FIBIwiki - User contributions [en]

https://wiki.fibis.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Nick+Adams FIBIwiki - User contributions [en] 2026-05-25T05:09:42Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.42.1 https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Public_Works_Department&diff=33054 Public Works Department 2011-05-20T09:37:23Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>The '''Public Works Department''' was a government department that was responsible for buildings, roads, irrigation and railways.<br /> <br /> *The Military Works branch detatched from the PWD and became the Military Works Service under the Indian Army in 1899.<br /> <br /> *Europeans employed on State [[Railways]] were usually on the strength of the PWD and therefore a civil servant (eligible for pension etc). NB in this context, if your ancestor turns up on a railway in India and the record contains "PWD" in the note or description, then this does not refer to "Permanent Way Department" (as it would in a UK context) but to the Public Works Department!<br /> <br /> ==Departmental Structure==<br /> <br /> The PWD around 1870 was headed by the PWD Secretary to the Government of India – a consultant engineer and advisor to [[Viceroy]] and Council.<br /> Deputy Secretaries were responsible for the Departments of :<br /> *Irrigation <br /> *Railways and <br /> *Military Engineering<br /> Local Government had its PWD Secretary who was<br /> *Advisor to [[Lieutenant Governor]] or [[Chief Commissioner]] <br /> *Chief Engineer for his Province<br /> <br /> Under him, Superintending Engineers were responsible for District, or a major project ie: a railway line.<br /> <br /> Executive Engineers reported to the Superintending Engineers and were project managers for the single project. they would control: <br /> *2 or 3 Assistant Engineers, <br /> *5 or 6 European Overseer (NCO’s) <br /> *8/10 Native overseers and <br /> *Office staff<br /> <br /> == Training==<br /> *School of Military Engineering at Chatham, UK (1812) Colonial expansion resulted in a centralised establishment to teach civil engineering and architecture to officers destined for the colonies. <br /> *The Royal Engineering College at Cooper’s Hill, UK (1871) specifically trained [[Civil Engineers]] heading out to [[India]] to join the PWD.<br /> *Thomason College, [[Roorkee]]. From around 1870 Assistant Engineers are drawn from civilian staff or the [[Royal Engineers]], Artillery or line Officers were trained at Roorkee. New Engineering Officers to India spent a year at Roorkee serving with the Bengal Sappers and Miners, to acclimatise and become linguistically fluent. <br /> <br /> Thomason College was a small training college, with a staff of five. It offered a two year Engineering Course for potential Assistant Engineers.<br /> <br /> Graduates from Cooper’s Hill joined the imperial service, while those from Thomason College were destined for provincial service. Those specialising in Military Building including [[architecture]] would be based in a town, while those choosing the Irrigation, or the Railways would find themselves in a remote rural hinterland. Some students became members of the Survey Dept.<br /> <br /> Those students with a particular interest in architecture were encouraged to specialise, as there was a great demand for [[architect]]s. <br /> <br /> At the time Indian Universities were formed (1860 onwards) they took inspiation from home, where Universities taught Engineering (full-time architectural education did not begin in England until 1892 at King’s College) so they copied the existing educational model. <br /> <br /> English trained PWD engineers endorsed the training of Indian engineers at local colleges. Architectural critics (echoing the UK's Design Reform Movement suggested that engineers had insufficient design education - allowing them to copy European styles, but not innovate designs for Indian conditions. This was voiced in the 1868 Bombay Builder magazine - arguing that it was only in India that engineers were employed to design landmark buildings (Law Courts, Government buildings etc). <br /> <br /> Arguably, Engineers adversely stagnated the training of Indian technicians, and this continued until Indian Universities, captivated with Modernism, offered Architecture Courses - in the run up to Independence. A result was several generations had not studied India’s rich architectural history. Accepting this the JJ School of Art [[Bombay]] looked forward, visioning the use of concrete a new material that would in time house India's masses.<br /> <br /> As well as Thomason College, Roorkee housed: <br /> *Headquarters for the Bengal Sappers and Royal Engineers in Bengal <br /> *Foundry <br /> *Quarter Master Course - seven month course <br /> <br /> ==FIBIS Resources==<br /> *Hugh Wilding, "M.I.C.E. in the branches: a family history work in progress" ''FIBIS Journal'' No 23 (Spring 2010), pages 28-38. M.I.C.E. stands for Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. An account of researching a civil engineer in the Public Works Department. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]]<br /> *Hugh Wilding, "Building the Beas Bridge" ''FIBIS Journa''l No 24 (Autumn 2010), pages 50-53. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]].<br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> *The following [[India Office Records]] held at the [[British Library]] may help researchers:<br /> **PWD Civil Lists 1861-1940 [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorv_5&cid=1-2#1-2 '''IOR: V/13]/195-226'''<br /> **Once the whereabouts of your ancestor in a given year has been established, a useful next step is the [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorv_5&cid=1-1#1-1 '''IOR V/12''' Service Histories].There are an alarming 434 volumes of Service Histories, and as well as whole sequences of volumes for the 3 Presidencies, there are more sequences for India, Assam, Bihar & Orissa, United Provinces, Punjab, North West Frontier, Central Provinces, Burma and Hyderabad! The earliest date from 1879 and the latest 1948, though dates for particular regions vary. The later you can get in your ancestor’s career the better, as the information appears to be cumulative.<br /> ** Records of Staff and Students of Cooper's Hill Engineering College 1871-1906 are held in series IOR/L/PWD/8<br /> * The [http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/?myhome=true ICE Virtual Library] (Institution of Civil Engineers) may be searched for an obituary of an ICE member, which often gives details of a person's work history. This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2011-01/1295272362 post] suggests trying the Archivist at the ICE.<br /> <br /> ==Individuals==<br /> *[http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/genealogy/dibblee/index.htm Frederick Lewis Dibblee]. Railway engineer. Worked in India 1864-1888<br /> *Tom Salkield , was Engineer to the Municipality of Delhi 1905-1922. He was awarded the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar-i-Hind Kaiser-i-Hind] decoration for public service in India .He was also in the Punjab Volunteer Rifles for 16 years..There are further details in his [http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/iicep.1960.11747.pdf ICE obituary]. Details of [http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0115%2FY3022YY Tom Salkield Delhi Photograph Album 1905-1916] Janus (Archives in Cambridge)<br /> *Charles Spedding, Engineer, of the road making contacting company Spedding & Co, making the road from Gilgit to Kashmir c 1891, and W.P. Appleford, an engineer employee - refer [[Punjab Rifles]]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[http://www.indianetzone.com/36/developments_public_works_british_india.htm Developments in Public Works, British India] from History of India, Indianetzone<br /> <br /> ====Historical books online====<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=sOILAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Reports Correspondence and Original Papers on Various Professional Subjects Connected with the Duties of the Corps of Engineers Madras Presidency'' Volume 1 1839] by Captain J. T. Smith, F. R. S. Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=WBYAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA483 "Public Works in the Bengal Presidency"] by Major General George Borlase Tremenheere, of the Bengal Engineers from ''Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers'' (Great Britain) 1858 page 483 (Google Books). He also gave evidence in 1858 to a House Of Commons Select Committe on Colonisation and Settlement in India, see [http://books.google.com/books?id=wrASAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 ''Parliamentary Papers'' 1858 (Google Books)]. <br /> *''Index Scholasticus: Sons and daughters. A guide to parents in the choice of educational institutions, preparatory to professional or other occupation of their children'' by R. Kemp Philp 1872 Archive.org includes<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924101205643#page/n171/mode/2up Entrance requirements c 1872 Civil Engineering Service in India] page 162 <br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924101205643#page/n173/mode/2up Entrance requirements c 1872, Indian Civil Engineering College, Cooper’s Hill, Surrey] page 164<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924101205643#page/n175/mode/2up The Engineer Establishment of the Indian Public Works Department], page 166<br /> *''Professional papers on Indian engineering''<br /> :[http://books.google.com/books?id=N1POAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 1 1863-64], [http://books.google.com/books?id=g1POAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 2 1865], [http://books.google.com/books?id=wVPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR4 Volume 3 1866], [http://books.google.com/books?id=_FPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR6 Volume 4 1867], [http://books.google.com/books?id=OVTOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 5 1868], [http://books.google.com/books?id=a1TOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 6 1869] Google Books. <br /> :Volume 7, 1870 is available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website. Preface computer page 3 Index commences computer page 10 (first page of index missing)<br /> :[http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap00regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 2 1873], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap01regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 5 1876], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap00regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 7 1878], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap02brangoog Second Series Volume 8 1879] Archive.org<br /> *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&lr=#PPP24,M1 India List & India Office List 1905] Your railway ancestor may be here.<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/indiaindianengin00medlrich#page/38/mode/2up ''India and Indian Engineering''] by J G Medley 1873 ex Principal of Tomason College, Rorkee. Good description of the life and work of engineers in India. Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/waysandworksini02macggoog#page/n6/mode/2up ''Ways and works in India being an account of the public works in that country from the earliest times up to the present day''] by G. W. Macgeorge 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/electricityinind00bomb#page/n7/mode/2up ''Electricity in India , being a history of the Tata Hydro- Electric Project with notes on the Mill Industry in Bombay''], edited by SM Rutnagur 1912 Archive.org. Contains a [http://www.archive.org/stream/electricityinind00bomb#page/76/mode/2up List of Engineers]<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=SJ4EAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''The Bombay Builder: an illustrated journal of engineering architecture, science & art Volume 1''] 1865 Google Books<br /> <br /> ====Current Books====<br /> *''The Indian Metropolis'', Evenson, Norma. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1989. <br /> <br /> [[Category:Occupations]]<br /> [[Category:People by occupation]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Public_Works_Department&diff=30606 Public Works Department 2011-01-22T20:19:04Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>The '''Public Works Department''' was a government department that was responsible for buildings, roads, irrigation and railways.<br /> <br /> *The Military Works branch detatched from the PWD and became the Military Works Service under the Indian Army in 1899.<br /> <br /> *Europeans employed on State [[Railways]] were usually on the strength of the PWD and therefore a civil servant (eligible for pension etc). NB in this context, if your ancestor turns up on a railway in India and the record contains "PWD" in the note or description, then this does not refer to "Permanent Way Department" (as it would in a UK context) but to the Public Works Department!<br /> <br /> ==Departmental Structure==<br /> <br /> The PWD around 1870 was headed by the PWD Secretary to the Government of India – a consultant engineer and advisor to [[Viceroy]] and Council.<br /> Deputy Secretaries were responsible for the Departments of :<br /> *Irrigation <br /> *Railways and <br /> *Military Engineering<br /> Local Government had its PWD Secretary who was<br /> *Advisor to [[Lieutenant Governor]] or [[Chief Commissioner]] <br /> *Chief Engineer for his Province<br /> <br /> Under him, Superintending Engineers were responsible for District, or a major project ie: a railway line.<br /> <br /> Executive Engineers reported to the Superintending Engineers and were project managers for the single project. they would control: <br /> *2 or 3 Assistant Engineers, <br /> *5 or 6 European Overseer (NCO’s) <br /> *8/10 Native overseers and <br /> *Office staff<br /> <br /> == Training==<br /> <br /> <br /> *School of Military Engineering at Chatham, UK (1812) Colonial expansion resulted in a centralised establishment to teach civil engineering and architecture to officers destined for the colonies. <br /> *The Royal Engineering College at Cooper’s Hill, UK (1871) specifically trained Civil Engineers heading out to [[India]] to join the PWD.<br /> *Thomason College, [[Roorkee]]. From around 1870 Assistant Engineers are drawn from civilian staff or the [[Royal Engineers]], Artillery or line Officers were trained at Roorkee. New Engineering Officers to India spent a year at Roorkee serving with the Bengal Sappers and Miners, to acclimatise and become linguistically fluent. <br /> <br /> Thomason College was a small training college, with a staff of five. It offered a two year Engineering Course for potential Assistant Engineers.<br /> <br /> Graduates from Cooper’s Hill joined the imperial service, while those from Thomason College were destined for provincial service. Those specialising in Military Building including [[architecture]] would be based in a town, while those choosing the Irrigation, or the Railways would find themselves in a remote rural hinterland. Some students became members of the Survey Dept.<br /> <br /> Those students with a particular interest in architecture were encouraged to specialise, as there was a great demand for [[architect]]s. <br /> <br /> At the time Indian Universities were formed (1860 onwards) they took inspiation from home, where Universities taught Engineering (full-time architectural education did not begin in England until 1892 at King’s College) so they copied the existing educational model. <br /> <br /> English trained PWD engineers endorsed the training of Indian engineers at local colleges. Architectural critics (echoing the Design Reform Movement that showcased its views at the 1851 Great Exhibition) suggested that engineers had insufficient design education - allowing them to copy European styles, but not innovate designs for India. This was voiced in the 1868 Bombay Builder magazine - argued that engineers in Britain were never employed to design landmark buildings (Law Courts, Government buildings etc). <br /> <br /> Arguably, Engineers on colonial service addversely the training of Indian technicians, and this continued until Indian Universities, captivated with Modernism, offered Architecture Courses - in the run up to Independence. A result was several generations had not studied India’s rich architectural history. Accepting this the JJ School of Art [[Bombay]] looked forward, visioning the use of concrete a new material that would in time house India's masses.<br /> <br /> As well as Thomason College, Roorkee housed: <br /> *Headquarters for the Bengal Sappers and Royal Engineers in Bengal <br /> *Foundry <br /> *Quarter Master Course - seven month course <br /> <br /> <br /> ==FIBIS Resources==<br /> *Hugh Wilding, "M.I.C.E. in the branches: a family history work in progress" ''FIBIS Journal'' No 23 (Spring 2010), pages 28-38. M.I.C.E. stands for Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. An account of researching a civil engineer in the Public Works Department. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]]<br /> *Hugh Wilding, "Building the Beas Bridge" ''FIBIS Journa''l No 24 (Autumn 2010), pages 50-53. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]].<br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> *The following [[India Office Records]] held at the [[British Library]] may help researchers:<br /> **PWD Civil Lists 1861-1940 ['''IOR: V/13''']<br /> <br /> * The [http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/?myhome=true ICE Virtual Library] (Institution of Civil Engineers) may be searched for an obituary of an ICE member, which often gives details of a person's work history. This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2011-01/1295272362 post] suggests trying the Archivist at the ICE.<br /> <br /> ==Individuals==<br /> *[http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/genealogy/dibblee/index.htm Frederick Lewis Dibblee]. Railway engineer. Worked in India 1864-1888<br /> *Tom Salkield , was Engineer to the Municipality of Delhi 1905-1922. He was awarded the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar-i-Hind Kaiser-i-Hind] decoration for public service in India .He was also in the Punjab Volunteer Rifles for 16 years..There are further details in his [http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/iicep.1960.11747.pdf ICE obituary]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[http://www.indianetzone.com/36/developments_public_works_british_india.htm Developments in Public Works, British India] from History of India, Indianetzone<br /> <br /> ===Historical books online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=WBYAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA483 "Public Works in the Bengal Presidency"] by Major General George Borlase Tremenheere, of the Bengal Engineers from ''Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers'' (Great Britain) 1858 page 483 (Google Books). He also gave evidence in 1858 to a House Of Commons Select Committe on Colonisation and Settlement in India, see [http://books.google.com/books?id=wrASAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 ''Parliamentary Papers'' 1858 (Google Books)]. <br /> *''Professional papers on Indian engineering''<br /> :[http://books.google.com/books?id=N1POAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 1 1863-64], [http://books.google.com/books?id=g1POAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 2 1865], [http://books.google.com/books?id=wVPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR4 Volume 3 1866], [http://books.google.com/books?id=_FPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR6 Volume 4 1867], [http://books.google.com/books?id=OVTOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 5 1868], [http://books.google.com/books?id=a1TOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 6 1869] Google Books. <br /> :Volume 7, 1870 is available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website. Preface computer page 3 Index commences computer page 10 (first page of index missing)<br /> :[http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap00regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 2 1873], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap01regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 5 1876], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap00regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 7 1878], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap02brangoog Second Series Volume 8 1879] Archive.org<br /> *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&lr=#PPP24,M1 India List & India Office List 1905] Your railway ancestor may be here.<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/indiaindianengin00medlrich#page/38/mode/2up ''India and Indian Engineering''] by J G Medley 1873 ex Principal of Tomason College, Rorkee. Good description of the life and work of engineers in India. Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/waysandworksini02macggoog#page/n6/mode/2up ''Ways and works in India being an account of the public works in that country from the earliest times up to the present day''] by G. W. Macgeorge 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/electricityinind00bomb#page/n7/mode/2up ''Electricity in India , being a history of the Tata Hydro- Electric Project with notes on the Mill Industry in Bombay''], edited by SM Rutnagur 1912 Archive.org. Contains a [http://www.archive.org/stream/electricityinind00bomb#page/76/mode/2up List of Engineers]<br /> <br /> ===Current Books===<br /> *''The Indian Metropolis'', Evenson, Norma. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1989. <br /> <br /> [[Category:Occupations]]<br /> [[Category:People]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=28868 Bombay (City) 2010-09-25T21:34:05Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra. <br /> *Located on the inlet of Bom Bahia (beautiful bay).<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864. This allowed Bombay to fill the global demand for cotton resulting from shortages as a consequence of the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further shortened the passage to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamsetji Jijibhoy (JJ) School of Art, and the Mechanics Institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation. <br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage. Bombay introduced Modernist architecture to India seeing new concrete construction methods as an inclusive architecture available to India's masses in the lead up to Independence. <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/allsaints.htm All Saints - Malabar Hill]<br /> *[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/christ.htm Christ Church - Byculla]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> *[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/afghan.htm St. John the Evangelist Church, Colaba] - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> *Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1861 <br /> *Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888 <br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> <br /> Refer also [http://www.wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=List_of_cemeteries#B List of Cemeteries]<br /> *European Burial Ground, Queens Road<br /> *Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> *Cathedral High Scool<br /> *Alexandra Girls School<br /> *Islamia School<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Catholic'''<br /> <br /> ''Boys''<br /> *The High School of St. Xavier <br /> *St. Mary's High School<br /> <br /> ''Girls''<br /> *Girls High Schools, at Clare road, Par el and the Fort.<br /> *St. Joseph's Foundling Home <br /> *St. Vincent's Home for poor women and girl<br /> <br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Tertiary Education==<br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College (Catholic)<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamsetji Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hospital<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *Times of India, 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==Clubs==<br /> *The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines<br /> *Byculla Club, Byculla<br /> *Yacht Club, Wellington Pier<br /> *Bombay Club,Esplanade<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.mumbainet.com/template1.php?CID=15&SCID=5 History of Mumbai] A brief yet informative history covering key people and events during European settlement and post Independence<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Explosion_(1944) Bombay Explosion 1944] Wikipedia and [http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/bomEx.html Explosion in Bombay 14 April 1944] Merchantnavyofficers.com. The book ''Bombay Explosion'' by John Ennis 1959 is available at the [[British Library]]<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay1893]<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg Bombay1924]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway&diff=28867 Great Indian Peninsula Railway 2010-09-25T21:15:49Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Line Railways Infobox<br /> |image= GIPR Bombay-Poona Mail.jpg<br /> |caption= ''The Bombay-Poona Mail in full flight about 1910''<br /> |route= [[Bombay]] to [[Raichur]] (SE Division}<br>[[Bombay]] to [[Jubbulpore]] (NE Division))<br>[[Bhusawal]] to [[Delhi]]<br>[[Bhusawal]] to [[Nagpur]]<br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 1562 miles (1905)<br /> |gauge2= <br /> |gauge2details= <br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details=<br /> |timeline1date= 1845<br /> |timeline1details= Company formed<br /> |timeline2date= 1853<br /> |timeline2details= First section of line open to traffic<br /> |timeline3date= 1871<br /> |timeline3details= Through trains to [[Calcutta]] ''via'' [[Jubbulpore]]<br /> |timeline4date= <br /> |timeline4details= [[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]] absorbed<br /> |timeline5date= 1900<br /> |timeline5details= Line acquired by State<br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |stations= [[Kalyan]], [[Poona]], [[Hotgi]], [[Wadi]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Chanda]], [[Khandwa]], [[Itarsi]], [[Narsinghpur]]<br /> |system1date=<br /> |system1details= Worked by Great Indian Peninsula Railway<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |auxillary forces=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{System_Railways_Infobox<br /> |image= Great Indian Peninsula Railway.jpg<br /> |caption= ''Great Indian Peninsula Railway device''<br /> |timeline1date= 1900<br /> |timeline1details= Company re-formed to work State line<br /> |timeline2date= <br /> |timeline2details=<br /> |timeline3date= <br /> |timeline3details=<br /> |timeline4date= 1925<br /> |timeline4details= Government takes over working of system<br /> |timeline5date= <br /> |timeline5details= <br /> |company1=<br /> |company1details= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br /> |company2=<br /> |company2details= [[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]<br /> |company3=<br /> |company3details= [[Bhopal-Itarsi Railway]]<br /> |company4=<br /> |company4details= [[Bhopal-Ujjain Railway]]<br /> |company5=<br /> |company5details= [[Bina-Goona-Baran Railway]]<br /> |company6=<br /> |company6details= [[Gwalior Light Railway]]<br /> |company7= 1900<br /> |company7details= [[Indian Midland Railway]]<br /> |company8=<br /> |company8details= <br /> |company9=<br /> |company9details= <br /> |company10=<br /> |company10details= <br /> |company11=<br /> |company11details= <br /> |company12=<br /> |company12details= <br /> |headquarters= [[Bombay]]<br /> |workshop= [[Parel]]<br /> |stations= [[Agra]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Amraoti]], [[Banda]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bhusawal]], [[Cawnpore]], [[Chanda]], [[Delhi]], [[Dholpur]], [[Gwalior]], [[Hotgi]], [[Itarsi]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Khandwa]], [[Muttra]], [[Nagpur]], [[Narsinghpue]], [[Poona]], [[Raichur]], [[Saugor]], [[Wadi]]<br /> |system1date= 1951<br /> |system1details= [[Central Railway]] (IR zone)<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 2988 miles (1905)<br>3363 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge2= 2' 0" NG<br /> |gauge2details= 183 miles (1905)<br>202 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details= <br /> |auxillary forces= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Like most of the early railways in India, the '''Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' (GIPR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under licence and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the [[East India Company]] (EIC). The GIPR was India's and Asia's first railway.<br /> <br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> Formed in 1845, it was not until 1849 (at the urging of the then Governor, Lord Dalhousie) that the EIC sanctioned the GIPR to construct an experimental line, built to the broad gauge of 5' 6", eastward from Bombay. The first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851, but the first passenger train in India did not run until 16 April 1853, when a train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: ''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''. The 21 mile journey took an hour and fifteen minutes over the first section of the GIPR to be opened.<br /> <br /> By 1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - viz. from Bombay, ''via'' Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore - 870 miles; and from Callian, ''via'' Poonah and Sholapore, to the opposite side of the river Kristna, to meet the line, ''via'' Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000''l''l. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000''l''. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000''l''. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made."<ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref><br /> <br /> [[Image:India-rail-1870.jpg|left|thumb|Map of GIPR in 1870]]<br /> <br /> <br /> When, in 1871, the GIPR eventually reached [[Jubbulpore]] and linked to the [[East Indian Railway]] (EIR), it completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.<br /> <br /> On 30 June 1900, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.<br /> <br /> On 1 July 1925, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPR. <br /> <br /> In 1951, the GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].<br /> <br /> The principal economic benefit of the GIPR was the opening up of the interior to external trade. The two lines up the Western Ghats were fully open by 1865 in time for cotton from the Deccan to be exported from Bombay to Manchester thus filling the trade gap created by the American Civil War.<br /> <br /> ==Construction==<br /> ===The Western Ghats===<br /> The narrow coastal plain of India's west side is separated from the Deccan plateau by a mountain range which rises 1200m (3,900 ft) and which has always restricted internal communication with the Arabian Sea.<br /> <br /> ====Bhore Ghat Incline - between Kalyan and Poona====<br /> <br /> The GIPR south-eastern route towards Madras.<br /> <br /> Incline length: 15 miles, tunnels: 26 (totalling 2.25 miles in length),and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.<br /> <br /> [[Civil Engineers]] included:<br /> Consulting Engineer England: '''Robert Stephenson''' (until his death 1859)<br /> *GIPR Chief Engineer 1849 - 1862: '''James James Berkley''' (surveyor and route designer).<br /> *GIPR 2nd Engineer 1850 - CB Kerr<br /> *GIPR 3rd Engineer 1850 Robert W Graham (his assistant Robert Maitland Brereton)<br /> Consultant engineer 1847 - 1867: '''Arthur Anderson West''' (surveyor of the Bhore Gate Incline).<ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/imotp.1913.17480.pdf "Obituary of Arthur Anderson West MICE"] p 363</ref><br /> <br /> GIPR Engineers: Messrs Adamson and Clowser, replaced by Messrs West and Tate in November 1859.<br /> <br /> '''Construction Contractors'''<br /> <br /> The contract was awarded (autumn 1855) to '''William Frederick Faviell''' and work begun at Bhore Ghat on 24 January 1856. In March 1859, Faviell gave up his contract; for a short time, two GIPR engineers, '''Swainson Adamson''' and '''George Louis Clowser''', carried on the work.<br /> <br /> The GIPR construction contract was relet in November 1859 to Solomon Tredwell who died within fifteen days of landing in India. His wife, Alice Tredwell, assumed the contract and appointed Messrs Adamson and Clowser to manage the contract for her in her absence, as Mrs Tredwell returned to England. This arrangement was to last seven years. <br /> <br /> “These gentlemen (Adamson and Clowser) carried on the work with the greatest zeal and ability.” Labour management could limit construction progress, but “by their good and liberal management (Adamson and Clowser) collected and kept on the work a force of 25,000 men during two seasons, and in 1861 of more than 42,000 men.”<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Thane-I/trade_roads.html#5 Railways] Thana District Gazetteer</ref><br /> <br /> ====Thul Ghat incline - between Kalyan and Nasik====<br /> <br /> The GIPR north-eastern route towards the Gangetic plain.<br /> <br /> ===Stations===<br /> Bombay's Victoria Terminus was both the principal station and GIPR's HQ; designed by [[architect]] Frederick William Stevens, it opened on Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee.<br /> The GIPR had a collection of sidings spurring off to the docks in the east Bombay. There were numerous spurs to:<br /> *Victoria Dock 1891<br /> *Princes Dock 1888<br /> *Carnac Basin<br /> *Malet Basin<br /> *Frere Basin<br /> *Clerk Basin<br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> <br /> The following are held in the [[India Office Records]] at the [[British Library]].<br /> <br /> *'''L/AG/46/12/86''' : GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)<br /> *'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)<br /> *'''Z/L/AG/46''' : Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-1925)<br /> *'''Mss Eur D1184/14''' : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov 1861 British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> <references /><br /> <br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://www.allen-family-tree.co.uk/solomon-tredwell.html Solomon and Alice Tredwell, contractors for Bhore Ghat] ''Instone Family Tree''.<br /> <br /> *[http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?txtkeys1=Great+Indian+Peninsula+Railway GIPR picture gallery] ''Science & Society Picture Library''.<br /> <br /> *[http://the-railway-image.fotopic.net/c600548.html GIPR picture gallery] ''David Flitcroft's Photographs''.<br /> <br /> *[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-in-india "Guaranteed Railways in India"] ''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)<br /> <br /> *[http://www.centralrailwayonline.com/aboutus.jsp History (of Central Railway)] ''Central Railway (Indian Railways)''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus Victoria Terminus, (GIPR HQ & station[Bombay])] Wikipedia (now known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus)<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway incline: ] By James John Berkley: GIPR Chief Engineer, Bombay, 1860.<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofo00brer#page/8/mode/2up Reminicences of an old English Civil Engineer 1859 -1905] ''Brereton's account of working on the GIPR''<br /> {{Railwaymap <br /> |railway= the North East Division<br /> |link= http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=108089533651928306068.0004776aacede4ad4baa7<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Railways]]<br /> [[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]<br /> [[Category:State Railways]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway&diff=28866 Great Indian Peninsula Railway 2010-09-25T21:12:58Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Line Railways Infobox<br /> |image= GIPR Bombay-Poona Mail.jpg<br /> |caption= ''The Bombay-Poona Mail in full flight about 1910''<br /> |route= [[Bombay]] to [[Raichur]] (SE Division}<br>[[Bombay]] to [[Jubbulpore]] (NE Division))<br>[[Bhusawal]] to [[Delhi]]<br>[[Bhusawal]] to [[Nagpur]]<br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 1562 miles (1905)<br /> |gauge2= <br /> |gauge2details= <br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details=<br /> |timeline1date= 1845<br /> |timeline1details= Company formed<br /> |timeline2date= 1853<br /> |timeline2details= First section of line open to traffic<br /> |timeline3date= 1871<br /> |timeline3details= Through trains to [[Calcutta]] ''via'' [[Jubbulpore]]<br /> |timeline4date= <br /> |timeline4details= [[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]] absorbed<br /> |timeline5date= 1900<br /> |timeline5details= Line acquired by State<br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |stations= [[Kalyan]], [[Poona]], [[Hotgi]], [[Wadi]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Chanda]], [[Khandwa]], [[Itarsi]], [[Narsinghpur]]<br /> |system1date=<br /> |system1details= Worked by Great Indian Peninsula Railway<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |auxillary forces=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{System_Railways_Infobox<br /> |image= Great Indian Peninsula Railway.jpg<br /> |caption= ''Great Indian Peninsula Railway device''<br /> |timeline1date= 1900<br /> |timeline1details= Company re-formed to work State line<br /> |timeline2date= <br /> |timeline2details=<br /> |timeline3date= <br /> |timeline3details=<br /> |timeline4date= 1925<br /> |timeline4details= Government takes over working of system<br /> |timeline5date= <br /> |timeline5details= <br /> |company1=<br /> |company1details= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br /> |company2=<br /> |company2details= [[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]<br /> |company3=<br /> |company3details= [[Bhopal-Itarsi Railway]]<br /> |company4=<br /> |company4details= [[Bhopal-Ujjain Railway]]<br /> |company5=<br /> |company5details= [[Bina-Goona-Baran Railway]]<br /> |company6=<br /> |company6details= [[Gwalior Light Railway]]<br /> |company7= 1900<br /> |company7details= [[Indian Midland Railway]]<br /> |company8=<br /> |company8details= <br /> |company9=<br /> |company9details= <br /> |company10=<br /> |company10details= <br /> |company11=<br /> |company11details= <br /> |company12=<br /> |company12details= <br /> |headquarters= [[Bombay]]<br /> |workshop= [[Parel]]<br /> |stations= [[Agra]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Amraoti]], [[Banda]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bhusawal]], [[Cawnpore]], [[Chanda]], [[Delhi]], [[Dholpur]], [[Gwalior]], [[Hotgi]], [[Itarsi]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Khandwa]], [[Muttra]], [[Nagpur]], [[Narsinghpue]], [[Poona]], [[Raichur]], [[Saugor]], [[Wadi]]<br /> |system1date= 1951<br /> |system1details= [[Central Railway]] (IR zone)<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 2988 miles (1905)<br>3363 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge2= 2' 0" NG<br /> |gauge2details= 183 miles (1905)<br>202 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details= <br /> |auxillary forces= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Like most of the early railways in India, the '''Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' (GIPR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under licence and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the [[East India Company]] (EIC). The GIPR was India's and Asia's first railway.<br /> <br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> Formed in 1845, it was not until 1849 (at the urging of the then Governor, Lord Dalhousie) that the EIC sanctioned the GIPR to construct an experimental line, built to the broad gauge of 5' 6", eastward from Bombay. The first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851, but the first passenger train in India did not run until 16 April 1853, when a train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: ''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''. The 21 mile journey took an hour and fifteen minutes over the first section of the GIPR to be opened.<br /> <br /> By 1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - viz. from Bombay, ''via'' Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore - 870 miles; and from Callian, ''via'' Poonah and Sholapore, to the opposite side of the river Kristna, to meet the line, ''via'' Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000''l''l. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000''l''. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000''l''. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made."<ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref><br /> <br /> [[Image:India-rail-1870.jpg|left|thumb|Map of GIPR in 1870]]<br /> <br /> <br /> When, in 1871, the GIPR eventually reached [[Jubbulpore]] and linked to the [[East Indian Railway]] (EIR), it completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.<br /> <br /> On 30 June 1900, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.<br /> <br /> On 1 July 1925, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPR. <br /> <br /> In 1951, the GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].<br /> <br /> The principal economic benefit of the GIPR was the opening up of the interior to external trade. The two lines up the Western Ghats were fully open by 1865 in time for cotton from the Deccan to be exported from Bombay to Manchester thus filling the trade gap created by the American Civil War.<br /> <br /> ==Construction==<br /> ===The Western Ghats===<br /> The narrow coastal plain of India's west side is separated from the Deccan plateau by a mountain range which rises 1200m (3,900 ft) and which has always restricted internal communication with the Arabian Sea.<br /> <br /> ====Bhore Ghat Incline - between Kalyan and Poona====<br /> <br /> The GIPR south-eastern route towards Madras.<br /> <br /> Incline length: 15 miles, tunnels: 26 (totalling 2.25 miles in length),and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.<br /> <br /> [[Civil Engineers]] included:<br /> Consulting Engineer England: '''Robert Stephenson''' (until his death 1859)<br /> *GIPR Chief Engineer 1849 - 1862: '''James James Berkley''' (surveyor and route designer).<br /> *GIPR 2nd Engineer 1850 - CB Kerr<br /> *GIPR 3rd Engineer 1850 Robert W Graham (his assistant Robert Maitland Brereton)<br /> Consultant engineer 1847 - 1867: '''Arthur Anderson West''' (surveyor of the Bhore Gate Incline).<ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/imotp.1913.17480.pdf "Obituary of Arthur Anderson West MICE"] p 363</ref><br /> <br /> GIPR Engineers: Messrs Adamson and Clowser, replaced by Messrs West and Tate in November 1859.<br /> <br /> '''Construction Contractors'''<br /> <br /> The contract was awarded (autumn 1855) to '''William Frederick Faviell''' and work begun at Bhore Ghat on 24 January 1856. In March 1859, Faviell gave up his contract; for a short time, two GIPR engineers, '''Swainson Adamson''' and '''George Louis Clowser''', carried on the work.<br /> <br /> The GIPR construction contract was relet in November 1859 to Solomon Tredwell who died within fifteen days of landing in India. His wife, Alice Tredwell, assumed the contract and appointed Messrs Adamson and Clowser to manage the contract for her in her absence, as Mrs Tredwell returned to England. This arrangement was to last seven years. <br /> <br /> “These gentlemen (Adamson and Clowser) carried on the work with the greatest zeal and ability.” Labour management could limit construction progress, but “by their good and liberal management (Adamson and Clowser) collected and kept on the work a force of 25,000 men during two seasons, and in 1861 of more than 42,000 men.”<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Thane-I/trade_roads.html#5 Railways] Thana District Gazetteer</ref><br /> <br /> ====Thul Ghat incline - between Kalyan and Nasik====<br /> <br /> The GIPR north-eastern route towards the Gangetic plain.<br /> <br /> ===Stations===<br /> Bombay's Victoria Terminus was both the principal station and GIPR's HQ; designed by [[architect]] Frederick William Stevens, it opened on Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee.<br /> The GIPR had a collection of sidings spurring off to the docks in the east Bombay. There were numerous spurs to:<br /> *Victoria Dock 1891<br /> *Princes Dock 1888<br /> *Carnac Basin<br /> *Malet Basin<br /> *Frere Basin<br /> *Clerk Basin<br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> <br /> The following are held in the [[India Office Records]] at the [[British Library]].<br /> <br /> *'''L/AG/46/12/86''' : GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)<br /> *'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)<br /> *'''Z/L/AG/46''' : Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-1925)<br /> *'''Mss Eur D1184/14''' : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov 1861 British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> <references /><br /> <br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://www.allen-family-tree.co.uk/solomon-tredwell.html Solomon and Alice Tredwell, contractors for Bhore Ghat] ''Instone Family Tree''.<br /> <br /> *[http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?txtkeys1=Great+Indian+Peninsula+Railway GIPR picture gallery] ''Science & Society Picture Library''.<br /> <br /> *[http://the-railway-image.fotopic.net/c600548.html GIPR picture gallery] ''David Flitcroft's Photographs''.<br /> <br /> *[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-in-india "Guaranteed Railways in India"] ''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)<br /> <br /> *[http://www.centralrailwayonline.com/aboutus.jsp History (of Central Railway)] ''Central Railway (Indian Railways)''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus Victoria Terminus, (GIPR HQ & station[Bombay])] Wikipedia (now known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus)<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway incline: ] By James John Berkley: GIPR Chief Engineer, Bombay, 1860.<br /> <br /> {{Railwaymap <br /> |railway= the North East Division<br /> |link= http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=108089533651928306068.0004776aacede4ad4baa7<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Railways]]<br /> [[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]<br /> [[Category:State Railways]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27780 Bombay (City) 2010-08-01T09:30:25Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamsetji Jijibhoy (JJ) School of Art, and the Mechanics Institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage. Bombay introduced Modernist architecture to India seeing new concrete construction methods as an inclusive architecture available to India's masses in the lead up to Independence. <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> *Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1861 <br /> *Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888 <br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> <br /> *European Burial Ground, Queens Road<br /> *Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> *Cathedral High Scool<br /> *Alexandra Girls School<br /> *Islamia School<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Catholic'''<br /> <br /> ''Boys''<br /> *The High School of St. Xavier <br /> *St. Mary's High School<br /> <br /> ''Girls''<br /> *Girls High Schools, at Clare road, Par el and the Fort.<br /> *St. Joseph's Foundling Home <br /> *St. Vincent's Home for poor women and girl<br /> <br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Tertiary Education==<br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College (Catholic)<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamsetji Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hospital<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *Times of India, 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==Clubs==<br /> *The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines<br /> *Byculla Club, Byculla<br /> *Yacht Club, Wellington Pier<br /> *Bombay Club,Esplanade<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.mumbainet.com/template1.php?CID=15&SCID=5 History of Mumbai] A brief yet informative history covering key people and events during European settlement and post Independence<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay1893]<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg Bombay1924]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27779 Bombay (City) 2010-08-01T09:29:33Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamsetji Jijibhoy (JJ) School of Art, and the Mechanics Institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage. Bombay introduced Modernist architecture to India seeing new concrete construction methods as an inclusive architecture available to India masses in the lead up to Independence. <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> *Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1861 <br /> *Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888 <br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> <br /> *European Burial Ground, Queens Road<br /> *Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> *Cathedral High Scool<br /> *Alexandra Girls School<br /> *Islamia School<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Catholic'''<br /> <br /> ''Boys''<br /> *The High School of St. Xavier <br /> *St. Mary's High School<br /> <br /> ''Girls''<br /> *Girls High Schools, at Clare road, Par el and the Fort.<br /> *St. Joseph's Foundling Home <br /> *St. Vincent's Home for poor women and girl<br /> <br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Tertiary Education==<br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College (Catholic)<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamsetji Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hospital<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *Times of India, 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==Clubs==<br /> *The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines<br /> *Byculla Club, Byculla<br /> *Yacht Club, Wellington Pier<br /> *Bombay Club,Esplanade<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.mumbainet.com/template1.php?CID=15&SCID=5 History of Mumbai] A brief yet informative history covering key people and events during European settlement and post Independence<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay1893]<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg Bombay1924]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_Port_Trust_Railway&diff=27778 Bombay Port Trust Railway 2010-08-01T09:17:38Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Bombay]] Port Trust created 1873 was modelled on the Mersey Board in England to control all harbour activities. It undertook extensive land reclamation work, and the creation of docks <br /> *Princes Dock 1880<br /> *Victoria Dock 1883<br /> *Merewether Dry Dock 1893<br /> Half of all Indian exports passed through Bombay's docks.<br /> <br /> Railway sidings spurred off the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR) to these docks .<br /> <br /> The '''Port Trust Railway'''1915 ran from Ballard Pier to Wadala. Along this railway were built grain and fuel oil depots. The kerosene oil installations were developed at Sewri and for petrol at Wadala.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Railways]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Public_Works_Department&diff=27777 Public Works Department 2010-08-01T09:02:14Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>The '''Public Works Department''' was a government department that was responsible for buildings, roads, irrigation and railways.<br /> <br /> *The Military Works branch detatched from the PWD and became the Military Works Service under the Indian Army in 1899.<br /> <br /> *Europeans employed on State [[Railways]] were usually on the strength of the PWD and therefore a civil servant (eligible for pension etc). NB in this context, if your ancestor turns up on a railway in India and the record contains "PWD" in the note or description, then this does not refer to "Permanent Way Department" (as it would in a UK context) but to the Public Works Department!<br /> <br /> ==Departmental Structure==<br /> <br /> The PWD around 1870 was headed by the PWD Secretary to the Government of India – a consultant engineer and advisor to [[Viceroy]] and Council.<br /> Deputy Secretaries were responsible for the Departments of :<br /> *Irrigation <br /> *Railways and <br /> *Military Engineering<br /> Local Government had its PWD Secretary who was<br /> *Advisor to [[Lieutenant Governor]] or [[Chief Commissioner]] <br /> *Chief Engineer for his Province<br /> <br /> Under him, Superintending Engineers were responsible for District, or a major project ie: a railway line.<br /> <br /> Executive Engineers reported to the Superintending Engineers and were project managers for the single project. they would control: <br /> *2 or 3 Assistant Engineers, <br /> *5 or 6 European Overseer (NCO’s) <br /> *8/10 Native overseers and <br /> *Office staff<br /> <br /> == Training==<br /> <br /> <br /> *School of Military Engineering at Chatham, UK (1812) Colonial expansion resulted in a centralised establishment to teach civil engineering and architecture to officers destined for the colonies. <br /> *The Royal Engineering College at Cooper’s Hill, UK (1871) specifically trained Civil Engineers heading out to [[India]] to join the PWD.<br /> *Thomason College, [[Roorkee]]. From around 1870 Assistant Engineers are drawn from civilian staff or the [[Royal Engineers]], Artillery or line Officers were trained at Roorkee. New Engineering Officers to India spent a year at Roorkee serving with the Bengal Sappers and Miners, to acclimatise and become linguistically fluent. <br /> <br /> Thomason College was a small training college, with a staff of five. It offered: <br /> *Engineering Course for potential Assistant Engineers - a two year course <br /> *Quarter Master Course - seven month course <br /> <br /> Graduates from Cooper’s Hill joined the imperial service, while those from Thomason College were destined for provincial service. Those specialising in Military Building including [[architecture]] would be based in a town, while those choosing the Irrigation, or the Railways would find themselves in a remote rural hinterland. Some students became members of the Survey Dept.<br /> <br /> Those students with a particular interest in architecture were encouraged to specialise, as there was a great demand for [[architect]]s. <br /> <br /> Full-time architectural education did not start in England in1892 (King’s College) so at the time Indian Universities were formed (1860 onwards) they copied the existing Engineering Courses, and naturally PWD engineers endorsed the training of Indian engineers. Architectural critics suggested that engineers had insufficient design education that allowed them to do no more than to copy European styles. This was voiced in the 1868 Bombay Builder magazine - which went on to point out that engineers were never employed to design landmark buildings )Law Courts, Government buildings etc) in Britain. <br /> <br /> Arguably, Engineers on colonial service adversely influenced the training of Indian technicians, and this continued when Indian Universities, captivated with Modernism, offered Architecture in the run up to Independence. A result was several generations had not studied India’s rich architectural history. But the JJ School of Art [[Bombay]] accepted this and looked forward, visioning the use of concrete a new material that would house India masses.<br /> <br /> As well as Thomason College, Roorkee housed: <br /> *Headquarters for the Bengal Sappers and Royal Engineers in Bengal <br /> *Foundry <br /> <br /> <br /> ==FIBIS Resources==<br /> Hugh Wilding, "M.I.C.E. in the branches: a family history work in progress" ''FIBIS Journal'' No 23 (Spring 2010), pages 28-38. M.I.C.E. stands for Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. An account of researching a civil engineer in the Public Works Department. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]]<br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> <br /> The following [[India Office Records]] held at the [[British Library]] may help researchers:<br /> <br /> *PWD Civil Lists 1861-1940 ['''IOR: V/13''']<br /> <br /> ==Individuals==<br /> *[http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/genealogy/dibblee/index.htm Frederick Lewis Dibblee]. Railway engineer. Worked in India 1864-1888<br /> *Tom Salkield , was Engineer to the Municipality of Delhi 1905-1922. He was awarded the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar-i-Hind Kaiser-i-Hind] decoration for public service in India .He was also in the Punjab Volunteer Rifles for 16 years..There are further details in his [http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/iicep.1960.11747.pdf ICE obituary]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[http://www.indianetzone.com/36/developments_public_works_british_india.htm Developments in Public Works, British India] from History of India, Indianetzone<br /> <br /> ===Historical books online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=WBYAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA483 "Public Works in the Bengal Presidency"] by Major General George Borlase Tremenheere, of the Bengal Engineers from ''Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers'' (Great Britain) 1858 page 483 (Google Books). He also gave evidence in 1858 to a House Of Commons Select Committe on Colonisation and Settlement in India, see [http://books.google.com/books?id=wrASAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 ''Parliamentary Papers'' 1858 (Google Books)]. <br /> *''Professional papers on Indian engineering''<br /> :[http://books.google.com/books?id=N1POAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 1 1863-64], [http://books.google.com/books?id=g1POAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 2 1865], [http://books.google.com/books?id=wVPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR4 Volume 3 1866], [http://books.google.com/books?id=_FPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR6 Volume 4 1867], [http://books.google.com/books?id=OVTOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 5 1868], [http://books.google.com/books?id=a1TOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 6 1869] Google Books. <br /> :Volume 7, 1870 is available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website. Preface computer page 3 Index commences computer page 10 (first page of index missing)<br /> :[http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap00regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 2 1873], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap01regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 5 1876], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap00regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 7 1878], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap02brangoog Second Series Volume 8 1879] Archive.org<br /> *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&lr=#PPP24,M1 India List & India Office List 1905] Your railway ancestor may be here.<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/indiaindianengin00medlrich#page/38/mode/2up India and Indian Engineering] by J G Medley 1873 ex Principal of Tomason College, Rorkee. Good description of the life and work of engineers in India.<br /> <br /> ===Current Books===<br /> *''The Indian Metropolis'', Evenson, Norma. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1989. <br /> <br /> [[Category:Occupations]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Public_Works_Department&diff=27776 Public Works Department 2010-08-01T09:00:22Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>The '''Public Works Department''' was a government department that was responsible for buildings, roads, irrigation and railways.<br /> <br /> *The Military Works branch detatched from the PWD and became the Military Works Service under the Indian Army in 1899.<br /> <br /> *Europeans employed on State [[Railways]] were usually on the strength of the PWD and therefore a civil servant (eligible for pension etc). NB in this context, if your ancestor turns up on a railway in India and the record contains "PWD" in the note or description, then this does not refer to "Permanent Way Department" (as it would in a UK context) but to the Public Works Department!<br /> <br /> ==Departmental Structure==<br /> <br /> The PWD around 1870 was headed by the PWD Secretary to the Government of India – a consultant engineer and advisor to [[Viceroy]] and Council.<br /> Deputy Secretaries were responsible for the Departments of :<br /> *Irrigation <br /> *Railways and <br /> *Military Engineering<br /> Local Government had its PWD Secretary who was<br /> *Advisor to [[Lieutenant Governor]] or [[Chief Commissioner]] <br /> *Chief Engineer for his Province<br /> <br /> Under him, Superintending Engineers were responsible for District, or a major project ie: a railway line.<br /> <br /> Executive Engineers reported to the Superintending Engineers and were project managers for the single project. they would control: <br /> *2 or 3 Assistant Engineers, <br /> *5 or 6 European Overseer (NCO’s) <br /> *8/10 Native overseers and <br /> *Office staff<br /> <br /> == Training==<br /> <br /> <br /> *School of Military Engineering at Chatham, UK (1812) Colonial expansion resulted in a centralised establishment to teach civil engineering and architecture to officers destined for the colonies. <br /> *The Royal Engineering College at Cooper’s Hill, UK (1871) specifically trained Civil Engineers heading out to [[India]] to join the PWD.<br /> *Thomason College, [[Roorkee]]. From around 1870 Assistant Engineers are drawn from civilian staff or the [[Royal Engineers]], Artillery or line Officers were trained at Roorkee. New Engineering Officers to India spent a year at Roorkee serving with the Bengal Sappers and Miners, to acclimatise and become linguistically fluent. <br /> <br /> Thomason College was a small training college, with a staff of five. It offered: <br /> *Engineering Course for potential Assistant Engineers - a two year course <br /> *Quarter Master Course - seven month course <br /> <br /> Graduates from Cooper’s Hill joined the imperial service, while those from Thomason College were destined for provincial service. Those specialising in Military Building including [[architecture]] would be based in a town, while those choosing the Irrigation, or the Railways would find themselves in a remote rural hinterland. Some students became members of the Survey Dept.<br /> <br /> Those students with a particular interest in architecture were encouraged to specialise, as there was a great demand for [[architects]]. <br /> <br /> Full-time architectural education did not start in England in1892 (King’s College) so at the time Indian Universities were formed (1860 onwards) they copied the existing Engineering Courses, and naturally PWD engineers endorsed the training of Indian engineers. Architectural critics suggested that engineers had insufficient design education that allowed them to do no more than to copy European styles. This was voiced in the 1868 Bombay Builder magazine - which went on to point out that engineers were never employed to design landmark buildings )Law Courts, Government buildings etc) in Britain. <br /> <br /> Arguably, Engineers on colonial service adversely influenced the training of Indian technicians, and this continued when Indian Universities, captivated with Modernism, offered Architecture in the run up to Independence. A result was several generations had not studied India’s rich architectural history. But the JJ School of Art [[Bombay]] accepted this and looked forward, visioning the use of concrete a new material that would house India masses.<br /> <br /> As well as Thomason College, Roorkee housed: <br /> *Headquarters for the Bengal Sappers and Royal Engineers in Bengal <br /> *Foundry <br /> <br /> <br /> ==FIBIS Resources==<br /> Hugh Wilding, "M.I.C.E. in the branches: a family history work in progress" ''FIBIS Journal'' No 23 (Spring 2010), pages 28-38. M.I.C.E. stands for Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. An account of researching a civil engineer in the Public Works Department. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]]<br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> <br /> The following [[India Office Records]] held at the [[British Library]] may help researchers:<br /> <br /> *PWD Civil Lists 1861-1940 ['''IOR: V/13''']<br /> <br /> ==Individuals==<br /> *[http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/genealogy/dibblee/index.htm Frederick Lewis Dibblee]. Railway engineer. Worked in India 1864-1888<br /> *Tom Salkield , was Engineer to the Municipality of Delhi 1905-1922. He was awarded the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar-i-Hind Kaiser-i-Hind] decoration for public service in India .He was also in the Punjab Volunteer Rifles for 16 years..There are further details in his [http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/iicep.1960.11747.pdf ICE obituary]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[http://www.indianetzone.com/36/developments_public_works_british_india.htm Developments in Public Works, British India] from History of India, Indianetzone<br /> <br /> ===Historical books online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=WBYAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA483 "Public Works in the Bengal Presidency"] by Major General George Borlase Tremenheere, of the Bengal Engineers from ''Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers'' (Great Britain) 1858 page 483 (Google Books). He also gave evidence in 1858 to a House Of Commons Select Committe on Colonisation and Settlement in India, see [http://books.google.com/books?id=wrASAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 ''Parliamentary Papers'' 1858 (Google Books)]. <br /> *''Professional papers on Indian engineering''<br /> :[http://books.google.com/books?id=N1POAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 1 1863-64], [http://books.google.com/books?id=g1POAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 2 1865], [http://books.google.com/books?id=wVPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR4 Volume 3 1866], [http://books.google.com/books?id=_FPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR6 Volume 4 1867], [http://books.google.com/books?id=OVTOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 5 1868], [http://books.google.com/books?id=a1TOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 6 1869] Google Books. <br /> :Volume 7, 1870 is available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website. Preface computer page 3 Index commences computer page 10 (first page of index missing)<br /> :[http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap00regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 2 1873], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap01regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 5 1876], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap00regoog#page/n9/mode/1up Second Series Volume 7 1878], [http://www.archive.org/stream/professionalpap02brangoog Second Series Volume 8 1879] Archive.org<br /> *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&lr=#PPP24,M1 India List & India Office List 1905] Your railway ancestor may be here.<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/indiaindianengin00medlrich#page/38/mode/2up India and Indian Engineering] by J G Medley 1873 ex Principal of Tomason College, Rorkee. Good description of the life and work of engineers in India.<br /> <br /> ===Current Books===<br /> *''The Indian Metropolis'', Evenson, Norma. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1989. <br /> <br /> [[Category:Occupations]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Architect&diff=27775 Architect 2010-08-01T08:37:43Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>==Architecture==<br /> <br /> Colonial Indian Architecture reveals the progressive involvement of the British in India spanning about 400 years. Military engineers provided the first secure compounds for the [[East India Company|East India Company’s]] trading posts in [[Madras]], [[Bombay]], and [[Calcutta ]]. As colonial influence spread so did their architecture.<br /> <br /> Early buildings in fortified encampments were simple and functional; decoratively crenellations adorned parapets like battlements. As colonial aspirations changed from purely trading to empire, prominent buildings expressed power. This came not just from the British dominance but from their stylistic choice of Neo-Classicism to represent their cultural authority. Porticos and Doric columns were repeatedly used for 300 years. Palladian refinement reflected social aspirations for the English elite in India. More numerous were the modest cottages and bungalows, for the many of the middle classes, that borrowed stylistically from Bengali ‘bangla’ village huts. Church architecture differed by following the prevailing English trend - from the clean lines of Christopher Wren’s English Renaissance churches to the verticality of Pugin’s Victorian Neo-Gothic piles –they represented pure Christian values in a pagan land.<br /> <br /> Unlike [[French]] or [[Portuguese]] Colonialists, whose architecture was accustomed to Mediterranean needs, British designs rapidly altered adding arcades and deep verandahs to deal with the needs to shelter from sun and monsoon. Italianate designs often better suited the climatic needs, compared to pattern book English designs. Neo-Gothic variety often the choice of Venetian Gothic for in civic buildings in preference to High Gothic. <br /> <br /> Against the dominant style of the Aesthetic Imperialists (represented by the [[Public Works Department]] who commissioned and regulated colonial architectural design) there were the Native Revivalists. They thought that civic architecture should represent the people, something with a connection to the land and the past, which in later Victorian times was mirrored by William Morris’ Arts and Craft’s view - of returning to an architecture using craftsmanship and traditional methods. <br /> Bombay was more liberal, so many of the later universities and law courts opted for Indo-Saracenic architecture (a mixture of Hindu, Islamic and Western elements applied to Western buildings). James Fergusson a Morris supporter, argued that copying Indian styles to be a crime, and backed the expressive use of Indian forms in architectural expression. The issue was that it was not a fusion of east and west design. Architects working in the [[Princely States]] managed this. Indigenous methods prevailed in [[Hill station|hill stations]] where informal residential designs used the best of both traditions. .<br /> <br /> Most of the designers throughout the Raj were [[British Army]] Engineers instructed in military engineering; architectural design was self learnt from practical experience, aided by architectural reference books and copy book designs. By 1870 regional differences were obvious with Bombay Public Works employing professional officers trained in architecture, while Calcutta continued to use amateur military engineers. Later, consultant architects invited from Europe included Lutyens in [[New Delhi]], and Modernist Le Corbusier in post-colonial [[Chandrigarh]]<br /> <br /> The quality of local craftsmen and raw material made a difference. Bombay’s stone carvers were able to work with better grade stone than others– naturally their work was more detailed. The continued prevalence in other areas of the more simply decorated Neo-classical buildings demanded less intricate carving than was needed for the richly decorated Gothic style.<br /> <br /> The rise of the Indian Middle Classes with their patronage of the Arts and Architecture encouraged the marriage of indigenous and European designs. Their architectural commissions represented their affluence, civic pride, and Indian heritage. In contrast, English industrial progress evidenced with widespread use of imported corrugated iron (from the 1840's) offered construction simplification, but tended to dumb down architectural advances.<br /> <br /> Frequently colonial buildings were criticized about not responding to local conditions, or not being built using traditional, and proven local methods. The "London look" was achieved by stucco render over brick, and sadly many Raj buildings are falling into disrepair as the stucco peels away. <br /> <br /> Arguably, Engineers on colonial service adversely influenced the training of Indian technicians, and this continued when Indian Universities, captivated with Modernism, offered Architecture in the run up to Independence. Several generations of Indians had not studied India’s rich architectural history. But the JJ School of Art [[Bombay]] accepted this and looked forward, visioning the more inclusive use of concrete, a new material that would house India’s masses. But again the stucco surfaces of early Modernist buildings is failing away from disrepair, just it is on the earlier Neo-Classical buildings .<br /> <br /> ===Bombay: birthplace of modern Indian Architecture===<br /> *1865 Bombay Builder magazine first published<br /> <br /> JJ School of Art, [[Bombay]]: courses<br /> <br /> *1896 2 yr draughtsman’s course<br /> *1908 4 yr architectural course<br /> *1917 Indian Institute of Architects<br /> *1922 5 yr architectural course <br /> *1925 Bombay Architectural Association – with affiliation to the RIBA<br /> *1930 RIBA exams held in Bombay<br /> *1937 Ideal Home Exhibition introduces Modernism to India, and the more popular and the less restrained alternative - Art Deco.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==People==<br /> *[http://www.higman.de/Henry%20Irwin/henry-irwin.htm Henry Irwin Architect in India 1841–1922] by Chris Higman<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens Edwin Lutyens 1869-1944] Wikipedia - British Architect notable for the planning of New Delhi<br /> <br /> ==Other external links==<br /> <br /> === Historical books online ===<br /> <br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/indiaindianengin00medlrich#page/76/mode/2up ''India and Indian engineering''] Three lectures delivered at the Royal engineer institute, Chatham, in July, 1872. JG Megley lecture. Considers building comfort design issues, giving examples of comfortable bungalows, and stuffy churches - where services were held outside under the early morning shadow of the church.<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/indianarchitectu00haveuoft#page/n443/mode/2up ''Indian Architecture''] by EV Havel, a good description of the [[Public Works Department]] and a readable critique of Colonial Architecture in late Victorian times – asking it this the right approach?<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofmoderns04ferguoft#page/470/mode/2up ''History of Modern Architecture''] by James Fergusson mentioned above.<br /> <br /> === Others ===<br /> <br /> *[http://www.boloji.com/architecture/index.htm Indian Architecture] This is an excellent Indian site for a more detailed over view , it includes sections on Colonial Indian Architecture.<br /> *[http://www.victorianweb.org/history/empire/india/architecture.html Victorian and Edwardian Architecture in British India] from The Victorian Web<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/forumdisplay.php?f=541 Heritage Buildings & Monuments] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *[http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/495 ''Deccan Queen: A Spatial Analysis of Poona in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries''] by Wayne Thomas Mullen. Sydney University Digital Theses 26-Mar-2006. A thesis which is “structured around the analysis of a model that describes the Cantonment, the Civil Lines, the Sadr Bazar and part of the Native City of the Western Indian settlement of Poona in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.” Contains sections on architecture<br /> *[http://www.tcaup.umich.edu/workfolio/glover.pdf "“A Feeling of Absence from Old England:” the Colonial Bungalow"] by William J Glover ''Home Cultures Volume 1 Issue 1'' pages 61-82 2004(?)<br /> <br /> == Current Books==<br /> *''Stones of Empire'', Morris, Jan and JJ Cotton. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1983.<br /> *''Splendors of the Raj (British Architecture in India 1660 -1947)'', Davis, Philip. London, John Murray (Publishers)Ltd, 1985.<br /> *''The Indian Metropolis'', Evenson, Norma. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1989. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category: Occupations]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Thana&diff=27445 Thana 2010-07-06T20:24:39Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=<br /> |coordinates=19º12N’ 72º59E'<br /> |altitude= <br /> |presentname=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thane Thane] <br /> |stateprovince=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country=India<br /> |transport=[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br /> Waterway: on the estuary of the River Thana at the northern end of the Bombay Harbour inlet.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> A fortress town on the island of Salsette, 21 miles north of [[Bombay]], '''Thana''' was a commuter town for the British, set in wooded countryside. It is the HQ of Thane District of Bombay.<br /> <br /> ==Alternative names and spellings==<br /> Thana, Tanne, Thane<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Under a treaty the town was made over to the [[Portuguese]] in 1533, and Thana became prosperous. Possession was lost in 1739 when the Portuguese lost [[Bassein]]. During the [[1st Maratha War]]under threat of Portuguese repossession of Salsette and Bassein and after failed negotiation with [[Maratha]] forces in [[Poona]], the [[Annexation of Thana]] by the British 28 December 1771 was achieved by force in under the command of General Robert Gordon. Later the fort (built 1737) garrisoned (1813) by a battalion of sepoys and the [[Bombay European Foot Artillery|European Artillery]] from Bombay, was used as a jail (1913).<br /> <br /> ==Schools== <br /> *Bairāmjī High School 1880<br /> *English School for Girls<br /> *English Middle school for boys 1821 AKA ‘Thane English School’<br /> *St. John The Baptist School, Thane, was primarily intended for the teaching of Portuguese an did so up until 1905 before Enlish was taught.<br /> <br /> ==Churches==<br /> *A Igreja da Se, Nossa Senhora da Conceicao, circa 1540 (Franciscan cathedral)<br /> *The Mother of God, A madre de Deus, 1552 (and about the same time an orphanage and a collage were founded). <br /> *Our Lady of Grace, Nossa Senhora do Rozario 1574 (Augustinians church and convent)<br /> *St. John, Sam, Joao church 1609, <br /> *St. John the Baptist Church 1663 <br /> *St. James Church 1825 also known as the English church<br /> *Jewish:Gate Of Heaven Synagogue 1879 <br /> <br /> ==Railway==<br /> The Bombay (Boribunder) to Thana section of the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR) opened 16th April, 1853 and was the first railway to open in India.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_309.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India: Thane]<br /> *[http://www.aapalethane.com/OurThane/history.htm History of Thane]<br /> *[http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao-k-v-s-s/thane-city-india-information-municipal/2utb2lsm2k7a/1032# History of Thane]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Annexation_of_Thana&diff=27444 Annexation of Thana 2010-07-06T20:20:18Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Battles_Infobox<br /> |partof=[[1st Maratha War]] <br /> |date=12th - 28th December 1774 <br /> |location=[[Thana]], Island of Salsette, [[Maharashtra]] <br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |co-ordinates=19 12', 72 59' <br /> |result= British capture Salsette Island and gain full control of Bombay Harbour and the surrounding waterways<br /> |territory=<br /> |combatant1= [[East India Company]]<br /> |combatant2= Maratha Empire<br /> |commander1= Brigadier General Robert Gordon (land forces), Commodore Watson (naval forces)<br /> |commander2= Anand Roa Ram Bivakalar <br /> |strength1= 620 European, 1,000 sepoys and 200 gun lascars<br /> |strength2= Garrison forces<br /> |casualties1= 100 Europeans plus native soldiers <br /> |casualties2= garrison forces were put to the sword<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Siege of Thana Fort 1774<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> This was an event during the [[1st Maratha War]].<br /> <br /> The [[East India Company]] appointed Thomas Mostyn as envoy to the Peshwa’s court in [[Poona]] 1st April 1772, the aim was to curry favour and to prevent other colonial countries gaining access to [[Bombay]]’s Harbour, and the surrounding waterways. The real intention was to get possession of Salsette Island and the [[Bassein]] port from the [[Maratha]]s. <br /> Mostyn's negotiations for the cession of Thana were rejected. <br /> <br /> Urged by the news that a fleet had left Portugal to recover Salsette and Bassein, including possession of [[Thana]]. This would have left the [[Bombay]] isthmus isolated from the mainland of India. An assult was made on Thana Fort under Brigadier General Robert Gordon, on the 12th December 1774. On the 17th an attempt to fill the ditch was repulsed with the loss of 100 Europeans, a breach in the defences was made on the 24th, but it was not until the evening of the 28th the fort was taken, and the greater part of the garrison were put to the sword. <br /> <br /> During the siege Commodore Watson, who was in command of the naval force, was mortally wounded by particles of sand driven into his body by a cannon shot, which stuck the ground close to him.<br /> <br /> Thana fort is geometric with strong earthwork revetments radiating from the core. Seen from above, the defences are still visible. [http://wikimapia.org/96843/Thane-Central-Jail Thana Fort] <br /> <br /> ---External Links---<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War 1st Maratha War Wikipedia]<br /> *[http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=sbMFCZyAcnQC&pg=PA1010&lpg=PA1010&dq=Dictionary+of+Battles+And+Sieges:+A+Guide+to+8,500+Battles+from+Antiquity+Thana&source=bl&ots=kG21j49Teb&sig=qSl7QOwnZGyMR27S5j0KXnL6M2I&hl=en&ei=JfAwTKC6OcSJnQeehvmJBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false Battle Report]<br /> *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UWooAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA302&dq=A+history+of+the+Mahrattas,+Volume+2&cd=2#v=onepage&q&f=false History of the Marathas Google Books p198]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Categories: Wars and Campaigns | 1st Maratha War | Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Annexation_of_Thana&diff=27402 Annexation of Thana 2010-07-05T08:51:56Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Battles_Infobox<br /> |partof=[[1st Maratha War]] <br /> |date=12th - 28th December 1774 <br /> |location=[[Thana]], Island of Salsette, [[Maharashtra]] <br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |co-ordinates=19 12', 72 59' <br /> |result= British capture Salsette Island and gain full control of Bombay Harbour and the surrounding waterways<br /> |territory=<br /> |combatant1= [[East India Company]]<br /> |combatant2= Maratha Empire<br /> |commander1= Brigadier General Robert Gordon (land forces), Commodore Watson (naval forces)<br /> |commander2= Anand Roa Ram Bivakalar <br /> |strength1= 620 European, 1,000 sepoys and 200 gun lascars<br /> |strength2= Garrison forces<br /> |casualties1= 100 Europeans plus native soldiers <br /> |casualties2= garrison forces were put to the sword<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Siege of Thana Fort 1774<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> This was an event during the [[1st Maratha War]].<br /> <br /> The [[East India Company]] appointed Thomas Mostyn as envoy to the Peshwa’s court in [[Poona]] 1st April 1772, the aim was to curry favour and to prevent other colonial countries gaining access to [[Bombay]]’s Harbour, and the surrounding waterways. The real intention was to get possession of Salsette Island and the [[Bassein]] port from the [[Maratha]]s <br /> Urged by the news that a fleet had left Portugal to recover Salsette and Bassein, determined to gain possession of [[Thane]]. <br /> <br /> Mostyn's negotiations for the cession of Thana were rejected. On the 12th December 1774, under Brigadier General Robert Gordon, a breach in the defences was made on the 24th, on the 17th an attempt to fill the ditch was repulsed with the loss of 100 Europeans. But on the evening of the 28th the fort was carried by assault, and the greater part of the garrison were put to the sword. <br /> <br /> During the siege Commodore Watson, who was in command of the naval force, was mortally wounded by particles of sand driven into his body by a cannon shot, which stuck the ground close to him.<br /> <br /> Thana fort is geometric with strong earthwork revetments radiating from the core. Seen from above, the defences are still visible. [http://wikimapia.org/96843/Thane-Central-Jail Thana Fort] <br /> <br /> ---External Links---<br /> <br /> 1st Maratha War Wikipedia<br /> *[http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=sbMFCZyAcnQC&pg=PA1010&lpg=PA1010&dq=Dictionary+of+Battles+And+Sieges:+A+Guide+to+8,500+Battles+from+Antiquity+Thana&source=bl&ots=kG21j49Teb&sig=qSl7QOwnZGyMR27S5j0KXnL6M2I&hl=en&ei=JfAwTKC6OcSJnQeehvmJBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false Battle Report]<br /> *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UWooAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA302&dq=A+history+of+the+Mahrattas,+Volume+2&cd=2#v=onepage&q&f=false History of the Marathas Google Books p198]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Categories: Wars and Campaigns | 1st Maratha War | Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=1st_Maratha_War&diff=27401 1st Maratha War 2010-07-05T08:46:38Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{War|name=First Maratha War |dates=1777 to 1782 |image= |combatant1=[[East India Company]] |combatant2=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire Maratha Empire] |result=British victory |category=[[:Category:1st Maratha War|1st Maratha War]] }}<br /> {{Battlemap|war=1st Maratha War|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.00046ee95340eba958a2b&ll=22.329752,75.322266&spn=15.690551,14.414063&t=p&z=6}}<br /> == Summary == <br /> The British became involved in a dispute beween rival claimants to the throne of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire Maratha Empire]. The Presidencies of [[Bengal (Presidency)|Calcutta]] and [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]] took opposing views on the matter. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis Nana Phadnis], the leader of the Maratha chiefs, broke the terms of the treaty with Calcutta and a force under Colonel Cockburn was sent towards [[Poona]]. The British were roundly defeated at the [[Battle of Wargaum]] (Wadgaon) and forced to sign a treaty relinquishing all territory acquired after 1775. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Hastings Warren Hastings] rejected this treaty and sent another force under [http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/166/mode/2up Colonel Goddard]. After a series of victories the British prevailed and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Salbai Treaty of Salbai] was signed in 1782.<br /> <br /> == Poona Expeditionary Force ==<br /> ''Colonel Charles Egerton commanding''<br><br /> *591 European troops<br /> *2,278 Sepoys<br /> *500 gun lascars<br /> <br /> == Bengal Relief Force ==<br /> ''Col Leslie (succeeded by Col Thomas Goddard) commanding''<br><br /> *[[2nd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|1st Btn of Bengal Native Infantry]] (900 men)<br /> *[[5th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|2nd Btn of Bengal Native Infantry]] (900 men)<br /> *[[7th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|4th Btn of Bengal Native Infantry]] (900 men)<br /> *[[11th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|5th Btn of Bengal Native Infantry]] (900 men)<br /> *[[3rd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|6th Btn of Bengal Native Infantry]] (900 men)<br /> *[[13th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|7th Btn of Bengal Native Infantry]] (900 men)<br /> *One Regiment of Native Cavalry<br /> *One Company of Gholundauz (Native Artillery) (100)<br /> *Nawab of Oudh's Candahar Horse (500)<br /> '''Total 6,600 fighting men with 103 European officers'''<br /> *Servants and followers 19,000<br /> *Bazaar Department 12,000<br /> <br /> ==Related articles ==<br /> For further details of events during this period see the following articles<br /> {|<br /> |[[Annexation of Thana]]<br /> |12th December 1774<br /> |-<br /> |[[Battle of Arass]]<br /> |18 May 1775<br /> |-<br /> |[[Battle of Wargaum]]<br /> |12-13 January 1779<br /> |-<br /> |[[Occupation of Dubhoy]]<br /> |18-20 January 1780<br /> |-<br /> |[[Battle of Ahmadabad]]<br /> |15 February 1780<br /> |-<br /> |[[Capture of Lahar]]<br /> |7 February 1780<br /> |-<br /> |[[Battle of Gwalior 1780|Battle of Gwalior]]<br /> |3 August 1780<br /> |-<br /> |[[Siege of Bassein Fort 1780|Siege of Bassein Fort]]<br /> |11 December 1780<br /> |-<br /> |[[Battle of Deeg]]<br /> |1780<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Biographies ==<br /> Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography 1906<br><br /> [http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/167/mode/1up Thomas Goddard (1740?-1783)]<br><br /> [http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/192/mode/2up Warren Hastings (1732-1818)]<br><br /> [http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/310/mode/2up Nana Farnavis (1741?-1800)]<br><br /> [http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/340/mode/1up William Popham (1740-1821)]<br><br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire Maratha Empire] Wikipedia<br><br /> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War First Anglo-Maratha War 1777-82] Wikipedia<br /> <br /> ===Historical books online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=K_cRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 ''A History of the Mahrattas Volume 2, 1740-1785''] by James Grant Duff 1826 Google Books. Also [http://books.google.com/books?id=FKQ9AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Volume 1''] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=qqU9AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Volume 3'']<br /> *"Diary of Samuel Hickson 1777-1785" in ''Bengal Past and Present, Volume 49 ,Part 1 1935'' is available to read online on the Digital Library of India website, commencing computer page 12. The author fought in campaigns against Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan. (Note the website details for this volume record the language as bengali). Refer [[Online books#Digital Library of India|Online books-Digital Library of India]] for more details about this site.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Wars and Campaigns|Maratha War, 1st]]<br /> [[Category:1st Maratha War| 1st Maratha War]]<br /> [[Category:Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps|Maratha War, 1st]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Annexation_of_Thana&diff=27400 Annexation of Thana 2010-07-05T08:43:23Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Battles_Infobox<br /> |partof=[[1st Maratha War]] <br /> |date=12th - 28th December 1774 <br /> |location=[[Thana]], Island of Salsette, [[Maharashtra]] <br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |co-ordinates=19 12', 72 59' <br /> |result= British capture Salsette Island and gain full control of Bombay Harbour and the surrounding waterways<br /> |territory=<br /> |combatant1= [[East India Company]]<br /> |combatant2= Maratha Empire<br /> |commander1= Brigadier General Robert Gordon (land forces), Commodore Watson (naval forces)<br /> |commander2= Anand Roa Ram Bivakalar <br /> |strength1= 620 European, 1,000 sepoys and 200 gun lascars<br /> |strength2= Garrison forces<br /> |casualties1= 100 Europeans plus native soldiers <br /> |casualties2= garrison forces were put to the sword<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Siege of Thana Fort 1774<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> This was an event during the [[1st Maratha War]].<br /> <br /> The [[East India Company]] appointed Thomas Mostyn as envoy to the Peshwa’s court in [[Poona]] 1st April 1772, the aim was to curry favour and to prevent other colonial countries gaining access to [[Bombay]]’s Harbour, and the surrounding waterways. The real intention was to get possession of Salsette Island and the [[Bassein]] port from the [[Maratha]]s <br /> Urged by the news that a fleet had left Portugal to recover Salsette and Bassein, determined to gain possession of [[Thane]]. <br /> <br /> Mostyn's negotiations for the cession of Thana were rejected. On the 12th December 1774, under Brigadier General Robert Gordon. A breach in the defences on the 24th, on the 17th an attempt to fill the ditch was repulsed with the loss of 100 Europeans. But on the evening of the 28th the fort was carried by assault, and the greater part of the garrison were put to the sword. <br /> <br /> During the siege Commodore Watson, who was in command of the naval force, was mortally wounded by particles of sand driven into his body by a cannon shot, which stuck the ground close to him.<br /> <br /> <br /> ---External Links---<br /> <br /> 1st Maratha War Wikipedia<br /> *[http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=sbMFCZyAcnQC&pg=PA1010&lpg=PA1010&dq=Dictionary+of+Battles+And+Sieges:+A+Guide+to+8,500+Battles+from+Antiquity+Thana&source=bl&ots=kG21j49Teb&sig=qSl7QOwnZGyMR27S5j0KXnL6M2I&hl=en&ei=JfAwTKC6OcSJnQeehvmJBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false Battle Report]<br /> *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UWooAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA302&dq=A+history+of+the+Mahrattas,+Volume+2&cd=2#v=onepage&q&f=false History of the Marathas Google Books p198]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Categories: Wars and Campaigns | 1st Maratha War | Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Annexation_of_Thana&diff=27399 Annexation of Thana 2010-07-05T08:41:45Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Battles_Infobox<br /> |partof=1st Maratha War <br /> |date=12th - 28th December 1774 <br /> |location=Thana, Island of Salsette, Maharashtra <br /> |presidency= Bombay<br /> |co-ordinates=19 12', 72 59' <br /> |result= British capture Salsette Island and gain full control of Bombay Harbour and the surrounding waterways<br /> |territory=<br /> |combatant1= East India Company<br /> |combatant2= Maratha Empire<br /> |commander1= Brigadier General Robert Gordon (land forces), Commodore Watson (naval forces)<br /> |commander2= Anand Roa Ram Bivakalar <br /> |strength1= 620 European, 1,000 sepoys and 200 gun lascars<br /> |strength2= Garrison forces<br /> |casualties1= 100 Europeans plus native soldiers <br /> |casualties2= garrison forces were put to the sword<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Siege of Thana Fort 1774<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> This was an event during the 1st Maratha War.<br /> <br /> The [[East India Company]] appointed Thomas Mostyn as envoy to the Peshwa’s court in [[Poona]] 1st April 1772, the aim was to curry favour and to prevent other colonial countries gaining access to [[Bombay]]’s Harbour, and the surrounding waterways. The real intention was to get possession of Salsette Island and the [[Bassein]] port from the [[Maratha]]s <br /> Urged by the news that a fleet had left Portugal to recover Salsette and Bassein, determined to gain possession of [[Thane]]. <br /> <br /> Mostyn's negotiations for the cession of Thana were rejected. On the 12th December 1774, under Brigadier General Robert Gordon. A breach in the defences on the 24th, on the 17th an attempt to fill the ditch was repulsed with the loss of 100 Europeans. But on the evening of the 28th the fort was carried by assault, and the greater part of the garrison were put to the sword. <br /> <br /> During the siege Commodore Watson, who was in command of the naval force, was mortally wounded by particles of sand driven into his body by a cannon shot, which stuck the ground close to him.<br /> <br /> <br /> ---External Links---<br /> <br /> 1st Maratha War Wikipedia<br /> *[http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=sbMFCZyAcnQC&pg=PA1010&lpg=PA1010&dq=Dictionary+of+Battles+And+Sieges:+A+Guide+to+8,500+Battles+from+Antiquity+Thana&source=bl&ots=kG21j49Teb&sig=qSl7QOwnZGyMR27S5j0KXnL6M2I&hl=en&ei=JfAwTKC6OcSJnQeehvmJBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false Battle Report]<br /> *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UWooAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA302&dq=A+history+of+the+Mahrattas,+Volume+2&cd=2#v=onepage&q&f=false History of the Marathas Google Books p198]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Categories: Wars and Campaigns | 1st Maratha War | Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Annexation_of_Thana&diff=27398 Annexation of Thana 2010-07-05T08:29:10Z

<p>Nick Adams: Created page with 'Siege of Thana Fort 1774 From FIBIwiki Jump to: navigation, search Siege of Thana Fort 1774 Part of 1st Maratha War Date: On the 12th - 28th December 1774 Location: Thana…'</p> <hr /> <div>Siege of Thana Fort 1774<br /> From FIBIwiki<br /> Jump to: navigation, search<br /> Siege of Thana Fort 1774 <br /> Part of 1st Maratha War <br /> Date: On the 12th - 28th December 1774 <br /> Location: Thana, Island of Salsette, Maharashtra <br /> Presidency: Bengal <br /> Co-ordinates: 19.330566°N 72.815465°E <br /> Result: British victory <br /> Combatants <br /> East India Company Marathas <br /> Commanders <br /> Brigadier General Robert Gordon (land forces)<br /> Commodore Watson (naval forces) <br /> Strength <br /> 620 European, 1,000 sepoys and 200 gun lascars<br /> Casualties <br /> 100 Europeans, most of the garrison forces were put to the sword<br /> <br /> This was an event during the 1st Maratha War.<br /> <br /> The [[East India Company]] appointed Thomas Mostyn as envoy to the Peshwa’s court in Poona 1st April 1772, the aim was to curry favour and to prevent other colonial countries gaining access to Bombay’s Harbour, and the surrounding waterways. The real intention was to get possession of Salsette Island and the [[Bassein]] port from the [[Maratha]]s <br /> Urged by the news that a fleet had left Portugal to recover Salsette and Bassein, determined to gain possession of [[Thane]]. <br /> <br /> An envoy was sent to [[Poona]] to negotiate the cession but his proposals were rejected. On the 12th December 1774, under Brigadier General Robert Gordon. A breach in the defences on the 24th, on the 17th an attempt to fill the ditch was repulsed with the loss of 100 Europeans. But on the evening of the 28th the fort was carried by assault, and the greater part of the garrison were put to the sword. <br /> <br /> During the siege Commodore Watson, who was in command of the naval force, was mortally wounded by particles of sand driven into his body by a cannon shot, which stuck the ground close to him.<br /> <br /> <br /> ---External Links---<br /> <br /> Wars Heritage History<br /> 1st Maratha War Wikipedia<br /> *[http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=sbMFCZyAcnQC&pg=PA1010&lpg=PA1010&dq=Dictionary+of+Battles+And+Sieges:+A+Guide+to+8,500+Battles+from+Antiquity+Thana&source=bl&ots=kG21j49Teb&sig=qSl7QOwnZGyMR27S5j0KXnL6M2I&hl=en&ei=JfAwTKC6OcSJnQeehvmJBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false Battle Report]<br /> *[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UWooAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA302&dq=A+history+of+the+Mahrattas,+Volume+2&cd=2#v=onepage&q&f=false History of the Marathas Google Books p198]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Categories: Wars and Campaigns | 1st Maratha War | Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Thana&diff=27397 Thana 2010-07-05T08:09:30Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=<br /> |coordinates=19º12N’ 72º59E'<br /> |altitude= <br /> |presentname=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thane Thane] <br /> |stateprovince=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country=India<br /> |transport=[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> A fortress town on the island of Salsette, 21 miles north of [[Bombay]], '''Thana''' was a commuter town for the British, set in wooded countryside. It is the HQ of Thane District of Bombay.<br /> <br /> ==Alternative names and spellings==<br /> Thana, Tanne, Thane<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Under a treaty the town was made over to the [[Portuguese]] in 1533, and Thana became prosperous. Possession was lost in 1739 when the Portuguese lost [[Bassein]]. During the [[1st Maratha War]]under threat of Portuguese repossession of Salsette and Bassein and after failed negotiation with [[Maratha]] forces in [[Poona]], the [[Annexation of Thana]] by the British 28 December 1771 was achieved by force in under the command of General Robert Gordon. Later the fort (built 1737) garrisoned (1813) by a battalion of sepoys and the [[Bombay European Foot Artillery|European Artillery]] from Bombay, was used as a jail (1913).<br /> <br /> ==Schools== <br /> *Bairāmjī High School 1880<br /> *English School for Girls<br /> *English Middle school for boys 1821 AKA ‘Thane English School’<br /> *St. John The Baptist School, Thane, was primarily intended for the teaching of Portuguese an did so up until 1905 before Enlish was taught.<br /> <br /> ==Churches==<br /> *A Igreja da Se, Nossa Senhora da Conceicao, circa 1540 (Franciscan cathedral)<br /> *The Mother of God, A madre de Deus, 1552 (and about the same time an orphanage and a collage were founded). <br /> *Our Lady of Grace, Nossa Senhora do Rozario 1574 (Augustinians church and convent)<br /> *St. John, Sam, Joao church 1609, <br /> *St. John the Baptist Church 1663 <br /> *St. James Church 1825 also known as the English church<br /> *Jewish:Gate Of Heaven Synagogue 1879 <br /> <br /> ==Railway==<br /> The Bombay (Boribunder) to Thana section of the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR) opened 16th April, 1853 and was the first railway to open in India.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_309.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India: Thane]<br /> *[http://www.aapalethane.com/OurThane/history.htm History of Thane]<br /> *[http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao-k-v-s-s/thane-city-india-information-municipal/2utb2lsm2k7a/1032# History of Thane]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Talk:Thana&diff=27332 Talk:Thana 2010-06-30T10:49:14Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>Should this page be Titled Thana (the historic name) or Thane (the current name) can someone do this please. <br /> Symorse brown may be interested in the military details of the taking of Thana Fort. Please see the link for historic details of the forces involved<br /> <br /> *[http://www.aapalethane.com/OurThane/history.htm History of Thane]<br /> <br /> Nick Adams 30/06/10 10:50 pm (NZ time)</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Thana&diff=27331 Thana 2010-06-30T10:46:34Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Presidencymap1858.jpg|thumb|250px|right|'''Welcome to FibiwikiProject Locations''']]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Templates ==<br /> {{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=Bombay<br /> |image=<br /> |coordinates=19º12N’ 72º59E'<br /> <br /> |altitude= <br /> |presentname= Thane <br /> |stateprovince= Maharashtra<br /> |country=India<br /> |transport=[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Former Names== Thana, Tanne<br /> <br /> A fortress town on the island of Salsette, 21miles north of [[Bombay]], Thana was a commuter town for the English, set in wooded country-side.It is the HQ of Thane District of Bombay.<br /> <br /> Under a treaty the town made over to the [[Portuguese]] in 1533, and it became prosperous. Possession was lost in 1739 when the Portuguese lost [Bassein]. Under threat of Portuguese repossession of Salsette and Bassein and after failed negotiation with forces from [[Poona]], the English annexed Thane by taking the Fort by force in 28 December 1771 under General Robert Gordon. Later the fort (built 1737) garrisoned (1813) by a battion of sepoys and the [[European Artillery]] from Bombay, later was used as a jail (1913).<br /> <br /> ==Schools== <br /> *Bairāmjī High School 1880<br /> *English School for Girls<br /> *English Middle school for boys 1821 AKA‘Thane English School’<br /> *St. John The Baptist School, Thane, was primarily intended for the teaching of Portuguese an did so up until 1905 before Enlish was taught.<br /> ==Church==<br /> *A Igreja da Se, Nossa Senhora da Conceicao, circa 1540 (Franciscan cathedral)<br /> *The Mother of God, A madre de Deus, 1552 (and about the same time an orphanage and a collage were founded). <br /> *Our Lady of Grace, Nossa Senhora do Rozario 1574 (Augustinians church and convent)<br /> *St. John, Sam, Joao church 1609, <br /> *St. John the Baptist Church 1663 <br /> *St. James Church 1825 also known as the English church<br /> *Jewish:Gate Of Heaven Synagogue 1879 <br /> ==Railway==<br /> The Bombay (Boribunder) to Thana section of the<br /> [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR) opened 16th April, 1853 and was the first railway to open in India<br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_309.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India: Thane]<br /> *[http://www.aapalethane.com/OurThane/history.htm History of Thane]<br /> *[http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao-k-v-s-s/thane-city-india-information-municipal/2utb2lsm2k7a/1032# History of Thane]<br /> ===Categories===<br /> :*<nowiki> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]</nowiki>iki><br /> [[Category:FibiwikiProject]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Talk:Thana&diff=27330 Talk:Thana 2010-06-30T10:45:27Z

<p>Nick Adams: Created page with 'Should this page be Titled Thana (the historic name) or Thane (the current name) can someone do this please.'</p> <hr /> <div>Should this page be Titled Thana (the historic name) or Thane (the current name) can someone do this please.</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Thana&diff=27329 Thana 2010-06-30T10:43:23Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Presidencymap1858.jpg|thumb|250px|right|'''Welcome to FibiwikiProject Locations''']]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Templates ==<br /> {{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=Bombay<br /> |image=<br /> |coordinates=19º12N’ 72º59E'<br /> <br /> |altitude= <br /> |presentname= Thane <br /> |stateprovince= Maharashtra<br /> |country=India<br /> |transport=[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Former Names== Thana, Tanne<br /> <br /> A fortress town on the island of Salsette, 21miles north of [[Bombay]], Thana was a commuter town for the English, set in wooded country-side.It is the HQ of Thane District of Bombay.<br /> <br /> Under a treaty the town made over to the [[Portuguese]] in 1533, and it became prosperous. Possession was lost in 1739 when the Portuguese lost [Bassein]. Under threat of Portuguese repossession of Salsette and Bassein and after failed negotiation with forces from [[Poona]], the English annexed Thane by taking the Fort by force in 28 December 1771 under General Robert Gordon. Later the fort (built 1737) garrisoned (1813) by a battion of sepoys and the [[European Artillery]] from Bombay, later was used as a jail (1913).<br /> <br /> ==Schools== <br /> *Bairāmjī High School 1880<br /> *English School for Girls<br /> *English Middle school for boys 1821 AKA‘Thane English School’<br /> *St. John The Baptist School, Thane, was primarily intended for the teaching of Portuguese an did so up until 1905 before Enlish was taught.<br /> ==Church==<br /> *A Igreja da Se, Nossa Senhora da Conceicao, circa 1540 (Franciscan cathedral)<br /> *The Mother of God, A madre de Deus, 1552 (and about the same time an orphanage and a collage were founded). <br /> *Our Lady of Grace, Nossa Senhora do Rozario 1574 (Augustinians church and convent)<br /> *St. John, Sam, Joao church 1609, <br /> *St. John the Baptist Church 1663 <br /> *St. James Church 1825 also known as the English church<br /> *Jewish:Gate Of Heaven Synagogue 1879 <br /> ==Railway==<br /> The Bombay (Boribunder) to Thana section of the =<br /> [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]GIPR opened 16th April, 1853 and was the first railway to open in India<br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_309.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India: Thane]<br /> *[http://www.aapalethane.com/OurThane/history.htm History of Thane]<br /> *[http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao-k-v-s-s/thane-city-india-information-municipal/2utb2lsm2k7a/1032# History of Thane]<br /> ===Categories===<br /> :*<nowiki> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]</nowiki>iki><br /> [[Category:FibiwikiProject]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Thana&diff=27328 Thana 2010-06-30T10:42:52Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Presidencymap1858.jpg|thumb|250px|right|'''Welcome to FibiwikiProject Locations''']]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Templates ==<br /> {{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=Bombay<br /> |image=<br /> |coordinates=19º12N’ 72º59E'<br /> <br /> |altitude= <br /> |presentname= Thane <br /> |stateprovince= Maharashtra<br /> |country=India<br /> |transport=[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Former Names== Thana, Tanne<br /> <br /> A fortress town on the island of Salsette, 21miles north of [[Bombay]], Thana was a commuter town for the English, set in wooded country-side.It is the HQ of Thane District of Bombay.<br /> <br /> Under a treaty the town made over to the [[Portuguese]] in 1533, and it became prosperous. Possession was lost in 1739 when the Portuguese lost [Bassein]. Under threat of Portuguese repossession of Salsette and Bassein and after failed negotiation with forces from [[Poona]], the English annexed Thane by taking the Fort by force in 28 December 1771 under General Robert Gordon. Later the fort (built 1737) garrisoned (1813) by a battion of sepoys and the [[European Artillery]] from Bombay, later was used as a jail (1913).<br /> <br /> ==Schools== <br /> *Bairāmjī High School 1880<br /> *English School for Girls<br /> *English Middle school for boys 1821 AKA‘Thane English School’<br /> *St. John The Baptist School, Thane, was primarily intended for the teaching of Portuguese an did so up until 1905 before Enlish was taught.<br /> ==Church==<br /> *A Igreja da Se, Nossa Senhora da Conceicao, circa 1540 (Franciscan cathedral)<br /> *The Mother of God, A madre de Deus, 1552 (and about the same time an orphanage and a collage were founded). <br /> *Our Lady of Grace, Nossa Senhora do Rozario 1574 (Augustinians church and convent)<br /> *St. John, Sam, Joao church 1609, <br /> *St. John the Baptist Church 1663 <br /> *St. James Church 1825 also known as the English church<br /> *Jewish:Gate Of Heaven Synagogue 1879 <br /> ==Railway==<br /> The Bombay (Boribunder) to Thana section of the =<br /> [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]GIPR opened 16th April, 1853 and was the first railway to open in India<br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_309.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India: Thane]<br /> *[http://www.aapalethane.com/OurThane/history.htm History of Thane<br /> *[http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao-k-v-s-s/thane-city-india-information-municipal/2utb2lsm2k7a/1032# History of Thane]<br /> ===Categories===<br /> :*<nowiki> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]</nowiki>iki><br /> [[Category:FibiwikiProject]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Thana&diff=27327 Thana 2010-06-30T10:40:57Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Presidencymap1858.jpg|thumb|250px|right|'''Welcome to FibiwikiProject Locations''']]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Templates ==<br /> {{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=Bombay<br /> |image=<br /> |coordinates=19º12N’ 72º59E'<br /> <br /> |altitude= <br /> |presentname= Thane <br /> |stateprovince= Maharashtra<br /> |country=India<br /> |transport=[[Great Indian Penninsular Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Former Names== Thana, Tanne<br /> <br /> A fortress town on the island of Salsette, 21miles north of [[Bombay]], Thana was a commuter town for the English, set in wooded country-side.It is the HQ of Thane District of Bombay.<br /> <br /> Under a treaty the town made over to the [[Portuguese]] in 1533, and it became prosperous. Possession was lost in 1739 when the Portuguese lost [Bassein]. Under threat of Portuguese repossession of Salsette and Bassein and after failed negotiation with forces from [[Poona]], the English annexed Thane by taking the Fort by force in 28 December 1771 under General Robert Gordon. Later the fort (built 1737) garrisoned (1813) by a battion of sepoys and the [[European Artillery]] from Bombay, later was used as a jail (1913).<br /> <br /> ==Schools== <br /> *Bairāmjī High School 1880<br /> *English School for Girls<br /> *English Middle school for boys 1821 AKA‘Thane English School’<br /> *St. John The Baptist School, Thane, was primarily intended for the teaching of Portuguese an did so up until 1905 before Enlish was taught.<br /> ==Church==<br /> *A Igreja da Se, Nossa Senhora da Conceicao, circa 1540 (Franciscan cathedral)<br /> *The Mother of God, A madre de Deus, 1552 (and about the same time an orphanage and a collage were founded). <br /> *Our Lady of Grace, Nossa Senhora do Rozario 1574 (Augustinians church and convent)<br /> *St. John, Sam, Joao church 1609, <br /> *St. John the Baptist Church 1663 <br /> *St. James Church 1825 also known as the English church<br /> *Jewish:Gate Of Heaven Synagogue 1879 <br /> ==Railway==<br /> The Bombay (Boribunder) to Thana section of the =<br /> [[Great Indian Penninsular Railway]]GIPR opened 16th April, 1853 and was the first railway to open in India<br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_309.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India: Thane]<br /> *[http://www.aapalethane.com/OurThane/history.htm History of Thane<br /> *[http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao-k-v-s-s/thane-city-india-information-municipal/2utb2lsm2k7a/1032# History of Thane]<br /> ===Categories===<br /> :*<nowiki> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]</nowiki>iki><br /> [[Category:FibiwikiProject]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Thana&diff=27326 Thana 2010-06-30T10:31:42Z

<p>Nick Adams: Created page with 'Thane Thana Tanne 19º12N’ 72º59E' GIPR A fortress town on the island of Salsette, 21miles north of Bombay, Thana was a commuter town for the English, set in wooded coun…'</p> <hr /> <div>Thane Thana Tanne<br /> <br /> 19º12N’ 72º59E'<br /> GIPR<br /> A fortress town on the island of Salsette, 21miles north of [[Bombay]], Thana was a commuter town for the English, set in wooded country-side.It is the HQ of Thane District of Bombay.<br /> <br /> Under a treaty the town made over to the [[Portuguese]] in 1533, and it became prosperous. Possession was lost in 1739 when the Portuguese lost [Bassein]. Under threat of Portuguese repossession of Salsette and Bassein and after failed negotiation with forces from [[Poona]], the English annexed Thane by taking the Fort by force in 28 December 1771 under General Robert Gordon. Later the fort (built 1737) garrisoned (1813) by a battion of sepoys and the [[European Artillery]] from Bombay, later was used as a jail (1913).<br /> <br /> ==Schools== <br /> *Bairāmjī High School 1880<br /> *English School for Girls<br /> *English Middle school for boys 1821 AKA‘Thane English School’<br /> *St. John The Baptist School, Thane, was primarily intended for the teaching of Portuguese an did so up until 1905 before Enlish was taught.<br /> ==Church==<br /> *A Igreja da Se, Nossa Senhora da Conceicao, circa 1540 (Franciscan cathedral)<br /> *The Mother of God, A madre de Deus, 1552 (and about the same time an orphanage and a collage were founded). <br /> *Our Lady of Grace, Nossa Senhora do Rozario 1574 (Augustinians church and convent)<br /> *St. John, Sam, Joao church 1609, <br /> *St. John the Baptist Church 1663 <br /> *St. James Church 1825 also known as the English church<br /> *Jewish:Gate Of Heaven Synagogue 1879 <br /> ==Railway==<br /> The Bombay (Boribunder) to Thana section of the GIPR opened 16th April, 1853 and was the first railway to open in India<br /> <br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_309.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India: Thane]<br /> *[http://www.aapalethane.com/OurThane/history.htm History of Thane<br /> *[http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao-k-v-s-s/thane-city-india-information-municipal/2utb2lsm2k7a/1032# History of Thane]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27323 Bombay (City) 2010-06-30T08:31:40Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> *Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1861 <br /> *Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888 <br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> <br /> *European Burial Ground, Queens Road<br /> *Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> *Cathedral High Scool<br /> *Alexandra Girls School<br /> *Islamia School<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Catholic'''<br /> <br /> ''Boys''<br /> *The High School of St. Xavier <br /> *St. Mary's High School<br /> <br /> ''Girls''<br /> *Girls High Schools, at Clare road, Par el and the Fort.<br /> *St. Joseph's Foundling Home <br /> *St. Vincent's Home for poor women and girl<br /> <br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Tertiary Education==<br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College (Catholic)<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hospital<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *Times of India, 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==Clubs==<br /> *The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines<br /> *Byculla Club, Byculla<br /> *Yacht Club, Wellington Pier<br /> *Bombay Club,Esplanade<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.mumbainet.com/template1.php?CID=15&SCID=5 History of Mumbai]A brief yet informative history covering key people and events during European settlement and post Indepenence<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay1893]<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg Bombay1924]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27320 Bombay (City) 2010-06-29T20:13:54Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> *Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1961 <br /> *Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888 <br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> <br /> *European Burial Ground, Queens Road<br /> *Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> *Cathedral High Scool<br /> *Alexandra Girls School<br /> *Islamia School<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Catholic'''<br /> <br /> ''Boys''<br /> *The High School of St. Xavier <br /> *St. Mary's High School<br /> <br /> ''Girls''<br /> *Girls High Schools, at Clare road, Par el and the Fort.<br /> *St. Joseph's Foundling Home <br /> *St. Vincent's Home for poor women and girl<br /> <br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Tertiary Education==<br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College (Catholic)<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hospital<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *Times of India, 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==Clubs==<br /> *The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines<br /> *Byculla Club, Byculla<br /> *Yacht Club, Wellington Pier<br /> *Bombay Club,Esplanade<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.mumbainet.com/template1.php?CID=15&SCID=5 History of Mumbai]A brief yet informative history covering key people and events during European settlement and post Indepenence<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay1893]<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg Bombay1924]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway&diff=27319 Great Indian Peninsula Railway 2010-06-29T20:07:20Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Line Railways Infobox<br /> |image= GIPR Bombay-Poona Mail.jpg<br /> |caption= ''The Bombay-Poona Mail in full flight about 1910''<br /> |route= [[Bombay]] to [[Raichur]] (SE Division}<br>[[Bombay]] to [[Jubbulpore]] (NE Division))<br>[[Bhusawal]] to [[Delhi]]<br>[[Bhusawal]] to [[Nagpur]]<br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 1562 miles (1905)<br /> |gauge2= <br /> |gauge2details= <br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details=<br /> |timeline1date= 1845<br /> |timeline1details= Company formed<br /> |timeline2date= 1853<br /> |timeline2details= First section of line open to traffic<br /> |timeline3date= 1871<br /> |timeline3details= Through trains to [[Calcutta]] ''via'' [[Jubbulpore]]<br /> |timeline4date= <br /> |timeline4details= [[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]] absorbed<br /> |timeline5date= 1900<br /> |timeline5details= Line acquired by State<br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |stations= [[Kalyan]], [[Poona]], [[Hotgi]], [[Wadi]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Chanda]], [[Khandwa]], [[Itarsi]], [[Narsinghpur]]<br /> |system1date=<br /> |system1details= Worked by Great Indian Peninsula Railway<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |auxillary forces=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{System_Railways_Infobox<br /> |image= Great Indian Peninsula Railway.jpg<br /> |caption= ''Great Indian Peninsula Railway device''<br /> |timeline1date= 1900<br /> |timeline1details= Company re-formed to work State line<br /> |timeline2date= <br /> |timeline2details=<br /> |timeline3date= <br /> |timeline3details=<br /> |timeline4date= 1925<br /> |timeline4details= Government takes over working of system<br /> |timeline5date= <br /> |timeline5details= <br /> |company1=<br /> |company1details= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br /> |company2=<br /> |company2details= [[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]<br /> |company3=<br /> |company3details= [[Bhopal-Itarsi Railway]]<br /> |company4=<br /> |company4details= [[Bhopal-Ujjain Railway]]<br /> |company5=<br /> |company5details= [[Bina-Goona-Baran Railway]]<br /> |company6=<br /> |company6details= [[Gwalior Light Railway]]<br /> |company7= 1900<br /> |company7details= [[Indian Midland Railway]]<br /> |company8=<br /> |company8details= <br /> |company9=<br /> |company9details= <br /> |company10=<br /> |company10details= <br /> |company11=<br /> |company11details= <br /> |company12=<br /> |company12details= <br /> |headquarters= [[Bombay]]<br /> |workshop= [[Parel]]<br /> |stations= [[Agra]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Amraoti]], [[Banda]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bhusawal]], [[Cawnpore]], [[Chanda]], [[Delhi]], [[Dholpur]], [[Gwalior]], [[Hotgi]], [[Itarsi]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Khandwa]], [[Muttra]], [[Nagpur]], [[Narsinghpue]], [[Poona]], [[Raichur]], [[Saugor]], [[Wadi]]<br /> |system1date= 1951<br /> |system1details= [[Central Railway]] (IR zone)<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 2988 miles (1905)<br>3363 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge2= 2' 0" NG<br /> |gauge2details= 183 miles (1905)<br>202 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details= <br /> |auxillary forces= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Like most of the early railways in India, the '''Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' (GIPR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under licence and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the [[East India Company]] (EIC). The GIPR was India's and Asia's first railway.<br /> <br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> Formed in 1845, it was not until 1849 (at the urging of the then Governor, Lord Dalhousie) that the EIC sanctioned the GIPR to construct an experimental line, built to the broad gauge of 5' 6", eastward from Bombay. The first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851, but the first passenger train in India did not run until 16 April 1853, when a train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: ''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''. The 21 mile journey took an hour and fifteen minutes over the first section of the GIPR to be opened.<br /> <br /> By 1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - viz. from Bombay, ''via'' Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore - 870 miles; and from Callian, ''via'' Poonah and Sholapore, to the opposite side of the river Kristna, to meet the line, ''via'' Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000''l''l. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000''l''. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000''l''. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made."<ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref><br /> <br /> [[Image:India-rail-1870.jpg|left|thumb|Map of GIPR in 1870]]<br /> <br /> <br /> When, in 1871, the GIPR eventually reached [[Jubbulpore]] and linked to the [[East Indian Railway]] (EIR), it completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.<br /> <br /> On 30 June 1900, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.<br /> <br /> On 1 July 1925, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPR. <br /> <br /> In 1951, the GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].<br /> <br /> The principal economic benefit of the GIPR was the opening up of the interior to external trade. The two lines up the Western Ghats were fully open by 1865 in time for cotton from the Deccan to be exported from Bombay to Manchester thus filling the trade gap created by the American Civil War.<br /> <br /> ==Construction==<br /> ===The Western Ghats===<br /> The narrow coastal plain of India's west side is separated from the Deccan plateau by a mountain range which rises 1200m (3,900 ft) and which has always restricted internal communication with the Arabian Sea.<br /> <br /> ====Bhore Ghat Incline - between Kalyan and Poona====<br /> <br /> The GIPR south-eastern route towards Madras.<br /> <br /> Incline length: 15 miles, tunnels: 26 (totalling 2.25 miles in length),and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.<br /> <br /> [[Civil Engineers]] included:<br /> <br /> GIPR Chief Engineer 1849 - 1862: '''James James Berkley''' (surveyor and route designer).<br /> <br /> Consultant engineer 1847 - 1867: '''Arthur Anderson West''' (surveyor of the Bhore Gate Incline).<ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/imotp.1913.17480.pdf "Obituary of Arthur Anderson West MICE"] p 363</ref><br /> <br /> GIPR Engineers: Messrs Adamson and Clowser, replaced by Messrs West and Tate in November 1859.<br /> <br /> '''Construction Contractors'''<br /> <br /> The contract was awarded (autumn 1855) to '''William Frederick Faviell''' and work begun at Bhore Ghat on 24 January 1856. In March 1859, Faviell gave up his contract; for a short time, two GIPR engineers, '''Swainson Adamson''' and '''George Louis Clowser''', carried on the work.<br /> <br /> The GIPR construction contract was relet in November 1859 to Solomon Tredwell who died within fifteen days of landing in India. His wife, Alice Tredwell, assumed the contract and appointed Messrs Adamson and Clowser to manage the contract for her in her absence, as Mrs Tredwell returned to England. This arrangement was to last seven years. <br /> <br /> “These gentlemen (Adamson and Clowser) carried on the work with the greatest zeal and ability.” Labour management could limit construction progress, but “by their good and liberal management (Adamson and Clowser) collected and kept on the work a force of 25,000 men during two seasons, and in 1861 of more than 42,000 men.”<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Thane-I/trade_roads.html#5 Railways] Thana District Gazetteer</ref><br /> <br /> ====Thul Ghat incline - between Kalyan and Nasik====<br /> <br /> The GIPR north-eastern route towards the Gangetic plain.<br /> <br /> ===Stations===<br /> Bombay's Victoria Terminus was both the principal station and GIPR's HQ; designed by [[architect]] Frederick William Stevens, it opened on Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee.<br /> The GIPR had a collection of sidings spurring off to the docks in the east Bombay. There were numerous spurs to:<br /> *Victoria Dock 1891<br /> *Princes Dock 1888<br /> *Carnac Basin<br /> *Malet Basin<br /> *Frere Basin<br /> *Clerk Basin<br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> <br /> The following are held in the [[India Office Records]] at the [[British Library]].<br /> <br /> *'''L/AG/46/12/86''' : GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)<br /> *'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)<br /> *'''Z/L/AG/46''' : Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-1925)<br /> *'''Mss Eur D1184/14''' : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov 1861 British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> <references /><br /> <br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://www.allen-family-tree.co.uk/solomon-tredwell.html Solomon and Alice Tredwell, contractors for Bhore Ghat] ''Instone Family Tree''.<br /> <br /> *[http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?txtkeys1=Great+Indian+Peninsula+Railway GIPR picture gallery] ''Science & Society Picture Library''.<br /> <br /> *[http://the-railway-image.fotopic.net/c600548.html GIPR picture gallery] ''David Flitcroft's Photographs''.<br /> <br /> *[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-in-india "Guaranteed Railways in India"] ''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)<br /> <br /> *[http://www.centralrailwayonline.com/aboutus.jsp History (of Central Railway)] ''Central Railway (Indian Railways)''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus Victoria Terminus, (GIPR HQ & station[Bombay])] Wikipedia (now known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus)<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway incline: ] By James John Berkley: GIPR Chief Engineer, Bombay, 1860.<br /> <br /> {{Railwaymap <br /> |railway= the North East Division<br /> |link= http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=108089533651928306068.0004776aacede4ad4baa7<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Railways]]<br /> [[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]<br /> [[Category:State Railways]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_Port_Trust_Railway&diff=27318 Bombay Port Trust Railway 2010-06-29T20:00:23Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> The Port Trust Railway from Ballard Pier to Wadala was opened in 1915. Along this railway were built grain and fuel oil depots. The kerosene oil installations were developed at Sewri and for petrol at Wadala.</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27315 Bombay (City) 2010-06-29T07:36:45Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> *Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1961 <br /> *Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888 <br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> <br /> *European Burial Ground, Queens Road<br /> *Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> *Cathedral High Scool<br /> *Alexandra Girls School<br /> *Islamia School<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Catholic'''<br /> <br /> ''Boys''<br /> *The High School of St. Xavier <br /> *St. Mary's High School<br /> <br /> ''Girls''<br /> *Girls High Schools, at Clare road, Par el and the Fort.<br /> *St. Joseph's Foundling Home <br /> *St. Vincent's Home for poor women and girl<br /> <br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Tertiary Education==<br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College (Catholic)<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hospital<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *Times of India, 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==Clubs==<br /> *The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines<br /> *Byculla Club, Byculla<br /> *Yacht Club, Wellington Pier<br /> *Bombay Club,Esplanade<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay1893]<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg Bombay1924]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27314 Bombay (City) 2010-06-29T07:32:36Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> *Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1961 <br /> *Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888 <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> <br /> *European Burial Ground, Queens Road<br /> *Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> *Cathedral High Scool<br /> *Alexandra Girls School<br /> *Islamia School<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Catholic'''<br /> <br /> ''Boys''<br /> *The High School of St. Xavier <br /> *The College of St. Xavier <br /> *St. Mary's High School<br /> <br /> ''Girls''<br /> *Girls High Schools, at Clare road, Par el and the Fort.<br /> *St. Joseph's Foundling Home <br /> *St. Vincent's Home for poor women and girl<br /> <br /> ==Orphan Schools===<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Tertiary Education==<br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hosp.<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *[[Times of India]], 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==Clubs==<br /> *The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines<br /> *Byculla Club, Byculla<br /> *Yacht Club, Wellington Pier<br /> *Bombay Club,Esplanade<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay1893]<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg Bombay1924]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay,_Baroda_and_Central_India_Railway&diff=27313 Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway 2010-06-29T07:16:18Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Line Railways Infobox<br /> |image= Bbciofficebombay.jpg<br /> |caption= ''Churchgate Terminus & Offices, BBCIR, Bombay''<br /> |route= [[Bombay]] to [[Viramgam]]<br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 504 miles (1905)<br /> |gauge2= <br /> |gauge2details= <br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details=<br /> |timeline1date= 1855<br /> |timeline1details= Formed as [[Guaranteed Railways|Guaranteed company]]<br /> |timeline2date= <br /> |timeline2details=<br /> |timeline3date= <br /> |timeline3details=<br /> |timeline4date= <br /> |timeline4details= <br /> |timeline5date= 1905<br /> |timeline5details= Line acquired by State<br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |stations= [[Ahmedabad]], [[Baroda]], [[Broach]], [[Surat]]<br /> |system1date= 1906<br /> |system1details= Worked by reformed '''BBCIR'''<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |auxillary forces=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{System_Railways_Infobox<br /> |image= Bombay Baroda Central India Railway logo.jpg<br /> |caption= ''Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway device''<br /> |timeline1date= 1906<br /> |timeline1details= BBCIR contracted to work State line<br /> |timeline2date= <br /> |timeline2details=<br /> |timeline3date= <br /> |timeline3details=<br /> |timeline4date= <br /> |timeline4details= <br /> |timeline5date= 1942<br /> |timeline5details= Working of system taken over by State <br /> |company1= <br /> |company1details= [[Ahmedabad-Dholka Railway]]<br /> |company2=<br /> |company2details= [[Ahmedabad-Parantij Railway]]<br /> |company3=<br /> |company3details= [[Gaekwar's Dabhoi Railway]]<br /> |company4=<br /> |company4details= [[Gaekwar's Mehsana Railway]]<br /> |company5=<br /> |company5details= [[Godhra-Rutlam-Nagda Railway]]<br /> |company6=<br /> |company6details= [[Nagda-Ujjain Railway]]<br /> |company7=<br /> |company7details= [[Palanpur-Deesa Railway]]<br /> |company8=<br /> |company8details= [[Petlad-Cambay Railway]]<br /> |company9=<br /> |company9details= [[Rajpipla Railway]]<br /> |company10=<br /> |company10details= [[Rajputana-Malwa Railway]]<br /> |company11=<br /> |company11details= [[Tapti Valley Railway]]<br /> |company12=<br /> |company12details= [[Vijapur-Kalol-Kadi Railway]]<br /> |headquarters= [[Bombay]] (BG), [[Ajmer]] (MG)<br /> |workshop= [[Parel]] (BG), [[Ajmer]] (MG)<br /> |stations= [[Agra]], [[Ajmer]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Baroda]], [[Cawnpore]], [[Delhi]], [[Indore]], [[Jaipur]], [[Rutlam]], [[Surat]]<br /> |system1date= <br /> |system1details= <br /> |system2date= 1951<br /> |system2details= [[Western Railway]] (IR zone)<br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 868 miles (1905)<br>1233 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge2= Metre gauge<br /> |gauge2details= 2022 miles (1905)<br>1985 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge3= 2'6" NG<br /> |gauge3details= 132 miles (1905)<br>152 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details= <br /> |auxillary forces= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway''' (BBCIR) was incorporated in 1855 for "the construction and working of a line from Bombay, ''via'' Surat and Baroda, to Ahmedabad - total about 320 miles. Capital 2,300,000''l''. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent on 2,000,000''l''. capital and 4½ per cent . on 300,000''l''. debentures." 1<br /> <br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Formed in 1855 and began work on track from [[Baroda]] to [[Surat]]. By 1865, the [[Bombay]]-[[Surat]]-[[Baroda]]-[[Ahmedabad]] route was complete; in 1867, the [[Virar]]-Bombay Backbay suburban service commenced with one train in each direction each day. In 1871, trackage was 300.<br /> <br /> On 31 December 1905, ownership of the BBCIR passed to the Government of India (GoI) and a new company formed to manage the BBCIR under a conract agrred in 1907 and revised in 1913.<br /> <br /> Management of the BBCIR passed to the GoI on 1 January 1942.<br /> <br /> In 1951, the BBCIR (less the Delhi-Rewari-Fazilka and Kanpur-Achnera sections) merged with the Saurashtra, Jaipur State, Jodhpur (Marwar-Phulad section), Rajasthan and Cutch State railways to become the Western Railway, a zone of Indian Railways.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Unfortunately, there are no BBCIR staff records held in the [[India Office Records]] at the [[British Library]].<br /> <br /> ==Stations==<br /> <br /> Bombay<br /> <br /> *Grant Road<br /> *Marine Lines <br /> *Church Gate<br /> *Kolaba<br /> <br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> <br /> <br /> 1 "Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Railways]]<br /> [[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_Port_Trust_Railway&diff=27312 Bombay Port Trust Railway 2010-06-28T20:43:40Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>The [[Bombay]] Port Trust Railway were a collection of sidings spurring off from the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] to the docks in the east. There were numerous spurs to:<br /> *Victoria Dock<br /> *Princes Dock<br /> *Carnac Basin<br /> *Malet Basin<br /> *Frere Basin<br /> *Clerk Basin<br /> <br /> [http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay 1893 showing dock/ port sidings]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_Port_Trust_Railway&diff=27311 Bombay Port Trust Railway 2010-06-28T20:42:40Z

<p>Nick Adams: Created page with 'The Bombay Port Trust Railway were a collection of sidings spurring off from the Great Indian Peninsula Railway to the docks in the east. There were numerous spurs to: *V…'</p> <hr /> <div>The [[Bombay]] Port Trust Railway were a collection of sidings spurring off from the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] to the docks in the east. There were numerous spurs to:<br /> *Victoria Dock<br /> *Princes Dock<br /> *Carnac Basin<br /> *Malet Basin<br /> *Frere Basin<br /> *Clerk Basin<br /> <br /> [http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg] Bombay 1893 showing dock/ port sidings.</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27305 Bombay (City) 2010-06-28T07:30:56Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> *Synagogue, Byculla<br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> <br /> *European Burial Ground, Queens Road<br /> *Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> *Cathedral High Scool<br /> *Alexandra Girls School<br /> *Islamia School<br /> <br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Teritary Education==<br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hosp.<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *[[Times of India]], 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==Clubs==<br /> *The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines<br /> *Byculla Club, Byculla<br /> *Yacht Club, Wellington Pier<br /> *Bombay Club,Esplanade<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay1893]<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg Bombay1924]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27304 Bombay (City) 2010-06-27T20:38:41Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> *Synagogue, Byculla<br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> <br /> *European Burial Ground, Queens Road<br /> *Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> *Cathedral High Scool<br /> *Alexandra Girls School<br /> *Ialamia School<br /> <br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Teritary Education==<br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hosp.<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *[[Times of India]], 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==Clubs==<br /> *The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines<br /> *Byculla Club, Byculla<br /> *Yacht Club, Wellington Pier<br /> *Bombay Club,Esplanade<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay1893]<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg Bombay1924]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27303 Bombay (City) 2010-06-27T20:28:42Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Teritary Education==<br /> <br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hosp.<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *[[Times of India]], 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay1893]<br /> *[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg Bombay1924]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27297 Bombay (City) 2010-06-27T07:01:00Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Teritary Education==<br /> <br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hosp.<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *[[Times of India]], 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Voluntary Artillery]], [[GIPR Volunteers]], [[CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27296 Bombay (City) 2010-06-27T06:58:43Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alteration to suits the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Teritary Education==<br /> <br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hosp.<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *[[Times of India]], 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Voluntary Artillery]], [[GIPR Volunteers]], [[CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27295 Bombay (City) 2010-06-27T06:21:40Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> *Scottish Schools (Byculla), <br /> *Scottish Schools (Fort), <br /> *Cathedral Choir School (Fort)<br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Teritary Education==<br /> <br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hosp.<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *[[Times of India]], 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Voluntary Artillery]], [[GIPR Volunteers]], [[CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27294 Bombay (City) 2010-06-27T06:11:08Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> <br /> Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:<br /> *Year Population<br /> *1700 10,000 <br /> *1800 100,000 <br /> *1900 775 000 <br /> <br /> <br /> Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864 which allowed Bombay to exploit the demand for cotton resulting from the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further improved the export trade to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art, and the Mechanics institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children <br /> *Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.<br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==Teritary Education==<br /> <br /> <br /> *Elphinstone College 1835 <br /> *Grant Medical Institution 1845<br /> *Bombay Law School<br /> *The Government Law College, 1855<br /> *Wilson College<br /> *St Xavier’s College<br /> *The Sydenham College<br /> *Jamseti Jijibhoy School of Art<br /> *Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> <br /> *European General Hosp.<br /> *Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886<br /> *Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890<br /> *St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892<br /> *The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868<br /> *Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890<br /> *National Medical College on 4 September 1921<br /> *Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927 <br /> *Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929<br /> *Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925, <br /> *King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926<br /> *The Nair Hospital Dental College<br /> *The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> *Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933<br /> *[[Times of India]], 1873-1942<br /> *Bombay Gazette, <br /> *Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> *HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command<br /> *Garrison <br /> *3 companies of artillery, <br /> *2 Native infantry, <br /> *5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Voluntary Artillery]], [[GIPR Volunteers]], [[CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]], <br /> *Royal Indian Marines<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bombay_(City)&diff=27289 Bombay (City) 2010-06-24T20:27:31Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]<br /> |image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg<br /> |coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E] <br /> |altitude= 8 m (26 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city. <br /> [[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]<br /> [[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]<br /> ==Churches==<br /> '''Anglican'''<br /> *All Saints - Malabar Hill<br /> *Christ Church - [[Byculla]]<br /> *St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.<br /> <br /> '''Presbyterian'''<br /> *St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819<br /> *St John the Evangelist, Colaba - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].<br /> <br /> '''Roman Catholic'''<br><br /> [http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.<br /> *Cathedral of the Holy Name<br /> *Church of the Holy Trinity<br /> *Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]<br /> *Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount<br /> *Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606<br /> *Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596<br /> *Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794<br /> *Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished<br /> *Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974<br /> *St. Andrew's Church - built 1575<br /> *St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)<br /> *St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964<br /> <br /> '''Other'''<br /> *Free Church of Scotland<br /> *Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba<br /> <br /> *St Nicholas<br /> <br /> ==Orphan Schools==<br /> Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org<br /> *''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> **[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org<br /> *''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br /> **''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26<br /> **''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.<br /> *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin<br /> *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui<br /> *[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library<br /> *[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com<br /> *Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]<br /> *[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Bombay]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Poona&diff=27186 Poona 2010-06-20T05:15:34Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |image= St Patricks RC Church Poona.jpg<br /> |coordinates= [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=18.53,73.85&spn=0.1,0.1&q=18.53,73.85 18.520469°N, 73.85662°E]<br /> |altitude= 560 m (1,837 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poona Pune]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br>[[Southern Mahratta Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Poona''' is a city about 100km south-east of [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), which was formerly the largest garrison town in the Deccan for the [[British Army]]. It was a popular social retreat for residents of Bombay. In recent times it has been famous for being the birthplace of the British comedian Spike Milligan, and the ashram of the Orange People (followers of Sri Rajneesh).<br /> <br /> Pune is the west side of the Deccan plateau beneath the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range). It located where the Mula and Mutha rivers meet. Known then for its textiles and metal working, it is now the sixth largest city in India, with India's largest student population.<br /> <br /> Poona was an important junction where the metre gauge [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] met the broad gauge of the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]].<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> Poona grew under the Moguls from 1636 as a trade route. Its importance escalated after 1750 when it became the capital of the Marathá Empire, where the Peshwas had their palace.<br /> <br /> A battle for Poona in October 1802 between the Peshwa Bajirao II and the Holkars led to the 2nd Anglo-Maratha War.<br /> <br /> The British involvement in Poona began after the 1802 Treaty of Bassein - when Peshwā Bjī Rao allowed the English to station a small military force in the town.<br /> <br /> After the Peshwas were defeated at the [[Battle of Poona]] on 17/18 November 1817 (aka: Battle of Yeraoda) between the British and the Marathas near Poona in the [[3rd Maratha War]] the city was seized. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency. The British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (still used by the Indian Army). <br /> <br /> The railways opened up communication routes to Bombay which had been constrained by the terrain.<br /> <br /> The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Pune was at one time the "monsoon capital" of the [[Bombay Presidency]], and was the Headquarters of British District of the Central Division (District Officers and Commissioners). <br /> <br /> == Spelling Variants ==<br /> Modern name: Pune<br><br /> Variants: Poona<br><br /> [[Image:Western India Club Poona.jpg|300px|thumb|Western India Club, Poona]]<br /> <br /> ==English Quarters==<br /> *The Civil Lines <br /> *Stavely Road (from the old city, heading to the Poona Cantonment)<br /> *Poona Cantonment<br /> <br /> == Clubs==<br /> *Western India Club - English members<br /> *Deccan Club - mixed Indian and English members<br /> *Sanvarjanik Sabha and Deccan Sabah- Indian members<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> '''Further Education'''<br /> <br /> Poona Sanskrit College 1837 opened and offered a combined Sanskrit and medicine course (linked to Sansoon General Hospital) – under Superintendant: Captain Candy.<br /> <br /> Sanskrit and Vernacular College est 1851/52, formed from the amalgamation of Poona’s English and Venacular schools, later it became the Deccan Arts College 1857, with an affiliation to Bombay University 1860.<br /> <br /> The Engineering College was founded 1865 and was affiliated to Bombay University (its creation is contemporary with the construction of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway) Later (1880) it was known as the College for Science . It educated staff for the Public Works Department. Courses were offered in: Civil Engineering, Agriculture, Forestry, plus apprentice training.<br /> <br /> Political activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and local citizens founded The Deccan Education Society est 1884, and were responsible for founding Fergusson College, a law school, in 1885.<br /> <br /> '''Schools'''<br /> <br /> Supplementing native sanskrit schools, Government Schools opened in 1826 to teach vernacular, initially under control of Mr Jervis. Numbers increased to 3 Government Schools in Poona by 1847, and 23 by 1883 (many other existed in the greater Poona district). They comprised:<br /> <br /> *High School 1<br /> *Anglo-Vernacular 2<br /> *Vernacular 18<br /> *Teacher Training schools 2 (male est: 1857, female est: 1870)<br /> <br /> In addition there were 45 Private schools, including:<br /> <br /> *The Free Church Mission School for Girls est 1850 in the camp<br /> *The Convent High School for Girls est 1860<br /> *Bishops High School, est1864<br /> *The Pensioner's Middle Class School for boys and girls est 1864<br /> *Free Church Mission Institute est 1866<br /> *Poona Native Institution est 1866<br /> *St Vincent Roman Catholic High School est 1867 includes anglo-indian section,<br /> *St Mary’s Girls High School est 1867<br /> *St Anne’s Middle Class School for Girls est 1873<br /> *The Victoria Girls High School est 1876<br /> *The Free Church Mission School for Boys est 1876 in Aditvar Peth<br /> *The Conference Middle Class School est 1879<br /> *The Mission Orphanage and Christian Boys Middle Class School est 1879<br /> *The New English School est 1880<br /> *The Scottish Girls High School est 1882<br /> *The Zanana Mission Anglo-Vernacular School for Girls est 1882 in Sukravar Peth, Sadasiv Peth *Civil Lines and Kamathipura<br /> *The Mission Orphanage Panch Haud Vernacular School est 1882<br /> *The Free Church Mission for Girls Vernacular School est 1882 in Aditvar Peth<br /> *The Bene-Israel Girls Vernacular School in Rastya Peth est 1882<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> In addition to the Sansoon General Hospital, Roman Catholic Orphanage, Charitable Infirmary, St Margaret’s Hospital, St Johns Hospital, and Leper Hospital,there were 10 dispenseries in Poona.<br /> <br /> ==Churches==<br /> <br /> *St Mary’s Church est 1825 originally, mainly for the officers and soldiers of the British, along with their families located in the military cantonment<br /> *Christ Church opened by Scottish Missionaries 1831 <br /> *St.Patrick's Church est 1850<br /> *Church of the Immaculate Conception, est 1854<br /> *St.Xavier's Church est 1864<br /> *The St.Andrew's Church est 1864, was built to cater to the British Army personnel and their families belonging to the Church of Scotland<br /> *All Saints Church est 1869 (Birth, Death, Marriage and Baptism registers are all available since 1869) a military church at the Kirkee cantonment<br /> *Methodist Marathi Church est 1872.<br /> *The Church Of The Holy Name est 1885<br /> *Ghorpuri Garrison Church, est 1890, now known as St.John's Telugu Church<br /> *St Matthew's Tamil Curch est1893<br /> *Jewish Synagogue<br /> *United Free Church<br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> *Sangam (near the old Residency) <br /> *St Pauls Church<br /> *East Street<br /> *Kirkee close to the rifle butts<br /> *Sholapur Road<br /> *Kirkee Memorial for 1,800 servicemen who died in India during the First World War, who are buried in civil and cantonment cemeteries in India and Pakistan<br /> *Kirkee War Cemetery contains 1668 Commonwealth burials from the Second World War - many graves have been reinterred at Kirkee from other sites in western and central India <br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> European newspapers were the Deccan Herald, and Poona Observer.<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623677#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 18, Part 1, Poona] 1885<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623685#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 18, Part 2, Poona] 1885<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/gazetteer13pregoog Volume 18, Part 3, Poona] 1885<br /> Digital East Asia Library: The Imperial Gazetteer of India<br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ Poona] 1908<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/ourtroublesinpoo00crawuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Our Troubles in Poona and the Deccan] A Crawford 1897. A colourful account of local characters and their relationships with the English <br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Poona "Poona"] ''LoveToKnow 1911''<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poona "Pune"] ''Wikipedia''<br /> *[http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/495 ''Deccan Queen: A Spatial Analysis of Poona in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries''] by Wayne Thomas Mullen. Sydney University Digital Theses 26 March 2006. A thesis which is “structured around the analysis of a model that describes the Cantonment, the Civil Lines, the Sadr Bazar and part of the Native City of the Western Indian settlement of Poona in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries”<br /> *[http://www.punediary.com/html/churches.html "Churches"] ''punediary: churches''<br /> *[http://www.virtualpune.com/html/channel/status/christ/christ.shtml "Churches"] ''virtualpune: churches''<br /> *[http://www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=146500&mode=1 "Commonwealth War Graves in Poona"]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Poona&diff=27185 Poona 2010-06-20T05:11:01Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |image= St Patricks RC Church Poona.jpg<br /> |coordinates= [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=18.53,73.85&spn=0.1,0.1&q=18.53,73.85 18.520469°N, 73.85662°E]<br /> |altitude= 560 m (1,837 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poona Pune]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br>[[Southern Mahratta Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Poona''' is a city about 100km south-east of [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), which was formerly the largest garrison town in the Deccan for the [[British Army]]. It was a popular social retreat for residents of Bombay. In recent times it has been famous for being the birthplace of the British comedian Spike Milligan, and the ashram of the Orange People (followers of Sri Rajneesh).<br /> <br /> Pune is the west side of the Deccan plateau beneath the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range). It located where the Mula and Mutha rivers meet. Known then for its textiles and metal working, it is now the sixth largest city in India, with India's largest student population.<br /> <br /> Poona was an important junction where the metre gauge [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] met the broad gauge of the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]].<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> Poona grew under the Moguls from 1636 as a trade route. Its importance escalated after 1750 when it became the capital of the Marathá Empire, where the Peshwas had their palace.<br /> <br /> A battle for Poona in October 1802 between the Peshwa Bajirao II and the Holkars led to the 2nd Anglo-Maratha War.<br /> <br /> The British involvement in Poona began after the 1802 Treaty of Bassein - when Peshwā Bjī Rao allowed the English to station a small military force in the town.<br /> <br /> After the Peshwas were defeated at the [[Battle of Poona]] on 17/18 November 1817 (aka: Battle of Yeraoda) between the British and the Marathas near Poona in the [[3rd Maratha War]] the city was seized. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency. The British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (still used by the Indian Army). <br /> <br /> The railways opened up communication routes to Bombay which had been constrained by the terrain.<br /> <br /> The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Pune was at one time the "monsoon capital" of the [[Bombay Presidency]], and was the Headquarters of British District of the Central Division (District Officers and Commissioners). <br /> <br /> == Spelling Variants ==<br /> Modern name: Pune<br><br /> Variants: Poona<br><br /> [[Image:Western India Club Poona.jpg|300px|thumb|Western India Club, Poona]]<br /> <br /> ==English Quarters==<br /> *The Civil Lines <br /> *Stavely Road (from the old city, heading to the Poona Cantonment)<br /> *Poona Cantonment<br /> <br /> == Clubs==<br /> *Western India Club - English members<br /> *Deccan Club - mixed Indian and English members<br /> *Sanvarjanik Sabha and Deccan Sabah- Indian members<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> '''Further Education'''<br /> <br /> Poona Sanskrit College 1837 opened and offered a combined Sanskrit and medicine course (linked to Sansoon General Hospital) – under Superintendant: Captain Candy.<br /> <br /> Sanskrit and Vernacular College est 1851/52, formed from the amalgamation of Poona’s English and Venacular schools, later it became the Deccan Arts College 1857, with an affiliation to Bombay University 1860.<br /> <br /> The Engineering College was founded 1865 and was affiliated to Bombay University (its creation is contemporary with the construction of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway) Later (1880) it was known as the College for Science . It educated staff for the Public Works Department. Courses were offered in: Civil Engineering, Agriculture, Forestry, plus apprentice training.<br /> <br /> Political activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and local citizens founded The Deccan Education Society est 1884, and were responsible for founding Fergusson College, a law school, in 1885.<br /> <br /> '''Schools'''<br /> <br /> Supplementing native sanskrit schools, Government Schools opened in 1826 to teach vernacular, initially under control of Mr Jervis. Numbers increased to 3 Government Schools in Poona by 1847, and 23 by 1883 (many other existed in the greater Poona district). They comprised:<br /> <br /> *High School 1<br /> *Anglo-Vernacular 2<br /> *Vernacular 18<br /> *Teacher Training schools 2 (male est: 1857, female est: 1870)<br /> <br /> In addition there were 45 Private schools, including:<br /> <br /> *The Free Church Mission School for Girls est 1850 in the camp<br /> *The Convent High School for Girls est 1860<br /> *Bishops High School, est1864<br /> *The Pensioner's Middle Class School for boys and girls est 1864<br /> *Free Church Mission Institute est 1866<br /> *Poona Native Institution est 1866<br /> *St Vincent Roman Catholic High School est 1867 includes anglo-indian section,<br /> *St Mary’s Girls High School est 1867<br /> *St Anne’s Middle Class School for Girls est 1873<br /> *The Victoria Girls High School est 1876<br /> *The Free Church Mission School for Boys est 1876 in Aditvar Peth<br /> *The Conference Middle Class School est 1879<br /> *The Mission Orphanage and Christian Boys Middle Class School est 1879<br /> *The New English School est 1880<br /> *The Scottish Girls High School est 1882<br /> *The Zanana Mission Anglo-Vernacular School for Girls est 1882 in Sukravar Peth, Sadasiv Peth *Civil Lines and Kamathipura<br /> *The Mission Orphanage Panch Haud Vernacular School est 1882<br /> *The Free Church Mission for Girls Vernacular School est 1882 in Aditvar Peth<br /> *The Bene-Israel Girls Vernacular School in Rastya Peth est 1882<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> In addition to the Sansoon General Hospital, Roman Catholic Orphanage, Charitable Infirmary, St Margaret’s Hospital, St Johns Hospital, and Leper Hospital,there were 10 dispenseries in Poona.<br /> <br /> ==Churches==<br /> <br /> *St Mary’s Church est 1825 originally, mainly for the officers and soldiers of the British, along with their families located in the military cantonment<br /> *Christ Church opened by Scottish Missionaries 1831 <br /> *St.Patrick's Church est 1850<br /> *Church of the Immaculate Conception, est 1854<br /> *St.Xavier's Church est 1864<br /> *The St.Andrew's Church est 1864, was built to cater to the British Army personnel and their families belonging to the Church of Scotland<br /> *All Saints Church est 1869 (Birth, Death, Marriage and Baptism registers are all available since 1869) a military church at the Kirkee cantonment<br /> *Methodist Marathi Church est 1872.<br /> *The Church Of The Holy Name est 1885<br /> *Ghorpuri Garrison Church, est 1890, now known as St.John's Telugu Church<br /> *St Matthew's Tamil Curch est1893<br /> *Jewish Synagogue<br /> *United Free Church<br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> *Sangam (near the old Residency) <br /> *St Pauls Church<br /> *East Street<br /> *Kirkee close to the rifle butts<br /> *Sholapur Road<br /> *Kirkee Memorial for 1,800 servicemen who died in India during the First World War, who are buried in civil and cantonment cemeteries in India and Pakistan<br /> *Kirkee War Cemetery contains 1668 Commonwealth burials from the Second World War - many graves have been reinterred at Kirkee from other sites in western and central India <br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> European newspapers were the Deccan Herald, and Poona Observer.<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623677#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 18, Part 1, Poona] 1885<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623685#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 18, Part 2, Poona] 1885<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/gazetteer13pregoog Volume 18, Part 3, Poona] 1885<br /> Digital East Asia Library: The Imperial Gazetteer of India<br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ Poona] 1908<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/ourtroublesinpoo00crawuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Our Troubles in Poona and the Deccan] A Crawford<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Poona "Poona"] ''LoveToKnow 1911''<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poona "Pune"] ''Wikipedia''<br /> *[http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/495 ''Deccan Queen: A Spatial Analysis of Poona in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries''] by Wayne Thomas Mullen. Sydney University Digital Theses 26 March 2006. A thesis which is “structured around the analysis of a model that describes the Cantonment, the Civil Lines, the Sadr Bazar and part of the Native City of the Western Indian settlement of Poona in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries”<br /> *[http://www.punediary.com/html/churches.html "Churches"] ''punediary: churches''<br /> *[http://www.virtualpune.com/html/channel/status/christ/christ.shtml "Churches"] ''virtualpune: churches''<br /> *[http://www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=146500&mode=1 "Commonwealth War Graves in Poona"]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Poona&diff=27184 Poona 2010-06-20T05:08:56Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |image= St Patricks RC Church Poona.jpg<br /> |coordinates= [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=18.53,73.85&spn=0.1,0.1&q=18.53,73.85 18.520469°N, 73.85662°E]<br /> |altitude= 560 m (1,837 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poona Pune]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br>[[Southern Mahratta Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Poona''' is a city about 100km south-east of [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), which was formerly the largest garrison town in the Deccan for the [[British Army]]. It was a popular social retreat for residents of Bombay. In recent times it has been famous for being the birthplace of the British comedian Spike Milligan, and the ashram of the Orange People (followers of Sri Rajneesh).<br /> <br /> Pune is the west side of the Deccan plateau beneath the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range). It located where the Mula and Mutha rivers meet. Known then for its textiles and metal working, it is now the sixth largest city in India, with India's largest student population.<br /> <br /> Poona was an important junction where the metre gauge [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] met the broad gauge of the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]].<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> Poona grew under the Moguls from 1636 as a trade route. Its importance escalated after 1750 when it became the capital of the Marathá Empire, where the Peshwas had their palace.<br /> <br /> A battle for Poona in October 1802 between the Peshwa Bajirao II and the Holkars led to the 2nd Anglo-Maratha War.<br /> <br /> The British involvement in Poona began after the 1802 Treaty of Bassein - when Peshwā Bjī Rao allowed the English to station a small military force in the town.<br /> <br /> After the Peshwas were defeated at the [[Battle of Poona]] on 17/18 November 1817 (aka: Battle of Yeraoda) between the British and the Marathas near Poona in the [[3rd Maratha War]] the city was seized. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency. The British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (still used by the Indian Army). <br /> <br /> The railways opened up communication routes to Bombay which had been constrained by the terrain.<br /> <br /> The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Pune was at one time the "monsoon capital" of the [[Bombay Presidency]], and was the Headquarters of British District of the Central Division (District Officers and Commissioners). <br /> <br /> == Spelling Variants ==<br /> Modern name: Pune<br><br /> Variants: Poona<br><br /> [[Image:Western India Club Poona.jpg|300px|thumb|Western India Club, Poona]]<br /> <br /> ==English Quarters==<br /> *The Civil Lines- <br /> *Stavely Road (from the old city, heading to the Poona Cantonment)<br /> *Poona Cantonment<br /> <br /> == Clubs==<br /> *Western India Club - English members<br /> *Deccan Club - mixed Indian and English members<br /> *Sanvarjanik Sabha and Deccan Sabah- Indian members<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> '''Further Education'''<br /> <br /> Poona Sanskrit College 1837 opened and offered a combined Sanskrit and medicine course (linked to Sansoon General Hospital) – under Superintendant: Captain Candy.<br /> <br /> Sanskrit and Vernacular College est 1851/52, formed from the amalgamation of Poona’s English and Venacular schools, later it became the Deccan Arts College 1857, with an affiliation to Bombay University 1860.<br /> <br /> The Engineering College was founded 1865 and was affiliated to Bombay University (its creation is contemporary with the construction of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway) Later (1880) it was known as the College for Science . It educated staff for the Public Works Department. Courses were offered in: Civil Engineering, Agriculture, Forestry, plus apprentice training.<br /> <br /> Political activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and local citizens founded The Deccan Education Society est 1884, and were responsible for founding Fergusson College, a law school, in 1885.<br /> <br /> '''Schools'''<br /> <br /> Supplementing native sanskrit schools, Government Schools opened in 1826 to teach vernacular, initially under control of Mr Jervis. Numbers increased to 3 Government Schools in Poona by 1847, and 23 by 1883 (many other existed in the greater Poona district). They comprised:<br /> <br /> *High School 1<br /> *Anglo-Vernacular 2<br /> *Vernacular 18<br /> *Teacher Training schools 2 (male est: 1857, female est: 1870)<br /> <br /> In addition there were 45 Private schools, including:<br /> <br /> *The Free Church Mission School for Girls est 1850 in the camp<br /> *The Convent High School for Girls est 1860<br /> *Bishops High School, est1864<br /> *The Pensioner's Middle Class School for boys and girls est 1864<br /> *Free Church Mission Institute est 1866<br /> *Poona Native Institution est 1866<br /> *St Vincent Roman Catholic High School est 1867 includes anglo-indian section,<br /> *St Mary’s Girls High School est 1867<br /> *St Anne’s Middle Class School for Girls est 1873<br /> *The Victoria Girls High School est 1876<br /> *The Free Church Mission School for Boys est 1876 in Aditvar Peth<br /> *The Conference Middle Class School est 1879<br /> *The Mission Orphanage and Christian Boys Middle Class School est 1879<br /> *The New English School est 1880<br /> *The Scottish Girls High School est 1882<br /> *The Zanana Mission Anglo-Vernacular School for Girls est 1882 in Sukravar Peth, Sadasiv Peth *Civil Lines and Kamathipura<br /> *The Mission Orphanage Panch Haud Vernacular School est 1882<br /> *The Free Church Mission for Girls Vernacular School est 1882 in Aditvar Peth<br /> *The Bene-Israel Girls Vernacular School in Rastya Peth est 1882<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Hospitals==<br /> In addition to the Sansoon General Hospital, Roman Catholic Orphanage, Charitable Infirmary, St Margaret’s Hospital, St Johns Hospital, and Leper Hospital,there were 10 dispenseries in Poona.<br /> <br /> ==Churches==<br /> <br /> *St Mary’s Church est 1825 originally, mainly for the officers and soldiers of the British, along with their families located in the military cantonment<br /> *Christ Church opened by Scottish Missionaries 1831 <br /> *St.Patrick's Church est 1850<br /> *Church of the Immaculate Conception, est 1854<br /> *St.Xavier's Church est 1864<br /> *The St.Andrew's Church est 1864, was built to cater to the British Army personnel and their families belonging to the Church of Scotland<br /> *All Saints Church est 1869 (Birth, Death, Marriage and Baptism registers are all available since 1869) a military church at the Kirkee cantonment<br /> *Methodist Marathi Church est 1872.<br /> *The Church Of The Holy Name est 1885<br /> *Ghorpuri Garrison Church, est 1890, now known as St.John's Telugu Church<br /> *St Matthew's Tamil Curch est1893<br /> *Jewish Synagogue<br /> *United Free Church<br /> <br /> ==Cemeteries==<br /> *Sangam (near the old Residency) <br /> *St Pauls Church<br /> *East Street<br /> *Kirkee close to the rifle butts<br /> *Sholapur Road<br /> *Kirkee Memorial for 1,800 servicemen who died in India during the First World War, who are buried in civil and cantonment cemeteries in India and Pakistan<br /> *Kirkee War Cemetery contains 1668 Commonwealth burials from the Second World War - many graves have been reinterred at Kirkee from other sites in western and central India <br /> <br /> ==Newspapers==<br /> European newspapers were the Deccan Herald, and Poona Observer.<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> ===Historical Books Online===<br /> Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency Archive.org<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623677#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 18, Part 1, Poona] 1885<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623685#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 18, Part 2, Poona] 1885<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/gazetteer13pregoog Volume 18, Part 3, Poona] 1885<br /> Digital East Asia Library: The Imperial Gazetteer of India<br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ Poona] 1908<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/ourtroublesinpoo00crawuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Our Troubles in Poona and the Deccan]<br /> <br /> ===Other===<br /> *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Poona "Poona"] ''LoveToKnow 1911''<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poona "Pune"] ''Wikipedia''<br /> *[http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/495 ''Deccan Queen: A Spatial Analysis of Poona in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries''] by Wayne Thomas Mullen. Sydney University Digital Theses 26 March 2006. A thesis which is “structured around the analysis of a model that describes the Cantonment, the Civil Lines, the Sadr Bazar and part of the Native City of the Western Indian settlement of Poona in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries”<br /> *[http://www.punediary.com/html/churches.html "Churches"] ''punediary: churches''<br /> *[http://www.virtualpune.com/html/channel/status/christ/christ.shtml "Churches"] ''virtualpune: churches''<br /> *[http://www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=146500&mode=1 "Commonwealth War Graves in Poona"]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Locations]]<br /> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway&diff=27158 Great Indian Peninsula Railway 2010-06-19T05:31:33Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Line Railways Infobox<br /> |image= GIPR Bombay-Poona Mail.jpg<br /> |caption= ''The Bombay-Poona Mail in full flight about 1910''<br /> |route= [[Bombay]] to [[Raichur]] (SE Division}<br>[[Bombay]] to [[Jubbulpore]] (NE Division))<br>[[Bhusawal]] to [[Delhi]]<br>[[Bhusawal]] to [[Nagpur]]<br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 1562 miles (1905)<br /> |gauge2= <br /> |gauge2details= <br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details=<br /> |timeline1date= 1845<br /> |timeline1details= Company formed<br /> |timeline2date= 1853<br /> |timeline2details= First section of line open to traffic<br /> |timeline3date= 1871<br /> |timeline3details= Through trains to [[Calcutta]] ''via'' [[Jubbulpore]]<br /> |timeline4date= <br /> |timeline4details= [[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]] absorbed<br /> |timeline5date= 1900<br /> |timeline5details= Line acquired by State<br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |stations= [[Kalyan]], [[Poona]], [[Hotgi]], [[Wadi]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Chanda]], [[Khandwa]], [[Itarsi]], [[Narsinghpur]]<br /> |system1date=<br /> |system1details= Worked by Great Indian Peninsula Railway<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |auxillary forces=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{System_Railways_Infobox<br /> |image= Great Indian Peninsula Railway.jpg<br /> |caption= ''Great Indian Peninsula Railway device''<br /> |timeline1date= 1900<br /> |timeline1details= Company re-formed to work State line<br /> |timeline2date= <br /> |timeline2details=<br /> |timeline3date= <br /> |timeline3details=<br /> |timeline4date= 1925<br /> |timeline4details= Government takes over working of system<br /> |timeline5date= <br /> |timeline5details= <br /> |company1=<br /> |company1details= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br /> |company2=<br /> |company2details= [[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]<br /> |company3=<br /> |company3details= [[Bhopal-Itarsi Railway]]<br /> |company4=<br /> |company4details= [[Bhopal-Ujjain Railway]]<br /> |company5=<br /> |company5details= [[Bina-Goona-Baran Railway]]<br /> |company6=<br /> |company6details= [[Gwalior Light Railway]]<br /> |company7= 1900<br /> |company7details= [[Indian Midland Railway]]<br /> |company8=<br /> |company8details= <br /> |company9=<br /> |company9details= <br /> |company10=<br /> |company10details= <br /> |company11=<br /> |company11details= <br /> |company12=<br /> |company12details= <br /> |headquarters= [[Bombay]]<br /> |workshop= [[Parel]]<br /> |stations= [[Agra]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Amraoti]], [[Banda]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bhusawal]], [[Cawnpore]], [[Chanda]], [[Delhi]], [[Dholpur]], [[Gwalior]], [[Hotgi]], [[Itarsi]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Khandwa]], [[Muttra]], [[Nagpur]], [[Narsinghpue]], [[Poona]], [[Raichur]], [[Saugor]], [[Wadi]]<br /> |system1date= 1951<br /> |system1details= [[Central Railway]] (IR zone)<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 2988 miles (1905)<br>3363 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge2= 2' 0" NG<br /> |gauge2details= 183 miles (1905)<br>202 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details= <br /> |auxillary forces= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Like most of the early railways in India, the '''Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' (GIPR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under licence and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the [[East India Company]] (EIC).<br /> <br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> Formed in 1845, it was not until 1849 (at the urging of the then Governor, Lord Dalhousie) that the EIC sanctioned the GIPR to construct an experimental line, built to the broad gauge of 5' 6", eastward from Bombay. The first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851, but the first passenger train in India did not run until 16 April 1853, when a train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: ''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''. The 21 mile journey took an hour and fifteen minutes over the first section of the GIPR to be opened.<br /> <br /> By 1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - viz. from Bombay, ''via'' Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore - 870 miles; and from Callian, ''via'' Poonah and Sholapore, to the opposite side of the river Kristna, to meet the line, ''via'' Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000''l''l. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000''l''. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000''l''. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made."<ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref><br /> <br /> [[Image:India-rail-1870.jpg|left|thumb|Map of GIPR in 1870]]<br /> <br /> <br /> When, in 1871, the GIPR eventually reached [[Jubbulpore]] and linked to the [[East Indian Railway]] (EIR), it completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.<br /> <br /> Bombay's Victoria Terminus was both the principal station and GIPR's HQ; designed by [[architect]] Frederick William Stevens, it opened on Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee. <br /> On 30 June 1900, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.<br /> <br /> On 1 July 1925, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPR. <br /> <br /> In 1951, the GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].<br /> <br /> The principal economic benefit of the GIPR: cotton from the Deccan was exported from Bombay to Manchester to fill the trade gap created by the American Civil War.<br /> <br /> '''Design and construction: Bhore Ghat Incline - between Bombay and Poona'''<br /> <br /> [[Civil Engineers]] included:<br /> <br /> GIPR Chief Engineer 1849 - 1862: Mr. James James Berkley (surveyor and route designer).<br /> <br /> Consultant engineer 1847 - 1867: Mr Arthur Anderson West (surveyor of the Bhore Gate Incline)<ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/imotp.1913.17480.pdf Obituary of Arthur Anderson West] p363</ref><br /> <br /> GIPR Engineers: Messrs. Adamson and Clowser, subsequently replaced by Messrs. West and Tate in Nov 1859.<br /> <br /> '''Construction Contractors'''<br /> <br /> Autumn 1855 Mr William Frederick Faviell , work begun at Bhore Ghat on the 24th January 1856. In March 1859, Mr. Faviell gave up his contract; and, for a short time, GIPR's engineers Messrs. Swainson Adamson and George Louis Clowser, carried on the works. <br /> <br /> The GIPR construction contract was relet in November 1859 to Mr. Solomon Tredwell, but he died within fifteen days of landing in India. Mrs. Alice Tredwell assumed the contract and appointed Messrs. Adamson and Clowser to manage the contract for her, in her absence - as Mrs. Tredwell returned to England. This arrangement was to last seven years. <br /> <br /> “These gentlemen (Adamson and Clowser) carried on the work with the greatest zeal and ability.” Labour management could limit construction progress, but “by their good and liberal management (Adamson and Clowser) collected and kept on the work a force of 25,000 men during two seasons, and in 1861 of more than 42,000 men.”<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Thane-I/trade_roads.html#5 Railways] Thana District Gazetteer</ref><br /> <br /> Incline length: 15 miles, tunnels: 26 (totalling 2.25 miles in length),and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.<br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> <br /> The following are held in the [[India Office Records]] at the [[British Library]].<br /> <br /> *'''L/AG/46/12/86''' : GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)<br /> *'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)<br /> *'''Z/L/AG/46''' : Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-1925)<br /> *'''Mss Eur D1184/14''' : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov 1861 British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> <references /><br /> <br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://www.allen-family-tree.co.uk/solomon-tredwell.html Solomon and Alice Tredwell, contractors for Bhore Ghat] ''Instone Family Tree''.<br /> <br /> *[http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?txtkeys1=Great+Indian+Peninsula+Railway GIPR picture gallery] ''Science & Society Picture Library''.<br /> <br /> *[http://the-railway-image.fotopic.net/c600548.html GIPR picture gallery] ''David Flitcroft's Photographs''.<br /> <br /> *[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-in-india "Guaranteed Railways in India"] ''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)<br /> <br /> *[http://www.centralrailwayonline.com/aboutus.jsp History (of Central Railway)] ''Central Railway (Indian Railways)''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus Victoria Terminus, (GIPR HQ & station[Bombay])] Wikipedia (now known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus)<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway incline: ] By James John Berkley: GIPR Chief Engineer, Bombay, 1860.<br /> <br /> {{Railwaymap <br /> |railway= the North East Division<br /> |link= http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=108089533651928306068.0004776aacede4ad4baa7<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Railways]]<br /> [[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]<br /> [[Category:State Railways]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway&diff=27157 Great Indian Peninsula Railway 2010-06-19T05:26:47Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Line Railways Infobox<br /> |image= GIPR Bombay-Poona Mail.jpg<br /> |caption= ''The Bombay-Poona Mail in full flight about 1910''<br /> |route= [[Bombay]] to [[Raichur]] (SE Division}<br>[[Bombay]] to [[Jubbulpore]] (NE Division))<br>[[Bhusawal]] to [[Delhi]]<br>[[Bhusawal]] to [[Nagpur]]<br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 1562 miles (1905)<br /> |gauge2= <br /> |gauge2details= <br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details=<br /> |timeline1date= 1845<br /> |timeline1details= Company formed<br /> |timeline2date= 1853<br /> |timeline2details= First section of line open to traffic<br /> |timeline3date= 1871<br /> |timeline3details= Through trains to [[Calcutta]] ''via'' [[Jubbulpore]]<br /> |timeline4date= <br /> |timeline4details= [[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]] absorbed<br /> |timeline5date= 1900<br /> |timeline5details= Line acquired by State<br /> |presidency= [[Bombay]]<br /> |stations= [[Kalyan]], [[Poona]], [[Hotgi]], [[Wadi]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Chanda]], [[Khandwa]], [[Itarsi]], [[Narsinghpur]]<br /> |system1date=<br /> |system1details= Worked by Great Indian Peninsula Railway<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |auxillary forces=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{System_Railways_Infobox<br /> |image= Great Indian Peninsula Railway.jpg<br /> |caption= ''Great Indian Peninsula Railway device''<br /> |timeline1date= 1900<br /> |timeline1details= Company re-formed to work State line<br /> |timeline2date= <br /> |timeline2details=<br /> |timeline3date= <br /> |timeline3details=<br /> |timeline4date= 1925<br /> |timeline4details= Government takes over working of system<br /> |timeline5date= <br /> |timeline5details= <br /> |company1=<br /> |company1details= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br /> |company2=<br /> |company2details= [[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]<br /> |company3=<br /> |company3details= [[Bhopal-Itarsi Railway]]<br /> |company4=<br /> |company4details= [[Bhopal-Ujjain Railway]]<br /> |company5=<br /> |company5details= [[Bina-Goona-Baran Railway]]<br /> |company6=<br /> |company6details= [[Gwalior Light Railway]]<br /> |company7= 1900<br /> |company7details= [[Indian Midland Railway]]<br /> |company8=<br /> |company8details= <br /> |company9=<br /> |company9details= <br /> |company10=<br /> |company10details= <br /> |company11=<br /> |company11details= <br /> |company12=<br /> |company12details= <br /> |headquarters= [[Bombay]]<br /> |workshop= [[Parel]]<br /> |stations= [[Agra]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Amraoti]], [[Banda]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bhusawal]], [[Cawnpore]], [[Chanda]], [[Delhi]], [[Dholpur]], [[Gwalior]], [[Hotgi]], [[Itarsi]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Khandwa]], [[Muttra]], [[Nagpur]], [[Narsinghpue]], [[Poona]], [[Raichur]], [[Saugor]], [[Wadi]]<br /> |system1date= 1951<br /> |system1details= [[Central Railway]] (IR zone)<br /> |system2date=<br /> |system2details= <br /> |system3date=<br /> |system3details= <br /> |gauge1= Broad gauge<br /> |gauge1details= 2988 miles (1905)<br>3363 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge2= 2' 0" NG<br /> |gauge2details= 183 miles (1905)<br>202 miles (1943)<br /> |gauge3= <br /> |gauge3details= <br /> |gauge4= <br /> |gauge4details= <br /> |auxillary forces= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Like most of the early railways in India, the '''Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' (GIPR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under licence and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the [[East India Company]] (EIC).<br /> <br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> Formed in 1845, it was not until 1849 (at the urging of the then Governor, Lord Dalhousie) that the EIC sanctioned the GIPR to construct an experimental line, built to the broad gauge of 5' 6", eastward from Bombay. The first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851, but the first passenger train in India did not run until 16 April 1853, when a train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: ''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''. The 21 mile journey took an hour and fifteen minutes over the first section of the GIPR to be opened.<br /> <br /> By 1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - viz. from Bombay, ''via'' Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore - 870 miles; and from Callian, ''via'' Poonah and Sholapore, to the opposite side of the river Kristna, to meet the line, ''via'' Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000''l''l. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000''l''. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000''l''. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made."<ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref><br /> <br /> [[Image:India-rail-1870.jpg|left|thumb|Map of GIPR in 1870]]<br /> <br /> <br /> When, in 1871, the GIPR eventually reached [[Jubbulpore]] and linked to the [[East Indian Railway]] (EIR), it completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.<br /> <br /> Bombay's Victoria Terminus was both the principal station and GIPR's HQ; designed by [[architect]] Frederick William Stevens, it opened on Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee. <br /> On 30 June 1900, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.<br /> <br /> On 1 July 1925, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPR. <br /> <br /> In 1951, the GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].<br /> <br /> The principal economic benefit of the GIPR: cotton from the Deccan was exported from Bombay to Manchester to fill the trade gap created by the American Civil War.<br /> <br /> '''Design and construction: Bhore Ghat Incline - between Bombay and Poona'''<br /> <br /> [[Civil Engineers]] included:<br /> <br /> GIPR Chief Engineer 1849 - 1862: Mr. James James Berkley (surveyor and route designer).<br /> <br /> Consultant engineer 1847 - 1867: Mr Arthur Anderson West (surveyor of the Bhore Gate Incline)<ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/imotp.1913.17480.pdf Obituary of Arthur Anderson West] p363</ref><br /> <br /> GIPR Engineers: Messrs. Adamson and Clowser, subsequently replaced by Messrs. West and Tate in Nov 1859.<br /> <br /> '''Construction Contractors'''<br /> <br /> Autumn 1855 Mr William Frederick Faviell , work begun at Bhore Ghat on the 24th January 1856. In March 1859, Mr. Faviell gave up his contract; and, for a short time, GIPR's engineers Messrs. Swainson Adamson and George Louis Clowser, carried on the works. <br /> <br /> The GIPR construction contract was relet in November 1859 to Mr. Solomon Tredwell, but he died within fifteen days of landing in India. Mrs. Alice Tredwell assumed the contract and appointed Messrs. Adamson and Clowser to manage the contract for her, in her absence - as Mrs. Tredwell returned to England. This arrangement was to last seven years. <br /> <br /> “These gentlemen (Adamson and Clowser) carried on the work with the greatest zeal and ability.” Labour management could limit construction progress, but “by their good and liberal management (Adamson and Clowser) collected and kept on the work a force of 25,000 men during two seasons, and in 1861 of more than 42,000 men.”<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Thane-I/trade_roads.html#5 Railways] Thana District Gazetteer</ref><br /> <br /> Incline length: 15 miles, tunnels: 26 (totalling 2.25 miles in length),and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.<br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> <br /> The following are held in the [[India Office Records]] at the [[British Library]].<br /> <br /> *'''L/AG/46/12/86''' : GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)<br /> *'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)<br /> *'''Z/L/AG/46''' : Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-1925)<br /> *'''Mss Eur D1184/14''' : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov 1861 British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> <references /><br /> <br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *[http://www.allen-family-tree.co.uk/solomon-tredwell.html Solomon and Alice Tredwell, contractors for Bhore Ghat] ''Instone Family Tree''.<br /> <br /> *[http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?txtkeys1=Great+Indian+Peninsula+Railway GIPR picture gallery] ''Science & Society Picture Library''.<br /> <br /> *[http://the-railway-image.fotopic.net/c600548.html GIPR picture gallery] ''David Flitcroft's Photographs''.<br /> <br /> *[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-in-india "Guaranteed Railways in India"] ''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)<br /> <br /> *[http://www.centralrailwayonline.com/aboutus.jsp History (of Central Railway)] ''Central Railway (Indian Railways)''.<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus Victoria Terminus, (GIPR HQ & station[Bombay])] Wikipedia (now known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus)<br /> *[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA7&dq=clowser+india&hl=en&ei=TVEcTPrZG57hnQf9lfGLDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAzgy#v=onepage&q=clowser%20india&f=false Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway incline: ] By James John Berkley: GIPR Chief Engineer, Bombay, 1860.<br /> <br /> {{Railwaymap <br /> |railway= the North East Division<br /> |link= http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=108089533651928306068.0004776aacede4ad4baa7<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Railways]]<br /> [[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]<br /> [[Category:State Railways]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Roorkee&diff=27131 Roorkee 2010-06-17T20:10:51Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency= [[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal]]<br /> |image= The Bazar Roorkee.jpg<br /> |coordinates=<br /> |altitude= 268 m (879 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roorkee Roorkee]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhand Uttarakhand]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Home of Thomason College for Military Engineers studying to join the [[Public Works Department]] and Headquarters for the Bengal Sappers and Royal Engineers in [[Bengal]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://1cha.co.uk/2.html William Holmes], later Lt. Col. John David William Holmes MC, born 1877, in his [http://1cha.co.uk/9.html Autobiography] , Chapter 2 (from The Progonion) describes a year studying at the Civil and Military Engineering College at Roorkee c 1897 ( scroll about a third of the way down the page)<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/indiaindianengin00medlrich#page/40/mode/2up India and Indian Engineering] by Major J G Medley 1873 ex Principal of Thomason College, Roorkee. Good overview of the training, life and work of engineers in India<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]</div>

Nick Adams https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Roorkee&diff=27130 Roorkee 2010-06-17T20:09:29Z

<p>Nick Adams: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Locations_Infobox<br /> |presidency= [[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal]]<br /> |image= The Bazar Roorkee.jpg<br /> |coordinates=<br /> |altitude= 268 m (879 ft)<br /> |presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roorkee Roorkee]<br /> |stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhand Uttarakhand]<br /> |country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]<br /> |transport=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Home of Thomason College for Military Engineers studying to join the [[Public Works Department]] and Headquarters for the Bengal Sappers and Royal Engineers in [[Bengal]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://1cha.co.uk/2.html William Holmes], later Lt. Col. John David William Holmes MC, born 1877, in his [http://1cha.co.uk/9.html Autobiography] , Chapter 2 (from The Progonion) describes a year studying at the Civil and Military Engineering College at Roorkee c 1897 ( scroll about a third of the way down the page)<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/stream/indiaindianengin00medlrich#page/38/mode/2up India and Indian Engineering] by Major J G Medley 1873 ex Principal of Thomason College, Roorkee. Good overview of the training, life and work of engineers in India<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]<br /> [[Category:Locations]]</div>

Nick Adams