset Light Infantry]]
*Recruiting regions of Irish infantry regiments in the British Army from 1881 until 1922. A list of regiments, depots, counties together with a map. Select page 5 of this [http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuigalway.ie%2Fgeography%2Fdocuments%2FHeritage-Chapter.pdf docs.google version] or [http://www.nuigalway.ie/geography/documents/Heritage-Chapter.pdf pdf]<ref>[[http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuigalway.ie%2Fgeography%2Fdocuments%2FHeritage-Chapter.pdf "A Lost Heritage: The Connaught Rangers and Multivocal Irishness"] (docs.google version) by John Morrissey, 2005 , Chapter 3 of ''Ireland’s Heritages: Critical Perspectives on Memory and Identity'' edited by M Mc Carthy 2005. Website: Geography Dept, National University of Ireland, Galway. [http://www.nuigalway.ie/geography/documents/Heritage-Chapter.pdf original pdf]</ref>
*"Information Document on the Irish Regiments of the British Army up to 31st July 1922". Irish Military Archives Dublin [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:gru7mwoB39wJ:www.militaryarchives.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Information_Document_on_the_Irish_Regiments_of_the_British_Army.pdf+East+India+Company+Army+Officer+transferred+to+British+Army&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgCmZns12hkE99NCTwYnZKxBIa4CjLHDnw00dDl-G-8dtP1fL8-uTOAW7hmuWptxLNBj6KyIKcTQks7CUK3bSgfr0dHI1OD9SJBPt_WF5uJfUQv6u4xXrgLdcVyfwHGhwNS1tiQ&sig=AHIEtbQcITGpWlwjYSS1F9kR0LlOKkmu4A docs.google version], [http://www.militaryarchives.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Information_Document_on_the_Irish_Regiments_of_the_British_Army.pdf original pdf] ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:LjXeAT9eDP0J:www.military.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/images/Info_Centre/Docs2/archives_docs/summary_information_document_on_the_irish_regiments_of_the_british_army.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] URL)
*[http://jameshenrymiller.petermillerphotoworld.co.uk/index.html James Henry Miller], born 1910. He was in India October 1932-1935 with the [[2nd Bombay (European) Fusiliers|2nd Battalion, Durham Light Infantry]]. His memories of daily life in a regiment performing garrison duties. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131114013901/http://jameshenrymiller.petermillerphotoworld.co.uk/16.html His Story, His Words Part Four] (scroll down), [https://web.archive.org/web/20131114014056/http://jameshenrymiller.petermillerphotoworld.co.uk/17.html Part Five], [https://web.archive.org/web/20131114014327/http://jameshenrymiller.petermillerphotoworld.co.uk/18.html Part Six] Includes photographs. Family website. (archived links)
*[http://www.davidhorsfield.org.uk/index.asp ''From Semaphore to Satellite The memoirs of Major General David Horsfield, Royal Signals''] may be read online. He served in Burma during World War 2 and was then in India 1942-1946. ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:9BDKXd8louQJ:www.davidhorsfield.org.uk/+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] URL)
*[http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmvf.co.uk%2Fpdf%2FHORSE_TRANSPORT.pdf "British Army Horse Transport"] (docs.google version) by Clive Elliott 2008 hmvf.co.uk [http://www.hmvf.co.uk/pdf/HORSE_TRANSPORT.pdf original pdf]
*Military reasons for the expansion of the railways are explained in [http://www.essaysinhistory.com/articles/2011/5 "“Fire-Carriages” of the Raj: The Indian Railway and its Rapid Development in British India"] by Amit K. Sharma 2010<ref>[http://www.essaysinhistory.com/articles/2011/5 “Fire-Carriages” of the Raj: The Indian Railway and its Rapid Development in British India”] by Amit K. Sharma 2010 ''Essays In History. Annual Journal of the Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia''
</ref>
*[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8dPEQktOJAidUZpMmRvaG11aHc/edit?pli=1 ''The system of purchase and sale of commissions in the British Army and the campaign for its abolition 1660 - 1871''] by Anthony Peter Charles Bruce. PhD Thesis Manchester University, 1949. This link leads to a large pdf which may be opened or downloaded. The thesis may also may be accessed from this [http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.488928 British Library Ethos] link. If this is not a permanent link type uk.bl.ethos.488928 (or the title) in the search in this [http://ethos.bl.uk/Home.do British Library Ethos Home] link. Most of the British Library Ethos downloads are [http://ethos.bl.uk/About.do free]
*Schola Forum’s [http://www.fioredeiliberi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=25 Online Fencing and Martial Treatises] includes some links on shooting manuals etc, particularly [http://www.fioredeiliberi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=22&start=50 19thC Treatises], which includes [http://www.fioredeiliberi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=17479 this post] which links to [http://archive.org/stream/soldierspocketg00undegoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''The Soldier's Pocket Guide to Shooting''] by W G Underhill 1878 Archive.org

===Historical books online===
*Also see [[Military periodicals online]]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=j0MIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Lists of the officers of His Majesty's, and the Hon. Company's troops, serving under the presidency of Bombay. Adjutant General's Office. January 1st. 1798''] Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/advanced_book_search Google Books] has editions of ''A List of the Officers of the Army and of the Corps of Royal Marines'' 1778-1855 (incomplete series) and [http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:p&tbo=p&q=intitle:New+intitle:Annual+intitle:Army+intitle:List&num=10 ''New Annual Army List''] and [http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:p&tbo=p&q=intitle:New+intitle:Army+intitle:List&num=10 ''New Army List''] 1840-1869 (incomplete series). Some additional volumes may be found if they are searched for individually. Also see [[Military periodicals online]] for editions mainly from 1863.
*Annual ''Army List''s from 1754 to 1879 are available to download (free of cost) as pdf files from the [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/digital-microfilm.asp The National Archives Documents Online: Digital Microfilm],under WO 65 records.
*''The Royal Military Calendar, Or Army Service and Commission Book: Containing the Services and Progress of Promotion of the Generals, Lieutenant-generals, Major-generals, Colonels, Lieutenant-colonels, and Majors of the Army, According to Seniority: with Details of the Principal Military Events of the Last Century Third Edition'' by John Philippart 1820 Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ETmnfShFw-8C&pg=PR1 Volume 1], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vg6zfusHsSAC&pg=RA1-PR3 Volume 2], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=uQt4PleGb8QC&pg=PP11 Volume 3], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=bNbre3lCAawC&pg=PP11 Volume 4], [http://books.google.com/books?id=e_BhWkIKNUoC&pg=PP15 Volume 5]
*''A History of the British Army'' by Sir John William Fortescue. Archive.org. This [http://www.naval-military-press.com/fortescue-s-history-of-the-british-army-complete-set-20-volumes-including-six-separate-map-volumes..html link]<ref>Naval and Military Press</ref> describes the contents of the volumes.
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02fortuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 2, 1713 to 1763] (1899), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish03fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 3, 1763-1793] (1911), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish04fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 4, 1789-1801] (1906), [http://www.archive.org/stream/ahistorybritish00fortgoog#page/n9/mode/2up Volume 4, Part II 1789-1801] (1906), [http://www.archive.org/stream/britisharmy06fortuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 6, 1807-1809] (1910), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritis07fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 7, 1809-1810] (1912), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish08fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 8, 1811-1812] (1917), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish09fortuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 9, 1813-1814] (1920), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish10fortuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 10, 1814-1815] (1920)
**Relating to India: [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02fortuoft#page/170/mode/2up Volume 2, page 167], [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish03fortuoft#page/48/mode/2up Volume 3 page 49], [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish04fortuoft#page/402/mode/2up Volume 4 page 402], [http://www.archive.org/stream/ahistorybritish00fortgoog#page/n137/mode/2up Volume 4, Part II, page 711], [http://www.archive.org/stream/britisharmy06fortuoft#page/40/mode/2up Volume 6 page 40], [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritis07fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 7 page 563]
:The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website: Volume 5, 1803 to 1807, includes detailed treatment of the situation and operations in the East Indies and Ceylon. Volume 11,1815-1838, includes the War with Nepal, the Pindari War, the War in Ceylon and the War with Burma. Volume 12, 1839-52. This volume is mainly concerned with India, and covers operations in Afghanistan and on the Khyber Pass, together with internal security operations in India itself. Volume 13, 1852-1870, includes the Indian Mutiny
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofscottis00murrrich#page/n5/mode/2up ''History of the Scottish regiments in the British Army''] by Arch. K. Murray 1862 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofscotlan08browiala#page/n15/mode/2up ''The History of Scotland, its Highlands, Regiments and Clans, Volume VIII''] by James Browne 1909 Archive.org. This volume includes the regiments.
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ybk_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 "East Indies"] page 1 ''The Regimental Companion: Containing the Pay, Allowances and Relative Duties of Every Officer in the British Service, Volume 3'' by Charles James 7th edition, considerably enlarged 1811 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=n1ABAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Strength, Composition and Organization of the Army of Great Britain''] by Capt Martin Petrie (1864) Google Books
*[http://archive.org/stream/armybookforbrit00daltgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''The Army Book for the British Empire: A Record of the Development and Present Composition of the Military Forces and their Duties in Peace and War''] by William Howley Goodenough and James Cecil Dalton. HMSO 1893 Archive.org. Includes [http://archive.org/stream/armybookforbrit00daltgoog#page/n472/mode/2up "The Army in India"] page 442
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=6OcKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR6 ''Camp and Barrack-room, Or, The British Army as It Is''] by John Mercier McMullen, a late Staff Sergeant of the 13th Light Infantry (1846) Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=3nkQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''The British Army in India: its preservation by an appropriate clothing, housing etc''] by Julius Jeffreys, formerly Staff-Surgeon of Cawnpore 1858 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=lnMIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA62 "Adulterated Liquor sold to Sailors and Soldiers in the Bazars of Calcutta"] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=lnMIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA65 "The dangers to which Sailors and Soldiers are exposed in the Bazars of Calcutta"] from ''On the preservation of the health of seamen, especially of those frequenting Calcutta and the other Indian ports'' by Norman Chevers MD, Surgeon, Bengal Army 1864 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=c1lNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA308 "East India (Transport of Troops")]. Report of Select Committee c 1858 page 308 'Series F British India, Colonies etc' ''Annals of British Legislation, Volume 5'' edited by Leone Levi 1859 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=z58EAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PR50 "Report on the Ships "Clifton Belle" and "Dudbrook," which arrived at Kurrachee with Soldiers' Families in March 1860"] by Surgeon Major D.Grierson M.D., Staff Surgeon, Kurrachee. Appendix page l, ''Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Bombay, Volume VI, New Series 1860'' Google Books. There were many deaths on board, particularly of young children
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=m-yDhirnqWAC&pg=PA226 "The New Overland Troop Service to India"] ''Colburns’s United Service Magazine 1867 Part 3'', page 226. Google Books. (The Suez Canal was subsequently opened for navigation on 17 November 1869)
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/akingshussarbei00compgoog#page/n159/mode/2up "Cantonment Life [c 1876<nowiki>]</nowiki>"] , page 151 from ''A King's Hussar: Being the Military Memoirs for Twenty-five Years of a Troop-sergeant-major of the 14th (King’s) Hussars'' by Edwin Mole 1897 Archive.org .
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/worldsstoryhisto02tapp#page/216/mode/2up "Sunday in the British Army in India"] by Rev. Arthur Male, (written sometime after the defence of the Residency of Kabul, on the 3rd September 1879) from ''The world's story; a history of the world in story, song and art, Volume II India, Persia, Mesopotamia and Palestine''] ed. by Eva March Tappan (1914) Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/soldieringandsc00forbgoog#page/n11/mode/2up "A Penny A Day"] page 9; [http://archive.org/stream/soldieringandsc00forbgoog#page/n33/mode/2up "Soldiers’ Wives"] Page 30 from [http://archive.org/stream/soldieringandsc00forbgoog#page/n5/mode/2up ''Soldiering and Scribbling: A Series of Sketches''] by Archibald Forbes 1872 Archive.org.
*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012890970#page/n7/mode/2up ''Social Life in the British Army''] by "A British Officer" Illustrated by R. Caton Woodville. 1899 Archive.org
**[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012890970#page/n83/mode/2up The officer in India, page 55],[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012890970#page/n137/mode/2up The soldier in India, page 94], [http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012890970#page/n119/mode/2up The soldier’s wife’s view of India, page 81]
*''The Queen's Daughters in India'' by Elizabeth W. Andrew and Katharine C. Bushnell 1899. Investigation and Report by two American missionaries into the government sanctioned brothels in British Army cantonments. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:6-uExL5PKGwJ:godswordtowomen.org/queensdaughters.pdf+The+Queen's+Daughters+in+India%5D+by+Elizabeth+W.+Andrew+and+Katharine+C.+Bushnell&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShPbE6SN6YMqINh2UpPN22obBlMpC-F25pXQNP6hXdKXbrlt9sNHKd35YNlsNWtk2Qp3dPOiuahzk5_M6ExwD0T__EDRYdAmhqsJZqT6Iuholr8GJsTdfQFdCBIy5hWNpxhnvHL&sig=AHIEtbR6kxCKSY6bANlzwxJh21qZofQJ_w html version], [http://godswordtowomen.org/queensdaughters.pdf original pdf] godswordtowomen.org
*''Army Equipment'' by various Topographical Staff, War Office Google Books
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=TSoBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR4 ''Part I: Equipment of Cavalry''] by Lieutenant HM Hozier 2nd Life Guards 1864
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=dDIBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 ''Part II: Equipment of Artillery''] by Major Miller RA c 1864
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=cioBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Part III-Section 1 Engineers : Equipment of a Company of Engineers''] by Lieut-Colonel A. C. Cooke RE 1866
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=lCoBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 ''Part IV: Equipment of Military Train''] by Lieutenant HM Hozier 2nd Life Guards c 1865
**[http://books.google.com/books?id=lSoBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 ''Part V: Equipment of Infantry''] by Captain Martin Petrie 1864
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=lioBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 ''Part VI: Equipment of Commissariat Staff Corps''] by Lieutenant HM Hozier 2nd Life Guards c 1864
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=byoAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP15 ''Part VII :Hospital Equipment for a Battalion of Infantry, Regiment of Cavalry, Battery of Artillery, and a Company of Engineers''] by Captain Martin Petrie, c 1866
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=vVMBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 ''Regulations for the Dress of General, Staff and Regimental Officers of the Army''] 1864 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HS0zN8ZFqUcC&pg=PR1 ''The British Soldier: An Anecdotal History of the British Army from Its Earliest Formation to the Present Time''] by J.H Stocqueler 1857 Google Books
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HS0zN8ZFqUcC&pg=PA283 Appendix: "The Soldier’s condition from “Enlistment” to “Pension”"] pages 283-315 with the [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HS0zN8ZFqUcC&pg=PR8 Contents of the Appendix]
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=txQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP9 ''Royal warrant and regulations regarding army services: and Explanatory directions for the information and guidance of paymasters and others 1st July 1848''] Google Books
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=txQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA211 "Pensions for Discharged Soldiers"], page 211
*''The Queen's Regulations and Orders for the Army'' [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=G9mgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 1 July 1844 3rd edition] Google Books; [http://archive.org/stream/queensregulation00grea#page/n3/mode/2up 1 December 1859] Archive.org; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RCsAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR2 1 January 1868] including [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RCsAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA287 "Discharge of Soldiers", page 287] Google Books; [http://archive.org/stream/queensregulatio00armygoog#page/n9/mode/2up 1 July 1899] Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GgUHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Revised Army Regulations Volume 1: Royal Warrant for the Pay and Promotion, Non-effective Pay, and Allowances of Her Majesty's British Forces serving elsewhere than in India''] dated 27 December 1870 HMSO Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/catalogueofbooks00cockrich#page/n1/mode/2up ''A catalogue of books relating to the military history of India''] drawn up by Maurice J.D. Cockle 1901 Archive.org

== References ==
<references />

{{#widget:Google PlusOne
|size=small
|count=true
}}

[[Category:British Army| ]]

[[Category:Armies]]

8th Regiment of Foot

2011-07-06T12:18:53Z

Deipnosophista: /* Service in British India */

Also known as '''The Liverpools'''
== Chronology ==
*'''1685''' raised as the Princess Anne of Denmark's Regiment of Foot
*'''1702''' became the Queen's Regiment of Foot
*'''1715''' became the King's Regiment of Foot
*'''1751''' became 8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot
*'''1881''' became The King's (Liverpool Regiment)
*'''1921''' became The King's Regiment (Liverpool)
*'''1958''' amalgamated with the 1st Battalion, Manchester Regiment to become the King's Regiment (Manchester and Liverpool)
*'''2006''' amalgamated with the King's Own Royal Border Regiment and the Queen's Lancashire Regiment to become the 2nd Battalion Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's Lancashire and Border)

== Service in British India ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''1st Battalion''' alternated with
|
| '''2nd Battalion'''
|-
| '''1801''' [[Egyptian Campaign 1801|Egypt]]
|
| '''1833''' India
|-
| '''1846''' India
|
| '''1838''' [[Burma]]
|-
| '''1868''' India
|
| '''1842''' India
|-
| '''1905''' [[Nusseerabad|Nasirabad]]
|
| '''1870''' India
|-
| '''1932''' [[Jubbulpore]]
|
| '''1880''' [[2nd Afghan War|Afghanistan]]
|-
| '''1938''' [[Landi Kotal]]
|
| '''1882''' [[Egyptian Campaign 1882|Egypt]]
|-
| '''1945''' India
|
| '''1904''' [[Sitapur]]
|-
|
|
| '''1906''' [[Secunderabad]]
|-
|
|
| '''1909''' [[Kamptee]]

|-
|
|
| '''1911''' [[Jullunder]]

|-
|
|
| '''1916''' [[Mesopotamia Campaign|Mesopotamia]]
|}
The regiment was at Deesa in Gujarat on 20 July 1853.

== External Links ==
===Historical Books Online===
*''Historical record of the Eighth, or King’s Regiment of Foot: containing an account of the formation of the regiment in 1685, and of its subsequent services to 1844'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=0wYRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR4-IA5 Google Books] 1844
*''Historical record of the King’s Liverpool Regiment of Foot: containing an account of the formation of the regiment in 1685, and of its subsequent services to 1881 [http://www.archive.org/stream/historicalrecor00goog Archive.org] 1883.This contains information from the previously mentioned book. Indian Service commences [http://www.archive.org/stream/historicalrecor00goog#page/n142/mode/1up page 95] in 1846

===Other===
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_(The_King's)_Regiment_of_Foot 8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_King%27s_(Liverpool_Regiment) King's Regiment (Liverpool)] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_King%27s_Regiment_(Liverpool) King's Regiment (Liverpool)] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Lancaster%27s_Regiment_(King%27s_Lancashire_and_Border) Duke of Lancaster's Regiment] Wikipedia
[[Category:British Army Infantry Regiments]] 
[http://www.britisharmedforces.org/i_regiments/kingsLiv_index.htm The King's Regiment (Liverpool)] British Armed Forces & National Service. Shows deployments. 
[http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Biographical_Research:_The_King's_Regiment Biographical Research: The King's Regiment] Your Archives 
[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:1X2lZv6_moUJ:www.thefedoralounge.com/showthread.php%3Ft%3D11144%26page%3D56+King%E2%80%99s+Liverpool+Regiment+1935+Landi+Kotel+North+West+Frontier&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Photos] (scroll down) of King’s Liverpool Regiment 1935 Landi Kotel North West Frontier 
[http://www.pegasusarchive.org/pow/arthur_howney.htm Private Arthur Leslie Howney] (www.pegasusarchive.org) He died a prisoner of war in Burma in 1943

Indian Army

2011-01-29T10:31:10Z

Deipnosophista: /* External Links */ correct link

The official (British) '''Indian Army''' was formed in 1895. Prior to this date there were three separate [[East India Company Army|Presidency armies]] (which after 1861 were sometimes unofficially referred to as the Indian Army).

Indian Army regiments can be viewed [[:Category:Indian Army|here]].

==See also==
*[[Armies in India]] - an overview
*[[Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns]]

== British Indian Army Cavalry==
The British Indian Army maintained about forty regiments of cavalry, officered by British and manned by Indian sowars (cavalrymen). The legendary exploits of this branch lives on in literature and early films. Among the more famous regiments in the lineages of modern Indian and Pakistani Armies are:
*[[Governor General's Bodyguard]] (now President's Bodyguard)
*[[Skinner's Horse]] (now India's 1st Horse (Skinner's)
*[[Gardner's Horse]] (now India's 2nd Lancers (Gardner's)
*[[Hodson's Horse]] (now India's 4th Horse (Hodson's) of the Bengal Lancers fame
*[[6th Bengal Cavalry]] (later amalgamated with 7th Hariana Lancers to form 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry) now 18th Cavalry of the *Indian Army
*[[Probyn's Horse]] (now Pakistani)
*Royal Deccan Horse (now India's The Deccan Horse)
*[[Poona Horse]] (now India's The Poona Horse)
*Queen's Own Guides Cavalry (now partitioned between Pakistan and India).
*Several of these formations are still active, though they now are armoured formations, for example Guides Cavalry in Pakistan.

The book ''Izzat: Historical Records and Iconography of Indian Cavalry Regiments 1750-2007'' by Ashok Nath 2009 is available at the [[British Library]]. It includes information about uniforms, badges and emblems. These two reviews give deails about the book: [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090412/spectrum/book1.htm Tribune India review]. [http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:8uGLroXcIqUJ:www.sasnet.lu.se/izzat.pdf+%22Izzat+-+Historical+Records+and+Iconography+of+Indian+Cavalry+Regiments+1750-2007%22.&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESh-InU8JQ-oS0lvYFzYB9yfef6lOzsCM4VkCPqrBf3Yizn-XR_ixPITgwOt87jzOA1T4FUIcfzgYDyfeB9KebBmrNcBLwgA6sCMRqH2pSCFGLqDPUEjoxFM5JosMAB5Qe-nmbHG&sig=AHIEtbTh0C5-ceE26eezrLYWp9nclAW-5g SASNET review:html version], [http://www.sasnet.lu.se/izzat.pdf original pdf version] Swedish South Asian Studies Network

==Reserve of Officers==
The official title was Army in India Reserve of Officers or A.I.R.O, but it was also known as the Indian Army Reserve of Officers, or I.A.R.O.

Some, or perhaps all, appointments were promulgated in the ''London Gazette'', which may be searched online [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/search here]

There are India Office Records at the British Library called Collection 397 Reserve of Officers [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_3-2_1-6&cid=1-1-117#1-1-117 '''IOR/L/MIL/7/16215-16279'''] 1886-1940 .Another item is the publication ''Regulations for the Army in India Reserve of Officers 1939''. Delhi: Defence Dept, 1939. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_8-2_3-1&cid=1-1-1-20-6#1-1-1-20-6 '''IOR/L/MIL/17/5/654'''] 1939

==Records==
There are India Office records in the British Library, reference [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_8-1&cid=1-2#1-2 '''IOR L/MIL/14''']. The records include Indian Army Records of Service [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_8-1&cid=1-2-13#1-2-13 '''IOR/L/MIL/14/239/1-72481'''] c1901-1947. The closure period for these files has been set at 75 years from the date of entry of the serviceman/woman into the service. The files are opened on an annual basis. On 1 January 2010, files relating to persons joining the service in 1934 were opened. A complete alphabetical index to the opened files is now available on open access in the Asian & African Studies Reading Room at the [[British Library]]

Additionally, there are publications from the Military Department Library in respect of the Indian Army, catalogue entry [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_8-2_3-1&cid=1-1-1#1-1-1 '''IOR/L/MIL/17/5''' ] 1854-1947 including
*''Indian Army List'' [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_8-2_3-1&cid=1-1-1-1#1-1-1-1 '''IOR/L/MIL/17/5/1-219'''] 1889-1947
*Stations of the Army in India Distribution Lists/Lists of Units [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_8-2_3-1&cid=1-1-1-23#1-1-1-23 '''IOR/L/MIL/17/5/771-1132'''] 1908-1947

Earlier Indian Army Lists may be found in India Office Serials [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorv_1&cid=1-6#1-6 '''IOR/V/6'''] 1768-1948 including
*''Indian Army and Civil Service'' List'', from January, 1861 '''IOR/V/6/125-156''' 1861-1876
*''India List Civil and Military, from January, 1877 '''IOR/V/6/157-191'' 1877-1895

These are available as LDS microfilms and appear in the [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=778871 LDS catalogue] as ''An East-India register and directory''. The LDS catalogue also has an [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=578082&disp=The+India+Office+list%2C+1886%2D1940&columns=*,0,0 entry] for "The India Office list, 1886-1940 : containing an account of the services of the officers in the Indian service and other information" available on microfiche. These may be equivalent to the Indian Army Lists (see above), but the range of dates is slightly different, so the exact relationship between the two Lists is unclear.

A limited number of additional [[LDS]] (Mormon) microfilms are available in respect of the Indian Army with [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&keyword=%22Indian+Army%22+%22India+Office%22&prekeyword=%22Indian+Army%22+%22India+Office%22 Library catalogue entries] using keyword search “Indian Army” and “India Office”

[http://www.naval-military-press.com/indian-army-list-1919.html Naval and Military Press] has published the Indian Army List 1919, a four-volume comprehensive list of the Indian Army during the Great War. It includes its British officers and gives details of ranks, promotions, background, honours and awards of all who served in India and other theatres.

Refer [[Directories online]] for mainly pre 1861 Army Lists available online included in the ''East-India Register & Directory''. However currently (December 2010) there is an 1869 Indian Army List available online.

[http://www.unithistories.com/officers/IndianArmy_officers_A01.html Indian Army Officers 1939-1945] from World War II Unit Histories & Officers

===National Army Museum===
The [[National Army Museum]] in London has the following guide on its website:
*[http://www.national-army-museum.ac.uk/oldResearch/files/tscInfo1.pdf Information Sheet No 1: Researching soldiers of the East India Company’s Armies and the Indian Army].

The collection at the NAM includes the card index by Hodson and Percy Smith which includes details of officers who joined the Indian Army from Sandhurst, warrant officers and some Emergency Commissioned Officers of the Second World War. The NAM collection also includes 3,400 questionnaires completed in the 1960’s, 70s and 80s by former India Army Officers about their careers and families.

== External Links ==
'''Wikipedia''':
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Army British Indian Army (1895-1947)]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regiments_of_the_Indian_Army_(1903) List of Indian Army Regiments 1903]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regiments_of_the_Indian_Army_(1922) List of Indian Army Regiments 1922]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Army_during_World_War_II Indian Army during World War II]

'''Other''':
*[http://www.answers.com/topic/indian-army-1 Military History Companion: Indian army]-An overview from Answers.com
*[http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/uk/indianarmy1902.html Indian Army 1902] orbat.com
*[http://www.indianmilitaryhistory.org Center for Indian Military History] from Orders of Battle (orbat.com) is an index page which has links to articles such as “British-Indian Army: Imperial Service Troops 1888-1918”, “Indian Infantry Regiments of World War I: 1st Brahmans through 30th Punjabis “, “Indian Army, 1939” and the “British Indian Army”. The page [http://www.orbat.com/site/history/index.html History] also has some links about the Indian Army pre 1947 which do not appear to be included in the previous index page.
*[http://www.king-emperor.com/index.htm For the King-Emperor] The Indian Army during 1901-1939. Photos, histories, profiles etc.
*[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll3&CISOPTR=384&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 "British colonial experience in Waziristan and its applicability to current operations"] by Matthew W Williams, 2005 from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library
*[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll3&CISOPTR=1209&CISOBOX=1&REC=1#metajump "The Indian Army in Africa and Asia 1940-1942 Implications for the planning and execution of two nearly- simultaneous campaigns"] by Major James Scudieri, 1995 from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library
*BBC website World War 2 People's War [http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/search/index.shtml?scope=ww2peopleswar&q=Indian+Army&x=18&y=8 Stories involving the Indian Army] and [http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/categories/c1270 Stories in the Category India]
*[http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/indiancavalry/indiancavalrypre1857.htm Indian Cavalry] British Empire website
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=eJ-avmU6o80C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Bengal+Cavalry+Regiments+1857-1914&ei=-nDGSZukMpHaMbqWvOwN Bengal Cavalry Regiments 1857-1914] Google Books
*''A register of titles of the units of the H.E.I.C. & Indian armies, 1666-1947'' by Chris Kempton published by the British Empire and Commonwealth Museum, c1997. Available at the [[ British Library]] ([http://catalogue.bl.uk/F/2EPNT79UJUARC6GV5J3RLVQ6AG43CJ45LKBDY7P51AUYTD2Q22-63546?func=full-set-set&set_number=007163&set_entry=000001&format=999 catalogue entry])
*The [http://www.usiofindia.org United Service Institution of India] was founded in 1870 . It was founded for 'furtherance of interest and knowledge ...of the Defence Services.' It has published a Journal since that time, with the following (pdf) indexes which may be searched. [http://www.usiofindia.org/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20USI%20Journal%20Index%20Part%20-I.pdf Index Part 1: 1871-1921], [http://www.usiofindia.org/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20USI%20Journal%20Index%20part%20-II.pdf Index Part 2: 1922-1970]. The Journals are available at the [[British Library]] from 1883 (Volume 12)
*[http://www.indian-tales.com/pages0-9.asp ''Indian Tales''] by Patrick O‘Meara (born 1930) describes his childhood in India, spent in Army cantonments. His father was in the Royal Indian Army Service Corps (RIASC). Indian-tales.com

== Recommended Reading ==

*[http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Military_reading_list ''A Matter of honour : an account of the Indian Army, its officers and men. By Philip Mason (London: Cape, 1974)''] Review in FIBIS [[Military reading list]]
*[http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Military_reading_list ''India’s Army by Donovan Jackson (pub 1940)''] Review in FIBIS [[Military reading list]]

[[Category:Indian Army]]

[[Category:Armies]]

Great Indian Peninsula Railway

2011-01-13T21:53:45Z

Deipnosophista:

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image= GIPR Bombay-Poona Mail.jpg
|caption= ''The Bombay-Poona Mail in full flight about 1910''
|route= [[Bombay]] to [[Raichur]] (SE Division} [[Bombay]] to [[Jubbulpore]] (NE Division)) [[Bhusawal]] to [[Delhi]] [[Bhusawal]] to [[Nagpur]]
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 1562 miles (1905)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1845
|timeline1details= Company formed
|timeline2date= 1853
|timeline2details= First section of line open to traffic
|timeline3date= 1871
|timeline3details= Through trains to [[Calcutta]] ''via'' [[Jubbulpore]]
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details= [[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]] absorbed
|timeline5date= 1900
|timeline5details= Line acquired by State
|presidency= [[Bombay]]
|stations= [[Kalyan]], [[Poona]], [[Hotgi]], [[Wadi]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Chanda]], [[Khandwa]], [[Itarsi]], [[Narsinghpur]]
|system1date=
|system1details= Worked by Great Indian Peninsula Railway
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|auxillary forces=
}}

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image= Great Indian Peninsula Railway.jpg
|caption= ''Great Indian Peninsula Railway device''
|timeline1date= 1900
|timeline1details= Company re-formed to work State line
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date= 1925
|timeline4details= Government takes over working of system
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|company1=
|company1details= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]
|company2=
|company2details= [[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]
|company3=
|company3details= [[Bhopal-Itarsi Railway]]
|company4=
|company4details= [[Bhopal-Ujjain Railway]]
|company5=
|company5details= [[Bina-Goona-Baran Railway]]
|company6=
|company6details= [[Gwalior Light Railway]]
|company7= 1900
|company7details= [[Indian Midland Railway]]
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9=
|company9details=
|company10=
|company10details=
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12=
|company12details=
|headquarters= [[Bombay]]
|workshop= [[Parel]]
|stations= [[Agra]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Amraoti]], [[Banda]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bhusawal]], [[Cawnpore]], [[Chanda]], [[Delhi]], [[Dholpur]], [[Gwalior]], [[Hotgi]], [[Itarsi]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Khandwa]], [[Muttra]], [[Nagpur]], [[Narsinghpue]], [[Poona]], [[Raichur]], [[Saugor]], [[Wadi]]
|system1date= 1951
|system1details= [[Central Railway]] (IR zone)
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 2988 miles (1905) 3363 miles (1943)
|gauge2= 2' 0" NG
|gauge2details= 183 miles (1905) 202 miles (1943)
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment]]
}}

Like most of the early railways in India, the '''Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' (GIPR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under licence and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the [[East India Company]] (EIC). The GIPR was India's and Asia's first railway.

== History ==

Formed in 1845, it was not until 1849 (at the urging of the then Governor, Lord Dalhousie) that the EIC sanctioned the GIPR to construct an experimental line, built to the broad gauge of 5' 6", eastward from Bombay. The first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851, but the first passenger train in India did not run until 16 April 1853, when a train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: ''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''. The 21 mile journey took an hour and fifteen minutes over the first section of the GIPR to be opened.

By 1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - viz. from Bombay, ''via'' Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore - 870 miles; and from Callian, ''via'' Poonah and Sholapore, to the opposite side of the river Kristna, to meet the line, ''via'' Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000''l''l. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000''l''. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000''l''. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made."<ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref>

[[Image:India-rail-1870.jpg|left|thumb|Map of GIPR in 1870]]

When, in 1871, the GIPR eventually reached [[Jubbulpore]] and linked to the [[East Indian Railway]] (EIR), it completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.

On 30 June 1900, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.

On 1 July 1925, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPR.

In 1951, the GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].

The principal economic benefit of the GIPR was the opening up of the interior to external trade. The two lines up the Western Ghats were fully open by 1865 in time for cotton from the Deccan to be exported from Bombay to Manchester thus filling the trade gap created by the American Civil War.

==Construction==
===The Western Ghats===
The narrow coastal plain of India's west side is separated from the Deccan plateau by a mountain range which rises 1200m (3,900 ft) and which has always restricted internal communication with the Arabian Sea.

====Bhore Ghat Incline - between Kalyan and Poona====

The GIPR south-eastern route towards Madras.

Incline length: 15 miles, tunnels: 26 (totalling 2.25 miles in length),and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.

[[Civil Engineers]] included:
Consulting Engineer England: '''Robert Stephenson''' (until his death 1859)
*GIPR Chief Engineer 1849 - 1862: '''James James Berkley''' (surveyor and route designer).
*GIPR 2nd Engineer 1850 - CB Kerr
*GIPR 3rd Engineer 1850 Robert W Graham (his assistant Robert Maitland Brereton)
Consultant engineer 1847 - 1867: '''Arthur Anderson West''' (surveyor of the Bhore Gate Incline).<ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/imotp.1913.17480.pdf "Obituary of Arthur Anderson West MICE"] p 363</ref>

GIPR Engineers: Messrs Adamson and Clowser, replaced by Messrs West and Tate in November 1859.

'''Construction Contractors'''

The contract was awarded (autumn 1855) to '''William Frederick Faviell''' and work begun at Bhore Ghat on 24 January 1856. In March 1859, Faviell gave up his contract; for a short time, two GIPR engineers, '''Swainson Adamson''' and '''George Louis Clowser''', carried on the work.

The GIPR construction contract was relet in November 1859 to Solomon Tredwell who died within fifteen days of landing in India. His wife, Alice Tredwell, assumed the contract and appointed Messrs Adamson and Clowser to manage the contract for her in her absence, as Mrs Tredwell returned to England. This arrangement was to last seven years.

“These gentlemen (Adamson and Clowser) carried on the work with the greatest zeal and ability.” Labour management could limit construction progress, but “by their good and liberal management (Adamson and Clowser) collected and kept on the work a force of 25,000 men during two seasons, and in 1861 of more than 42,000 men.”<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Thane-I/trade_roads.html#5 Railways] Thana District Gazetteer</ref>

====Thul Ghat incline - between Kalyan and Nasik====

The GIPR north-eastern route towards the Gangetic plain.

===Stations===
Bombay's Victoria Terminus was both the principal station and GIPR's HQ; designed by [[architect]] Frederick William Stevens, it opened on Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee.
The GIPR had a collection of sidings spurring off to the docks in the east Bombay. There were numerous spurs to:
*Victoria Dock 1891
*Princes Dock 1888
*Carnac Basin
*Malet Basin
*Frere Basin
*Clerk Basin

== Records ==

The following are held in the [[India Office Records]] at the [[British Library]].

*'''L/AG/46/12/86''' : GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)
*'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)
*'''Z/L/AG/46''' : Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-1925)
*'''Mss Eur D1184/14''' : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov 1861 British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections

==Staff==

Jas Robert Campbell was recorded in the Bombay ecclesiastical records deaths registers as "foreman, goods traffic, GIP railway". He died of a hepatic abscess in 1887 at the age of 58 (vol 61 fol 166).

==Notes==
<references />

== External Links ==

*[http://www.allen-family-tree.co.uk/solomon-tredwell.html Solomon and Alice Tredwell, contractors for Bhore Ghat] ''Instone Family Tree''.

*[http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?txtkeys1=Great+Indian+Peninsula+Railway GIPR picture gallery] ''Science & Society Picture Library''.

*[http://the-railway-image.fotopic.net/c600548.html GIPR picture gallery] ''David Flitcroft's Photographs''.

*[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-in-india "Guaranteed Railways in India"] ''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)

*[http://www.centralrailwayonline.com/aboutus.jsp History (of Central Railway)] ''Central Railway (Indian Railways)''.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus Victoria Terminus, (GIPR HQ & station[Bombay])] Wikipedia (now known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus)
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway incline: ] By James John Berkley: GIPR Chief Engineer, Bombay, 1860.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofo00brer#page/8/mode/2up Reminicences of an old English Civil Engineer 1859 -1905] ''Brereton's account of working on the GIPR''
{{Railwaymap
|railway= the North East Division
|link= http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=108089533651928306068.0004776aacede4ad4baa7
}}

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

88th Regiment of Foot

2010-08-28T10:27:01Z

Deipnosophista:

Known as the '''Connaught Rangers'''.

== Chronology ==

*'''1760''' raised as the 88th Regiment of Foot (Highland Volunteers) or Campbell's Highlanders
*'''1763''' disbanded
*'''1793''' raised in Ireland by Earl of Clanricard as the 88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers)
*'''1881''' merged with the 94th Foot to become 1st Battalion The Connaught Rangers
*'''1922''' disbanded on Irish independence 

== History in India ==
{{Template:Origin|text=The following history of the Connaught Rangers (during the period 1857-1870) was extracted by Chris Bateman of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The original work was entitled ''The Connaught Rangers - 1st Battalion, Formerly 88th Foot'' by Lieutenant-Colonel H.F.N. Jourdain, C.M.G., and was published in London in 1924. It has been extracted with the footnotes identified and included in the main text. This section was part of the Family History in India website, which was designed by Cathy Day to help people trace their British and European ancestry in colonial India . Cathy has kindly allowed us to transfer this page to our wiki.}}

==== 1857-1858 ====

'''1857'''

The 88th remained at Aldershot until June 1857 when it was moved to Portsmouth preparatory to embarkation for India. The depot rejoined Headquarters in the same month. On July 3rd Lieu.-General Sir William Codrington, KCB presented new Colours to the regiment on Southsea Common. The ceremony was attended by Admiral Sir George Seymour (the Port Admiral and Naval Commander-in-Chief), Major-General Breton (the Lieutenant-Governor) and other distinguished persons, who were afterwards entertained by Colonel G.V. Maxwell, C.B., and the officers of the 88th at luncheon at Hollingsworth's Rooms.* [Footnote: This part of the function is described in a contemporary newspaper as "a superb repast." As the lunch appears to have cost £305, besides charges for private guests, it is to be hoped that there was, in fact, a "good spread."]

The regiment, which had a strength of 990 of all ranks at this time besides the depot of about 100, embarked during the month in four detachments. The first, consisting of three companies under Lieut.-Colonel E.H. Maxwell, embarked on the 'Ulysses' on July 9th; Headquarters with three companies and the band embarked on the 'Surrey' on July 15th; Major Maynard with six other officers and 222 men (two companies) embarked on the 'Calabar' on July 17th; lastly, Major the Hon. J.J. Bourke with the remainder sailed in the 'Cambodia' on the 19th. Ten companies altogether sailed, leaving as a depot the cadres of two companies. The Surrey and Ulysses arrived in the Hoogly almost at the same time, at the end of October, both vessels reaching Calcutta on November 1st. The Calabar, which did not arrive till November 23rd, disembarked its troops at Calcutta on the 27th. The Cambodia also arrived in that month.

The 88th had been put under orders for India in the ordinary course of relief. When they embarked the news of the first outbreak of mutiny among the Sepoys had only just reached England. It was as yet however only vaguely known that "disturbances" had occurred and their extent and character were not realized. As the long voyage in sailing ships round the Cape without touching anywhere brought The Connaught Rangers to Bengal with nothing later than the English information of three and a half months before, they were at the outset somewhat bewildered when the lightship at the mouth of the Hoogly signalled "Delhi is taken." It was in fact only when the pilots came on board that they first heard any account of the great Sepoy mutiny.

Sir Colin Campbell the newly appointed [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], when the 88th reached Calcutta, was on his way to [[Cawnpore]] to organize the advance for the second relief of [[Lucknow]]. He had left orders for the prompt despatch up country of all troops as they arrived, so as to keep up a flow of reinforcements, and consequently Headquarters of the regiment and three companies were ordered immediately on arrival to proceed to Chinsura by river steamers. Thence, this detachment, in spite of Colonel G.V. Maxwell's representations as to its unprepared condition in the matter of suitable clothing, etc., was sent on to Ranigunj by rail under the command of Lieut-Colonel E.H. Maxwell. The detachment was transferred to bullock carts at Ranigunj and travelled day and night until, on November 21st, [[Cawnpore]] was reached. No one in the regiment knew a word of Hindustani. Also the men had with them nothing but their sea-kit and a few necessaries which had been served out to them at Ranigunj - in the dark. The regiment halted one day at [[Cawnpore]], where they received Indian tents "which at first no one knew how to pitch," and were then marched out 3 miles from the city to join Brigadier Carthew's command, under Major-General Windham.

Sir Colin Campbell, on moving forward from [[Cawnpore]] on November 9th with the troops for the relief of [[Lucknow]], had left General Windham with about 500 European soldiers and a few Sikhs to maintain the post at [[Cawnpore]] and guard the bridge of boats across the Ganges there, upon which Sir Colin's communications depended. Windham was reinforced a few days later by half a Madras native battalion and a few guns, under Brigadier Carthew, but his position meanwhile was being threatened by the revolted Gwalior Contingent under Tantia Topee from the direction of Kalpee. That was the position when the companies of the 88th were added to Brigadier Carthew's command on November 22nd, the day after their arrival. The force moved forward on the 24th to a bridge on the Kalpee road and encamped. Another portion of the 88th (which Captain Vernor in his diary calls "our detachment of two compaines") joined Lieut-Colonel Maxwell on the 25th, as did the band, who had to take their places in the ranks and serve as privates. Six companies of the Rangers had now reached the front, of whom four were at [[Cawnpore]] and two with Colonel G.V. Maxwell near Futtipore, where they arrived on the 27th.

General Windham having decided to take the offensive, early on the morning of the 26th formed his force into two so-called brigades. Carthew's "brigade" consisted of the half-battalion of the 88th and four companies of the 2nd Battalion [[Rifle Brigade]], with four 6-pounder guns in charge of [[Madras]] artillerymen. The other "brigade," under Colonel Kelly, comprised the [[34th Regiment of Foot]] and four companies of the [[82nd Regiment of Foot]], with four 9-pounder guns. They advanced during the forenoon of the 26th as far as Pandoo Nuddee, driving the rebels before them. The Rifles, who formed the skirmishing line, supported by the 88th, were pushed on through a number of fields of high growing grain till they arrived at a thick tope of trees, at which point the enemy opened a sharp fire of grape and round shot. In clearing the place a number of men were killed. Among them Ensign Mitchell was severely wounded by a round shot and died in hospital a few days afterwards. Captain Day, who rushed forward at the head of his men across a clear space between the tope and the enemy's guns, was killed close to a well. [Footnote: At the time it was not known exactly how Captain Day had fallen, but, on inquiry and search some months later, his body was recovered from the well, and the injury to the skull indicated the effect of a round shot. He was only twenty-one years old. A full account of the discovery of his body is given in J. W. Sherer's Memoirs of the Mutiny.] Captain Henning led his men against the guns. He was joined by the skirmishers of the 34th who were on the left and it became a race to reach the guns first. They were two in number and both were taken: one was an 18-pounder. Captain Baynes, meanwhile, took his men to the right to support the Rifles. Windham, however, though successful at the moment, was in the end obliged to withdraw towards evening to his original position, as being the only one his small force could hold pending Sir Colin Campbell's return from [[Lucknow]]. Camp was pitched again and the night passed quietly.

Next morning, November 27th, the regiment paraded before daybreak. General Windham said, in the hearing of the 88th when on parade, "If the enemy has crossed the canal bridge I will attack him: if not we shall have a quiet day." His only cavalry consisted of fifty troopers of a native Police Corps and some of these had been sent out to scout: the sole precaution apparently that was thought necessary. They returned soon, with the English lieutenant in charge, and reported that they had not found any of the enemy, whereupon it was arranged to give up the day for the men to clean themselves and their clothing which they had no opportunity of doing before. The troopers' reconnaissance however had been incomplete, and danger soon proved nearer at hand than was anticipated. Before the morning was far advanced a gun was heard, then another, and quickly afterwards round shot were hurtling through the camp. It was an unpleasant surprise. "What, twelve o'clock so soon!" said some of the men as they heard the first gun. The bugles at once sounded the alarm, and the 88th were quickly under arms. Some of the men, indeed, who were washing, buckled on their belts without waiting to get on their coats. It was a bad surprise and the camp was thrown into confusion at the outset. The camels at once became unmanageable and went off over the plain: the bullocks also ran off: the elephants trumpeted and got unmanageable. Many of the native followers at the same time deserted, making for [[Cawnpore]]. The enemy, who were the Gwalior rebels and had forty guns with them, appeared to be firing from in front and also from both flanks. As the men fell in, one party of the Rangers was told off to skirmish together with the Rifles, and another to act as escort to the naval gun, belonging to the Shannon's Naval Brigade accompanying the force, which was posted near the road. Its bullocks had all run away, and the officers and men with the gun had all been either killed or wounded. The skirmishers, under Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell, were sent to its assistance and the gun was dragged away by men of the 88th and Rifle Brigade, with some of the 82nd. The adjutant of the 88th, while keeping the men steady under a severe fire, was wounded in the leg and obliged to retire. Lieutenant Vernor was ordered temporarily to act as adjutant in his place.

Part of the enemy's force had meanwhile entered the town of [[Cawnpore]] , between the British right and the Ganges, which made the situation awkward. If not checked they might reach the boat bridge upon which everything depended. Brigadier Carthew thereupon received orders to take the 88th and the six Madras field guns in that direction. The Rangers on their way had to march through narrow streets, and several small combats occurred while doing so. One rebel sepoy at one place ran out of a house from a few yards distance and fired at Lieutenant Vernor, who was riding in rear. Luckily the bullet only grazed the officer's head and then the sepoy was bayoneted. In defending himself, he cut off the left thumb of the private who bayoneted him. Then the 88th got more of a chance. Some of the enemy were suddenly discovered in an open space with piled arms and occupied with preparing to cook a meal, under the impression apparently there could be no British near. The leading files of the 88th fired into them, and all then with a cheer charged them. The place was soon cleared, upwards of fifty of the rebels being bayoneted. Brigadier Carthew, after having swept part of the town clear, now advanced towards the old Assembly Rooms, a line of pickets being formed connecting with the 34th on the right and the 82nd on the left. The loss of the 88th, in the two days, was one officer killed (Captain Day), five officers wounded (Lieutenants Gilby and Evans, Ensigns Birch, Austin, and Mitchell), and 100 non-commissioned officers and men killed and wounded.* [Footnote: Ensign Mitchell died of his wound, as already stated. A Lieutenant Clarke, attached to the regiment as interpreter, was also wounded.]

The following night was an anxious one. This is an incident connected with the regiment. One of the pickets of the 88th was posted at a bridge over a small stream which ran into the Ganges a short distance above the canal. It was fired on by a couple of rebel guns on the road, but as the men were lying down on each side of, the bridge, no harm was done. Lieutenant Vernor then took measures. He obtained the colonel's permission to try to seize and disable the guns, which were about a quarter of a mile away. Vernor, in his own reminiscences, compiled in later years, says this: "I took twenty men of my own company (the Grenadiers) with loaded rifles and fixed bayonets. We sneaked up behind any cover we could find and, when within fifty yards, fired a volley and then rushed the guns. With the exception of a few dead gunners, we found the rebels had disappeared. We spiked the guns and returned without having a man of the party killed or wounded." The 88th were fortunate in finding food and drink in a deserted "hotel," as it is called, which had been in enemy occupation the previous morning. Otherwise, most of the men would have had nothing that day since breakfast.

On the morning of November 28th the pickets of the 88th were relieved by the 34th, and the regiment was ordered to the house occupied by Major-General Windham, where they were engaged throwing up earthworks until the afternoon. Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell then received orders to advance the whole detachment and cover the flank of the position. The Rangers remained doing that until evening when they were recalled to Windham's Head-quarters. Tantia Topee set fire to part of the town during the night; burning a quantity of stores belonging to the British army, including clothing provided for the relieved garrison of [[Lucknow]]. There was some sharp fighting on the 28th, which prevented the enemy from reaching Windham's entrenchment and the Ganges bridge. Brigadier Carthew however could not with the inadequate force at his disposal make serious impression on the rebels. Colonel Malleson in his history comments on Windham's measures in these words: "A real general," he says, "having in reserve a fine British regiment, such as was the 88th, would have at once hurried to the scene of action." The strength of The Connaught Rangers however, it should be said, after the previous fighting could hardly have much exceeded 300 men. That evening, the 28th, Sir Colin Campbell with his staff, riding in advance of his troops, crossed the still intact bridge of boats into [[Cawnpore]]. He promptly took stock of the situation and prepared measures to retrieve the misfortunes of General Windham. Sir Colin had successfully on the 25th brought away the [[Lucknow]] garrison and the women and children. On the 29th and following days the regiment furnished pickets and working parties. Vernor states that during this period the rebels managed to get field-pieces on to the top of some houses and "killed and wounded a few of our men," also that they were dislodged or silenced by a party of thirty good shots. On December 30th Colonel G.V. Maxwell arrived with the two companies from Futtipore and resumed command. He had now six companies (the Grenadiers, Nos. 2, 4, 5, 7, and the Light Company, and also a part of No. 6). Sir Colin meanwhile, in order to disencumber himself of his long train of sick, wounded and non-combatants, spent several days in bringing them across the Ganges and despatching them towards Calcutta. He attacked and defeated the rebels on December 6th, but the 88th was not engaged. Nos. 3 and 8 Companies, under Major Maynard and Captain Priestley, reached the camp of the 88th on December 17th. They had come by rail from Calcutta to Ranigunj, by rail again for 40 miles from Allahabad, and by bullock dak the rest of the way. En route, at one place they occupied and burned a rebel village. The remaining detachment, under Major Bourke, also arrived during the month.

Sir Colin Campbell, with his main force, left [[Cawnpore]] for the final relief of [[Lucknow]] on December 24th. After his departure three companies of The Connaught Rangers, a company of Royal Engineers, and half a battery of Artillery were sent on the 27th to Bithoor to search for treasure in the ruined palace of Nana Sahib and watch the neighbouring ford of the Ganges. A good deal of treasure was found in a well near the palace. The detachment remained at Bithoor for nearly two months.

'''1858'''

On January 15th 1858 regimental Head-quarters marched from [[Cawnpore]] to Akbarpore, on the road to Kalpee. Seven companies were at Akbarpore on February 1st, making a strength of 594 of all ranks: three companies were at Bithoor with 216 of all ranks, 29 men were on detachment, and 142 sick; making a total of 981.

The main body of the Rangers marched next day from Akbarpore to Bhognapore, forming, with two Royal Artillery guns and forty-two troopers of native police (Sikhs) under Lieutenant Mowbray Thompson, a column which was under the command of Colonel G.V. Maxwell. It was attacked at daybreak on the 4th by the rebels from Kalpee, to the number of about 1,000, and a sharp little fight ensued. Two companies of the Rangers were first sent out to keep the enemy in check until there was sufficient daylight to ascertain the extent of the attack. They were reinforced by the other companies in succession shortly afterwards and drove back the enemy, whose skirmishers retired in regular order for about 4 miles towards Kalpee. The sepoys then made a stand in broken ground and threatened our left with their cavalry. Major Mauleverer, on that, attacked a village on the right with his own (the Light) company and another, and carried it with some difficulty. The enemy however could not be pursued farther, as the troops would have come within range of the guns of Kalpee: and so the action had to be broken off. One private of the 88th was mortally wounded in the affair, and the lieutenant in charge of the Police Corps and one of his troopers were wounded. These were the only casualties. The rebels on their side suffered a loss of about eighty. The column returned to Akbarpore on February 6th and was joined there two days later by the three companies from Bithoor. On the 13th, the Rangers (now again assembled as a complete battalion) marched from Akbarpore to Shulie and thence on the 18th to Sheorajpore, throwing out two companies with pickets at all fordable points on the Ganges. The move was made in the hope of intercepting Nana Sahib, who was believed to be trying to pass the Ganges, making off north as a fugitive. He was, however, of course never captured and his ultimate fate is unknown, being eventually said to have died of fever in the jungle. The Rangers returned to Akbarpore on the 24th.

Then, on Sunday March 7th, as the regiment was dressing for church parade, an order, the delivery of which had been delayed two days, suddenly arrived. It was to set out and join the force under Sir Colin Campbell for his final attack on [[Lucknow]]. The 88th started at 11 a.m. and, to make up for lost time accomplished the distance to [[Cawnpore]], about 27 miles, in one day. The last cart got into camp a little before midnight. It was a remarkable performance for a march through the heat of the day at that time of the year in the Ganges valley. From the diaries of two officers who took part it is however plain that everybody was much fatigued, in consequence of which next day the regiment rested. On the 9th, they marched across the Ganges to Busseratganj, about 17 miles; on the 10th to Bunnee Bridge, another 17 miles; and on the 17th, to the Alum Bagh, about 15 miles. The bombardment of the enemy's position before [[Lucknow]] was in progress, and the regiment came in much elated at the prospect of taking part in so important an operation under the Commander-in-Chief himself.

Disappointment, however, was unfortunately in store for the Rangers. Just as they had marked out the ground for their camp in the morning an order came for their immediate return to Akbarpore. Renewed danger was threatening there. The Colonel telegraphed to Sir Colin's headquarters to ask if the order could not be altered, but the reply confirmed it. The return march commenced at noon the same day, 5 miles being covered before halting. On the 13th the regiment marched to Nawabganj, 17 miles; on the 14th to Oonao, 17 miles; on the 15th through [[Cawnpore]] to the Canal, also about 17 miles. Finally, on the 16th, Akbarpore was again reached. Not all the battalion, however, was allowed to settle down to rest. Nos. 4, 5 and 6 Companies paraded at two next morning and marched, under Colonel Maxwell, to Deerapore, whence they proceeded on the 18th to Secundra. They got in touch there with hostile cavalry outposts, but the enemy made off as they approached and got beyond reach, with the result that a return had to be made to Akbarpore. This futile marching, it may be mentioned, earned for The Connaught Rangers at this time the local name of "Maxwell's Flying Column." An East India cadet* [Footnote: Alexander Lindsay, ultimately appointed to the 1st Bengal Cavalry (Skinner's Horse), with which he remained till his death in 1872.] temporarily attached to the regiment, wrote this home in a letter dated March 21st 1858: "Our men march like Trojans, but they would like to have something more brilliant. Just remember that all our sleep is from about 9 to 1 o'clock, that we march on empty stomachs, and that the hot season has begun. Day after day I have fallen asleep on my horse's back, and been roused by almost falling off. In this fortnight we have marched upwards of 200 miles." He speaks further of "the toil and fatigue that few can stand like the light-hearted heroes of the 88th."

For the next two months The Connaught Rangers supplied mobile detachments to keep the country between the Ganges and the Jumna clear of the enemy, the permanent camp continuing at Akbarpore. The ten companies had usually a little over 800 of all ranks available, with about 120 or so on the sick list.

Meanwhile, during these two months, Sir Hugh Rose with the "Central India Field Force" was approaching Kalpee from the south-west. After capturing Jhansi on April 4th and Koonch a month later he reached the neighbourhood of Kalpee on May 15th. Colonel Maxwell, who was strengthened about the same time by Major Ross's Camel Corps (nearly 700 strong) and some mortars, advanced towards Kalpee on the 18th and established communication with Sir Hugh Rose, sending on the night of the 20th the whole of the Camel Corps with two companies of the 88th and 124 Sikh infantry across the Jumna. Sir Hugh Rose prepared for battle on the 22nd but was himself attacked that morning. The ensuing fight was one of the fiercest during the Mutiny; indeed the issue was at one time in doubt. The rebels however were in the end decisively defeated, the Camel Corps sent by Colonel Maxwell rendering timely help at the critical point. The rebels at Kalpee were shelled by the mortars on the forenoon of the 23rd, a portion of the 88th lining the river bank and engaging with musketry fire. The enemy, however, soon proved to be so disheartened by their defeat of the previous day that they evacuated the place, which was entered without opposition during the day. At that period the weather was extremely hot, and several of the men died from sunstroke.

Owing to the trials of the hot weather campaign under canvas the Rangers were ordered into cantonments at [[Cawnpore]], arriving there on June 2nd. The cessation of active work, however, with its excitement produced the usual reaction, with the result that, notwithstanding the better protection from the heat, fever and cholera broke out and before long more than half the battalion was on the sick list. The sickness fortunately abated after some weeks, and then, on July 17th, The Connaught Rangers left [[Cawnpore]] for [[Lucknow]], once more in British hands. The regiment, after being at first under canvas at Bohura, moved to the "Old Cantonments" at [[Lucknow]] on August 5th. Five companies, with the regimental Head-quarters, remained there. The other five companies were attached to the Field Force at Nawabganj, an arrangement that continued with little alteration for about five months. The half-battalion at [[Lucknow]] was generally over 400 strong, while the five Field Force companies mustered about 350 of all ranks fit for duty. On July 1st, there had been 207 sick. This number decreased to 108 by September 1st, and to 45 only on December 1st. Although drafts were received from home from time to time, the enrolled strength in India between August and December 1858 decreased somewhat, from 917 to 872.

No very active operations were practicable during the rains, until the latter part of September. By that time the Mutiny as an organized rebellion had been suppressed, but there yet remained the task of hunting down and destroying various mutinous bands under arms. Restoring order and authority in so extensive a country was necessarily long and arduous work. Oudh, where the 88th was stationed, had been a principal centre of rebel activity throughout, and was in many parts still infested by rebel sepoys, being even occupied in places by them in force.

In the [[Lucknow]] district, one pressing need was to dislodge a band under a chief named Moosahib Ali, holding an entrenched position at Selimpore, not many miles from [[Lucknow]]. Two converging columns started for this purpose late on the evening of September 22nd, one from Nawabganj, the other from [[Lucknow]]. Both columns included portions of The Connaught Rangers. The Nawabganj column, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Pratt, consisted of 200 of the 23rd Foot, 200 of the 88th under Major Bourke, and 200 of the 90th; with 133 sabres (British and Native cavalry) and six guns. They marched about midnight and a little before seven next morning found the enemy, 2,000 men or more, posted on each bank of the Goomtee. Selimpore is on the farther side of the river, approaching from Nawabganj. The British infantry advanced in line, with the guns in the intervals, and in the course of an hour drove the enemy into broken ground by the river, where they dispersed. The day however as the sun got higher became excessively hot and several of the 88th and 90th were struck down by sunstroke. Lieut.-Colonel Pratt in consequence halted for the day after his attack in the last tope of trees; having previously ascertained that the other column had also been successful and required no assistance. He began the return march to Nawabganj at 7 p.m., after burning the enemy's huts.

The [[Lucknow]] column comprised 180 of the 23rd Foot, 120 of the 88th (under Captain Delme Radcliffe), 400 Native Police Infantry, and 800 Native Police Cavalry with four guns. Major Bulwer of the 23rd (Welch Fusiliers) was in command. Selimpore was to have been reached by these at daybreak, but, owing to delay in starting and a bad road for the guns, Major Bulwer was still 2 miles away when he heard the firing of the Nawabganj column on the opposite side of the Goomtee. Pushing forward the cavalry, however, he succeeded in surrounding the rebels' entrenched position, after which he brought up his guns, covered by the 23rd and 88th, and soon afterwards stormed the place. As Major Bulwer stated in his despatch, "Captain Radcliffe led the assault on the fort most gallantly." One private of the 88th was killed and one officer (Lieutenant Moore) and two rank and file were wounded. Captain Radcliffe in the following spring was gazetted to a Brevet-Majority for his services on this occasion.

Then followed another expedition. On the afternoon of October 4th Brigadier J. Chute, commanding at [[Lucknow]], received information that the Police force at Sundeela, a town some 30 miles north-west of [[Lucknow]], was being threatened by a large body of rebels under a leader named Hurrichund and in need of assistance. He despatched to the rescue the same night a mixed force under Major E. G. Maynard of The Connaught Rangers, consisting of two guns, two mortars, a company of the 88th (about 130 strong), 278 of the 5th Oudh Police Cavalry and 600 of the 7th Oudh Police Infantry. Major Maynard reached Mulleabad about seven next morning and was joined there by 460 of the 2nd Oudh Police Cavalry. The march was resumed at 3 p.m. to Ruheemabad, where the force halted for the night. That however was not all.

The authorities at [[Lucknow]], on the morning of the 5th, received intelligence that Captain Dawson, commanding the Police at Sundeela, had now been surrounded by, as it was stated, about 12,000 of the enemy. Fearing that Major Maynard's column would be insufficient against this superiority, Brigadier Chute on that arranged with Brigadier Barker, C.B., to follow Maynard at once with two more guns, 200 of the 2nd Dragoon Guards, twenty-five of Hodson's Horse, also 200 more of the 88th and 100 of the 3rd Battalion Rifle Brigade. The reinforcement started at nine that night.

Maynard for his part moved forward from Ruheemabad at dawn on October 6th and soon discovered hostile mounted pickets in front. He threw forward his cavalry in skirmishing order and followed with the infantry and guns in line, showing as strong and extensive a front as possible. Approaching the town of Sundeela, he found the enemy's infantry and artillery in position among topes and gardens on the western and northern sides and was met by heavy fire, while his left flank was threatened by cavalry. The mounted Police charged twice with success, but the rebel cavalry re-formed in "extensive masses." Maynard then pushed forward the guns, supporting them on either side by the detachment of the 88th in extended order. The Rangers' fire proved effective, the new Enfield rifle doing considerable execution, and in the result the enemy were driven back in disorder. The Native Police Infantry, it should be said, behaved very well. Owing, however, to the obstacles of thick topes and bad ground, neither the cavalry nor artillery could follow up the advantage, and in the outcome, as the troops had been fighting from 6 a.m. until noon immediately after a march of 8 miles, Maynard felt it prudent not to push his success farther, seeing that the town had been relieved and the Sikh police in it set free. While halting, Maynard during the afternoon received a despatch informing him of Brigadier Barker's approach with his reinforcing force (already detailed). On their joining it was arranged to make a further attack, all together, on the 7th. The first part of the work, the relief of Sundeela, had been accomplished at a cost of three killed and seventeen wounded. None of the casualties however were in the 88th.

Barker arrived on October 7th and assumed charge. Finding that the main body of the rebels had taken post at Jummoo, * [Footnote: Brigadier Barker calls the place "Jamo" in his despatch, and Major Maynard, in a letter dated October 16th, spells it Jummoo or Jummor, which is the same thing more phonetically. Colonel Malleson, who ought to be the best authority on Indian names, calls it in his History (Vol. III) "Pannu" (which would be sounded Punnoo).] about 4 miles away, he advanced against them the following morning with the total force, except a small body left to protect the town of Sundeela and camp. Major Maynard accompanied this advance, together with 250 of The Connaught Rangers. The enemy was found in a well-chosen position, against which the British advanced steadily through the jungle, the right wing well forward. The Rifles were in skirmishing order to the right of the artillery, and the 88th to the left, leaving one company in support of the guns. "At one time," wrote the Brigadier in his report, "the rebels made a show of turning our left flank, but the advance of the 88th prevented it, and they then dispersed through the jungle in full retreat." Two cavalry detachments were sent round the flanks to intercept the enemy's retirement, both of which succeeded in falling upon them and killing large numbers. Several guns also were taken, and the victory was decisive and complete.

The losses (eighty-two killed and wounded in all) were much heavier than those on the 6th. Among them were three men of the 88th, all severely wounded. Another member of the regiment fell, a humble one, whose death, as related by Major Maynard in a letter throwing much light on the character of the fighting, will not be thought unworthy of record here. The Major wrote: "We were in close pursuit of the enemy, and I was leading my men over a deep sort of marsh (poor fellows, they were up to their middles in it), when several Sepoys sprang up from among the thick jungle on the other side. As soon as I could get clear of the water, I rode after them, followed by my men, when one fellow faced me, armed with a tulwar and a brass shield, and showed fight. I made a slap at him with my sword and wounded him on the right breast. On this he sprang in front of my horse and caught the poor brute an awful cut on the side of his neck near the head. This made the horse plunge and rear violently and, while he was doing so, the fellow aimed a cut at me which I guarded: it merely grazed my boot on the right instep, but cut deep into my horse's flank. The fellow now squatted down about five yards from me and, covering himself with his shield, aimed his musket at my head. I drew my revolver and pulled the trigger twice, but it missed fire. My friend fired his musket: I heard the ball whiz past me and I was untouched. I was in the act of dismounting from my poor horse to go in at the fellow on foot, when my men came up and bayoneted him. The first man who was at him, he wounded in the hand. My horse soon after staggered and fell. The bridle headstall was cut clean in two. Poor fellow, I felt fit to cry when I saw him laid dead: he was a very handsome little Arab, and had carried me so well for the ten months I had him. After the engagement some of the officers went to look at him as he lay dead with the sepoy close to him. The latter, they say, was a regular old Pucka Sepoy, and must have stood near six foot four."

From Sundeela, Brigadier Barker moved against the strong fort of Birwah, held by a chieftain named Gholab Singh. This was attacked on October 21st. The British force employed comprised 170 of the 2nd Dragoon Guards, 300 of the Oudh Police (Sikhs), 300 of the 88th, as many of the 3rd Battalion Rifle Brigade, with 550 of the Oudh Police and fourteen guns. The rebels were first forced out of the entrenched village, which they abandoned without serious resistance. Beyond that the troops came upon the edge of a dense thorny jungle, which nearly surrounded the fort of Birwah, concealing it so well that the chief difficulty was to ascertain the nature and real position of the defence. Two of our heavier guns, however, brought to the edge of the jungle, soon cleared away the intervening trees and exposed the south-west bastion, which it was thereupon decided to breach. It was known that the western face had only a single line of defence, the other accessible parts of the works having double lines. The enemy still held some outer entrenchments, but these were turned by the Rifles and Police capturing their western flank. Then, it only remained to force an entry into the inner fort. The 88th passed to the right and occupied the outworks on the east opposite the main gate, but not without appreciable loss, while the guns continued to batter the Southwest angle. The Brigadier then arranged that the breach should be stormed by some of the Rifles and Police infantry. The 88th were to attack the main gate, which was to be blown in, and another party of the Police was to work round to the north to prevent the rebels escaping in that direction. The signal for the general attack was to be the cheering of the storming party at the breach.

Major Maynard, at the outset, could not see the entrance he was to attack. It was only by leaving his men under cover and creeping out to examine the defences, first alone and afterwards with an Engineer officer, that he succeeded in locating it. The attacks were then carried out as arranged. Major Mauleverer, who had been detached to the west with two companies in the earlier stages, rejoined at that point. Major Maynard and all the five companies of the 88th took part in the assault. They rushed forward across a deep ditch and rampart, passing through an obstruction on top of thick thorny bushes. On however turning to the right, towards the gate, they were assailed by grape-shot and a heavy matchlock fire, which the men kept down by shooting at the embrasures. The powder for blowing in the gate was meanwhile brought forward under the superintendence of Lieutenant Carnegie of the Bengal Engineers. The gate was then successfully shattered, Carnegie unfortunately being severely burnt by the explosion. The Rangers thereupon charged forward into the place, capturing a gun and killing several of the rebels. A number of the enemy who still fired from one of the bastions were next speedily dislodged, and after that the inner gate was carried without difficulty. It had been taken in reverse by the party from the breach, who had ascended without loss, although the breach was difficult to negotiate. There still remained a sort of citadel, or large house, loopholed and strongly barricaded. It was held by Gholab Singh himself and his personal followers. They realized that they were in a desperate position, for retreat to the north was cut off by the force detailed for that purpose, and defended the building with great tenacity. The house took fire, and one side of it was blown down, exposing the courtyard, yet the surviving rebel's continued to shoot at everybody who approached.

The Brigadier withdrew towards Sundeela about nine in the evening, leaving Major Maynard to hold and clear the fort with about 200 of the 88th and some Sikhs. The remaining buildings were now set fire to, the rebels being shot down as they ran out to try and escape over the ramparts. In the end Gholab Singh himself and the surviving few of his faithful retainers ran the gauntlet in safety. They scrambled down into the ditch and got away into the jungle; the chief himself was said to have been wounded. The strength of the insurgent force in the morning had been about seven hundred.

This was certainly one of the hardest fights of the last phases of the Mutiny. It lasted more than thirteen hours and the British loss was heavy. Among the Europeans nine were killed and seventy-four wounded, besides the losses in the native troops. The Connaught Rangers were the heaviest sufferers, having six killed outright and forty-one wounded, one of whom died within a few hours. The wounded included one officer (Lieutenant Moore, again slightly wounded), and four sergeants. Brigadier Barker in his despatch said this: "Major Maynard made all his arrangements in a most perfect manner and greatly contributed to our success: this officer speaks in the highest terms of Major Mauleverer of the same regiment, who distinguished himself by the cool and fearless manner in which he behaved." The names of Colour-Sergeant Fahey, Sergeant Yates, two corporals, six privates, and one drummer of the 88th were also mentioned for bravery.

Major Maynard marched his men back to Sundeela on the evening of October 22nd. He arrived there between eight and nine, "having been at it for forty-two hours with no rest and little to eat." An order was received next day for the wing of the 88th to return to the Old Cantonments at [[Lucknow]], which were reached on the evening of Sunday the 24th. On November 1st the Queen's Proclamation was issued, taking over the Government of India from the East India Company. A wing of the regiment was again sent out on December 13th under Major Maynard to disarm parties of natives in the districts round [[Lucknow]], from which service it did not return to Head-quarters until February.

Although organized attempts at armed resistance had ceased in Oudh, after the decisive defeat at Jummoo, and the storming of Birwah Fort, there were yet numbers of fugitive rebel sepoys in hiding in various lurking places or sheltering in villages. Refugees for the most part from broken-up details of former Bengal Army battalions who had managed to get away from [[Lucknow]] and elsewhere, they had gone off with their arms and ammunition and were ready for any mischief within their power. Thus a series of clearing-up operations, which involved the searching of villages for hidden weapons, had to be undertaken as the finale in the pacification of that part of the country. Only in the jungle districts of Central India and in Rajputana, where Tantia Topee and Man Singh and bands of their followers were being hunted down by punitive columns, were active hostilities still being carried on. Clearing up, or "mopping up," was practically all that there remained to be done in other parts of India. That work in Oudh had, to all intents, come to an end when in February, 1858, the half-battalion of the Rangers under Major Maynard concluded their part and returned to rejoin Head-quarters at [[Lucknow]].

So closed the active service of The Connaught Rangers in the Indian Mutiny. With the end of the year 1858 the restoration of peace and order all over India hail been nearly completed. The total loss of the 88th in the field during the operations, according to the returns of each engagement, amounted to one officer and sixteen other ranks killed, and six officers and 138 other ranks wounded, viz.:

{| border="1"
|+
! Location !! Date !! Officers Killed !! Officers Wounded !! Other Ranks Killed !! Other Ranks Wounded
|-
| [[Cawnpore]] || Nov. 26-27th 1857 || 1 || 5 || 9 || 91
|-
| Near Kalpee || Feb. 4th 1858 || - || - || - || 1
|-
| Selimpore || Sept. 23rd 1858 || - || 1* || 1 || 2
|-
| Jummoo || Oct. 8th 1858 || - || - || - || 3
|-
| Birwah || Oct. 21st 1858 || - || 1* || 6 || 41
|}

<nowiki>*</nowiki> The same officer.

Major-General H.G. Broke succeeded to the Colonelcy vice Lieut.-General Macpherson on December 24th 1858.

==== 1859-1865 ====

'''1859-1861'''

The 88th marched from [[Cawnpore]] on January 22nd 1859 and arrived at [[Delhi]] on February 15th. The march started at 3 a.m. every day. One officer remained with each company. The others were allowed to move from camp to camp at their own hours and in their own manner; thus some obtained good shooting in places near the line of route. At Delhi the regiment had to remain under canvas for awhile, there being no barracks for Europeans. Delhi had not hitherto been considered healthy for Europeans and had always been garrisoned by native troops. Most of the men were then put into the large school buildings, with three companies in the Palace and the officers scattered about in bungalows.

The flank companies of battalions were abolished by an order issued in 1858, when all companies were ordered to be sized and clothed alike. Thus the Grenadier and the Light Company of The Connaught Rangers disappeared; Captain Baynes of the Grenadier and Brevet-Major Mauleverer of the Light Company were the last flank-company commanders. An order of 1862 completed the change by directing that companies should be lettered instead of being numbered, and should stand on parade according to the seniority of their captains.

Three companies were detached to [[Allyghur]] for a time, the regiment remaining at [[Delhi]] for two years. Both officers and men seem to have suffered from "Delhi boils," with the result that early in 1861 the Inspector-General of Hospitals recommended the regiment's removal to a healthier station. It was thereupon ordered to Moradabad and Shahjehanpore, exchanging stations with the 82nd. The Left Wing, comprising of B, G, H, I and K Companies,* [Footnote: It is so stated in the original Digest of Services, but the letters must have been given to the companies retrospectively in writing it up, for the Monthly Returns show that the companies continued to be numbered, not lettered, down to the end of 1862.] under Lieut.-Colonel E.H. Maxwell, marched for the former station on March 19th, Head-quarters and the Right Wing, composed of the remaining five companies, under command of Colonel G.V. Maxwell, left [[Delhi]] for Shahjehanpore on April 2nd. It was inspected on the 28th, a few days after its arrival, and again in October, by Brigadier-General E.A. Holdich CB, commanding the Rohilcund Field Force, or Rohilcund District, as the command was subsequently designated.

A Horse Guards Circular of May 3rd 1861 fixed the establishment of battalions serving in the East Indies at ten service companies, with a strength of 958 of all ranks, and two depot companies comprising 120 of all ranks; a total of 1,078.

'''1862-1863'''

The Left Wing changed quarters in March 1862 and moved from Moradabad to Futtegurh. A wing of the 54th Foot relieved them at the former station, and at the latter they replaced a detachment of the 42nd Highlanders. General Holdich inspected the regiment for the third time at Shahjehanpore on April 9th.

The effective strength of the service companies on January 1st 1863 was 38 officers, 45 sergeants, and 974 rank and file (including drummers); 1,057 of all ranks. Major-General the Hon. A.A. Dalzell was appointed Colonel of the regiment on February 8th, in succession to Lieut.-General John Cox, who had held the Colonelcy since October 13th 1860, vice Major-General H.G. Broke.

Sir Hugh Rose, Commanding-in-Chief in India, visited Shahjehanpore in February and inspected the 88th on the 21st. The Adjutant-General writing subsequently by his direction expressed the Commander-in-Chief's satisfaction in these terms:

"On the whole His Excellency was extremely pleased with his inspection, and the great improvement which has been made in every respect - drill, discipline, and conduct - and which justifies his considering the regiment one of the first class of those in India."

The ordinary inspection by Brigadier-General Holdich took place on March 27th.

Head-quarters and the Right Wing, under Colonel G.V. Maxwell, left Shahjehanpore on November 2nd and arrived at [[Cawnpore]] on the 14th. The Left Wing, under Brevet-Major W.T. Betts, marching from Futtegurh on December 3rd rejoined Head-quarters on the 13th, after a separation of two years and nine months. A detachment of three companies (A, D and F), under Captain H. Baynes, was sent to [[Meerut]] on November 30th to occupy the barracks there temporarily, pending the arrival of a regiment then en route. The detachment rejoined Head-quarters on January 20th following.

'''1864'''

The effective strength of the service companies on January 1st 1864 was 41 officers, 43 sergeants, and 896 drummers and rank and file; a total of 980 of all ranks.

Brigadier-General Percy Hill, C.B., commanding the Cawnpore Brigade, inspected the regiment on January 25th. The following is an extract from his subsequent report:

"On the whole the Brigadier-General has reason to be well satisfied with the result of the inspection, and will not fail to make a favourable report of it."

The Adjutant-General remarked on the report:

"His Excellency is well pleased with it, testifying as it does generally to the good drill and discipline of the regiment."

The Adjutant-General at the same time requested that a regimental order should be issued conveying Sir Hugh Rose's thanks and approbation. On the same report going to England, the Duke of Cambridge, Commanding-in-Chief, observed upon it that "it is more or less creditable and satisfactory."

Colonel G.V. Maxwell, C.B., was appointed a Brigadier-General on the Indian Establishment on January 23rd, and handed over the command of the 88th to Colonel E.H. Maxwell. The regiment was inspected at [[Cawnpore]] by Major-General Macduff, C.B., commanding the Oudh Division, on March 8th. On August 10th, Major-General Dalzell was transferred to the 48th Foot, and Major-General M.C. Johnstone appointed Colonel of the 88th.

[[Cawnpore]], in common with many other stations in India, suffered from cholera this year. The troops continued healthy for some time, but after the epidemic had appeared in the native town on August 18th a man of the regiment was attacked and died. The company to which he belonged, then quartered in a detached building 2 miles from the main barracks, was at once sent into camp at Bhuntra, 6 miles away, and no more cases occurred in that company. A week later however a man died of cholera at the main barracks, and thereupon Head-quarters and five companies were moved immediately to the camp at Bhuntra. The rest of the battalion moved at the same time to another camping ground, 5 miles distant, on the Allahabad road. The heat on the day of the march was intense and one man succumbed to sunstroke. Cases of cholera continuing to occur, Head-quarters moved camp to Muggerwara on September 3rd. During the whole period of the epidemic, which ceased at the end of September, eight men and nine women and children fell victims in the regiment. The Head-quarter wing returned to [[Cawnpore]] on October 26th and was joined there on the 28th and 29th by the Left Wing. Only one or two of the fatal cases had occurred in the Left Wing.

Major-General Becher, C.B., commanding the Oudh Division, inspected the regiment at [[Cawnpore]] on November 24th.

From September 1st 1864 Messrs. Sir C. McGrigor Bart and Co. became Regimental Agents in succession to Messrs. Cox & Co., on the nomination of the new Colonel, Major-General M. C. Johnstone.

'''1865'''

The effective strength of the service companies on January 1st 1865 was 34 officers, 45 sergeants, and 881 other ranks; a total of 960.

Sir Hugh Rose inspected the Rangers for the second time on January 11th and expressed himself well satisfied with their appearance and drill. He was particularly pleased, he said, with Captain H. Waring, "not only for his intelligence on parade, but also for the care he had bestowed on his company (K), which was evinced by the superior state of their kits and gardens." Captain Waring was immediately afterwards appointed a Brigade-Major on the Indian establishment.

Three companies, E, I and K, under Captain Lambert, were detached to [[Lucknow]] on February 20th rejoining Head-quarters on the 26th of next month. On March 21st A and G Companies, under Brevet-Major Radcliffe, and on May 12th a third company (D), were detached to Futtegurh, to be stationed there.

The regiment was inspected by Major-General Williams, C.B., commanding the Oudh Division, on March 29th, and by Brigadier-General Hill, C.B., commanding the Cawnpore Brigade, on October 19th. General Hill stated that:

"With the exception of a few trifling inaccuracies, the Regiment drilled well and satisfactorily, the appearance of the men was good, clean, and soldier-like, and the interior economy seems equally satisfactory. The Brigadier-General will have much pleasure in reporting favourably upon his inspection of the Regiment."

The Duke of Cambridge observed upon the report that he was "gratified by the generally favourable report of Brigadier-General Hill upon the 88th Regiment."

Four companies (B, C, F and K) under Brevet-Major T. Gore proceeded to Agra for temporary duty at the end of October, owing to the absence of British infantry from that station consequent on the annual relief arrangements. On the arrival of the 41st Foot from England C Company returned to [[Cawnpore]], while the three other companies marched on December 21st to Futtegurh to relieve the three there. A, C, D and G rejoined Headquarters at [[Cawnpore]] on January 11th and 17th following, Brevet-Major Radcliffe remaining in command at Futtegurh.

==== 1866-1870 ====

'''1866'''

The effective strength of the battalion in India on January 1st 1866 was 36 officers, 47 sergeants and 901 of other ranks, making 984 in all. The 88th had not yet been brought down to the establishment of May 1861, but in May 1866 the establishment of battalions in India was further reduced to 899 of all ranks.

The Cawnpore Brigade was now transferred to the Allahabad Division and the next inspection of the regiment was made on March 15th by the officer commanding that division, Major-General Troup, C.B. The 88th was also inspected later (on October 19th) by Brigadier-General W.C. Forest, commanding the Cawnpore Brigade.

On March 20th a fourth company (H) was sent to join the detachment at Futtegurh. In the annual relief programme of 1866, The Connaught Rangers were destined for Rawal Pindi on the North-West Frontier, some 700 miles from [[Cawnpore]]. They were to move by way of [[Agra]], so as to take part in an assembly of troops on the occasion of a Durbar by the Viceroy (Sir John Lawrence) in honour of an installation of the Order of the Star of India. The regiment left [[Cawnpore]] by rail on November 3rd and reached Agra next morning. They encamped on the edge of the General Parade Ground and were brigaded with the 19th Punjaub Infantry and 41st Bengal Infantry. The force assembled was under the personal command of Lieut. General Sir W.R. Mansfield, K.C.B., who had now become [[Commander-in-Chief in India]]. The four companies from Futtegurh joined Head-quarters at [[Agra]] on November 6th. Colonel E.H. Maxwell had command of a brigade on the occasion. The Durbar was a fine sight, but the gathering was broken up rather sooner than had been intended owing to the appearance of cholera in the camp. The 88th went on to Delhi by rail in two wings, on November 30th and December 1st. The various details - women and children from [[Cawnpore]], a depot from Futtegurh, a draft from home, etc. - were also collected at [[Delhi]], where the regiment encamped in the old cantonments until transport could be supplied for the march to Rawal Pindi. After considerable difficulty in procuring carriage the regiment left Delhi on December 16th.

'''1867'''

The effective strength on January 1st 1867 was 38 officers, 47 sergeants and 853 rank and file (including drummers); making 938 of all ranks.

The long march to Rawal Pindi was made in stages of 10 or 12 miles mostly, the battalion usually starting about 3 a.m. and pitching camp during the morning. The camp-colour men and married people marched each evening in advance of the main body, "the former to lay out the lines of the camp, the latter to be out of the way of the regiment." On approaching [[Umballa]] the 88th was met by the band of the 94th (their destined 2nd Battalion in 1881), who played them in. Rawal Pindi was finally reached on February 25th. The regiment was inspected there on March 28th by General Haly, C.B., commanding the Peshawar Division.

From May to October 1867, Head-quarters and five companies (A, G, H, I and K) were stationed between [[Murree]] and [[Abbottabad]], under Major Mauleverer, for the construction of a hill road. This was a voluntary duty, non-commissioned officers and men being given the option of going to the hills and working for a certain number of hours a day at specified rates of extra pay or of remaining with the regiment. Three hundred and ninety-three non-commissioned officers and men volunteered out of the whole regiment, and were thus employed for about five months. Their health was extremely good during the time. Ordinary workmen received six annas per diem for six hours' work, and miners one rupee per diem for ten hours.

The 88th left [[Rawalpindi]] again on November 1st and arrived on the 11th at [[Peshawar]], where they took the place of the 42nd Highlanders. They were inspected again by Major-General Haly on December 14th. It was subsequently notified from the Horse Guards that H.R.H. the Commander-in-Chief considered the half-yearly confidential report of the regiment generally "very creditable and satisfactory."

'''1868'''

The effective strength of the service companies on January 1st was 38 officers, 45 sergeants and 791 drummers and rank and file, making a total of 874.

General Mansfield, the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], inspected the regiment at [[Peshawar]] in April and expressed himself as satisfied with it in every respect. The usual half-yearly inspection was made soon afterwards by Brigadier-General H.F. Dunsford, C.B., commanding the Peshawar Brigade. On his report, the Adjutant-General wrote from the Horse Guards to Sir W. Mansfield:

"It has afforded His Royal Highness much gratification to perceive by a perusal of this document, as well as from the assurance contained in your own observations accompanying it, that the state of this corps is very satisfactory."

The 88th was again inspected on October 16th, this time by Major-General Haly, who announced his decision to this effect: "He is much pleased with the regiment and will have the satisfaction of making a favourable report."

On November 8th a detachment of two companies (C and E), under command of Captain Whitla, marched to [[Attock Fort]] on the Indus, relieving a similar detachment of the 36th. Head-quarters and the remaining companies moved from [[Peshawar]] to [[Nowshera]], their next station, on December 74th.

'''1869'''

The effective strength of the service companies on January 1st 1869, was 40 officers, 42 sergeants, and 749 rank and file (including drummers); a total of 831.

Colonel G.V. Maxwell, C.B., who had been employed on the Staff of the Army in India since January 23rd 1864, resumed command of the 88th on February 3rd, on completion of his five years' tenure of the Staff appointment. He left for England however on fifteen months' leave almost immediately and the command again devolved on Colonel E.H. Maxwell.

At [[Attock Fort]] C and E Companies were relieved by H and K Companies early in February and rejoined Head-quarters on the 5th.

On March 3rd 1869, Shere Ali, Ameer of Afghanistan, entered British territory on a State visit to the Viceroy. He was received with due ceremony at Peshawar on the 4th, thence proceeding after a few days to meet the Viceroy, the Earl of Mayo, at [[Umballa]]. The 88th marched to [[Peshawar]] on March 1st to take part at the reception of the [[Ameer]], returning to [[Nowshera]] on the 9th.

There was during that season, it may be mentioned incidentally, a good deal of fever at Nowshera, and a great part of the regiment suffered from it, but the epidemic was not serious.

Brigadier-General D.M. Stewart, C.B., commanding the Peshawar District (a new command, formed out of the former Peshawar Division), inspected the regiment at Nowshera on March 19th. He expressed himself much pleased. The 88th was again inspected on November 5th, by Brigadier-General Sir Sam Browne, C.B., V.C., who stated that he "desired to record that he was perfectly satisfied with the state of the regiment under command of Colonel E.H. Maxwell, and that he would have much pleasure in submitting a favourable report for the information of H.E. the Commander-in-Chief."

'''1870'''

The effective strength on January 1st 1870, was 36 officers, 43 sergeants and 700 of other ranks; a total of 779.

The Connaught Rangers left Nowshera on January 31st to proceed by route-march to Colaba, Bombay, appointed for their last station in India. They picked up the two companies which had been on detachment at [[Attock Fort]] on February 1st. The destination of the regiment was however suddenly changed by a telegram, received on March 5th, which directed it to proceed to Agra in relief of the 77th, unexpectedly ordered home. Diverging from the Grand Trunk Road at Meean Meer and proceeding by way of [[Ferozepore]] the regiment reached Loodiana (370 miles from Nowshera) on March 10th. Thence the regiment travelled by rail to Agra, arriving in two detachments on the 12th and 13th. They were inspected by Major-General Troup on the 26th and his report was considered by the Home Authorities "most creditable and satisfactory."

Brevet-Colonel G.V. Maxwell, C.B., was placed on half-pay from April 1st 1870, thus ceasing to be borne on the rolls of the regiment. He was at the same time, being in command of a brigade, appointed a temporary Brigadier-General. At Agra, the Brigadier-General in local command having been sent home on sick leave, Colonel E.H. Maxwell took his place, as from May 4th. He continued to hold the command until he left Agra with the 88th in the November following. Colonel E.H. Maxwell for two months of this time also held command of the [[Meerut]] Division, during the absence of Major-General Travers on leave. In the interim the acting regimental command devolved on Brevet-Lieut.-Colonel Mauleverer.

A General Order of the previous March, promulgated in India on June 3rd, reduced the number of service companies in battalions serving abroad from ten to eight; without however reducing the actual strength. Medical officers became at the same time departmental officers and ceased to form part of the regimental establishment. This reduction of captains, subalterns and medical officers brought down the establishment of officers from forty to thirty, that of the other ranks was slightly increased. Commanding officers were allowed to exercise their discretion as to the companies to be broken up in carrying out the order. In The Connaught Rangers D and G were selected and ceased to exist from July 1st. The officers, noncommissioned officers and men were distributed amongst the remaining companies, which were re-lettered from C to H. At the end of the year however, when the two depot companies L and M had to be amalgamated on the return of the battalion to England, these depot companies were named D and G and the remainder resumed their former designating letters.

The Connaught Rangers began their homeward journey on November 5th. At 4 p.m. that afternoon the Left Wing (E, F, G and H Companies) under Brevet-Colonel Mauleverer quitted Agra by special train, Colonel Maxwell with Head-quarters and the other four companies following the next afternoon. The journey of 992 miles to Deolali in the Bombay Presidency took five days, the trains halting at Allahabad, Jubbulpore, Sohagpore, and Kundwah on successive days; waiting in a siding during the hottest hours while the men got their meals cooked. At some of the sidings there were tents standing for the accommodation of regiments making the journey. The 88th finally assembled at Deolali on the 11th. A guard of four officers and 150 men with the baggage was sent forward to Bombay on November 15th and next day the rest of the regiment entrained for Bombay. Arriving at two in the afternoon and going on board the troopship Jumna, the passage home began on the following morning.

The Connaught Rangers had been thirteen years in India, which had become the last resting-place of nine of their officers and 407 of their noncommissioned officers and men. A tablet in the Memorial Church at [[Cawnpore]], of white marble with a deep border of black marble, records the names of the former.*

[Footnote: The inscription, which is cut beneath an engraving of the regimental colours, badge and motto, runs:

"IN MEMORY of the Undermentioned officers of the CONNAUGHT RANGERS.

Capt. H.H. Day, killed in action at Pandoo Nuddee, 26 Novr, 1857, aged 20 years.

Ensign F.M. Mitchell, died at [[Cawnpore]], 7 Decr, 1857, of wounds received in action at Pandoo Nuddee, 26 Novr, aged 36 yrs.

Ensign W. King, died at [[Cawnpore]], 20 June, 1858, aged 24 yrs.

Ensign J.R. Perrin, died at [[Lucknow]], 11 Octr, 1858, aged 23 yrs.

Lieut. R. Miller, died at Derha Ghat, 5 Novr, 1860, aged 23 yrs.

Quarter Master M. Evans, died at [[Cawnpore]], 20 June, 1864, aged 32 yrs.

Lieut. F.M.M. Mapleton, died at [[Cawnpore]], 17 Augt, 1865, aged 21 years.

Capt. G.S. Watson, died at Galle, 12 Septr, 1865, aged 33 years.

Capt. L.S. Scott, died at [[Jullunder]], 1 April, 1870, aged 31 years."]

The following table shows the principal changes which had taken place in the constitution of the regiment during its service in India (taken from the detailed statistical return rendered on its departure).

{| border="1"
|+ '''Non-commissioned Officers and Men'''

! Cause !! Increase !! Increase
|-
| Landed with the Regiment Nov. and Dec. 1857 || 953 || -
|-
| Joined in India || 1,177 || 1,177
|-
| Killed, or died of wounds or disease || - || -
|-
| Invalided for wounds || - || -
|-
| Invalided for disease || - || -
|-
| Discharged time-expired and transfers to other Regiments || - || -
|-
| Purchased discharge || - || -
|-
| Embarked with the Regiment for England Nov. 16th 1870 || - || -
|-
| '''Totals''' || '''2,130''' || '''2,130'''
|}

Of the fifty-two officers and 953 of other ranks who landed in India with the regiment only two of the former and eighty-two of the latter embarked with it after its continuous service in India. The two officers were the Commanding Officer and the Adjutant. A considerable proportion of those who had "joined in India" originally consisted of volunteers from other regiments returning home. Similarly, when the 88th was under orders for England, volunteering was opened to other regiments in India and 127 non-commissioned officers and men transferred their services and were scattered among twelve other battalions. Twenty-two women and forty-seven children accompanied these volunteers.

The strength embarked was 30 officers, 36 sergeants, 25 corporals, 18 drummers and 480 privates; besides 8 officers' wives, 15 officers' children, 44 soldiers' wives and 74 soldiers' children. The regiment had come out to India in four different vessels. It returned, as a minority only of the passengers, in a single ship. "I think there were 1,700 souls on board," writes Colonel Maxwell, "but everything was in such beautiful order that there was no confusion. My regiment got on capitally, and Captain Richards, of the Jumna, reported very favourably of the men's conduct when in his ship." The Jumna reached Suez, with fair weather, on December 3rd 1870. That, it may be recorded, was the last trooping season in which regiments were conveyed across the Isthmus from Suez to Alexandria by railway. The train with the 88th left Suez in the evening of the 4th and arrived at Alexandria next morning to re-embark in the troopship Crocodile. The Solent was reached on December 21st. The regiment disembarked in a snowstorm on the Gosport side of Portsmouth harbour next day and marched to Forts Grange and Rowner. Head-quarters and three companies proceeded to the former (where the depot was already quartered); the remaining five companies to Fort Rowner.

==== 1857-1871 [Depot] ====

With regard to the depot maintained at home during the absence of the regiment in India. The two-company detachment left at Portsmouth for that service when the 88th sailed in July, 1857, proceeded the next month to Colchester, where it remained till 1865. At that period the various regimental depots were grouped into "Depot Battalions" with a separate numbering. The 88th Depot belonged first to the 9th Depot Battalion, and then to the 10th, without however change of station. It left Colchester on February 2nd 1865, and embarked on board the Ibis for Ireland, reaching Cork on the 5th. On the following day it arrived at Fermoy, where it was posted to the 19th Depot Battalion, which again was very soon afterwards re-numbered the 13th. On January 18th 1866 that battalion moved from Fermoy to the Curragh Camp, where the 88th Depot remained until June 29th. On July 3rd it went to Parkhurst (Isle of Wight) and was posted to the 5th Depot Battalion. On March 22nd 1870 an Order was issued abolishing the Depot Battalion system as from the ensuing April 1st. It directed that in lieu, depots of battalions serving abroad should be severally attached to battalions serving at home. The 88th Depot accordingly, on the reduction of the 5th Depot Battalion, moved on March 31st from Parkhurst to Bristol, where it joined the 50th Foot. It was moved to Fort Grange (Gosport) on October 11th following to await the arrival of the regiment from India, being meanwhile temporarily attached to the 2nd Queen's.

The officers who successively commanded the Depot of The Connaught Rangers during this time were

Brevet-Major T. Gore From July 1857.

Brevet-Major G. Browne From June 1861.

Major E.C.D. Radcliffe From July 1863.

Brevet-Major J.G. Crosse From August 1864.

Captain E. Hopton From June 1865.

Captain C. Robertson From July 1866.

Captain W.C. Pearson From January 1867.

Major Gore From July 1867.

Captain W. Lambert From August 1870.

During most of the time the establishment of the depot was 6 officers, 10 sergeants, 4 drummers, and 100 rank and file. A General Order of May 1867 (No. 41) increased this establishment by 20 privates, but an order of 1869 reduced it considerably, probably in view of the approaching return of the regiment. The actual strength had varied a good deal and the orders varying the standard of height for recruits and opening and closing recruiting for the regiment in various districts are legion.

==== 1881 ====

In January 1881 the regiment was again in India <ref>Army List, sv P J O'Sullivan</ref>

== External Links ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/88th_Regiment_of_Foot_(Highland_Volunteers) Highland Volunteers] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/88th_Regiment_of_Foot_(Connaught_Rangers) 88th Regiment of Foot] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Connaught_Rangers Connaught Rangers] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Battalion,_York_and_Lancaster_Regiment 2nd battalion York and Lancaster Regiment] Wikipedia

[[Category:British Army Infantry Regiments]]

62nd Regiment of Foot

2010-07-03T08:30:48Z

Deipnosophista: /* Later events */

[[Image:Wiltshir.gif|right]]
Also known as '''The Wiltshire Regiment'''.

== Chronology ==
*'''1756''' raised as 2nd Battalion 4th Regiment of Foot
*'''1758''' became the 62nd Regiment of Foot
*'''1782''' became the 62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment
*'''1881''' amalgamated with the 99th Duke of Edinburgh's (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot to become the 1st Battalion of the Duke of Edinburgh’s (Wiltshire) Regiment
*'''1921''' became The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh’s).
*'''1959''' amalgamated into The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire)

== History ==
{{Template:Origin|text=This history of the Wiltshire Regiment (62nd Foot) is largely extracted from 'The Story of The Wiltshire Regiment ' by Colonel N.C.E. Kenrick, D.S.O. (1963). It has for the most part been extracted verbatim, with some sections taken out for the sake of brevity. It focuses only on that period when the regiment was in India.}}
==== 1830-1832 ====
'''''See also [[Bangalore Mutiny]]'''''

In June 1830, the 62nd sailed to India. Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed disembarked at [[Madras]] in September with three Companies, and camped at Marmalong Bridge outside the City, before marching to [[Bangalore]], where the rest of the Regiment joined them in November.

The following year, in May, the Flank Companies marched to join a Force at [[Shimoga]], 150 miles away, to quell Mahratta disturbances in the Nugger Province in North-west [[Mysore]]. Their presence restored order and the 62nd's Companies returned to Bangalore. All was quiet in Bangalore till October 1832, when a native conspiracy might well have resulted in the death of all the Europeans. An insurrection had been planned whereby the native troops and population, assisted by the Pindaris, who were roving freebooter terrorists, mostly outlaws from various tribes, were to rise on the night of 28th October. Five hundred conspirators would be admitted through the gates of Bangalore Fort by native soldiers. They were to kill General Hawker in his quarters instantly, cut down the 62nd's sentries on the magazine and seize it. The code word for the gate to be opened was "Tipoo Sahib," the name of an Indian adventurer and usurper killed in Mysore by the British some thirty years before. Once the fort was captured, the Indian cavalry and artillerymen were to cut loose all the horses of the British 13th Light Dragoons, and kill the white gunners. The Pindaris would then be called in to carry out the general slaughter. Fortunately the plot was discovered by a Eurasian Drummer in the 48th Native Infantry; faithful to the European side of his ancestry, he revealed it. Guards were strengthened, the Indian ringleaders seized, and the 39th Foot and other reinforcements brought in from [[Poonamallee]]. Punishment was condign, four of the conspirators were blown from cannon, two were shot, and the remainder transported for life.

==== The March to Masulipatam ====
Early in 1833, after an influenza epidemic, the Regiment received orders to march from Bangalore to relieve the 45th Foot at [[Masulipatam]]. This lay 400 miles to the North-east on the coast, and was the most unhealthy station in the Madras Command, if not in the whole of India. Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed made strenuous efforts for the Regiment to be allowed to make the second half of the journey by sea from Madras. His reasons were that to go by land would entail a two months' march through districts infested with cholera and famine. All entreaties were in vain, and the 62nd set out on the 18th February about 500 strong, at the start of a most disastrous period lasting for two years. The route lay due east through Kolar towards Madras, and on 1st March a halt was made at Chittoor, where cholera was raging and claimed its first victim. This was the wife of a Private Soldier, Mrs Steven Shipway, who died at Kolcherry, nine miles on, when the march was resumed northwards two days later. Some of the men fell sick at Kolcherry, and five were buried there that morning. together with a child belonging to the Regimental Surgeon, Doctor Radford. Twelve days later the Regiment reached Nellore, cholera casualties having occurred all the way, both among the soldiers and the inhabitants living along the route. Large numbers of half-starved natives had been procured to carry the sick in blankets slung on sticks. Daily this had become more difficult, and the cattle drawing the baggage carts died from fatigue and want of forage, the countryside being scorched and bare from the long drought. Nellore lay to the northeast near the sea, and here the 62nd camped for five days in a large Tamarind plantation on the bank of the Pennair River. Additional medical aid was received from [[Madras]], the cholera abated, and was thought to have ceased when the march northwards was resumed. It soon returned. Five days later the Regiment reached the sea at Ramapatam, camping almost on the beach for a night before marching on along the shore to Cavador. On 9th April they reached Vellasor on the estuary of the Kistna. The cholera epidemic had lessened, and, crossing the river next day, they arrived at Masulipatam. The Regiment camped on a salt water marsh until the 45th Foot marched out on 16th April en route for [[Secunderabad]], when they occupied Masulipatam Fort. The 62nd had buried nearly a quarter of their number on the journey, and of those remaining, only 100 were fit for duty. On 21st May the usual hot and violent winds set in, and fifty men a day for three days were admitted to hospital, principally with apoplexy and sunstroke. Many more deaths occurred, only forty-four men being fit for duty, Garrison Guards were discontinued and Regimental Guards decreased. Shortly afterwards, when the Regiment had to parade for the reading of a Government Proclamation, only four weak Divisions could be mustered. The three Officers on parade were the Commanding Officer, his acting Adjutant, and a Subaltern who carried one of the Colours, the other being borne by a Sergeant. An immediate report was made, and the General Commanding in Madras ordered the Regiment to move to Vizagapatam, 200 miles northeast along the coast. This was countermanded by the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], who ordered a Medical Committee of Investigation. Besides cholera, the 62nd were then afflicted with dysentery in a malignant form which killed within twelve hours. In August, when the Medical Committee assembled, the only men fit for duty in the whole Regiment were two Subalterns. The Committee recommended a sea trip for over 200 of the 62nd, and all those sufficiently recovered embarked in the 'Abberton', a chartered transport of 600 tons. The Commanding Officer and 154 others sailed on 27th August for a six weeks' cruise in the Bay of Bengal, visiting the Nicobar and Andaman islands. A large number of men convalescing from cholera and dysentery, and crowded on board a small ship with rudimentary sanitation, were not likely to regain their health by sailing through tropical seas in light marching order. Eleven men died at sea, and most of the remainder were readmitted to hospital on their return with dropsy and scurvy, from which many more died.

The following March Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed returned to England on two years' sick leave, but died early in 1836 from fever contracted at Masulipatam. Back in Masulipatam the depleted Regiment enjoyed better health in the early part of 1834, but the June rains brought on violent attacks of fever, ague and dysentery. The hospital was crowded, part of the barracks had to be turned into wards and deaths averaged seven a day. Another report was sent to the Commander-in-Chief in India, who was up in the [[Nilgiri Hills|Nilghiri Hills]] in Mysore. He at once ordered the 62nd to move to Moulmein in Burma, and Masulipatam ceased to be a European military station.

==== Moulmein ====

On 8th September the Regiment embarked for Burma. Only fifteen men appeared on parade, the remainder being hospital cases. In sixteen months at [[Masulipatam]] the total number of deaths came to 3 Officers, 187 Rank and File, and 115 women and children. During the ten-day voyage across the Bay of Bengal, a further twenty-four men, women and children died, and there were none strong enough to act as Pall Bearers. In October a welcome Draft arrived from England, nearly 300 strong, but by the end of the year a further fifty-eight deaths had occurred from diseases caught in India. Since leaving Bangalore the Regiment had lost about three-quarters of its men and many of their families, and all to no purpose. The recent Draft far outnumbered the remainder. With the New Year, health rapidly improved in Moulmein and the surrounding Tennaserim Provinces. Another large draft from England arrived later in 1835, and early the following year further reinforcements brought the rank and file up to 700. The 62nd began to revive, and spent four more years in Burma.

In 1837 the old King of Burma was dethroned by his brother Tharawaddy who ignored both the British Resident and the treaty with the East India Company. War threatened but a show of strength by British warships and troops calmed things down. In 1838 the situation was permanently improved by the arrival of a sloop of war and a new British Resident at [[Rangoon]]. The following year a Burmese plot came to light for the burning of the town and magazine at Moulmein, prompt action by the 62nd preventing this. In 1840 further substantial Drafts arrived from England, and Brigadier George Hillier again went to Calcutta because of ill-health, only to die there of apoplexy. No ships arrived from [[Calcutta]] for two months, which upset both communications and supplies. Affairs had assumed a threatening aspect in India by the middle of the year, and the 62nd were ordered there.

==== Return to India ====

In September and October the 62nd sailed from Burma to Calcutta. A Draft of 100 men from England awaited them in [[Fort William]]. Their records stated, "By November the temptations which Calcutta presented had tended much to injure the morale and regularity of the Corps." On 5th November they started on a month's march to Hazaribagh, 2,000 feet up in the hills of Bihar. On the very first day the old scourge of cholera broke out again. Twenty-two men died on the way, making fifty-six deaths in all since leaving Burma. The families and the sick went up the Ganges by boat to [[Dinapore]], and were then faced with thirteen days' march South to [[Hazaribagh]]. This station had been chosen for European troops as having one of the coolest and most temperate climates in India, but the barracks, though large, were badly built, and the water was impure.
Early in 1841, a Draft of fifty recruits brought cholera with them from Calcutta. The Regiment's Assistant Surgeon committed suicide, and the Chaplain died of the disease. The June rains set in and there were 150 men in hospital, 38 of whom had died by September. The following month the 62nd relieved the 50th Foot in Calcutta. Sickness again increased with the advent of the hot weather, there being over 200 of the rank and file in hospital in April and May, with much cholera and many deaths. This was attributed in the main to the climate, "but was no doubt augmented . . . by the great extent of intemperance which prevailed in the Regiment to an amount unparalleled in its records."

==== The Loss of the Colours ====

At the end of July, the 10th Foot arrived from England, and the young Springers relieved the old Springers in [[Fort William]]. On 11th August the first Division of the 62nd set off in boats up the River Ganges for [[Dinapore]], near [[Patna]]. All went well till 6th September, when a violent storm arose at two o'clock in the morning. The flotilla was moored to the bank opposite a place called Sickree Gully, near Bhagalpur. Many of the boats were blown from the shore and swamped, two lieutenants, forty-three of the rank and file and eighteen women and children were drowned. Colonel and Mrs Reed had the narrowest escape, their pinnace being blown loose and on to her beam-ends. The occupants managed to scramble out and cling to the sides, the Colonel and his wife doing so through the window of the after-cabin. In this position they drifted down with the current for three hours, the boat rolling from side to side but fortunately never righting, in which case she would have sunk. There were people on the banks and plenty of boats there, but their cries for help were ignored. At daybreak the dinghy was discovered, still attached to the stern by a rope. Scrambling into this they gradually righted the pinnace and half baled her out, and all were safely landed at Rajmahal. About fifty of the rank and file, who had also drifted downstream in their boats, collected here. A steamer was sent from Bhagalpur in which, with the Colonel, they overtook the Regiment. The Colours and the regimental records had been in the pinnace, and all went to the bottom of the river. All of the Officers' Mess silver was lost for good, except for a silver snuff box which was being used at the time by the Adjutant. The Regiment reached Dinapore on 1st October 1842.

==== The Punjab and the 1st Sikh War ====
'''''See also [[1st Sikh War]]'''''

In December, 1844 the 62nd were relieved by the 39th Foot, and started their march to the [[Punjab]]. In February 1845 they reached [[Delhi]], and they arrived at [[Ferozepore]], in March. The 62nd's barracks were still in the process of building, as a British Regiment was not normally stationed there; the aggressive attitude of the Sikhs beyond the River Sutlej determining the change in policy. For two months the Regiment camped out, and when they moved into ten barrack blocks in May, there were still no doors to the buildings and no officers' quarters. By now the hot weather had come, and once again cholera struck the Regiment. They always seem fated to be in a part of India rife with the disease, and there was much of it in the Punjab during that month of June. In this Asiatic variety the victims turned black and suffered cramp in the limbs, but stood every chance of recovery if they survived the first forty-eight hours. The Regimental hospital was not ready till July, and the sick had to be accommodated in one belonging to the Native Infantry. In September there were 170 men in hospital, and, by the outbreak of the [[1st Sikh War]] in December, 126 men had died from cholera and apoplexy. Ferozepore was just South-East of the River Sutlej, which formed the boundary between that part of the Punjab ruled by the Sikhs and the territory governed by the British. The 62nd's barracks lay in a great sandy plain without a tree or a blade of grass. A mile away was the old city, with the Frontier Treasury and Military Headquarters.

The Sikh religion had much in common with that of the Hindus, but with no caste system. The Sikhs never cut their black hair or beards, wore a comb in their hair, a short sword or dagger, a steel bracelet and a pair of short drawers. Tall and strong, they had an intensive military enthusiasm, and called themselves the Khalsa, the chosen brotherhood of the elect. For the past six years the "Sikh" Punjab had seen a ceaseless struggle for power between the Army and the Government with much intrigue and strife. All Sikhs were, however, united in the expectation of a British attack. Late in 1845 they moved to invade British India from a variety of motives; forestalment and self-preservation were two of them, but the thirst of the soldiers for power, natural pugnacity, and a desire on the part of the Government to involve their own Army in something other than internal strife, were greater influences. On 21st November the Sikh Army, in great numbers and with a large train of artillery, left their capital of [[Lahore]] and marched South-East towards the Sutlej, fifty miles away. Their progress was marked by the firing of guns at each daily halt. Foreseeing trouble, the British Governor-General in India, Sir Henry Hardinge, had taken certain steps. At Ferozepore, Major-General Littler now commanded a Division, though it was only 6,000 strong. Farther East, 11,000 more troops had been assembled at Ludhiana and Ambala under the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], General Sir Hugh Gough, and the Governor-General himself. From now on, Light Cavalry Patrols were very active from Ferozepore, and, in early December, the 62nd started sleeping fully dressed with laced boots, and muskets by their cots. On 11th December the Sikhs commenced crossing the Sutlej about fourteen miles above Ferozepore to the North-east, and had some 12,000 men on the near bank by the next day. At midday on 12th December, the 62nd was ordered to occupy a position on the left bank facing North-east covering the cantonment and the city. Next day the Sikhs moved nearer with more and more men crossing the river, constant artillery salutes marking the arrival of each contingent. The 27th Native Infantry occupied the city, and the 63rd Native Infantry guarded the families and the sick in entrenchments in the cantonment.

On 12th December, the Governor-General and the Commander-in Chief set out from Ludhiana with 11,000 to 12,000 men. On the 14th the Sikh's main camp was at Attaree only seven miles from Ferozepore, with outposts close up to it. This portion of the Sikh Army was commanded by Sirdar Tej Singh, and made frequent demonstrations for the next three days. The 62nd made night sorties, but the Sikhs always retreated towards their heavy guns whereupon the British withdrew, being under orders not to stage a main attack. During this period Rajah Lal Singh, with 14,000 Regular Cavalry and masses of Irregulars, joined Tej Singh to the accompaniment of an eighty-gun salute. The combined Force numbered 60,000 men. The two Sikh Commanders by no means saw eye to eye. On the evening of the 16th, Lal Singh sent a message to Captain Peter Nicolson of the 28th Native Infantry, who was the British Political Agent in Ferozepore, saying that he was a friend of the British, and wished to prevent an attack to prove it. Nicolson replied that he should withdraw with his cavalry towards [[Moodkee]], to show his sincerity, knowing that the Commander-in-Chief's Forces were approaching that place. Lal Singh did so, but attacked the British at Moodkee on 18th December. On 17th and 18th, Tej Singh's troops did little except loot villages and fire salutes from Zamburaks, light guns discharged from the backs of camels. On the 17th Littler received news of General Gough's approach. The following evening the weather was cold, and Ashburnham was sitting with Nicolson in his tent, smoking a cheroot and sipping a night-cap of grog. A wounded Sikh was brought in by a vidette of the 3rd Light Dragoons, and a threat of hanging brought the first news of Lal Singh's repulse by the British that day at Moodkee.

==== The Battle of Ferozeshah ====
'''''See also [[Battle of Ferozeshah]]'''''

At eight o'clock on the morning of 21st December Littler's Division marched. The 62nd, in full kit, red coats and stocks, numbered just under 600, including many convalescents from cholera and fever just out of hospital. By 12.30 p.m. they had covered the twelve miles without incident, and joined the other British force about five miles South-west of Ferozeshah. General Gough's total force was now about 18,000 with sixty-three guns, mostly of small calibre, and a preponderance of native troops. The exact position of the enemy was not discovered until three in the afternoon, when they were found strongly entrenched around [[Ferozeshah]] village. This Sikh force was the one commanded by Lal Singh; reinforced since fighting at [[Moodkee]], it now totalled over 30,000 men with more than 100 guns, many of large calibre. Tej Singh, with at least an equivalent force, was still encamped some ten miles away near the Sutlej. The village of [[Ferozeshah]] lay behind a high embankment, along which the Sikhs were positioned. In front of them the ground was flat and completely open for 300 yards, then came brushwood and jungle through which the British advanced to the attack at four in the afternoon.

==== Later events ====

The regiment was probably in transit in the Punjab in July 1879<ref>See India List for July 1879, s.v. Surg P J O'Sullivan.</ref>.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External Links ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_Regiment_of_Foot 62nd Regiment of Foot] Wikipedia [https://www.thewardrobe.org.uk/wiltshireregiment.php The Wiltshire Regiment] www.thewardrobe.org.uk [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_(Wiltshire)_Regiment_of_Foot The Wiltshire Regiment] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Duke_of_Edinburgh%27s_Royal_Regiment_(Berkshire_and_Wiltshire) Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment] Wikipedia

[[Category:British Army Infantry Regiments]]

Template:Reflist

2010-07-03T08:29:41Z

Deipnosophista:

{{#tag:references|{{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}}}<noinclude>
{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Reflist

2010-07-03T08:28:02Z

Deipnosophista:

{{#tag:references|{{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}}}</div><noinclude>
{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Reflist

2010-07-03T08:24:26Z

Deipnosophista: Blanked the page

62nd Regiment of Foot

2010-07-03T08:22:16Z

Deipnosophista: /* Later events */

[[Image:Wiltshir.gif|right]]
Also known as '''The Wiltshire Regiment'''.

== Chronology ==
*'''1756''' raised as 2nd Battalion 4th Regiment of Foot
*'''1758''' became the 62nd Regiment of Foot
*'''1782''' became the 62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment
*'''1881''' amalgamated with the 99th Duke of Edinburgh's (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot to become the 1st Battalion of the Duke of Edinburgh’s (Wiltshire) Regiment
*'''1921''' became The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh’s).
*'''1959''' amalgamated into The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire)

== History ==
{{Template:Origin|text=This history of the Wiltshire Regiment (62nd Foot) is largely extracted from 'The Story of The Wiltshire Regiment ' by Colonel N.C.E. Kenrick, D.S.O. (1963). It has for the most part been extracted verbatim, with some sections taken out for the sake of brevity. It focuses only on that period when the regiment was in India.}}
==== 1830-1832 ====
'''''See also [[Bangalore Mutiny]]'''''

In June 1830, the 62nd sailed to India. Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed disembarked at [[Madras]] in September with three Companies, and camped at Marmalong Bridge outside the City, before marching to [[Bangalore]], where the rest of the Regiment joined them in November.

The following year, in May, the Flank Companies marched to join a Force at [[Shimoga]], 150 miles away, to quell Mahratta disturbances in the Nugger Province in North-west [[Mysore]]. Their presence restored order and the 62nd's Companies returned to Bangalore. All was quiet in Bangalore till October 1832, when a native conspiracy might well have resulted in the death of all the Europeans. An insurrection had been planned whereby the native troops and population, assisted by the Pindaris, who were roving freebooter terrorists, mostly outlaws from various tribes, were to rise on the night of 28th October. Five hundred conspirators would be admitted through the gates of Bangalore Fort by native soldiers. They were to kill General Hawker in his quarters instantly, cut down the 62nd's sentries on the magazine and seize it. The code word for the gate to be opened was "Tipoo Sahib," the name of an Indian adventurer and usurper killed in Mysore by the British some thirty years before. Once the fort was captured, the Indian cavalry and artillerymen were to cut loose all the horses of the British 13th Light Dragoons, and kill the white gunners. The Pindaris would then be called in to carry out the general slaughter. Fortunately the plot was discovered by a Eurasian Drummer in the 48th Native Infantry; faithful to the European side of his ancestry, he revealed it. Guards were strengthened, the Indian ringleaders seized, and the 39th Foot and other reinforcements brought in from [[Poonamallee]]. Punishment was condign, four of the conspirators were blown from cannon, two were shot, and the remainder transported for life.

==== The March to Masulipatam ====
Early in 1833, after an influenza epidemic, the Regiment received orders to march from Bangalore to relieve the 45th Foot at [[Masulipatam]]. This lay 400 miles to the North-east on the coast, and was the most unhealthy station in the Madras Command, if not in the whole of India. Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed made strenuous efforts for the Regiment to be allowed to make the second half of the journey by sea from Madras. His reasons were that to go by land would entail a two months' march through districts infested with cholera and famine. All entreaties were in vain, and the 62nd set out on the 18th February about 500 strong, at the start of a most disastrous period lasting for two years. The route lay due east through Kolar towards Madras, and on 1st March a halt was made at Chittoor, where cholera was raging and claimed its first victim. This was the wife of a Private Soldier, Mrs Steven Shipway, who died at Kolcherry, nine miles on, when the march was resumed northwards two days later. Some of the men fell sick at Kolcherry, and five were buried there that morning. together with a child belonging to the Regimental Surgeon, Doctor Radford. Twelve days later the Regiment reached Nellore, cholera casualties having occurred all the way, both among the soldiers and the inhabitants living along the route. Large numbers of half-starved natives had been procured to carry the sick in blankets slung on sticks. Daily this had become more difficult, and the cattle drawing the baggage carts died from fatigue and want of forage, the countryside being scorched and bare from the long drought. Nellore lay to the northeast near the sea, and here the 62nd camped for five days in a large Tamarind plantation on the bank of the Pennair River. Additional medical aid was received from [[Madras]], the cholera abated, and was thought to have ceased when the march northwards was resumed. It soon returned. Five days later the Regiment reached the sea at Ramapatam, camping almost on the beach for a night before marching on along the shore to Cavador. On 9th April they reached Vellasor on the estuary of the Kistna. The cholera epidemic had lessened, and, crossing the river next day, they arrived at Masulipatam. The Regiment camped on a salt water marsh until the 45th Foot marched out on 16th April en route for [[Secunderabad]], when they occupied Masulipatam Fort. The 62nd had buried nearly a quarter of their number on the journey, and of those remaining, only 100 were fit for duty. On 21st May the usual hot and violent winds set in, and fifty men a day for three days were admitted to hospital, principally with apoplexy and sunstroke. Many more deaths occurred, only forty-four men being fit for duty, Garrison Guards were discontinued and Regimental Guards decreased. Shortly afterwards, when the Regiment had to parade for the reading of a Government Proclamation, only four weak Divisions could be mustered. The three Officers on parade were the Commanding Officer, his acting Adjutant, and a Subaltern who carried one of the Colours, the other being borne by a Sergeant. An immediate report was made, and the General Commanding in Madras ordered the Regiment to move to Vizagapatam, 200 miles northeast along the coast. This was countermanded by the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], who ordered a Medical Committee of Investigation. Besides cholera, the 62nd were then afflicted with dysentery in a malignant form which killed within twelve hours. In August, when the Medical Committee assembled, the only men fit for duty in the whole Regiment were two Subalterns. The Committee recommended a sea trip for over 200 of the 62nd, and all those sufficiently recovered embarked in the 'Abberton', a chartered transport of 600 tons. The Commanding Officer and 154 others sailed on 27th August for a six weeks' cruise in the Bay of Bengal, visiting the Nicobar and Andaman islands. A large number of men convalescing from cholera and dysentery, and crowded on board a small ship with rudimentary sanitation, were not likely to regain their health by sailing through tropical seas in light marching order. Eleven men died at sea, and most of the remainder were readmitted to hospital on their return with dropsy and scurvy, from which many more died.

The following March Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed returned to England on two years' sick leave, but died early in 1836 from fever contracted at Masulipatam. Back in Masulipatam the depleted Regiment enjoyed better health in the early part of 1834, but the June rains brought on violent attacks of fever, ague and dysentery. The hospital was crowded, part of the barracks had to be turned into wards and deaths averaged seven a day. Another report was sent to the Commander-in-Chief in India, who was up in the [[Nilgiri Hills|Nilghiri Hills]] in Mysore. He at once ordered the 62nd to move to Moulmein in Burma, and Masulipatam ceased to be a European military station.

==== Moulmein ====

On 8th September the Regiment embarked for Burma. Only fifteen men appeared on parade, the remainder being hospital cases. In sixteen months at [[Masulipatam]] the total number of deaths came to 3 Officers, 187 Rank and File, and 115 women and children. During the ten-day voyage across the Bay of Bengal, a further twenty-four men, women and children died, and there were none strong enough to act as Pall Bearers. In October a welcome Draft arrived from England, nearly 300 strong, but by the end of the year a further fifty-eight deaths had occurred from diseases caught in India. Since leaving Bangalore the Regiment had lost about three-quarters of its men and many of their families, and all to no purpose. The recent Draft far outnumbered the remainder. With the New Year, health rapidly improved in Moulmein and the surrounding Tennaserim Provinces. Another large draft from England arrived later in 1835, and early the following year further reinforcements brought the rank and file up to 700. The 62nd began to revive, and spent four more years in Burma.

In 1837 the old King of Burma was dethroned by his brother Tharawaddy who ignored both the British Resident and the treaty with the East India Company. War threatened but a show of strength by British warships and troops calmed things down. In 1838 the situation was permanently improved by the arrival of a sloop of war and a new British Resident at [[Rangoon]]. The following year a Burmese plot came to light for the burning of the town and magazine at Moulmein, prompt action by the 62nd preventing this. In 1840 further substantial Drafts arrived from England, and Brigadier George Hillier again went to Calcutta because of ill-health, only to die there of apoplexy. No ships arrived from [[Calcutta]] for two months, which upset both communications and supplies. Affairs had assumed a threatening aspect in India by the middle of the year, and the 62nd were ordered there.

==== Return to India ====

In September and October the 62nd sailed from Burma to Calcutta. A Draft of 100 men from England awaited them in [[Fort William]]. Their records stated, "By November the temptations which Calcutta presented had tended much to injure the morale and regularity of the Corps." On 5th November they started on a month's march to Hazaribagh, 2,000 feet up in the hills of Bihar. On the very first day the old scourge of cholera broke out again. Twenty-two men died on the way, making fifty-six deaths in all since leaving Burma. The families and the sick went up the Ganges by boat to [[Dinapore]], and were then faced with thirteen days' march South to [[Hazaribagh]]. This station had been chosen for European troops as having one of the coolest and most temperate climates in India, but the barracks, though large, were badly built, and the water was impure.
Early in 1841, a Draft of fifty recruits brought cholera with them from Calcutta. The Regiment's Assistant Surgeon committed suicide, and the Chaplain died of the disease. The June rains set in and there were 150 men in hospital, 38 of whom had died by September. The following month the 62nd relieved the 50th Foot in Calcutta. Sickness again increased with the advent of the hot weather, there being over 200 of the rank and file in hospital in April and May, with much cholera and many deaths. This was attributed in the main to the climate, "but was no doubt augmented . . . by the great extent of intemperance which prevailed in the Regiment to an amount unparalleled in its records."

==== The Loss of the Colours ====

At the end of July, the 10th Foot arrived from England, and the young Springers relieved the old Springers in [[Fort William]]. On 11th August the first Division of the 62nd set off in boats up the River Ganges for [[Dinapore]], near [[Patna]]. All went well till 6th September, when a violent storm arose at two o'clock in the morning. The flotilla was moored to the bank opposite a place called Sickree Gully, near Bhagalpur. Many of the boats were blown from the shore and swamped, two lieutenants, forty-three of the rank and file and eighteen women and children were drowned. Colonel and Mrs Reed had the narrowest escape, their pinnace being blown loose and on to her beam-ends. The occupants managed to scramble out and cling to the sides, the Colonel and his wife doing so through the window of the after-cabin. In this position they drifted down with the current for three hours, the boat rolling from side to side but fortunately never righting, in which case she would have sunk. There were people on the banks and plenty of boats there, but their cries for help were ignored. At daybreak the dinghy was discovered, still attached to the stern by a rope. Scrambling into this they gradually righted the pinnace and half baled her out, and all were safely landed at Rajmahal. About fifty of the rank and file, who had also drifted downstream in their boats, collected here. A steamer was sent from Bhagalpur in which, with the Colonel, they overtook the Regiment. The Colours and the regimental records had been in the pinnace, and all went to the bottom of the river. All of the Officers' Mess silver was lost for good, except for a silver snuff box which was being used at the time by the Adjutant. The Regiment reached Dinapore on 1st October 1842.

==== The Punjab and the 1st Sikh War ====
'''''See also [[1st Sikh War]]'''''

In December, 1844 the 62nd were relieved by the 39th Foot, and started their march to the [[Punjab]]. In February 1845 they reached [[Delhi]], and they arrived at [[Ferozepore]], in March. The 62nd's barracks were still in the process of building, as a British Regiment was not normally stationed there; the aggressive attitude of the Sikhs beyond the River Sutlej determining the change in policy. For two months the Regiment camped out, and when they moved into ten barrack blocks in May, there were still no doors to the buildings and no officers' quarters. By now the hot weather had come, and once again cholera struck the Regiment. They always seem fated to be in a part of India rife with the disease, and there was much of it in the Punjab during that month of June. In this Asiatic variety the victims turned black and suffered cramp in the limbs, but stood every chance of recovery if they survived the first forty-eight hours. The Regimental hospital was not ready till July, and the sick had to be accommodated in one belonging to the Native Infantry. In September there were 170 men in hospital, and, by the outbreak of the [[1st Sikh War]] in December, 126 men had died from cholera and apoplexy. Ferozepore was just South-East of the River Sutlej, which formed the boundary between that part of the Punjab ruled by the Sikhs and the territory governed by the British. The 62nd's barracks lay in a great sandy plain without a tree or a blade of grass. A mile away was the old city, with the Frontier Treasury and Military Headquarters.

The Sikh religion had much in common with that of the Hindus, but with no caste system. The Sikhs never cut their black hair or beards, wore a comb in their hair, a short sword or dagger, a steel bracelet and a pair of short drawers. Tall and strong, they had an intensive military enthusiasm, and called themselves the Khalsa, the chosen brotherhood of the elect. For the past six years the "Sikh" Punjab had seen a ceaseless struggle for power between the Army and the Government with much intrigue and strife. All Sikhs were, however, united in the expectation of a British attack. Late in 1845 they moved to invade British India from a variety of motives; forestalment and self-preservation were two of them, but the thirst of the soldiers for power, natural pugnacity, and a desire on the part of the Government to involve their own Army in something other than internal strife, were greater influences. On 21st November the Sikh Army, in great numbers and with a large train of artillery, left their capital of [[Lahore]] and marched South-East towards the Sutlej, fifty miles away. Their progress was marked by the firing of guns at each daily halt. Foreseeing trouble, the British Governor-General in India, Sir Henry Hardinge, had taken certain steps. At Ferozepore, Major-General Littler now commanded a Division, though it was only 6,000 strong. Farther East, 11,000 more troops had been assembled at Ludhiana and Ambala under the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], General Sir Hugh Gough, and the Governor-General himself. From now on, Light Cavalry Patrols were very active from Ferozepore, and, in early December, the 62nd started sleeping fully dressed with laced boots, and muskets by their cots. On 11th December the Sikhs commenced crossing the Sutlej about fourteen miles above Ferozepore to the North-east, and had some 12,000 men on the near bank by the next day. At midday on 12th December, the 62nd was ordered to occupy a position on the left bank facing North-east covering the cantonment and the city. Next day the Sikhs moved nearer with more and more men crossing the river, constant artillery salutes marking the arrival of each contingent. The 27th Native Infantry occupied the city, and the 63rd Native Infantry guarded the families and the sick in entrenchments in the cantonment.

On 12th December, the Governor-General and the Commander-in Chief set out from Ludhiana with 11,000 to 12,000 men. On the 14th the Sikh's main camp was at Attaree only seven miles from Ferozepore, with outposts close up to it. This portion of the Sikh Army was commanded by Sirdar Tej Singh, and made frequent demonstrations for the next three days. The 62nd made night sorties, but the Sikhs always retreated towards their heavy guns whereupon the British withdrew, being under orders not to stage a main attack. During this period Rajah Lal Singh, with 14,000 Regular Cavalry and masses of Irregulars, joined Tej Singh to the accompaniment of an eighty-gun salute. The combined Force numbered 60,000 men. The two Sikh Commanders by no means saw eye to eye. On the evening of the 16th, Lal Singh sent a message to Captain Peter Nicolson of the 28th Native Infantry, who was the British Political Agent in Ferozepore, saying that he was a friend of the British, and wished to prevent an attack to prove it. Nicolson replied that he should withdraw with his cavalry towards [[Moodkee]], to show his sincerity, knowing that the Commander-in-Chief's Forces were approaching that place. Lal Singh did so, but attacked the British at Moodkee on 18th December. On 17th and 18th, Tej Singh's troops did little except loot villages and fire salutes from Zamburaks, light guns discharged from the backs of camels. On the 17th Littler received news of General Gough's approach. The following evening the weather was cold, and Ashburnham was sitting with Nicolson in his tent, smoking a cheroot and sipping a night-cap of grog. A wounded Sikh was brought in by a vidette of the 3rd Light Dragoons, and a threat of hanging brought the first news of Lal Singh's repulse by the British that day at Moodkee.

==== The Battle of Ferozeshah ====
'''''See also [[Battle of Ferozeshah]]'''''

At eight o'clock on the morning of 21st December Littler's Division marched. The 62nd, in full kit, red coats and stocks, numbered just under 600, including many convalescents from cholera and fever just out of hospital. By 12.30 p.m. they had covered the twelve miles without incident, and joined the other British force about five miles South-west of Ferozeshah. General Gough's total force was now about 18,000 with sixty-three guns, mostly of small calibre, and a preponderance of native troops. The exact position of the enemy was not discovered until three in the afternoon, when they were found strongly entrenched around [[Ferozeshah]] village. This Sikh force was the one commanded by Lal Singh; reinforced since fighting at [[Moodkee]], it now totalled over 30,000 men with more than 100 guns, many of large calibre. Tej Singh, with at least an equivalent force, was still encamped some ten miles away near the Sutlej. The village of [[Ferozeshah]] lay behind a high embankment, along which the Sikhs were positioned. In front of them the ground was flat and completely open for 300 yards, then came brushwood and jungle through which the British advanced to the attack at four in the afternoon.

==== Later events ====

The regiment was probably in transit in the Punjab in July 1879<ref>See India List for July 1879, s.v. Surg P J O'Sullivan.</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External Links ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_Regiment_of_Foot 62nd Regiment of Foot] Wikipedia [https://www.thewardrobe.org.uk/wiltshireregiment.php The Wiltshire Regiment] www.thewardrobe.org.uk [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_(Wiltshire)_Regiment_of_Foot The Wiltshire Regiment] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Duke_of_Edinburgh%27s_Royal_Regiment_(Berkshire_and_Wiltshire) Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment] Wikipedia

[[Category:British Army Infantry Regiments]]

Template:Reflist

2010-07-03T08:18:23Z

Deipnosophista: new template

<div class="references-small {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} | references-column-width | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}}>1 | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{1}}} }} }} }}" {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}}| style="-moz-column-width:{{{colwidth}}}; column-width:{{{colwidth}}};" | {{#if: {{{1|}}}| style="-moz-column-count:{{{1}}}; column-count:{{{1}}};" }} }}>
{{#tag:references|{{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}}}</div><noinclude>
{{documentation}}</noinclude>

62nd Regiment of Foot

2010-07-03T08:14:24Z

Deipnosophista:

[[Image:Wiltshir.gif|right]]
Also known as '''The Wiltshire Regiment'''.

== Chronology ==
*'''1756''' raised as 2nd Battalion 4th Regiment of Foot
*'''1758''' became the 62nd Regiment of Foot
*'''1782''' became the 62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment
*'''1881''' amalgamated with the 99th Duke of Edinburgh's (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot to become the 1st Battalion of the Duke of Edinburgh’s (Wiltshire) Regiment
*'''1921''' became The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh’s).
*'''1959''' amalgamated into The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire)

== History ==
{{Template:Origin|text=This history of the Wiltshire Regiment (62nd Foot) is largely extracted from 'The Story of The Wiltshire Regiment ' by Colonel N.C.E. Kenrick, D.S.O. (1963). It has for the most part been extracted verbatim, with some sections taken out for the sake of brevity. It focuses only on that period when the regiment was in India.}}
==== 1830-1832 ====
'''''See also [[Bangalore Mutiny]]'''''

In June 1830, the 62nd sailed to India. Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed disembarked at [[Madras]] in September with three Companies, and camped at Marmalong Bridge outside the City, before marching to [[Bangalore]], where the rest of the Regiment joined them in November.

The following year, in May, the Flank Companies marched to join a Force at [[Shimoga]], 150 miles away, to quell Mahratta disturbances in the Nugger Province in North-west [[Mysore]]. Their presence restored order and the 62nd's Companies returned to Bangalore. All was quiet in Bangalore till October 1832, when a native conspiracy might well have resulted in the death of all the Europeans. An insurrection had been planned whereby the native troops and population, assisted by the Pindaris, who were roving freebooter terrorists, mostly outlaws from various tribes, were to rise on the night of 28th October. Five hundred conspirators would be admitted through the gates of Bangalore Fort by native soldiers. They were to kill General Hawker in his quarters instantly, cut down the 62nd's sentries on the magazine and seize it. The code word for the gate to be opened was "Tipoo Sahib," the name of an Indian adventurer and usurper killed in Mysore by the British some thirty years before. Once the fort was captured, the Indian cavalry and artillerymen were to cut loose all the horses of the British 13th Light Dragoons, and kill the white gunners. The Pindaris would then be called in to carry out the general slaughter. Fortunately the plot was discovered by a Eurasian Drummer in the 48th Native Infantry; faithful to the European side of his ancestry, he revealed it. Guards were strengthened, the Indian ringleaders seized, and the 39th Foot and other reinforcements brought in from [[Poonamallee]]. Punishment was condign, four of the conspirators were blown from cannon, two were shot, and the remainder transported for life.

==== The March to Masulipatam ====
Early in 1833, after an influenza epidemic, the Regiment received orders to march from Bangalore to relieve the 45th Foot at [[Masulipatam]]. This lay 400 miles to the North-east on the coast, and was the most unhealthy station in the Madras Command, if not in the whole of India. Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed made strenuous efforts for the Regiment to be allowed to make the second half of the journey by sea from Madras. His reasons were that to go by land would entail a two months' march through districts infested with cholera and famine. All entreaties were in vain, and the 62nd set out on the 18th February about 500 strong, at the start of a most disastrous period lasting for two years. The route lay due east through Kolar towards Madras, and on 1st March a halt was made at Chittoor, where cholera was raging and claimed its first victim. This was the wife of a Private Soldier, Mrs Steven Shipway, who died at Kolcherry, nine miles on, when the march was resumed northwards two days later. Some of the men fell sick at Kolcherry, and five were buried there that morning. together with a child belonging to the Regimental Surgeon, Doctor Radford. Twelve days later the Regiment reached Nellore, cholera casualties having occurred all the way, both among the soldiers and the inhabitants living along the route. Large numbers of half-starved natives had been procured to carry the sick in blankets slung on sticks. Daily this had become more difficult, and the cattle drawing the baggage carts died from fatigue and want of forage, the countryside being scorched and bare from the long drought. Nellore lay to the northeast near the sea, and here the 62nd camped for five days in a large Tamarind plantation on the bank of the Pennair River. Additional medical aid was received from [[Madras]], the cholera abated, and was thought to have ceased when the march northwards was resumed. It soon returned. Five days later the Regiment reached the sea at Ramapatam, camping almost on the beach for a night before marching on along the shore to Cavador. On 9th April they reached Vellasor on the estuary of the Kistna. The cholera epidemic had lessened, and, crossing the river next day, they arrived at Masulipatam. The Regiment camped on a salt water marsh until the 45th Foot marched out on 16th April en route for [[Secunderabad]], when they occupied Masulipatam Fort. The 62nd had buried nearly a quarter of their number on the journey, and of those remaining, only 100 were fit for duty. On 21st May the usual hot and violent winds set in, and fifty men a day for three days were admitted to hospital, principally with apoplexy and sunstroke. Many more deaths occurred, only forty-four men being fit for duty, Garrison Guards were discontinued and Regimental Guards decreased. Shortly afterwards, when the Regiment had to parade for the reading of a Government Proclamation, only four weak Divisions could be mustered. The three Officers on parade were the Commanding Officer, his acting Adjutant, and a Subaltern who carried one of the Colours, the other being borne by a Sergeant. An immediate report was made, and the General Commanding in Madras ordered the Regiment to move to Vizagapatam, 200 miles northeast along the coast. This was countermanded by the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], who ordered a Medical Committee of Investigation. Besides cholera, the 62nd were then afflicted with dysentery in a malignant form which killed within twelve hours. In August, when the Medical Committee assembled, the only men fit for duty in the whole Regiment were two Subalterns. The Committee recommended a sea trip for over 200 of the 62nd, and all those sufficiently recovered embarked in the 'Abberton', a chartered transport of 600 tons. The Commanding Officer and 154 others sailed on 27th August for a six weeks' cruise in the Bay of Bengal, visiting the Nicobar and Andaman islands. A large number of men convalescing from cholera and dysentery, and crowded on board a small ship with rudimentary sanitation, were not likely to regain their health by sailing through tropical seas in light marching order. Eleven men died at sea, and most of the remainder were readmitted to hospital on their return with dropsy and scurvy, from which many more died.

The following March Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed returned to England on two years' sick leave, but died early in 1836 from fever contracted at Masulipatam. Back in Masulipatam the depleted Regiment enjoyed better health in the early part of 1834, but the June rains brought on violent attacks of fever, ague and dysentery. The hospital was crowded, part of the barracks had to be turned into wards and deaths averaged seven a day. Another report was sent to the Commander-in-Chief in India, who was up in the [[Nilgiri Hills|Nilghiri Hills]] in Mysore. He at once ordered the 62nd to move to Moulmein in Burma, and Masulipatam ceased to be a European military station.

==== Moulmein ====

On 8th September the Regiment embarked for Burma. Only fifteen men appeared on parade, the remainder being hospital cases. In sixteen months at [[Masulipatam]] the total number of deaths came to 3 Officers, 187 Rank and File, and 115 women and children. During the ten-day voyage across the Bay of Bengal, a further twenty-four men, women and children died, and there were none strong enough to act as Pall Bearers. In October a welcome Draft arrived from England, nearly 300 strong, but by the end of the year a further fifty-eight deaths had occurred from diseases caught in India. Since leaving Bangalore the Regiment had lost about three-quarters of its men and many of their families, and all to no purpose. The recent Draft far outnumbered the remainder. With the New Year, health rapidly improved in Moulmein and the surrounding Tennaserim Provinces. Another large draft from England arrived later in 1835, and early the following year further reinforcements brought the rank and file up to 700. The 62nd began to revive, and spent four more years in Burma.

In 1837 the old King of Burma was dethroned by his brother Tharawaddy who ignored both the British Resident and the treaty with the East India Company. War threatened but a show of strength by British warships and troops calmed things down. In 1838 the situation was permanently improved by the arrival of a sloop of war and a new British Resident at [[Rangoon]]. The following year a Burmese plot came to light for the burning of the town and magazine at Moulmein, prompt action by the 62nd preventing this. In 1840 further substantial Drafts arrived from England, and Brigadier George Hillier again went to Calcutta because of ill-health, only to die there of apoplexy. No ships arrived from [[Calcutta]] for two months, which upset both communications and supplies. Affairs had assumed a threatening aspect in India by the middle of the year, and the 62nd were ordered there.

==== Return to India ====

In September and October the 62nd sailed from Burma to Calcutta. A Draft of 100 men from England awaited them in [[Fort William]]. Their records stated, "By November the temptations which Calcutta presented had tended much to injure the morale and regularity of the Corps." On 5th November they started on a month's march to Hazaribagh, 2,000 feet up in the hills of Bihar. On the very first day the old scourge of cholera broke out again. Twenty-two men died on the way, making fifty-six deaths in all since leaving Burma. The families and the sick went up the Ganges by boat to [[Dinapore]], and were then faced with thirteen days' march South to [[Hazaribagh]]. This station had been chosen for European troops as having one of the coolest and most temperate climates in India, but the barracks, though large, were badly built, and the water was impure.
Early in 1841, a Draft of fifty recruits brought cholera with them from Calcutta. The Regiment's Assistant Surgeon committed suicide, and the Chaplain died of the disease. The June rains set in and there were 150 men in hospital, 38 of whom had died by September. The following month the 62nd relieved the 50th Foot in Calcutta. Sickness again increased with the advent of the hot weather, there being over 200 of the rank and file in hospital in April and May, with much cholera and many deaths. This was attributed in the main to the climate, "but was no doubt augmented . . . by the great extent of intemperance which prevailed in the Regiment to an amount unparalleled in its records."

==== The Loss of the Colours ====

At the end of July, the 10th Foot arrived from England, and the young Springers relieved the old Springers in [[Fort William]]. On 11th August the first Division of the 62nd set off in boats up the River Ganges for [[Dinapore]], near [[Patna]]. All went well till 6th September, when a violent storm arose at two o'clock in the morning. The flotilla was moored to the bank opposite a place called Sickree Gully, near Bhagalpur. Many of the boats were blown from the shore and swamped, two lieutenants, forty-three of the rank and file and eighteen women and children were drowned. Colonel and Mrs Reed had the narrowest escape, their pinnace being blown loose and on to her beam-ends. The occupants managed to scramble out and cling to the sides, the Colonel and his wife doing so through the window of the after-cabin. In this position they drifted down with the current for three hours, the boat rolling from side to side but fortunately never righting, in which case she would have sunk. There were people on the banks and plenty of boats there, but their cries for help were ignored. At daybreak the dinghy was discovered, still attached to the stern by a rope. Scrambling into this they gradually righted the pinnace and half baled her out, and all were safely landed at Rajmahal. About fifty of the rank and file, who had also drifted downstream in their boats, collected here. A steamer was sent from Bhagalpur in which, with the Colonel, they overtook the Regiment. The Colours and the regimental records had been in the pinnace, and all went to the bottom of the river. All of the Officers' Mess silver was lost for good, except for a silver snuff box which was being used at the time by the Adjutant. The Regiment reached Dinapore on 1st October 1842.

==== The Punjab and the 1st Sikh War ====
'''''See also [[1st Sikh War]]'''''

In December, 1844 the 62nd were relieved by the 39th Foot, and started their march to the [[Punjab]]. In February 1845 they reached [[Delhi]], and they arrived at [[Ferozepore]], in March. The 62nd's barracks were still in the process of building, as a British Regiment was not normally stationed there; the aggressive attitude of the Sikhs beyond the River Sutlej determining the change in policy. For two months the Regiment camped out, and when they moved into ten barrack blocks in May, there were still no doors to the buildings and no officers' quarters. By now the hot weather had come, and once again cholera struck the Regiment. They always seem fated to be in a part of India rife with the disease, and there was much of it in the Punjab during that month of June. In this Asiatic variety the victims turned black and suffered cramp in the limbs, but stood every chance of recovery if they survived the first forty-eight hours. The Regimental hospital was not ready till July, and the sick had to be accommodated in one belonging to the Native Infantry. In September there were 170 men in hospital, and, by the outbreak of the [[1st Sikh War]] in December, 126 men had died from cholera and apoplexy. Ferozepore was just South-East of the River Sutlej, which formed the boundary between that part of the Punjab ruled by the Sikhs and the territory governed by the British. The 62nd's barracks lay in a great sandy plain without a tree or a blade of grass. A mile away was the old city, with the Frontier Treasury and Military Headquarters.

The Sikh religion had much in common with that of the Hindus, but with no caste system. The Sikhs never cut their black hair or beards, wore a comb in their hair, a short sword or dagger, a steel bracelet and a pair of short drawers. Tall and strong, they had an intensive military enthusiasm, and called themselves the Khalsa, the chosen brotherhood of the elect. For the past six years the "Sikh" Punjab had seen a ceaseless struggle for power between the Army and the Government with much intrigue and strife. All Sikhs were, however, united in the expectation of a British attack. Late in 1845 they moved to invade British India from a variety of motives; forestalment and self-preservation were two of them, but the thirst of the soldiers for power, natural pugnacity, and a desire on the part of the Government to involve their own Army in something other than internal strife, were greater influences. On 21st November the Sikh Army, in great numbers and with a large train of artillery, left their capital of [[Lahore]] and marched South-East towards the Sutlej, fifty miles away. Their progress was marked by the firing of guns at each daily halt. Foreseeing trouble, the British Governor-General in India, Sir Henry Hardinge, had taken certain steps. At Ferozepore, Major-General Littler now commanded a Division, though it was only 6,000 strong. Farther East, 11,000 more troops had been assembled at Ludhiana and Ambala under the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], General Sir Hugh Gough, and the Governor-General himself. From now on, Light Cavalry Patrols were very active from Ferozepore, and, in early December, the 62nd started sleeping fully dressed with laced boots, and muskets by their cots. On 11th December the Sikhs commenced crossing the Sutlej about fourteen miles above Ferozepore to the North-east, and had some 12,000 men on the near bank by the next day. At midday on 12th December, the 62nd was ordered to occupy a position on the left bank facing North-east covering the cantonment and the city. Next day the Sikhs moved nearer with more and more men crossing the river, constant artillery salutes marking the arrival of each contingent. The 27th Native Infantry occupied the city, and the 63rd Native Infantry guarded the families and the sick in entrenchments in the cantonment.

On 12th December, the Governor-General and the Commander-in Chief set out from Ludhiana with 11,000 to 12,000 men. On the 14th the Sikh's main camp was at Attaree only seven miles from Ferozepore, with outposts close up to it. This portion of the Sikh Army was commanded by Sirdar Tej Singh, and made frequent demonstrations for the next three days. The 62nd made night sorties, but the Sikhs always retreated towards their heavy guns whereupon the British withdrew, being under orders not to stage a main attack. During this period Rajah Lal Singh, with 14,000 Regular Cavalry and masses of Irregulars, joined Tej Singh to the accompaniment of an eighty-gun salute. The combined Force numbered 60,000 men. The two Sikh Commanders by no means saw eye to eye. On the evening of the 16th, Lal Singh sent a message to Captain Peter Nicolson of the 28th Native Infantry, who was the British Political Agent in Ferozepore, saying that he was a friend of the British, and wished to prevent an attack to prove it. Nicolson replied that he should withdraw with his cavalry towards [[Moodkee]], to show his sincerity, knowing that the Commander-in-Chief's Forces were approaching that place. Lal Singh did so, but attacked the British at Moodkee on 18th December. On 17th and 18th, Tej Singh's troops did little except loot villages and fire salutes from Zamburaks, light guns discharged from the backs of camels. On the 17th Littler received news of General Gough's approach. The following evening the weather was cold, and Ashburnham was sitting with Nicolson in his tent, smoking a cheroot and sipping a night-cap of grog. A wounded Sikh was brought in by a vidette of the 3rd Light Dragoons, and a threat of hanging brought the first news of Lal Singh's repulse by the British that day at Moodkee.

==== The Battle of Ferozeshah ====
'''''See also [[Battle of Ferozeshah]]'''''

At eight o'clock on the morning of 21st December Littler's Division marched. The 62nd, in full kit, red coats and stocks, numbered just under 600, including many convalescents from cholera and fever just out of hospital. By 12.30 p.m. they had covered the twelve miles without incident, and joined the other British force about five miles South-west of Ferozeshah. General Gough's total force was now about 18,000 with sixty-three guns, mostly of small calibre, and a preponderance of native troops. The exact position of the enemy was not discovered until three in the afternoon, when they were found strongly entrenched around [[Ferozeshah]] village. This Sikh force was the one commanded by Lal Singh; reinforced since fighting at [[Moodkee]], it now totalled over 30,000 men with more than 100 guns, many of large calibre. Tej Singh, with at least an equivalent force, was still encamped some ten miles away near the Sutlej. The village of [[Ferozeshah]] lay behind a high embankment, along which the Sikhs were positioned. In front of them the ground was flat and completely open for 300 yards, then came brushwood and jungle through which the British advanced to the attack at four in the afternoon.

==== Later events ====

The regiment was probably in transit in the Punjab in July 1879.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External Links ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_Regiment_of_Foot 62nd Regiment of Foot] Wikipedia [https://www.thewardrobe.org.uk/wiltshireregiment.php The Wiltshire Regiment] www.thewardrobe.org.uk [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_(Wiltshire)_Regiment_of_Foot The Wiltshire Regiment] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Duke_of_Edinburgh%27s_Royal_Regiment_(Berkshire_and_Wiltshire) Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment] Wikipedia

[[Category:British Army Infantry Regiments]]

62nd Regiment of Foot

2010-07-03T08:12:10Z

Deipnosophista:

[[Image:Wiltshir.gif|right]]
Also known as '''The Wiltshire Regiment'''.

== Chronology ==
*'''1756''' raised as 2nd Battalion 4th Regiment of Foot
*'''1758''' became the 62nd Regiment of Foot
*'''1782''' became the 62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment
*'''1881''' amalgamated with the 99th Duke of Edinburgh's (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot to become the 1st Battalion of the Duke of Edinburgh’s (Wiltshire) Regiment
*'''1921''' became The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh’s).
*'''1959''' amalgamated into The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire)

== History ==
{{Template:Origin|text=This history of the Wiltshire Regiment (62nd Foot) is largely extracted from 'The Story of The Wiltshire Regiment ' by Colonel N.C.E. Kenrick, D.S.O. (1963). It has for the most part been extracted verbatim, with some sections taken out for the sake of brevity. It focuses only on that period when the regiment was in India.}}
==== 1830-1832 ====
'''''See also [[Bangalore Mutiny]]'''''

In June 1830, the 62nd sailed to India. Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed disembarked at [[Madras]] in September with three Companies, and camped at Marmalong Bridge outside the City, before marching to [[Bangalore]], where the rest of the Regiment joined them in November.

The following year, in May, the Flank Companies marched to join a Force at [[Shimoga]], 150 miles away, to quell Mahratta disturbances in the Nugger Province in North-west [[Mysore]]. Their presence restored order and the 62nd's Companies returned to Bangalore. All was quiet in Bangalore till October 1832, when a native conspiracy might well have resulted in the death of all the Europeans. An insurrection had been planned whereby the native troops and population, assisted by the Pindaris, who were roving freebooter terrorists, mostly outlaws from various tribes, were to rise on the night of 28th October. Five hundred conspirators would be admitted through the gates of Bangalore Fort by native soldiers. They were to kill General Hawker in his quarters instantly, cut down the 62nd's sentries on the magazine and seize it. The code word for the gate to be opened was "Tipoo Sahib," the name of an Indian adventurer and usurper killed in Mysore by the British some thirty years before. Once the fort was captured, the Indian cavalry and artillerymen were to cut loose all the horses of the British 13th Light Dragoons, and kill the white gunners. The Pindaris would then be called in to carry out the general slaughter. Fortunately the plot was discovered by a Eurasian Drummer in the 48th Native Infantry; faithful to the European side of his ancestry, he revealed it. Guards were strengthened, the Indian ringleaders seized, and the 39th Foot and other reinforcements brought in from [[Poonamallee]]. Punishment was condign, four of the conspirators were blown from cannon, two were shot, and the remainder transported for life.

==== The March to Masulipatam ====
Early in 1833, after an influenza epidemic, the Regiment received orders to march from Bangalore to relieve the 45th Foot at [[Masulipatam]]. This lay 400 miles to the North-east on the coast, and was the most unhealthy station in the Madras Command, if not in the whole of India. Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed made strenuous efforts for the Regiment to be allowed to make the second half of the journey by sea from Madras. His reasons were that to go by land would entail a two months' march through districts infested with cholera and famine. All entreaties were in vain, and the 62nd set out on the 18th February about 500 strong, at the start of a most disastrous period lasting for two years. The route lay due east through Kolar towards Madras, and on 1st March a halt was made at Chittoor, where cholera was raging and claimed its first victim. This was the wife of a Private Soldier, Mrs Steven Shipway, who died at Kolcherry, nine miles on, when the march was resumed northwards two days later. Some of the men fell sick at Kolcherry, and five were buried there that morning. together with a child belonging to the Regimental Surgeon, Doctor Radford. Twelve days later the Regiment reached Nellore, cholera casualties having occurred all the way, both among the soldiers and the inhabitants living along the route. Large numbers of half-starved natives had been procured to carry the sick in blankets slung on sticks. Daily this had become more difficult, and the cattle drawing the baggage carts died from fatigue and want of forage, the countryside being scorched and bare from the long drought. Nellore lay to the northeast near the sea, and here the 62nd camped for five days in a large Tamarind plantation on the bank of the Pennair River. Additional medical aid was received from [[Madras]], the cholera abated, and was thought to have ceased when the march northwards was resumed. It soon returned. Five days later the Regiment reached the sea at Ramapatam, camping almost on the beach for a night before marching on along the shore to Cavador. On 9th April they reached Vellasor on the estuary of the Kistna. The cholera epidemic had lessened, and, crossing the river next day, they arrived at Masulipatam. The Regiment camped on a salt water marsh until the 45th Foot marched out on 16th April en route for [[Secunderabad]], when they occupied Masulipatam Fort. The 62nd had buried nearly a quarter of their number on the journey, and of those remaining, only 100 were fit for duty. On 21st May the usual hot and violent winds set in, and fifty men a day for three days were admitted to hospital, principally with apoplexy and sunstroke. Many more deaths occurred, only forty-four men being fit for duty, Garrison Guards were discontinued and Regimental Guards decreased. Shortly afterwards, when the Regiment had to parade for the reading of a Government Proclamation, only four weak Divisions could be mustered. The three Officers on parade were the Commanding Officer, his acting Adjutant, and a Subaltern who carried one of the Colours, the other being borne by a Sergeant. An immediate report was made, and the General Commanding in Madras ordered the Regiment to move to Vizagapatam, 200 miles northeast along the coast. This was countermanded by the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], who ordered a Medical Committee of Investigation. Besides cholera, the 62nd were then afflicted with dysentery in a malignant form which killed within twelve hours. In August, when the Medical Committee assembled, the only men fit for duty in the whole Regiment were two Subalterns. The Committee recommended a sea trip for over 200 of the 62nd, and all those sufficiently recovered embarked in the 'Abberton', a chartered transport of 600 tons. The Commanding Officer and 154 others sailed on 27th August for a six weeks' cruise in the Bay of Bengal, visiting the Nicobar and Andaman islands. A large number of men convalescing from cholera and dysentery, and crowded on board a small ship with rudimentary sanitation, were not likely to regain their health by sailing through tropical seas in light marching order. Eleven men died at sea, and most of the remainder were readmitted to hospital on their return with dropsy and scurvy, from which many more died.

The following March Lieutenant-Colonel John Reed returned to England on two years' sick leave, but died early in 1836 from fever contracted at Masulipatam. Back in Masulipatam the depleted Regiment enjoyed better health in the early part of 1834, but the June rains brought on violent attacks of fever, ague and dysentery. The hospital was crowded, part of the barracks had to be turned into wards and deaths averaged seven a day. Another report was sent to the Commander-in-Chief in India, who was up in the [[Nilgiri Hills|Nilghiri Hills]] in Mysore. He at once ordered the 62nd to move to Moulmein in Burma, and Masulipatam ceased to be a European military station.

==== Moulmein ====

On 8th September the Regiment embarked for Burma. Only fifteen men appeared on parade, the remainder being hospital cases. In sixteen months at [[Masulipatam]] the total number of deaths came to 3 Officers, 187 Rank and File, and 115 women and children. During the ten-day voyage across the Bay of Bengal, a further twenty-four men, women and children died, and there were none strong enough to act as Pall Bearers. In October a welcome Draft arrived from England, nearly 300 strong, but by the end of the year a further fifty-eight deaths had occurred from diseases caught in India. Since leaving Bangalore the Regiment had lost about three-quarters of its men and many of their families, and all to no purpose. The recent Draft far outnumbered the remainder. With the New Year, health rapidly improved in Moulmein and the surrounding Tennaserim Provinces. Another large draft from England arrived later in 1835, and early the following year further reinforcements brought the rank and file up to 700. The 62nd began to revive, and spent four more years in Burma.

In 1837 the old King of Burma was dethroned by his brother Tharawaddy who ignored both the British Resident and the treaty with the East India Company. War threatened but a show of strength by British warships and troops calmed things down. In 1838 the situation was permanently improved by the arrival of a sloop of war and a new British Resident at [[Rangoon]]. The following year a Burmese plot came to light for the burning of the town and magazine at Moulmein, prompt action by the 62nd preventing this. In 1840 further substantial Drafts arrived from England, and Brigadier George Hillier again went to Calcutta because of ill-health, only to die there of apoplexy. No ships arrived from [[Calcutta]] for two months, which upset both communications and supplies. Affairs had assumed a threatening aspect in India by the middle of the year, and the 62nd were ordered there.

==== Return to India ====

In September and October the 62nd sailed from Burma to Calcutta. A Draft of 100 men from England awaited them in [[Fort William]]. Their records stated, "By November the temptations which Calcutta presented had tended much to injure the morale and regularity of the Corps." On 5th November they started on a month's march to Hazaribagh, 2,000 feet up in the hills of Bihar. On the very first day the old scourge of cholera broke out again. Twenty-two men died on the way, making fifty-six deaths in all since leaving Burma. The families and the sick went up the Ganges by boat to [[Dinapore]], and were then faced with thirteen days' march South to [[Hazaribagh]]. This station had been chosen for European troops as having one of the coolest and most temperate climates in India, but the barracks, though large, were badly built, and the water was impure.
Early in 1841, a Draft of fifty recruits brought cholera with them from Calcutta. The Regiment's Assistant Surgeon committed suicide, and the Chaplain died of the disease. The June rains set in and there were 150 men in hospital, 38 of whom had died by September. The following month the 62nd relieved the 50th Foot in Calcutta. Sickness again increased with the advent of the hot weather, there being over 200 of the rank and file in hospital in April and May, with much cholera and many deaths. This was attributed in the main to the climate, "but was no doubt augmented . . . by the great extent of intemperance which prevailed in the Regiment to an amount unparalleled in its records."

==== The Loss of the Colours ====

At the end of July, the 10th Foot arrived from England, and the young Springers relieved the old Springers in [[Fort William]]. On 11th August the first Division of the 62nd set off in boats up the River Ganges for [[Dinapore]], near [[Patna]]. All went well till 6th September, when a violent storm arose at two o'clock in the morning. The flotilla was moored to the bank opposite a place called Sickree Gully, near Bhagalpur. Many of the boats were blown from the shore and swamped, two lieutenants, forty-three of the rank and file and eighteen women and children were drowned. Colonel and Mrs Reed had the narrowest escape, their pinnace being blown loose and on to her beam-ends. The occupants managed to scramble out and cling to the sides, the Colonel and his wife doing so through the window of the after-cabin. In this position they drifted down with the current for three hours, the boat rolling from side to side but fortunately never righting, in which case she would have sunk. There were people on the banks and plenty of boats there, but their cries for help were ignored. At daybreak the dinghy was discovered, still attached to the stern by a rope. Scrambling into this they gradually righted the pinnace and half baled her out, and all were safely landed at Rajmahal. About fifty of the rank and file, who had also drifted downstream in their boats, collected here. A steamer was sent from Bhagalpur in which, with the Colonel, they overtook the Regiment. The Colours and the regimental records had been in the pinnace, and all went to the bottom of the river. All of the Officers' Mess silver was lost for good, except for a silver snuff box which was being used at the time by the Adjutant. The Regiment reached Dinapore on 1st October 1842.

==== The Punjab and the 1st Sikh War ====
'''''See also [[1st Sikh War]]'''''

In December, 1844 the 62nd were relieved by the 39th Foot, and started their march to the [[Punjab]]. In February 1845 they reached [[Delhi]], and they arrived at [[Ferozepore]], in March. The 62nd's barracks were still in the process of building, as a British Regiment was not normally stationed there; the aggressive attitude of the Sikhs beyond the River Sutlej determining the change in policy. For two months the Regiment camped out, and when they moved into ten barrack blocks in May, there were still no doors to the buildings and no officers' quarters. By now the hot weather had come, and once again cholera struck the Regiment. They always seem fated to be in a part of India rife with the disease, and there was much of it in the Punjab during that month of June. In this Asiatic variety the victims turned black and suffered cramp in the limbs, but stood every chance of recovery if they survived the first forty-eight hours. The Regimental hospital was not ready till July, and the sick had to be accommodated in one belonging to the Native Infantry. In September there were 170 men in hospital, and, by the outbreak of the [[1st Sikh War]] in December, 126 men had died from cholera and apoplexy. Ferozepore was just South-East of the River Sutlej, which formed the boundary between that part of the Punjab ruled by the Sikhs and the territory governed by the British. The 62nd's barracks lay in a great sandy plain without a tree or a blade of grass. A mile away was the old city, with the Frontier Treasury and Military Headquarters.

The Sikh religion had much in common with that of the Hindus, but with no caste system. The Sikhs never cut their black hair or beards, wore a comb in their hair, a short sword or dagger, a steel bracelet and a pair of short drawers. Tall and strong, they had an intensive military enthusiasm, and called themselves the Khalsa, the chosen brotherhood of the elect. For the past six years the "Sikh" Punjab had seen a ceaseless struggle for power between the Army and the Government with much intrigue and strife. All Sikhs were, however, united in the expectation of a British attack. Late in 1845 they moved to invade British India from a variety of motives; forestalment and self-preservation were two of them, but the thirst of the soldiers for power, natural pugnacity, and a desire on the part of the Government to involve their own Army in something other than internal strife, were greater influences. On 21st November the Sikh Army, in great numbers and with a large train of artillery, left their capital of [[Lahore]] and marched South-East towards the Sutlej, fifty miles away. Their progress was marked by the firing of guns at each daily halt. Foreseeing trouble, the British Governor-General in India, Sir Henry Hardinge, had taken certain steps. At Ferozepore, Major-General Littler now commanded a Division, though it was only 6,000 strong. Farther East, 11,000 more troops had been assembled at Ludhiana and Ambala under the [[Commander-in-Chief in India]], General Sir Hugh Gough, and the Governor-General himself. From now on, Light Cavalry Patrols were very active from Ferozepore, and, in early December, the 62nd started sleeping fully dressed with laced boots, and muskets by their cots. On 11th December the Sikhs commenced crossing the Sutlej about fourteen miles above Ferozepore to the North-east, and had some 12,000 men on the near bank by the next day. At midday on 12th December, the 62nd was ordered to occupy a position on the left bank facing North-east covering the cantonment and the city. Next day the Sikhs moved nearer with more and more men crossing the river, constant artillery salutes marking the arrival of each contingent. The 27th Native Infantry occupied the city, and the 63rd Native Infantry guarded the families and the sick in entrenchments in the cantonment.

On 12th December, the Governor-General and the Commander-in Chief set out from Ludhiana with 11,000 to 12,000 men. On the 14th the Sikh's main camp was at Attaree only seven miles from Ferozepore, with outposts close up to it. This portion of the Sikh Army was commanded by Sirdar Tej Singh, and made frequent demonstrations for the next three days. The 62nd made night sorties, but the Sikhs always retreated towards their heavy guns whereupon the British withdrew, being under orders not to stage a main attack. During this period Rajah Lal Singh, with 14,000 Regular Cavalry and masses of Irregulars, joined Tej Singh to the accompaniment of an eighty-gun salute. The combined Force numbered 60,000 men. The two Sikh Commanders by no means saw eye to eye. On the evening of the 16th, Lal Singh sent a message to Captain Peter Nicolson of the 28th Native Infantry, who was the British Political Agent in Ferozepore, saying that he was a friend of the British, and wished to prevent an attack to prove it. Nicolson replied that he should withdraw with his cavalry towards [[Moodkee]], to show his sincerity, knowing that the Commander-in-Chief's Forces were approaching that place. Lal Singh did so, but attacked the British at Moodkee on 18th December. On 17th and 18th, Tej Singh's troops did little except loot villages and fire salutes from Zamburaks, light guns discharged from the backs of camels. On the 17th Littler received news of General Gough's approach. The following evening the weather was cold, and Ashburnham was sitting with Nicolson in his tent, smoking a cheroot and sipping a night-cap of grog. A wounded Sikh was brought in by a vidette of the 3rd Light Dragoons, and a threat of hanging brought the first news of Lal Singh's repulse by the British that day at Moodkee.

==== The Battle of Ferozeshah ====
'''''See also [[Battle of Ferozeshah]]'''''

At eight o'clock on the morning of 21st December Littler's Division marched. The 62nd, in full kit, red coats and stocks, numbered just under 600, including many convalescents from cholera and fever just out of hospital. By 12.30 p.m. they had covered the twelve miles without incident, and joined the other British force about five miles South-west of Ferozeshah. General Gough's total force was now about 18,000 with sixty-three guns, mostly of small calibre, and a preponderance of native troops. The exact position of the enemy was not discovered until three in the afternoon, when they were found strongly entrenched around [[Ferozeshah]] village. This Sikh force was the one commanded by Lal Singh; reinforced since fighting at [[Moodkee]], it now totalled over 30,000 men with more than 100 guns, many of large calibre. Tej Singh, with at least an equivalent force, was still encamped some ten miles away near the Sutlej. The village of [[Ferozeshah]] lay behind a high embankment, along which the Sikhs were positioned. In front of them the ground was flat and completely open for 300 yards, then came brushwood and jungle through which the British advanced to the attack at four in the afternoon.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External Links ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_Regiment_of_Foot 62nd Regiment of Foot] Wikipedia [https://www.thewardrobe.org.uk/wiltshireregiment.php The Wiltshire Regiment] www.thewardrobe.org.uk [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_(Wiltshire)_Regiment_of_Foot The Wiltshire Regiment] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Duke_of_Edinburgh%27s_Royal_Regiment_(Berkshire_and_Wiltshire) Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment] Wikipedia

[[Category:British Army Infantry Regiments]]

India Office List

2010-06-16T09:15:46Z

Deipnosophista:

The India List was published quarterly for much of British rule in India by the India Office for much of British rule in India. It gave the names and positions of all senior officials and officers of the India Office, the Indian Government, the Indian Army and the British Army in India.

An annual version was also published giving more detail on a subset of these officials.

Incomplete runs are held in the British Library APAC collection (India Office Library)(admission restricted), the Cambridge University Library (admission restricted) and elsewhere.

Talk:India Office List

2010-06-16T09:14:04Z

Deipnosophista: Created page with 'It would be useful to know the publication timing. Was the January 18xx version published in January reflecting the situation (eg) the previous September? Or was it published i…'

It would be useful to know the publication timing. Was the January 18xx version published in January reflecting the situation (eg) the previous September? Or was it published in (eg) March reflecting the situation in January? [[User:Deipnosophista|Deipnosophista]] 09:14, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

India Office List

2010-06-16T09:12:13Z

Deipnosophista: the India Office's India List

India List

2010-06-16T09:02:42Z

Deipnosophista: insert India List published by India Office

The India List is a term used to refer to:

(i) the [[India Office List|India List]] published by the India Office each quarter and each year during much of British rule in India;

(ii) the [[Mailing lists|INDIA List]] hosted by Rootsweb.

India List

2010-06-16T09:01:53Z

Deipnosophista: insert India List published by India Office

Bombay (City)

2010-06-13T07:40:25Z

Deipnosophista: /* Churches */ surely not "country"!

{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]
|image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg
|coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E]
|altitude= 8 m (26 ft)
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]] [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] [[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]
}}

'''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.

==History==
The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city.
[[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]
[[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]
==Churches==
'''Anglican'''
*All Saints - Malabar Hill
*Christ Church - [[Byculla]]
*St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.

'''Presbyterian'''
*St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819
*St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].

'''Roman Catholic''' 
[http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.
*Cathedral of the Holy Name
*Church of the Holy Trinity
*Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]
*Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount
*Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606
*Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596
*Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794
*Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished
*Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974
*St. Andrew's Church - built 1575
*St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)
*St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964

'''Other'''
*Free Church of Scotland
*Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba

*St Nicholas

==Orphan Schools==
Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]

==External links==
===Historical Books Online===
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org
*''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org

===Other===
*[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.
*[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin
*[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui
*[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library
*[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com
*Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]
*[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive

[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Bombay]]

Nowshera

2010-06-13T07:29:46Z

Deipnosophista:

{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency=Bengal
|image=
|coordinates=
|altitude=
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowshera Nowshera]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_West_Frontier_Province North West Frontier Province],(NWFP)
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan Pakistan]
}}
''For Naushera in the Punjab, see [[Rahim Yar Khan]].''

==General==

'''Nowshera''' was a town and cantonment as well as tehsil of Peshawar District (later Peshawar Division). The town was on the route of North-Western Railway. The population according to the 1901 census of India was 9,518.

Nowshera was close to the Afghan border, twenty miles east of Peshawar. The town was the headquarters of the tahsil of Nowshera – a small tract of low-lying riverain land on both sides of the Kabul river, known as the Khalsa tappa, and of the Khattak pargana which includes the Khwarra-Nilab valley and is separated from it by the Khattak range, which culminates in the Ghaibana Sir (5,136 feet in height) and the sanitarium and hill-station of Cherat.

==Cantonment==

In 1908 the Imperial Gazetteer of India remarked of the cantonment at Nowshera that it “stretches along the right bank of the Kabul river on a sandy plain, 3 miles in diameter, and is surrounded by low hills on all sides except the north, which is open towards the river. The garrison now consists of one British infantry regiment, two native cavalry and four infantry regiments, a mountain battery, and a bearer corps, belonging to the Peshawar division of the Northern Command. The Kabul river is crossed by a permanent bridge of boats, whence roads lead to Mardan and Charsadda. The iron road and railway bridge across the river was opened on December 1, 1903. The village of Naushahra Khurd, west of the cantonment, and the large village of Naushahra Kalān, on the north bank of the Kabul, are both outside cantonment limits. The head-quarters of the Naushahra tahsīl, with the police station, are in the former, 3 miles from the cantonment. The town contains a Government dispensary and a vernacular middle school, maintained by the District board."

==Spelling Variants==
* Naushera

==External lnks==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowshera Nowshera] Wikipedia

[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]

Jullunder

2010-06-13T07:03:40Z

Deipnosophista: new article

==General==
Records of '''Jullunder''' go back beyond the seventh century. It had in 1901 a population of 67,735, lies in the plains on the Grand Trunk Road between Delhi and Lahore, and has a mean temperature of 56° in January and 93° in June, and heavy rain, especially in the summer. The population of the Division was 45% Moslem, 40% Hindu and 14% Sikh, and described in the Gazetteer as “addicted to no form of serious crime, except female infanticide”; the common forms of crime were burglary and theft, which were dealt with by a Cantonment Magistrate and eight honorary magistrates. The town had two flour mills and a brass and iron foundry, and its trades included silk manufacture and carpentry.

==Garrison==
The cantonment had been established in 1846, four miles to the west of the town, and usually contained two batteries of field artillery, one battalion of British infantry, one regiment of native cavalry and a battalion of native infantry.

The Prince Consort’s Own Rifle Brigade, 3rd Battalion, was stationed there in 1892.

==References==

Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908 vol 9 p 298: see http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_304.gif

Talk:Money to Moyles

2010-06-13T05:58:57Z

Deipnosophista: Mountain West

I believe that there are several townlands in Galway called Mountain, including Mountain West on the railway line from Galway to Athenry, where a namesake of mine had land according to Griffith's Valuation. [[User:Deipnosophista|Deipnosophista]] 05:58, 13 June 2010 (UTC)