FIBIwiki - User contributions [en]

William French

2021-06-19T14:21:04Z

PEA-2292: Revision with info from Gloria Jeffs

'''William French''' (1839-1913)

b. 4 Jan 1839 at St Botolph without Aldgate, Middlesex, England.
 d. 20 Jan 1913 in Jubbulpore, Bengal, India

==Railway Employment in India==
* c. 1870, assumed recruited by ‘[[East Indian Railway]]’(EIR) in London for posting to India
*1873, [[Buxar]], Bengal India, ‘Driver EIR’ on marriage to first wife, Catherine Eliza Coombs.
<blockquote>[[Buxar]] is a station on the EIR Mainline ‘Banikpore - Mogul Sarai Section’ shown on the map [[East_Indian_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#Howrah-Delhi_EIR_Main_Line| ‘Howrah-Delhi EIR Main Line’]], this section of line opened in 1865. At that time there were many coaling and watering stations as the locomotives were not very efficient and required frequent refuelling stops.
 [[Buxar]] is mentioned in the Imperial Gazetteer as ‘411 miles from Calcutta and a considerable centre for trade’ <ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_254.gif Imperial Gazetteer vol.9, page 248]; Retrieved 17 June 2021</ref>, being close to the Ganges and could well be a EIR staging post at that time where drivers might be exchanged on the long haul from [[Howrah]] (Calcutta) to [[Delhi]] </blockquote>
*1874-75, [[Buxar]], birth of two children
*1877-82, [[Allahabad]], birth of four further children.
<blockquote>The Imperial Gazetteer states that ‘its position on the main line of the East Indian Railway gives direct access to Calcutta with a branch towards Bombay’
<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_249.gif Imperial Gazetteer vol.5, page 241]; Retrieved 17 June 2021</ref></blockquote>
*1884, [[Buxar]], birth of one child
*1886, [[Allahabad]], birth of last child, ‘Driver EIR’
*1891, death of Catherine French, Sabarmati , Bombay. In her Will, her estate is left to her husband William French of Tundla in the North Western provinces of India.
*1894 March, [[Agra]], second marriage to Jane Evelyn Stacey, ‘Driver EIR’ <ref>N-1-236 Folio 60</ref>
*1894, [[Tundla]], birth of their first child - George Leslie French (Grandfather to the provider of this biography)
<blockquote> The Imperial Gazetteer states that ‘it is a junction for Agra on the main line of the East Indian Railway, and is an important railway centre’ <ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_066.gif Imperial Gazetteer vol.24, page 60]; Retrieved 17 June 2021</ref></blockquote>
*1896, [[Berar]],<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_400.gif Imperial Gazetteer vol.7, page 394]; Retrieved 17 June 2021</ref>, birth of their second child
*1897-1900, [[Jubbulpore]], birth of their third and forth children, ‘Driver EIR’
<blockquote>The [[East_Indian_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#Branches_of_the_.E2.80.98EIR_Main_Line.E2.80.99|’Jubbulpore Branch Line’]] had opened in 1867, connecting [[Jubbulpore]] to Naini Junction (just south of [[Allahabad]]). Jubbulpore was a terminus station of the EIR where it directly connected to the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]](GIPR). So again would have been a location where Locomotives with their Drivers would change. By this time rolling stock (carriages and wagons) would transfer by agreement between the EIR and the GIPR</blockquote>
*1913, [[Jubbulpore]], death of William French

== References ==
Information provided by Ms. Gloria Jeffs , Fibis Member - William French being her Great-Grandfather.
<references />

[[Category:Railway People|French, William]]
[[Category:People| French, William]]

Berar

2021-06-19T14:18:24Z

PEA-2292: Created page with "{{Locations}} The Imperial Gazetteer <ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_400.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 7, p. 394..."

{{Locations}}

The Imperial Gazetteer
<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_400.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 7, p. 394. ]; Retrieved 17 June 2021</ref> states :-
<blockquote>'Behar is traversed from east to west by the Nagpur Branch of the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]](GIPR), the length of the line in the province being 152 miles. From this main line two small state railways branch off, one from Jamam to Khamgaon (8 miles) and the other from Baderna (6 miles). The Khamgaon and Amraoti State Railways are worked by the GIPR‘ </blockquote>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Locations]]

William French

2021-06-17T15:35:56Z

PEA-2292: New page created

Cawnpore-Banda Railway

2021-04-05T10:14:14Z

PEA-2292: 'Stations' and internal link added

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|route= [[Cawnpore|Cawnpore (Juhi/Govindpur Junction)]]

to Khairar Junction (Khirada)
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 73 miles (1914)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1913 Apr
|timeline1details= Juhi to Hamirpur Road section opened
|timeline2date= 1914 Jul
|timeline2details= Hamirpur Road to Khirada opened
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|presidency= [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]
|stations= '''[[Cawnpore]] '''
''See also separate page'' [[Cawnpore Railways and Stations| ''' Cawnpore Stations''']] ''for details''
|system1date= 1913
|system1details= Worked by [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]]
|system2date= 1915 Apr
|system2details= Worked by [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]
|system3date=
|system3details=
}}

[[File: Cawnpore-Banda Railway.png|thumb| Cawnpore-Banda Railway]]

The '''Cawnpore-Banda Railway''' was a broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line. The line from [[Cawnpore|Cawnpore (Juhi / Govindpur Junction)]] opened in 1913 and reached Khairar Junction (Khirada) in 1914, a distance of 73 miles(116km). Khairir Junction is where the line joined the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]](GIPR) 5 miles(8km) from [[Banda]].

The Cawnpore-Banda Railway was constructed and worked as a State line by the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]](O&RR) up to the 31 March 1915. Thereafter the maintenance, management and working of the line was taken over by [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]](GIPR)
<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n85/mode/1up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 76]; Retrieved 10 Nov 2018</ref>.

==Records==
Refer to FIBIS Fact File #4: “Research sources for Indian Railways, 1845-1947” - available from the [http://www.fibis.org/store/fibis-books-and-publications/bff-0004-research-sources-for-indian-railways-1845-1947/ Fibis shop]. This Fact File contains invaluable advice on 'Researching ancestors in the UK records of Indian Railways' with particular reference to the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) held at the [[British Library]]

An on-line search of the IOR records relating to this railway
<ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 22 Jan 2016</ref>
gives the following: -
*'''L/F/8/17/1353 ''' “Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company, Contract for working the Cawnpore-Banda Railway”

This railway was worked by a State Railway and the following IOR records relating to Staff employment are held :-
*'''L/F/8/1-20''' "Appointments to State Railways made in the UK; 1855-1946"
*'''Z/L/F/8/1-2''' "Index to Appointments to State Railways made in the UK; 1855-1946"

==Further Information==
See '''[[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]]''' up to 1915, then '''[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]'''

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Herbert Septimus Harington

2021-04-02T14:44:57Z

PEA-2292: Referencing error corrected

'''Herbert Septimus Harington'''
 b.20 Apr 1855 Ferozepore, Punjab; d.11 Nov 1913,buried Kanlog Cemetery, Shimla(Simla), as recorded in FIBIS Journal No 40, page 29. Autumn 2018 <ref>FIBIS Journal No 40, page 29. Autumn 2018 </ref>
 Trained at [[Royal Indian Engineering College]], Cooper’s Hill, Surrey England
*[[Public Works Department]]; 1885, Assistant Engineer <ref name=name>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA514 Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 514 (pdf page 477)] Retrieved on 19 May 2016</ref>.

==Railway Achievements in India==
*[[:Category:State Railways|State Railways]]; 1887, Assistant Engineer <ref name=name/>.
*Promoted to Executive Engineer; 1885 <ref name=name/>.
*[[North Western Railway]]; 1890, Executive Engineer <ref name=icl> India Civil List 1890, page 41</ref>
*[[Mari-Attock Railway]]; 1893, Engineer-in-Chief; 1898 Superintending Engineer; 1904 Chief Engineer <ref name=name/>.
* [[Kalka-Simla Railway]] and [[Delhi-Umballa-Kalka Railway]], Chief Engineer <ref name=Grace>[https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Herbert_Septimus_Harington ‘Grace’s Guide/Inst of Mechanical Engineers Obituary 1914’ “'Herbert Septimus Harington” ] Retrieved on 21 Nov 2018</ref>.
* 1906 he attained the rank of Chief Engineer, first class.
*Reporting on [[Ceylon_Government_Railway#Narrow_Gauge_2_feet_6_Inches_.28NG.29| light railways in Ceylon ]] <ref name=Grace/>.
*[[Kashmir Railway| Kashmir Railway Survey]], acting as Engineer-in-Chief<ref name=Grace/> . The date is not specified but the railway was opened in 1890 <ref name=Grace/>.
*1908 appointed Director of Railway Construction, subsequently Chief Engineer under the Railway Board 1890 <ref name=Grace/>.
*1910 retirement
*1913 died whilst supervising the construction of a light railway system for the State of Patiala <ref name=Grace/>. This must refer to the [[Patiala State Monorail Trainways]].

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railway People|Harington, Herbert Septimus]]
[[Category:People|Harington, Herbert Septimus]]

Category:Railways

2021-04-01T10:33:31Z

PEA-2292:

==Railways Index, 1845-1947==
See also Fibis pages:-
*[[Railways|for details of '''Indian Railways''']]
*[[Maps#Railway_Maps|for listing of '''Railway Maps''']]
*[[Category:Railway_images|for '''Railway images, photographs''' etc.]]
*[[Railway_images|for '''Railway images, photographs''' etc.]]

At present (Spring/Summer 2021) we are working on further updates to this list by adding new information and references from many different sources. The aim is to make as much information as possible available on all aspects of the railways in India from the first beginnings in the 1840's through to partition in 1947.

We have extended the number of Railways identified and now include Tramways, Monorails, Industrial lines, Rail/River ferries, Railway Constructions and Railway Equipment Manufacturers. The current number of pages is over 1,750 and this will be further extended. The results of an 'on-line' search of the Indian Office Records (IOR) held at the British Library have been added to each appropriate Railway page and these have provided many new sources of information that are currently being reviewed. We are also uploading detailed information on the hundreds of Industrial Railways in India up to 1947.

We have also created a [[:Category:Railway People|Railway People]] section where that person made a significant contribution to the early development and operation of the railways in India, we have cross referenced these to the appropriate Railway page.

FIBIS Fact File #4: Research sources for Indian Railways, 1845-1947, is a comprehensive listing of over 330 names and this will, in due course, be revised. It does contain invaluable advice on tracing 'Researching ancestors in the UK records of Indian Railways' with particular reference to the Indian Office Records (IOR) held at the British Library. This Fact File is available from the [http://www.fibis.org/store/fibis-books-and-publications/bff-0004-research-sources-for-indian-railways-1845-1947/ Fibis shop]

If you have a specific query regarding Railways (or can contribute with new information) please e-mail the Fibis Membership Secretary membership@fibis.org asking your question to be forwarded to Michael Pearce PEA-2292 who is co-ordinating this project.

[[Category:Top level]]

Lucknow

2021-03-19T08:21:53Z

PEA-2292: Infobox Transport Link info added

{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency= [[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal]]
|image=Asfi Mosque.JPG
|coordinates= [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=26.8128,80.9013&spn=0.1,0.1&q=26.8128,80.9013 26.812800°N, 80.901300°E]
|altitude= 123 m (404 ft)
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow Lucknow]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh Uttar Pradesh]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= ‘[[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway ]]’(O&RR) [[Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#GIPR_Midland_Branches|‘Great Indian Peninsula Rly’(GIPR]] ‘[[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]]’ (R&KR) [[Cawnpore-Burhwal Railway| ‘B&NWR Cawnpore-Burhwal Railway’]]
''See page'' '''[[Lucknow Railways and Stations]]''' ''for details''
}}

{{Places of Interest|title=Lucknow|name=Lucknow |link=http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211401480495186034184.0004b92ce01c865bf35dc&ie=UTF8&ll=26.826522,80.956535&spn=0.116422,0.150547&t=m&z=13&vpsrc=1}}

'''Lucknow''', a city in north-central India 500 km southwest of [[Delhi]], was the headquarters of [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_187.gif Lucknow District] in the Lucknow Division of United Provinces during the British period. 
It was the scene of a major siege during the [[Indian Mutiny]], when the Residency was defended against great odds by a small group of soldiers and civilians, including schoolboys from La Martiniere College.

==Spelling variants==
Modern name: Lucknow 
Variants: Lukhnow/Luknow/Lakhnao/Lakhnau/Nucklao

== Military history ==
For details of events during the [[Indian Mutiny]] see main article [[Events at Lucknow]]

==Volunteer Regiments==
"Lucknow is the head-quarters of the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway Volunteer Rifle Corps|Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway Volunteer Rifles]], the [[Lucknow Volunteer Rifle Corps|Lucknow Volunteer Rifles]] and the [[Oudh Light Horse|Oudh squadron of Light Horse]]"<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_203.gif Lucknow] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 16'', page 197</ref>

==Maps==
==== FIBIS database ====
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=672&s_id=98 1901 map of Lucknow, updated to show cemeteries]
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=1&s_id=0 Map of the Residency]

==Transport==
Lucknow became an important railway hub for both broad and metre gauge lines, headquarters of the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]] (which also had two major workshops situated close by, at [[Alambagh]] and [[Charbagh]]), and a terminus for the [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway|Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway's]] line from [[Bareilly]].

==Churches==
'''Anglican''':
*All Saints Garrison Church - (see External links section below for photos).
*Christ Church Cathedral
*St Mary's at the Residency - [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=197&s_id=152 Photos of the cemetery] on the FIBIS database
*St. Peter's the Railwaymen's Church, Charbagh, Lucknow. Built as the railwaymen's church of the Protestant Anglican communities of Charbagh and Alambagh in Lucknow, and opened in 1915. Prior to that, the congregation assembled somewhere in the present day Loco Workshop. <ref>[http://coloniallucknow.blogspot.com/2016/04/st-peters-railwaymens-church-charbagh.html St. Peter's the Railwaymen's Church, Charbagh, Lucknow] by Nikhil Katyal April 3, 2016. "Colonial Lucknow"</ref>

'''Roman Catholic'''
*St Joseph's Cathedral

'''Church of Scotland'''
*[http://coloniallucknow.blogspot.com/2019/12/saint-mungos-church-of-scotland-lucknow.html Saint Mungo's Church of Scotland, Lucknow Cantonment] December 25, 2019. "Colonial Lucknow"

== Memorials ==
[http://www.flickr.com/photos/28742607@N02/sets/72157629547211574/with/7138398699/ Memorials of Colonial Lucknow] photographs by Vineet Wal on flickr.com
====FIBIS database====
*Thomas Henry Kavanagh was a civilian who won the [[Victoria Cross]] for his action during the Siege. One of those inside the Residency, he disguised himself as a sepoy in order to escape undetected to the [[Alambagh]] and guide Campbell's forces into Lucknow for the Second Relief. Kavanagh's memorial in the All Saints Garrison Church can be view on the [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=384 FIBIS database].

==Cemeteries==
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=list_sources&source_class=152 FIBIS database: Lucknow Cemeteries]
*[http://coloniallucknow.blogspot.com/2013/09/ "Cemetery at Vilayati Bagh in Lucknow"] September 20, 2013. "Colonial Lucknow".
==Education==
[[Image:La Martiniere College.jpg|thumb|300px|La Martiniere College]]
See also [[Schools]]
*Canning College - founded 1864
*Colvin Taluqdars' College - a Public School, established 1889
*Jubilee High School
*Loreto Convent - Catholic school, founded 1872
*La Martiniere College - boys school established 1845, girls schools established 1869. [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=188&s_id=0 Photos on the FIBIS database].
*Reid Christian College
*St. Francis' School and Orphanage - Catholic school, founded 1885

==FIBIS resources==
As well as those resources already included in appropriate sections, the following can be found on the FIBIS database:
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_class&id=187&s_id=0 Photographs of Lucknow] by C Jackson, a painter and gilder for the Maharaja of Balrampur.
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_document&id=208&s_id=241 Letter from Lieutenant Clifford Mecham] sent during the Defence of Lucknow 1857
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/searchsummary.php?mode=image&kw=lucknow Miscellaneous Lucknow photographs]

Further Fibiwiki images may be browsed at [[:Category:Lucknow_images|Lucknow images]]

==Recommended reading==
*''Lucknow – Families of the Raj'' by Malcolm Spiers, published 2013.
:A review by Richard Morgan is contained in ''[[FIBIS Journal]] Number 30 (Autumn 2013)'' page 45

== External links ==
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_194.gif Lucknow] Imperial Gazetteer of India
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Lucknow Siege of Lucknow] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow Lucknow] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Martiniere_Lucknow La Martiniere College, Lucknow] Wikipedia
*[http://beautifulindianchurches.blogspot.com/2012/07/all-saints-garrison-church-church-of.html Photos of All Saints Garrison Church] 9 July 2012 from "Beautiful Indian Churches". Earlier 2011 photos from the same website [http://beautifulindianchurches.blogspot.com/2011/10/all-saints-garrison-church-cni-lucknow.html here] and [http://beautifulindianchurches.blogspot.com/2011/12/more-pictures-of-all-saints-garrison.html here]
*[http://coloniallucknow.blogspot.com/2015/04/holy-redeemer-church-roman-catholic.html Holy Redeemer Church (Roman Catholic), Lucknow] April 4, 2015. "Colonial Lucknow".
*[http://www.margaretdeefholts.com/Lucknow.html History’s Ghosts in Old Lucknow] Story and photos by Margaret Deefholts www.margaretdeefholts.com
*[http://www.krrcassociation.com/index.php/association/20-swift-bold-stories/139-goddard-childhood-memories-of-india "Childhood Memories of India"] by John Goddard, KRRC . KRRC Association. The author was born in 1923 and lived most of the time until 1933 in India, in cantonments in Lucknow and Calcutta. His father was officers’ mess sergeant in a battalion of the [[60th Regiment of Foot|King’s Royal Rifle Corps (the 60th Rifles)]]
*[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-2261676/Cliff-Richards-India-How-singers-career-actually-began-Calcutta.html Cliff's Calcutta: How Richard's singing career actually began in the British Raj] by Steve Turner 13 January 2013 dailymail.co.uk. The singer Cliff Richard was born in Lucknow in 1940. His mother had travelled from her home in [[Dehra Dun]], because Lucknow had a reputable hospital, ‘a popular hospital – very British as well’.This may have been the Lady Dufferin Hospital, then renowned for its modern maternity unit.

====Historical books online====
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_194.gif "Lucknow City"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 16'', page 188.
*[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/KC4XLZ6B4D4CMAVK554P5AWMMNLXHDRH ''Lucknow : a Gazetteer ; Volume 37 District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh''] by H R Nevill 1904 Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek. Also available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206940/page/n3 Archive.org]
*[http://bhagirathi.iitr.ac.in/dspace/handle/123456789/745 ''District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh: Volume 37: Lucknow Division''] 1916 may be downloaded as a pdf from [http://bhagirathi.iitr.ac.in/dspace Bhagirathi - The Institute Repository of IIT Roorkee]. This volume is probably ''Supplementary Notes and Statistics''.
*[https://archive.org/stream/gri_000033125008608313#page/n3/mode/2up ''The Lucknow Album : containing a series of fifty photographic views of Lucknow and its environs together with a large sized plan of the city''] 1874 Archive.org
**[https://archive.org/stream/gri_000033125008608313#page/n87/mode/1up Photograph: Christ’s Church]
**[https://archive.org/stream/gri_000033125008608313#page/n177/mode/2up Map]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/touristsguideto00hiltgoog#page/n4/mode/2up ''The Tourist's Guide to Lucknow''] by Edward H Hilton 1894. Archive.org. Also includes background information about the Siege of Lucknow 1857.
*[https://archive.org/details/guidetolucknow00mabe/page/n7 ''The Guide to Lucknow with Historical Notes on Mutiny of 1857''] by M A Beg. Reprint of 6th edition 1911. Archive.org, Historical Resources of India Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023977360 ''Lucknow (the capital of Oudh): an illustrated guide to places of interest, with history and map''] by Lieut.-Colonel H A Newell Fourth Edition c 1920s? (One earlier edition was published in 1916) Archive.org
** [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023977360#page/n84/mode/1up Map of Lucknow: Left hand side], [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023977360#page/n85/mode/1up Right hand side]
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.97230/page/n1049 "Lucknow"] digital page 1050 (page 53 of the Provincial Section/United Provinces section) ''Thacker's Indian Directory Including Burma 1940-41'' Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108461/page/n7 ''Observations on the Mussulmauns of India : descriptive of their manners, customs, habits and religious opinion made during a twelve years' residence in the immediate society''] by Mrs. Meer Hassan Ali. Edited with notes and an introduction by W. Crooke 1917. The authors background is unclear, other than that she was an English lady of high social rank, who married in England c 1816, and lived most of the time in Lucknow, see the [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108461/page/n11 Introduction]. Page ix. Originally published 1832. [https://archive.org/details/observationsonm02aligoog/page/n3 Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/observationsonm01aligoog/page/n4 Volume II]. Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/368/mode/2up Lucknow] page 368 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/mygardenincityg00cutgoog#page/n7/mode/2up ''My Garden in the City of Gardens: A Memory''] by Edith E Cuthell 1905 Archive.org. Memories of life as an Army Officer’s wife in Lucknow.
*[https://archive.org/details/rajindianmutinyk0000pemb/page/n5 ''The Raj, the Indian Mutiny and the Kingdom of Oudh, 1801-1859''] by John Pemble 1977 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]

Howrah Floating Bridge and Howrah Bridge

2021-03-19T08:00:29Z

PEA-2292: Image added

'''Howrah Floating Bridge and Howrah Bridge'''
[[Image:Howrah Bridge - Calcutta.jpg‎|right|thumb|200x|View of old Floating Pontoon Howrah Bridge]]
The Howrah Bridge <ref name=WikiHowrah>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howrah_Bridge Wikipedia 'Howrah Bridge']; Retrieved 1 Jan 2021</ref> is one of the most recognised landmarks in [[Calcutta]] (Kolkata), connecting with its neighbouring industrial city of Howrah over the Hooghly river.
 The construction of the Howrah Bridge was first proposed in 1862. The Government of Bengal wanted to build a bridge over the Hooghly River. They asked the Chief Engineer of the [[East Indian Railway|East Indian Railway Company]] to study the feasibility of the idea and come up with a proposal. But for several reasons, his proposal never materialised.
 Later in the 1800s, a pontoon bridge or floating bridge was built between Howrah and Kolkata. But it wasn’t strong enough to handle the huge traffic between the two cities or to weather the frequent storms in the area.
 The Bengal government continued to look for alternatives and, several decades later, the new bridge was finally commissioned. The contract to build it was awarded to a ‘Braithwaite Burn and Jessop Construction Company’ and constructed without nuts and bolts, the Howrah Bridge was formed by riveting the entire steel structure. The bridge officially opened in 1943 when it was the world’s third longest cantilever bridge. Today, it is the sixth longest bridge of its type in the world.

==History==
===1862 Proposal ===
In 1862, the Government of Bengal asked [[George Turnbull]], chief engineer of the [[East Indian Railway| ‘East Indian Railway Company’]] to study the feasibility of bridging the Hooghly River. He had recently established the company's rail terminus in Howrah. He reported on 19 March, with large-scale drawings and estimates, that <ref name=WikiHowrah>:-
*The foundations for a bridge at Calcutta would be at a considerable depth and cost because of the depth of the mud there.
*The impediment to shipping would be considerable.
*A good place for the bridge was at Pulta Ghat "about a dozen miles north of Calcutta" where a "bed of stiff clay existed at no great depth under the river bed".
*A suspended-girder bridge of five spans of 401 feet (122 m) and two spans 200 feet (61 m) would be ideal

In view of the increasing traffic across the Hooghly river, a committee had been appointed in 1855-56 to review alternatives for constructing a bridge across it. The plan was shelved in 1859-60, to be revived in 1868, when it was decided that a bridge should be constructed and a newly appointed trust vested to manage it. The Calcutta Port Trust was founded in 1870, and the Legislative department of the then Government of Bengal passed the Howrah Bridge Act in the year 1871 under the Bengal Act IX of 1871, empowering the lieutenant-governor to have the bridge constructed with Government capital under the aegis of the Port Commissioners <ref name=WikiHowrah/>.

===Pontoon Bridge===
Eventually a contract was signed with [[Bradford Leslie|Sir Bradford Leslie]] to construct a pontoon bridge. Different parts were constructed in England and shipped to Calcutta, where they were assembled. The assembling period was fraught with problems. The bridge was considerably damaged by the great cyclone on 20 March 1874. A steamer named Egeria broke from her moorings and collided head-on with the bridge, sinking three pontoons and damaging nearly 200 feet of the bridge. The bridge was complete in 1874, at a total cost of Rs. 2.2 million, and opened to traffic on 17 October of that year. The bridge was then 1528 ft. long and 62 ft. wide, with 7-foot wide pavements on either side. From 19 August 1879, the bridge was illuminated by electric lamp-posts, powered by the dynamo at the Mullick Ghat Pumping Station <ref name=WikiHowrah/>.
 Initially the bridge was periodically unfastened to allow steamers and other marine vehicles to pass through. Before 1906, the bridge used to be undone for the passage of vessels during daytime only. Since June of that year it started opening at night for all vessels except ocean steamers, which were required to pass through during daytime. As the bridge could not handle the rapidly increasing load, the Port Commissioners started planning in 1905 for a new improved bridge<ref name=WikiHowrah/>.

===Plans for a new Bridge===
In 1906 the Port Commission appointed a committee headed by R.S. Highet, chief engineer, ‘[[East Indian Railway]]’ and W.B. MacCabe, chief engineer, ‘Calcutta Corporation’. They submitted a report stating that<ref name=WikiHowrah/>:-
 Bullock carts formed the eight - thirteenths of the vehicular traffic (as observed on 27 August 1906, the heaviest day's traffic observed in the port of Commissioners 16 days' Census of the vehicular traffic across the existing bridge). The roadway on the existing bridge is 48 feet wide except at the shore spans where it is only 43 feet in roadways, each 21 feet 6 inches wide. The roadway on the new bridge would be wide enough to take at least two lines of vehicular traffic and one line of trams in each direction and two roadways each 30 feet wide, giving a total width of 60 feet of road way which are quite sufficient for this purpose
 The traffic across the existing floating bridge Calcutta & Howrah is very heavy and it is obvious if the new bridge is to be on the same site as the existing bridge, then unless a temporary bridge is provided, there will be serious interruptions to the traffic while existing bridge is being moved to one side to allow the new bridge to be erected on the same site as the present bridge.
The committee considered six options:
*Large ferry steamers capable of carrying vehicular load (set up cost Rs.900,000, annual cost Rs.438,000)
*A transporters bridge (set up cost Rs. 2 million)
*A tunnel (set up cost Rs. 338.2 million, annual maintenance cost Rs. 1779,000)
*A bridge on piers (set up cost Rs. 22.5 million)
*A floating bridge (set up cost Rs. 2140,000, annual maintenance cost Rs. 200,000)
*An arched bridge
The committee eventually decided on a floating bridge. It extended tenders to 23 firms for its design and construction.

===New Howrah Bridge Proposals===
The initial construction process of the bridge was stalled due to the World War I, although the bridge was partially renewed in 1917 and 1927.
 The Chief Engineer of the Port Trust, Mr. J. McGlashan, wanted to replace the pontoon bridge, with a permanent structure, as the present bridge interfered with North/South river traffic. Work could not be started as World War I (1914–1918) broke out.
 In 1921 a committee of engineers named the 'Mukherjee Committee' was formed, headed by R. N. Mukherji, Sir Clement Hindley, chairman of Calcutta Port Trust and J. McGlashan, Chief Engineer. They referred the matter to Sir Basil Mott, who proposed a single span arch bridge. Charles Alfred O’Grady was one of the Engineers<ref name=WikiHowrah/>.
 In 1922 the ‘New Howrah Bridge Commission’ was set up, to which the ‘Mukherjee Committee’ submitted its report. In 1926 the ‘New Howrah Bridge Act’ passed. In 1930 the ‘Goode Committee ‘was formed, comprising S.W. Goode as president, S.N. Mallick, and W.H. Thompson, to investigate and report on the advisability of constructing a pier bridge between Calcutta and Howrah. Based on their recommendation the ‘[[Rendel, Palmer and Tritton Partnership]]’ were asked to consider the construction of a suspension bridge of a particular design prepared by their chief draftsman Mr. Walton. On basis of the report, a global tender was floated. The lowest bid came from a German company, but due to increasing political tensions between Germany and Great Britain in 1935, it was not given the contract.

===New Howrah Bridge Construction===
The [[Braithwaite Co.| ‘Braithwaite, Burn & Jessop Construction Co.’]] was awarded the construction contract that year. The ‘New Howrah Bridge Act’ was amended in 1935 to reflect this, and construction of the bridge started the next year.
 World War II (1939–1945 ) intervened. All the steel that was to come from England were diverted for war effort in Europe. Out of 26,000 tons of steel, that was required for the bridge, only 3000 tons were supplied from England. In spite of the Japanese threat, the then (British) government of India pressed on with the construction. Tata Steel were asked to supply the remaining 23,000 tons of high tension steel called Tiscom and was supplied in time.
 The two anchorage caissons were each 16.4 m by 8.2 m, with two wells 4.9 m square. The caissons were so designed that the working chambers within the shafts could be temporarily enclosed by steel diaphragms to allow work under compressed air if required. The caisson at Kolkata side was set at 31.41 m and that at Howrah side at 26.53 m below ground level. The work on the foundation was completed on November 1938.
 By the end of 1940, the erection of the cantilevered arms was commenced and was completed in mid-summer of 1941. The two halves of the suspended span, each 282 feet (86 m) long and weighing 2,000 tons, were built in December 1941. The bridge was erected by commencing at the two anchor spans and advancing towards the centre, with the use of creeper cranes moving along the upper chord. 16 hydraulic jacks, each of which had an 800-ton capacity, were pressed into service to join the two halves of the suspended span.

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category: Railway Constructions‎]]

Howrah

2021-03-19T07:58:23Z

PEA-2292: Infobox ‘ Transport Links’ info added. Bridge info added

{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|image=‎Howrah Station view 106.jpg
|coordinates= [http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=22.59,88.31&z=13&t=h&hl=en 22.59°N, 88.31°E]
|altitude= 12 m (39 ft)
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howrah Howrah]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal West Bengal]
|country= India
|transport= ‘[[East Indian Railway]]’ (EIR), ‘[[Bengal-Nagpur Railway]]’(BNR) , ‘[[Howrah-Amta Light Railway]]’ and '[[Howrah-Sheakhalla Light Railway]]’
''See page'' '''[[Howrah Railway Station]]''' ''for details''
}}
{{Places of Interest|title=Howrah|name=Howrah|link=xxxxx}}
'''Howrah''' is situated across the river from [[Calcutta]], on the west bank of the Hugli River. It was the headquarters of [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_212.gif Howrah District] in the division of the same name in the [[Bengal Districts]] during the British period.

==Spelling variants==
Modern name: Howrah 
Variants: Habara

==FIBIS Resources==
*[[:Category:Howrah images|Images of Howrah]]
[[Image:St. Thomas' Church, Howrah, Calcutta, 2007.jpg|right|thumb|220px|St. Thomas' Church, Howrah]]
==Churches==
*St Thomas Church

==Cemeteries==
[[Image:India Bantra Cemetery entry, Howrah., 2007.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Entrance to Bantra Cemetery, Howrah]]
*Bantra Cemetery
*Many maritime related burials took place at Howrah, where St Thomas' Church and Cemetery were established in 1833. See external link below to Bengal Obituary

== Howrah Bridge==
''See also separate page'' '''[[Howrah Floating Bridge and Howrah Bridge]]''' ''for further information''
 The Howrah Bridge was designed to link Howrah with the city of [[Calcutta]]. The old Floating Pontoon Bridge was built by Sir [[Bradford Leslie]] in 1874. It was largely a timber construction which opened to let river traffic through. [[Image:Howrah Bridge - Calcutta.jpg‎|right|thumb|200x|View of old Floating Pontoon Howrah Bridge]]

In 1937 work began on a new bridge - which is a landmark of Kolkata (Calcutta) today, being one of the foremost cantilever bridges in the world. It was formally opened in 1943 and the old bridge was decommissioned soon after in 1946. The new bridge was renamed Rabindra Setu in 1965 to honour Rabindranath Tagore - the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. However, it is still commonly referred to as the Howrah Bridge.

==External links==
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_219.gif Howrah City] Imperial Gazetteer 
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090117073242/http://www.victoriamemorial-cal.org/skchhowrahdoc.html A view of the Howrah Dockyard], now archived from the website of the [http://victoriamemorial-cal.org/home/content/en Victoria Memorial Hall, Calcutta] 
*[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-2261676/Cliff-Richards-India-How-singers-career-actually-began-Calcutta.html Cliff's Calcutta: How Richard's singing career actually began in the British Raj] by Steve Turner 13 January 2013 dailymail.co.uk. The singer Cliff Richards once lived in Howrah
===Historical books online===
*[http://nlirepository.nvli.in//handle/123456789/9096 ''An Account of Howrah, Past and Present''] by C D Banerjei 1872. Pdf download from National Library of India.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/howrahomalley01omal#page/n5/mode/2up ''Bengal District Gazetteers: Howrah''] 1909 Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/bengalobituaryo00calgoog#page/n345/mode/2up List of burials at Howrah] (Bengal Obituary) archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.510652/2015.510652.The-Gazette#page/n157/mode/2up/ List of Graves at Howrah Cemetery in a ruinous condition] page 701 ''Gazette of India April 3, 1915''. Subsequently repeated [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.510652/2015.510652.The-Gazette#page/n561/mode/2up/ page 774] ''Gazette of India April 17, 1915''.
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[[Category: Locations]][[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]

Delhi

2021-03-17T09:01:10Z

PEA-2292: Infobox ‘ Transport Links’ info added

{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|image=Delhi, Saint James Church.jpg
|coordinates= [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=28.656233,77.241066&spn=0.1,0.1&q=28.61,77.23 28.656233°N 77.241066°E″ E]
|altitude= 239 m (784 ft)
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi Delhi]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region National Capital Region]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= [[East Indian Railway]] [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]] [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] [[North Western Railway]] [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]] [[Southern Punjab Railway]]
''See page'' '''[[Delhi Railways & Stations]]''' ''for details''
}}
{{Places of Interest|title=Delhi |name=Delhi|link=https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211401480495186034184.0004b97dc475ca95bab65&ie=UTF8&t=m&z=13&vpsrc=1}}

'''Delhi''', the ancient capital of the Moghul Empire, succeeded [[Calcutta]] as the capital of British India in 1911. It was the pre-eminent commercial and railway centre of the Punjab, more important than [[Lahore]]. It was the headquarters of [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_229.gif Delhi District] in the Delhi Division of [[Punjab|Punjab Province]] during the British period.

== Military history ==
[[Battle of Delhi]] 1803 
[[Relief of Delhi]] 1804 
[[Delhi Massacre]] May 1857 
[[Siege of Delhi 1857 – Subzee Mundee]] 9 June 1857 
[[Siege of Delhi 1857 - Metcalfe House]] 12 June 1857 
[[Siege of Delhi 1857 - Idgah Battery]] 17 June 1857 
[[Siege of Delhi 1857 - Ochterlony Garden]] 19 June 1857 
[[Recapture of Delhi]] Sept 1857

== Spelling Variants ==
Modern name: Delhi 
Variants: Dilli

==Also see==
*[[Delhi Durbar]]

==FIBIS Resources==
*[[:Category:Delhi images|Images of Delhi]]

==Cemeteries==
*Lothian Cemetery
**[http://www.indian-cemeteries.org/search.asp Links to images of cemetery and transcriptions via left hand bar] www.indian-cemeteries.org
*Nicholson Cemetery -
**[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&CRid=2146299&CScntry=34&CSsr=121& Transcriptions and images of over 100 graves] find a grave.com
*St James Church and Churchyard
**[http://www.indian-cemeteries.org/search.asp Links to transcriptions and images via left hand bar] www.indian-cemeteries.org
*D'Eremao Cemetery
**[http://www.azad-hye.net/article/article_view.asp?re=734gkg67 "Armenians In Mughal Delhi"] An article by the late Dr Omar Khalidi detailing the history of [[Armenian|Armenians]] in Mughal Delhi and describing his visit to the ancient D'Eremao Cemetery.
**[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/kishanganjs-claim-to-fame/article8114405.ece "Kishanganj’s claim to fame"] by R V Smith January 17, 2016 ''The Hindu''. The historic D’Eremao cemetery. Currently labelled the Armenian Cemetery, it is however probably the first European cemetery of Old Delhi, and thus not exclusively Armenian.

==Further Information==
See '''[[Imperial Delhi Committee]]''' 
and '''[[Delhi Imperial Construction Railways]]'''

Also see "Historical books online", below

== External links ==
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_239.gif Delhi City] Imperial Gazetteer of India
*[http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/church-on-the-chowk-111122500012_1.html Church on the Chowk] by Priyanka Sharma December 25, 2011. www.business-standard.com. The Central Baptist Church in Old Delhi, first built in 1792
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160908163142/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-16048786 Photographs: Felice Beato's 19th Century Delhi] bbc.co.uk. Slideshow of 7 images, now an archived webpage.
*[http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/21/how-two-friends-built-a-city-and-fell-out "How Two Friends Built a City and Fell Out"] by Margherita Stancati November 21, 2011, Wall Street Journal blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime. Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker were commissioned to build New Delhi.
:[https://thewire.in/165130/friendship-faltered-raisina-hill/ "Lutyens and Baker: A Friendship That Faltered on Raisina Hill"] by Shashank Shekhar Sinha 06/08/2017 thewire.in.
*[http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/features/100-yearsdelhi-roads-names_632101.html Delhi road names [now and then<nowiki>]</nowiki>] moneycontrol.com
*[http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/14/us-india-cemetery-idUSBREA1D00720140214 Graves of empire tell of India's troubled past] by Angus Macswan New Delhi Fri Feb 14, 2014 reuters.com. The Nicholson Christian Cemetery near the Kashmere Gate
*[http://www.rafweb.org/Stations/Stations-D.htm#Delhi RAF Delhi] rafweb.org (retrieved 1 July 2014)

===Historical books online===
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=CBAoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 "Mofussil Stations: No XI-Delhi"] page 1 ''The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany'', Volume 14, New Series May-August 1834. Google Books
*[https://archive.org/details/goldencalmengl00bayl ''The Golden Calm : an English lady's life in Moghul Delhi : Reminiscences by Emily, Lady Clive Bayley, and her father Sir Thomas Metcalfe''] Edited by M M Kaye 1980. Archive.org Lending Library. Sir Thomas was in India from 1813 and was Delhi Resident at the time of his death in 1853 from poison. Emily joined her father in Delhi in 1848 at the age of 17, and two years later married Sir Edward Clive Bayley, then Under-Secretary to the Foreign Department. With a chapter by M M Kaye from page 21, with many of her comments throughout. With beautiful illustrations of paintings by native Company artists working to Sir Thomas’s commission. Incorporating parts/all? of ''Reminiscences of Imperial Delhi'' by Sir Thomas Metcalfe 1842-44, images from which are also available online by [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/index.html Searching the British Library Online Gallery] using Metcalfe and his book title as search words.
*[https://archive.org/details/thelastmughalthefallofadynastydelhi18572008vintagebooks_201910 ''The Last Mughal: The Fall of a Dynasty, Delhi, 1857''] by William Dalrymple 2006 Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/374/mode/2up Delhi] page 374 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_00000005D3D8 ''The Tourist's Guide from Delhi to Kurrachee, describing the various towns ... commerce: railways: river communications: &c: &c: with a map'']. Lahore [c 1865?]. British Library Digital Collection
*''‪The New Guide to Delhi'' by Captain A Harcourt, Assistant Commissioner, Delhi. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=VNxGAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1 1866], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=gJpeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1 2nd edition 1870], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=JA4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 3rd edition revised and enlarged 1873] Google Books
*[https://archive.org/details/ahandbookforvis02keengoog ''Handbook for Visitors to Delhi and Its Neighbourhood''] by H G Keene 4th edition 1882 Archive.org
*''Gazetteer Of The Delhi District 1883''. A volume in the series ''Punjab District Gazetteers''. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62821 Archive.org mirror version], from Digital Library of India.
:''Punjab District Gazetteers Vol.V A. Delhi District'' 1912. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.531221 Archive.org mirror version], from Digital Library of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/delhipastandpre00fansgoog ''Delhi Past and Present''] by H C Fanshawe, Bengal Civil Service, retired. 1902 Archive.org
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2740836?urlappend=%3Bseq=27 "Delhi District"] page 5 ''A list of inscriptions on Christian tombs or monuments in the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Kashmir and Afghanistan possessing historical or archaeological interest Part 1'' by Miles Irving (1910) Hathi Trust Digital Library
*[https://archive.org/details/b28145860 ''At work : letters of Marie Elizabeth Hayes, M.B. Missionary Doctor Delhi, 1905-8''] 1909 Archive.org
*[http://cslrepository.nvli.in//handle/123456789/7082 ''Here is Delhi: a guidebook, with history and map''] by D O'Sullivan 1920. Central Secretariat Library (CSL) [Delhi] Digital Repository, and [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.7082/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].
*''Delhi: Its Story and Buildings'' by H Sharp [Sir Henry Sharp], 1921. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.529361 Archive.org mirror version] from Digital Library of India.
*[http://jramc.bmj.com/content/46/3/214.full.pdf "A Few Stations In India"] by Mrs. H. V. Bagshawe. ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps ''1926;46:3 214-223. The author was the wife of a medical officer in the RAMC who was based at [[Jullunder]], [[Dalhousie]] and New Cantonments Delhi.
*[https://archive.org/details/CInCsResidencesIndia ''Reminiscences of the Residencies of the Commanders-In-Chief in India in Simla, Old and New Delhi''] by Field- Marshal Sir W R Birdwood 1930 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/NewDelhiByRobertByron '"New Delhi'"] by Robert Byron. ''The Architectural Review'' January 1931. Archive.org
*''Delhi A Historical Sketch'' by Percival Spear 1945 reprint (originally published 1937). [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.63294 Archive.org mirror version], from Digital Library of India.
*[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.528104/2015.528104.India-Of#page/n103/mode/2up Delhi] page 100 ''India of the Rajahs'' by Major S E G Ponder 1940 Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection.
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[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]

Cawnpore

2021-03-17T08:56:58Z

PEA-2292: Infobox ‘ Transport Links’ info added

{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency= [[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal]]
|image= Memorial Hall, Cawnpore.jpg‎
|coordinates= [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=26.460738,80.333405&spn=0.1,0.1&q=26.460738,80.333405 26.460738°N, 80.333405°E]
|altitude= 126 m (413 ft)
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cawnpore Kanpur]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh Uttar Pradesh]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]] [[East Indian Railway]] [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]]
''See page'' '''[[Cawnpore Railways and Stations]]''' ''for details''
}}
{{Places of Interest|title=Cawnpore|name=Cawnpore|link=xxxxx}}

'''Cawnpore''' was the headquarters of [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_235.gif Cawnpore District] in the Allahabad Division of United Provinces during the British period.

The city was (and remains) an important railway junction, with the [[East Indian Railway|East Indian]] main trunk line from [[Calcutta]] to [[Delhi]] meeting spurs from the [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway|Bombay, Baroda and Central India]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway|Great Indian Peninsula]] and [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway|Oudh and Rohilkhand Railways]].

== Military history ==
[[Siege of Cawnpore Jun 1857]] 
[[Cawnpore (Satichaura Ghat)]] 
[[Cawnpore (Bibigarh)]] 
[[Recapture of Cawnpore July 1857]] 
[[Siege of Cawnpore Nov 1857]]

== Spelling Variants ==
Modern name: Kanpur 
Variants: Cawnpore / Cawnpur / Cawnpoor / Caunpoor / Khanpore 

Modern name:Bibigarh 
Variants: Bibigurh / Bibigahr / Bibighar 

==FIBIS resources==
*[[:Category:Cawnpore images|Images of Cawnpore]]
*[http://gallery.fibis.org/picture.php?/666/category/21 Photograph: Cawnpore Barracks 1915] FIBIS Gallery collection of photographs of Arthur Cecil Gregory who served in the 5th Bn. [[East Surrey Regiment]] in various parts of India during [[First World War|WWI]], including Cawnpore
*"Adam Maxwell of Cawnpore-Indigo and Intrigue" by Judith Vandenburgh Green [[FIBIS Journals|''FIBIS Journal'']] ''Number 25 Spring 2011'', pages 25-33
*"William Garnett, the Volunteering Major" by Michael Garnett ''FIBIS Journal Number 26 Autumn 2011'', pages 26-30. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]]
:He was on the Bengal [[Unattached List]] located at Cawnpore from 1883, where he worked for a time at the Army Boot Factory, rising to Commissary and Honorary Major in 1912. He also played a major role c 1884 in the establishment of the [[Cawnpore Light Horse]] and on retirement to England in 1919 held the rank of Company Sergeant Major in this [[Auxiliary Regiments|volunteer regiment]].
*"The Walsh Family and the Cawnpore Massacre" by Paddy Walsh ''FIBIS Journal Number 31 (Spring 2014)'' pages 3-15. For access, see [[FIBIS Journals]]

==Cemeteries==
*[[BACSA]] has published the book ''Cawnpore – its early history and Kacheri Cemetery Guide'' by Zoë Yalland, 2012. "An engaging history of Cawnpore, with inscriptions on tombs in the old Kacheri cemetery and biographical notes. A new edition of the author’s two books on Kacheri Cemetery which have long been out of print. 150pp, numerous illustrations". See [http://indian-cemeteries.org/bacsa/html/bacsa_books.html BACSA Books].

[[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia|BACSA]] have put the indexes to this cemetery book online and these indexes are free to browse. If an indexed name is of interest then application can be made to BACSA for details of the relevant burial inscription - charges apply for this service.

This cemetery was open 1781-1865 and up to 1846 was known as the Officers’ Burial Ground, as mainly military officers and their families were buried there. It became known as Kacheri Cemetery in 1857. [[Cemeteries#Inscriptions in online books|Blunt]] has some entries under Kachahri Cemetery. Private soldiers were buried at Hiramun-Ku –Purwa (open 1796-1818). The New Cantonment Cemetery was open 1818-1943.<ref>[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Ij5dojANAG0J:www.rcueslko.org/jnnurm/Kanpur/10%2520Chapter%252010%2520Heritage%2520and%2520Tourism.pdf+Kacheri+Cemetery&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiaO2TnCC6QoI29ymzo1XEalKdCKMMGUXKt3NI2AH-ucD1I2SpIXGzYLPpMz4n8THV71O5FMeuAh6Uwa3-UT_-D_668Te91A7L3tuaJm8iAcyu1pINievxjno5bBLVK0RT3V5dP&sig=AHIEtbRdkoY_o3LJAPK55CJVt3yhqTJZfA Kanpur Heritage and Tourism], page 4 and details from BACSA Archive at the British Library, Mss F370.</ref>
*Monumental Inscriptions from Cawnpur Cantonment Cemetery by Lieut-Colonel W A Gale R.E. from ''Miscellanea Genealogica Et Heraldica: Fourth Series''. At least some of these entries may be found in the [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=973&s_id=294 FIBIS database: Percy-Smith/Bullock papers: Graves and Monuments]
**Volume 1 1906 Archive.org [https://archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea1190bann#page/n127/mode/2up/ Page 54], [https://archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea1190bann#page/n253/mode/2up/ page 114], [https://archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea1190bann#page/n311/mode/2up page 142], [https://archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea1190bann#page/n373/mode/2up/ page 172], [https://archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea1190bann#page/n467/mode/2up/ page 216], [https://archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea1190bann#page/n551/mode/2up page 257], [https://archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea1190bann#page/n625/mode/2up/ page 294]. [https://archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea1190bann#page/n697/mode/2up Index of Names] (Entire book).
**Volume 2 1908 Archive.org [http://www.archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea02bann#page/20/mode/2up Page 21], [http://www.archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea02bann#page/60/mode/2up/search page 61], [http://www.archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea02bann#page/138/mode/2up/search page 138], [http://www.archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea02bann#page/164/mode/2up/search page 164]. [http://www.archive.org/stream/miscellaneagenea02bann#page/340/mode/2up Index of Names] (Entire book).
**The last entry of data in 1908 states "To be continued". However, no further inscriptions have been located in the following Volume 3, so it is likely there are no further records.

===Church and cemetery memorial inscriptions===
*From Indian Cemeteries website, now archived
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20160909074623/http://indian-cemeteries.org/monument_list.asp?town=Cawnpore&cem=All%20Souls%20Church Inscriptions from All Souls Church, Cawnpore]. Includes regimental memorials,
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20071026054052/http://indian-cemeteries.org/cemetery_details.asp?town=Cawnpore&cem=All%20Souls%20Church%20Mutiny%20Memorial All Souls Church Mutiny Memorial in Cawnpore] Click on List all monuments.
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20071026053950/http://indian-cemeteries.org/cemetery_details.asp?town=Cawnpore&cem=Christian%20Cemetery Christian Cemetery in Cawnpore] Click on List all monuments.

==Education==
*Christ Church College, Kanpur. The College began as an S.P.G. [Society for the Propogation of the Gospel] Mission School in the 1840’s. First called Mission School, then Christ Church School, it grew into a College affiliated to the Calcutta University in 1866.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodist_High_School,_Kanpur Girls’High School], (Wikipedia), known as Methodist High School since 1952. Established 1874. It also admitted some boys.

==Economy and Business==
*[http://www.wiganworld.co.uk/album/photo.php?opt=6&id=5807&gallery=Bradshaw+family&offset=0 William Bradshaw] was appointed assistant weaving master at Muir Mills in 1931 and worked there until 1952
*[http://www.lal-imli.com/profile.html Profile of The British India Corporation] which was registered as a Limited Company on 24 February 1920.to amalgamate a number of companies, most of which were located in Cawnpore:
**Cawnpore Woollen Mills Co. (established 1876). Still in existence as a Government of India Company, (along with New Egerton Woollen Mills Co. Ltd., Dhariwal, Punjab. (established 1882)).
**Cooper Allen & Co. Ltd. proprietors of the largest Army Boot and Equipment Factory in the world – Kanpur (established 1881)
** North–West Tannery Co. Ltd., Proprietors of the largest and the most up-to-date Tannery in the East – Kanpur (established 1881).
** Cawnpore Cotton Mills Co. Ltd. (established 1882).
** Empire Engineering Co. Ltd., Civil, Mechanical, Motor and Constructional Engineers, Contractors and Builders – Kanpur (established 1894).

==Volunteer Regiments==
*[[Cawnpore Light Horse]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
*[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/CAU_CHA/CAWNPORE_or_KANPUR.html Cawnpore] encyclopedia.jrank.org (Online 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica)
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_321.gif Cawnpore City] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Volume 9, page 315.
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gaz_atlas_1909/fullscreen.html?object=69 Cawnpore map 1909] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'' Volume 26 Atlas
*RAF [http://www.rquirk.com/fail/322mu/322mu.htm 322 Maintenance Unit and the Demolition Of SEAC Liberators] by J.E.H. Fail. RAF 322 MU Chaberi was located near Cawnpore during World War 2. rquirk.com

===Historical books online===
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=qisYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA292 "Scenes in the Mofussil: No I – Cawnpore"] page 292, ''The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany'', Vol 9, New Series, Sept-Dec 1832. Google Books
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/364/mode/2up Cawnpore] page 365 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279954/mode/2up ''District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh: Volume XIX Cawnpore''] by H R Nevill 1909 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3109/mode/2up 2nd file] Archive.org

[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]

Bombay (City)

2021-03-17T08:52:23Z

PEA-2292: Infobox 'Transport Links' info added

{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency=[[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]]
|image=Gateway-of-India-Mumbai.jpg
|coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=19.017656,72.85618&z=11&t=h&hl=en 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E]
|altitude= 8 m (26 ft)
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay Mumbai]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra Maharashtra]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]] [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] [[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]
''See page'' '''[[Bombay Railways & Stations]]''' ''for details''
}}
{{Places of Interest|title=Bombay |name=Bombay |link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211401480495186034184.0004b97bccccca195a585&ie=UTF8&t=m&z=14&vpsrc=1}}

'''Bombay''' was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and the headquarters of the district of the same name during the British period. Now called '''Mumbai''', it is the capital of the state of Maharashtra.

==Geography==
Originally there were [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Islands_of_Bombay Seven Islands of Bombay]:

*Isle of Bombay
*[[Colaba]]
*Old Woman's Island ([[Little Colaba]])
*[[Mahim]]
*[[Mazagon|Mazagaon]]
*[[Parel]]
*[[Worli]]

They were gradually merged by land reclamation until they were one land mass by 1845.

==History==
Located on the inlet of Bom Bahia (beautiful bay), the city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534. It passed to British rule in 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine of Braganza. During this time there were three [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Bombay#Royal_Governors_.281662.E2.80.931668.29 Royal Governors]. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year and was administered by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Bombay#Company_Governors_.281668.E2.80.931862.29 Company Governors]. These became [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Bombay#Crown_Governors_.281862.E2.80.931948.29 Crown Governors] when rule was transferred to the UK government. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city.

Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:
*Year Population
*1700 10,000
*1800 100,000
*1900 775 000

Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Bombay became the commercial centre of the Malwa [[Opium trade| opium trade]], and opium also became the basis for the prosperity of Bombay.<ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727093134/http://www.hinduonnet.com:80/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-''The Hindu'' Volume 23 - Issue 10: 20 May - 2 June 2006, now archived; [https://www.academia.edu/6333316/Book_review_Opium_City_The_Rise_of_Early_Victorian_Bombay_by_Amar_Farooqui Article by Dipesh Karmarkar] academia.edu. Discussions of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui 2006, available at the [[British Library]] UIN: BLL01013423658 .</ref> Railways much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864. This allowed Bombay to fill the global demand for cotton resulting from shortages as a consequence of the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further shortened the passage to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamsetji Jijibhoy (JJ) School of Art, and the Mechanics Institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.

Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage. Bombay introduced Modernist architecture to India seeing new concrete construction methods as an inclusive architecture available to India's masses in the lead up to Independence.

==Bombay City Improvement Trust==
The [[Bombay City Improvement Trust Railways|Bombay City Improvement Trust]] was created on December 9, 1898, in response to the Bobbay plague epidemic of 1896. It was created through an Act of the Parliament. The Municipal Corporation and the government handed over all vacant lands to this body. The Trust undertook a host of measures to improve sanitary and living conditions in the city. The planned opening up of suburbs was due to the Trust <ref name=Wiki>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_City_Improvement_Trust Wikipedia "Bombay City Improvement Trust"]; Retrieved 14 Mar 2017</ref>

The Trust widened roads in the central, crowded, parts of the town. A new east-west road, the Princess Street, was constructed to channel the sea air into the centre of the crowded residential areas. The north-south Sydenham Road (now Mohammedali Road) was also constructed with this end in view <ref name=Wiki/>.

The Dadar-Matunga-Wadala-Sion suburban development was started in 1899 with the express purpose of relieving congestion to the south. Well-laid out plots, with mixed land-use patterns marked these sections. Completed in 1900, access to these parts were through the newly completed Mohammedali Road <ref name=Wiki/>.

The Trust was later merged with the Municipal Corporation and known as the Bombay Development Department/Directorate.

==FIBIS Resources==
*[[:Category:Bombay images|Images of Bombay in Fibiwiki]]
*[https://gallery.fibis.org/index.php?/search/1 Images of Bombay in the FIBIS Gallery]
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=223&s_id=99 Bombay Maps]
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=492&s_id=39 Bombay Golf Clubs members]

==Churches==
[[Image:Bombay St Thomas Church Interior.jpg|thumb|200px|right| St Thomas Church, Bombay]]
[[Image:Bombay Colaba Church Interior.jpg|thumb|200px|right| Colaba Church Interior, Bombay]]
'''Anglican'''
*[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/allsaints.htm All Saints - Malabar Hill]
*[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/christ.htm Christ Church - Byculla]
*[http://stthomascathedral.org/index.htm St. Thomas Cathedral] - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833. On the south side of Church Gate Street. Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church. There are some photographs of interest on [http://www.flickr.com/photos/23268776@N03/4574796680 flickr] and more on [http://www.sacred-destinations.com/india/mumbai-st-thomas-cathedral.htm Sacred Destinations website]. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fP5xQwYNp5c YouTube video] by indiavideo.org
*[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/afghan.htm St. John the Evangelist Church, Colaba] - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858. Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]]. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTXc2ueTtPs YouTube video] by indiavideo.org

'''Presbyterian'''
*St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/23268776@N03/4812859842 Photograph: St Andrew's Kirk] by DBHKer flickr.com

'''Roman Catholic''' 
[http://www.archbom.org/directory.htm Addresses] of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai ([http://www.archbom.org/ Archdiocese of Mumbai]). See also [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bombay Bombay] in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.
*Cathedral of the Holy Name
*Church of the Holy Trinity
*Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at [[Byculla]]
*Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount
*Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606
*Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596
*Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794
*Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished
*Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974
*St. Andrew's Church - built 1575
*St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)
*St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964

'''Other'''
*Free Church of Scotland
*Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba

*St Nicholas
*Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1861
*Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888

==Cemeteries==
See also [[List_of_cemeteries#B| List of Cemeteries]]
*European Burial Ground, Queens Road
*Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)

==Schools==
The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children
*Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.
*Scottish Schools (Byculla),
*Scottish Schools (Fort),
*Cathedral Choir School (Fort)
*Cathedral High Scool
*Alexandra Girls School
*Islamia School

[[Image:Bombay - St Mary's High School.JPG|thumb|300px|right|St Mary's High School, Bombay]]
'''Catholic'''

''Boys''
*The High School of St. Xavier
*St. Mary's High School

''Girls''
*Girls High Schools, at Clare road, Par el and the Fort.
*St. Joseph's Foundling Home
*St. Vincent's Home for poor women and girl

==Orphan Schools==
See [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]

==Tertiary Education==
*Elphinstone College 1835
*Grant Medical Institution 1845
*Bombay Law School
*The Government Law College, 1855
*Wilson College
*St Xavier’s College (Catholic)
*The Sydenham College
*Jamsetji Jijibhoy School of Art
*Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute

==Hospitals==
*European General Hospital
*Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886
*Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890
*St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892
*The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868
*Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890
*National Medical College on 4 September 1921
*Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927
*Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929
*Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925,
*King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926
*The Nair Hospital Dental College
*The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30

==Newspapers==
*Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933
*Times of India, 1873-1942
*Bombay Gazette,
*Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)

==Military==
[[Image:Colaba - The Barracks.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Barracks, Colaba]]
*Sion Fort
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sion_Hillock_Fort Sion Hillock Fort] Wikipedia
*HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command
*Garrison
*3 companies of artillery,
*2 Native infantry,
*5 corps volunteers: [[Bombay Light Horse]], [[Bombay Volunteer Artillery]], [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment|GIPR Volunteers]], [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment|B,B & CIR Volunteers]], [[Bombay Volunteer Rifles]],
*Royal Indian Marines

==Clubs==
[[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]
*The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines
*Byculla Club, Byculla
*Yacht Club, Wellington Pier
*Bombay Club,Esplanade
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Bombay_Yacht_Club Royal Bombay Yacht Club]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Gymkhana Bombay Gymkhana]
[[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]

==Growing up in Bombay==
*Maxine Steller was born in 1930, daughter of Bill Taylor who was in the Bombay Police Force. The family lived in quarters behind the various police stations he was assigned to, including some very dangerous areas. She describes her early life, including becoming the female singer in a band, and the conditions before and after independence, until she left in 1950 for Australia.<ref>[http://www.tajmahalfoxtrot.com/?p=1672 "Maxine Steller’s Bombay"] tajmahalfoxtrot.com </ref>
==Also see==
*[[Opium trade]]
==External links==
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=8&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_404.gif Bombay City] Imperial Gazetteer
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20110809024634/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/index.html Maharashtra State Gazette 1986] A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects. Now an archived website.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150810061424/http://www.mumbainet.com/template1.php?CID=15&SCID=5 History of Mumbai] A brief yet informative history covering key people and events during European settlement and post Independence, now an archived webpage.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.
*[http://www.cntraveller.in/story/these-mumbai-cemeteries-tell-a-story-of-the-citys-multicultural-past/ "These Mumbai cemeteries tell a story"] by Prasad Ramamurthy August 30, 2016 cntraveller.in
*Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/ Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]
*[https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/lema/gallery/india.html Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive.
*[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1500_1599/bombay/bombay.html Bombay] from [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/malabar/malabar.html From the Gulf of Cambay on down the Malabar Coast, c.1700's-1850's: ports (with forts)] from Prof Fran Pritchett’s [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routes/index.html#dates Indian Routes] (Columbia University).
*[http://cscs.res.in/dataarchive/textfiles/textfile.2008-10-16.1619148231/file "Bombay: A Colonial Port in Search of Business"] by Amar Farooqui. cscs.res.in. First chapter of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui 2006, available at the British Library UIN: BLL01013423658 .
*[http://homegrown.co.in/hidden-history-the-forgotten-stories-behind-12-of-mumbais-forts/ Hidden History: The Forgotten Stories Behind 12 Of Mumbai’s Forts] June 29, 2015. homegrown.co.in
*From Bombay To Mumbai: A Journey Through Postcards [http://mumbaimag.com/postcards-from-bombay-to-mumbai-a-journey-through-photographs/ Part 1], [http://mumbaimag.com/from-bombay-to-mumbai-a-journey-through-postcards-part-2/ Part 2], [http://mumbaimag.com/from-bombay-to-mumbai-a-journey-through-postcards-part-3 Part 3] by Rushikesh Kulkarni c November 2012 mumbaimag.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130415012108/http://housing.co.in/blog/2013/04/11/from-bombay-to-mumbai-in-pictures/ From Bombay to Mumbai – In Pictures]. ‘Then’ and ‘now’ photographs. April 11, 2013 housing.co.in, now archived.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140713075234/http://thevoiceofthezamorin.blogspot.in/2012/12/the-origin-of-bombay-street-names.html The Origin of Bombay Street Names] “The voice of the Zamorin” 22 July 2013, now archived.
*[http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/onmyplate/entry/how-bombay-gave-india-its-weekend-breaks-and-holidays "How Bombay gave India its weekend breaks and holidays"] by Vikram Doctor January 14, 2013 ''The Economic Times''
*[http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/untoldlives/2013/01/forbes-and-company-one-of-the-oldest-businesses-in-the-world.html Forbes & Company - one of the oldest businesses in the world still in business] was established by a Scot in Bombay in 1767. British Library-Untold Lives 18 January 2013
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131042/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120805/jsp/opinion/story_15808694.jsp "A Tale of Two Buildings - Bombay’s splendid edifices"] by Malavika Karlekar August 5, 2012 ''The Telegraph Calcutta'', now an archived webpage. The University of Bombay: University Hall opened in 1874 and the Rajabai Clock Tower completed in 1878
*[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WATSON’S-ESPLANADE-HOTEL.jpg#/media/File:WATSON’S-ESPLANADE-HOTEL.jpg Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] c 1865 painting. Wikimedia.org.
*[http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/vim0PsB8bW75gL0GQFEkaK/Mumbai-Multiplex--The-line-starts-here.html "Mumbai Multiplex : The line starts here"] by Supriya Nair 4 January 2013. livemint.com "The ‘heritage wing’ of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus is a railway enthusiast’s dream", with a slideshow of images.
*[http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/the-best-story-113030900269_1.html The BEST <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bus<nowiki>]</nowiki> Museum] by Ranjita Ganesan. Business Standard March 9, 2013. BEST originally stood for Bombay Electric Supply and Tramways which was Bombay’s oldest transport service provider.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Explosion_(1944) Bombay Explosion 1944] Wikipedia and [https://web.archive.org/web/20140710072759/http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/bomEx.html Explosion in Bombay 14 April 1944] Merchantnavyofficers.com, now archived. The book ''Bombay Explosion'' by John Ennis 1959 is available at the [[British Library]] UIN: BLL01001144858 . American title: ''The Great Bombay Explosion''.
*[https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4013coll8/id/2732 World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library

====Maps====
*[https://www.loc.gov/item/2015588078/ Map of the native town of Bombay, completed to 1855] Library of Congress.
*Rootsweb Historical Maps of India (by Ian Poyntz)
**[http://sites.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg Bombay 1893]
**[http://sites.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay 1909]
**[http://sites.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1924.jpg Bombay 1924]

====Historical images online====
*[http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-RCMS-00085/1 Panorama of Bombay] c 1837 “taken from the top of Sir Jenisedjie Jeejeebhoy's house - drawn and coloured on the spot by T. Wingate” University of Cambridge Digital Library.

====Historical books online====
*[https://archive.org/details/angloportuguesen00khaniala ''Anglo Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay 1660-1677''] by Shafaat Ahmad Khan 1922. Archive.org
*[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/JQU5IHNH6UGILO5L3VB662KPJHNTRGDF ''A new account of East-India and Persia : : in eight letters being nine years travels, begun 1672 and finished 1681''] by John Fryer 1698 London. Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek. Includes Bombaim [Bombay].
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=NmpCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR4 ‪ ''A Voyage to Suratt: In the Year, 1689'']‬ by John Ovington. Chaplain to his Majesty. 1696 Google Books. Includes Bombay.
:[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.79805 ''A Voyage To Surat In The Year 1689''] by John Ovington, edited by H G Rawlinson, with commentary, 1929 Archive.org. Some words may be missing due to the scanning. [https://archive.org/details/voyagetosuratiny00jovi/page/n7/mode/2up 1994 reprint of the 1929 edition] Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/bombayinthedayso011731mbp/page/n11/mode/2up ''Bombay in the days of Queen Anne being an Account of the Settlement''] by John Burnell. Printed for the Hakluyt Society, Second Series Volume LXXII 1933. Written c 1709-1710. Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=-jNagGDT-PsC&pg=PA183 "Bombay"] ''A new account of the East Indies, Volume 1'', page 183 by Alexander Hamilton 1744 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=CotCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1 ''A voyage to the East Indies with observations on various parts there''] by John Henry Grose 1757 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=RrA2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP7 ''A voyage to the East Indies: containing authentic accounts of... the viceroyalties of the Decan and Bengal, with their several subordinate dependances ... With general reflections on the trade of India, Volume 1''] by John Henry Grose, New Edition 1772 Google Books (Also [http://books.google.com/books?id=pLA2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP11 Volume 2]). Archive.org version may have extra illustrations [https://archive.org/details/voyagetoeastindi01gros Volume 1] ([https://archive.org/details/voyagetoeastindi02grosiala Volume 2])
*[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jCBhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP9 ''Travels, in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, during a series of thirty years and upwards''] by John MacDonald, 1790. Google Books. Pages 154-278 cover the time the author (born 1741) spent In India, mostly in Bombay, as a servant c late 1760s/early 1770s. Republished in 1927 under the title ''Memoirs of an eighteenth-century footman, John Macdonald : Travels (1745-1779)''. [http://name.umdl.umich.edu/004857217.0001.000 A transcription] ECCO-TPC umich.edu.
*[http://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/werkansicht/?PPN=PPN66359457X&PHYSID=PHYS_0103 "A Description of some of the Artificial Caverns in the Neighbourhood of Bombay"] digital page 103 (actual page 83) ''A Concise Account Of The Climate, Produce, Trade, Government, Manners, and Customs, Of The Kingdom Of Pegu'' by W. Hunter A.M. Surgeon. Calcutta printed, reprinted London 1789 Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek
*''Selections from the Letters, Despatches, and Other State Papers preserved in the Bombay Secretariat: Home Series'' edited by Sir George Forrest 1887 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/bombaysecretar01forruoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 1]. Includes Selections from the Bombay Letters 1677-1742. [http://www.archive.org/stream/bombaysecretar02forruoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 2] includes selections from the Bombay Diaries 1720-1788
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 ''The Bombay Church or, A true account of the building and finishing the English church at Bombay''] by Richard Cobbe 1766 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/originbombay00cunhgoog#page/n3/mode/2up ''The Origin of Bombay''] by J. Gerson da Cunha 1900 Archive.org. There is no Contents page. [http://www.archive.org/stream/originbombay00cunhgoog#page/n243/mode/2up Chapter V The Early British Period (from 1661), page 239], [http://www.archive.org/stream/originbombay00cunhgoog#page/n329/mode/2up Chapter VI the Later British Period (from 1700), page 324], [http://www.archive.org/stream/originbombay00cunhgoog#page/n371/mode/2up Index].
*[https://archive.org/details/honourablecompan0000bell/page/n7 ''Honourable Company''] by Margaret Bellasis 1953. Archive.org Lending Library. Bombay and the Bellasis family. John Bellasis (1743-1808) went to Bombay in 1768 as an Ensign of Artillery. He rose to Commander-in Chief, Bombay.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books. [http://www4.wlv.ac.uk/btw/authors/1057 Maria Graham] ''British Travel Writing''.
*[https://archive.org/details/bombayindaysofge00drewrich ''Bombay in the days of George IV : memoirs of Sir Edward West, Chief Justice of the King's Court during its conflict with the East India Company, with hitherto unpublished documents''] by by F. Dawtrey Drewitt 1907 Archive.org. Sir Edward West arrived in Bombay in February 1823 and died there in 1828.
*''Western India in 1838'' by Mrs Postans [Marianne] 1839. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BHYEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume I], [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BXYEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP11 Volume II] Google Books. [http://www4.wlv.ac.uk/btw/authors/1113 Marianne Postans] ''British Travel Writing''. Born 1811, she was married to Thomas Postans, an officer in the Bombay Native Infantry.
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.41561/page/384/mode/2up Bombay in June 1842] page 384 ''Australia and the East: Being a Journal Narrative of a Voyage to New South Wales in an Emigrant ship with A residence of some Months in Sydney and the Bush, and the Route home by way of India and Egypt in the year 1841 and 1842'' by John Hood 1843 Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=H4cIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Sketches of India: with notes on the seasons, scenery and society of Bombay, Elephanta, and Salsette''] by Henry Moses MD 1850 Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=dt0wAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP7 ''Life in Bombay, and the neighbouring out-stations''] by James Gray 1852 Google Books. Also available [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000059DC0 British Library Digital Collection version], where the pages, including images, are rotatable.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=_w0_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government No I New Series: On the Supply of Water to Bombay''] 1854 Google Books
*[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TA9eAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP9 ''An Exposure of the Haunts of Infamy and Dens of Vice in Bombay. Collected from facts''] by Michael Kirwan Joyce, late Bombay Police Force. 1854 Google Books
*''Chow-Chow; being selections from a journal kept in India, Egypt and Syria'' by Amelia Cary 1857 Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=avhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume I], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=bvhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP11 Volume II]. The author was the wife of Lord Falkland the Governor of Bombay 1848-1853
*[https://archive.org/details/ourrealdangerini00forj ''Our real danger in India''] by C Forjett, late Commissioner of Police of Bombay c 1877. Archive.org. Includes the author’s views on the causes of the [[Indian Mutiny]] and his part in the preventative and precautionary measures taken in Bombay during the Mutiny.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India: Being an Account of the Three Presidencies, and of the Overland Route; intended as a guide for Travellers, Officers and Civilians. Part II Bombay''] by Edward B. Eastwick, published by John Murray 1859 Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org
*''Bombay and Western India: a Series of Stray Papers'' by James Douglas 1893 [http://www.archive.org/stream/bombaywesternind01doug#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 1], [http://www.archive.org/stream/bombaywesternind02doug#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 2] Archive.org
:[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of Old Bombay and Western India, with other Papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/charmofbombayant00kark ''The Charm of Bombay, an Anthology of Writings in Praise of the First City in India''] edited by R P Karkaria 1915 Archive.org.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/risebombayaretr00edwagoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''The Rise of Bombay: A Retrospect''] by SM Edwardes 1902 Archive.org [http://www.archive.org/stream/risebombayaretr00edwagoog#page/n388/mode/2up Index]. Reprinted from Volume X of the ''Census of India Series 1901''
*[http://archive.org/stream/shellsfromsands00wach#page/n3/mode/2up ''Shells from the sands of Bombay; being my recollections and reminiscences, 1860-1875''] by Sir D E Wacha 1920. With some illustrations. [https://archive.org/details/ldpd_7008467_000 Alternative file] where images may be easier to view. Archive.org.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/financialchapter00wachuoft#page/n3/mode/2up ''A Financial Chapter in the History of Bombay City 1864-65''] by Dinsha Edulji Wacha 2nd Edition 1910 Archive.org. Includes the failure of the Bank of Bombay.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/risegrowthofbomb00wachiala#page/n1/mode/2up ''Rise and Growth of Bombay Municipal Government''] by D. E. Wacha 1913 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/visitorsillustr00pindgoog#page/n2/mode/2up ''Visitors’ Illustrated Guide to Bombay''] by D. A. Pinder 1904 Archive.org
*A collection of photographs from [http://digital.lib.uh.edu/collection/p15195coll29 ''India Illustrated: Being a Collection of Pictures of the Cities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, Together with a Selection of the Most Interesting Buildings and Scenes throughout India''], published by Bennett, Coleman, & Co., publishers of the English language newspaper ''Times of India'', c 1905. University of Houston Digital Library.
*''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org
*''The Times of India Directory'', published in Bombay.
:See [[Directories online#The Times of India Directory|Directories online - The Times of India Directory]] for publications 1897 and 1932-1954.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/electricityinind00bomb#page/n7/mode/2up ''Electricity in India , being a history of the Tata Hydro- Electric Project with notes on the Mill Industry in Bombay''], edited by SM Rutnagur 1912 Archive.org.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=SJ4EAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''The Bombay Builder: an illustrated journal of engineering architecture, science & art Volume 1''] 1865 Google Books
*''The Bombay Miscellany'', a monthly magazine [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=b60IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 Volume 1, November 1860-April 1861], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZrQIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 Volume 4, May to October 1862] Google Books
*[http://archive.org/stream/bycullaclub1833100shepuoft#page/n10/mode/1up ''The Byculla Club 1833-1916, A History''] by Samuel T Sheppard 1916 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024157954 ''Bombay place-names and street-names : an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel T Sheppard 1917 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.1359/page/n1/mode/2up ''Bombay''] by Samuel T Sheppard 1932. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India. Historical aspects.
*[https://archive.org/details/1927000a ''Army and Navy Guide to Bombay''] Archive.org. Incorrectly catalogued 1927, as this is a WW2 era publication aimed at visiting soldiers on recreational leave. Page 65 includes a 1942 date, which is probably the date of publication. Format is as a series of images, not the usual book format.
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/615773-history-of-the-archdiocese-of-bombay-india ''History of the Archdiocese of Bombay, India'' [Roman Catholic<nowiki>]</nowiki>] by H Comes SJ c 1964. FamilySearch Digital Library. You need to be signed in to [[FamilySearch]] to view the book.
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=oKAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA281 The cantonment at Colaba Bombay] , page 281 ''Army Medical Department: Report for the Year 1862'' Google Books
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/444/mode/2up Bombay] page 445 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]

Bombay Railways & Stations

2021-03-17T08:36:40Z

PEA-2292: Created page with "<big><big><big>Bombay Railways & Stations</big></big></big> ==<big><big>Bombay Railways</big></big>== Two major Railways operated into Bombay:- * ‘Bombay, Baroda and Cen..."

<big><big><big>Bombay Railways & Stations</big></big></big>

==<big><big>Bombay Railways</big></big>==
Two major Railways operated into Bombay:-
* ‘[[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]’(BB&CIR)
* ‘[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]’(GIPR)

==<big><big>Bombay Stations</big></big>==
The following Stations are detailed on separate pages:-
* [[Bombay_Central_Station_BB%26CIR| 'Bombay Central Station']]
* [[Bombay_Churchgate_HQ_and_Station_BB%26CIR| 'Bombay Churchgate Station']]
* [[Bombay_Victoria_Terminus_Construction_Railway| 'Bombay Victoria Station']]

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Railway Architecture]]

Pondicherry Railway

2021-03-16T09:20:22Z

PEA-2292: 'Spelling Note' added; ‘Company’ Heading and paragraphs added.

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|route= [[Pondicherry]] to Gingee River Bridge (near Chinnababusamudram
|gauge1= Metre gauge
|gauge1details= 7.5 miles (1905)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date=
|timeline1details=
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|presidency= [[Madras]]
|stations= [[Pondicherry]]
|system1date= 1907
|system1details= [[South Indian Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|auxillary forces=
}}

[[File:Pondicherry Railway.png|right|600px|'''Pondicherry Railway''']]
The '''Pondicherry Railway''' was a short metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) branch line of 7½ miles (12km) which connected the French enclave of [[Pondicherry]] with the rest of British India at the Gingi/Gingee River bridge where it met the [[South Indian Railway]] [[Pondicherry Branch (SIR)| Pondicherry Branch]], 17 miles(27km)
<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n152/mode/1up "Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 144]; Retrieved 29 Jun 2020</ref>
 The two railways were operated jointly by the [[South Indian Railway]] and when opened in 1879 connected [[Pondicherry]] to the SIR mainline at [[Villupuram]].

The construction of the railway by the ‘Pondicheri Railway Company ‘ (see '''Spelling Note''' and '''Company''' below) was under the supervision of the [[South Indian Railway]] <ref> Southern Railway Heritage Centre "Marvels of the South Indian Railway 1859-1951", pages 15-19 </ref> commenced in Oct 1878. [[Robert White|Mr. White]], the Deputy Chief Engineer to the SIR Company, was appointed to carry out the entire work, both on the French and English sections <ref>British Library ‘India Office Records L/PARL/2/100 “Railways in India for the year 1878-79” by Juland Danvers , Government Director of the Indian Railways’-– presented to both Houses of Parliament’ by HM Command. Extract from Annual Report 1878-79; Para 6 </ref>.

The works within the British territory were commenced in April 1879, and the line was opened, with a temporary road laid across the bed of the River Gingi/Gingee on the 15 Dec 1879. The French section, from that river to Pondicherry, was commenced in Oct 1878, and completed in June 1879, being opened for traffic simultaneously with the South Indian portion of the line
<ref>British Library ‘India Office Records L/PARL/2/100 “Railways in India for the year 1879-80” by Juland Danvers , Government Director of the Indian Railways’-– presented to both Houses of Parliament’ by HM Command. Extract from Annual Report 1879-80; Para 12 </ref>.Thus simultaneously with the SIR [[Pondicherry Branch (SIR)| Pondicherry Branch]] so when opened in 1879 connected [[Pondicherry]] to the SIR mainline at [[Villupuram]]. The line was maintained and worked by the SIR under the management of the SIR Agent which had remained at the original [[Negapatam]]. The joint Agent finally moved to [[Trichinopoly]] in 1880 <ref> Southern Railway Heritage Centre "Marvels of the South Indian Railway 1859-1951", pages 15-19 </ref>.

'''Spelling Note''' – Pondicheri spelling was used when the Company was established. The spelling soon changed to Pondicherry

== Pondicherry Railway Company ==
The following is recorded in a 1931 Court Record <ref>[https://indiankanoon.org/doc/951561/?_cf_chl_jschl_tk__=4c69b84af8159d44d6a389d38e7b04871851c01c-1615884574-0-AfLwMfa9hoOqGGA2W7CicMp0miEeJfypIx_Mx3ql_JR711SESFLaBuGYk9wqWkA44UkJbB6O2U37Hyw28lyA863CEDw0Lakj7cNDQ0_AryDTKpEsLGEha3D0A6PJMazxgx03bEZcQJPt5sNOfKKtBZaKZRDDbbXx65onOLkqo9LKATIicYl9SZEz7JJdDnj_sEto7dXuyM5CKLo37qAjKLBq6vFqiCoHiahI0baIeXdOrzN3m4Nc50wvFGKTfSr5B7UrxHwHhwNdJIcRPBci3qsw2DghgM1yFaBlxQyMiBJlFjAHGcLFV-ASV1mKMgOyZcVpnoTmzCPEmiuacA9RkIgLltwhl3kGETDrkNfHIas19uzXJAoMyXDv1Sm8kop_eEXg2DGP469LJudTmYvc4IY “The Pondicherry Railway Company vs The Commissioner Of Income-Tax on 26 March, 1931” Bench: J Macmillan, Salvesen, G Lowndes. Paras 5 and 6]; Retrieved 16 Mar 2021</ref>:-.
 The Pondicherry Railway Company Limited was incorporated in the United Kingdom in 1869 under the British Joint Stock Companies Acts for the purpose of constructing a railway in French Colony of Pondicherry. The registered office of the company has always been in London. In the year 1878 the company entered into a convention with the Minister of Marine and Colonies acting on behalf of the French Colony of India, whereby a concession was granted to the company to construct and work a line of railway from the landing pier at Pondicherry to a junction with the South Indian Railway at the frontier of the French territory. The duration of the convention was fixed at ninety-nine years and the company thereby undertook to construct and work the proposed railway, or to cause the same to be constructed and worked, and assumed various obligations in regard to it. In consideration of the company's engagements the French Minister undertook to pay to the company in instalments a subsidy of 1,264,375 francs and to provide the requisite land free of charge. The convention further provided as follows:
 The Company undertakes on its part to make over to the Colonial Government during the whole duration of the concession one half of the net profits which shall be arrived at by deducting from the gross receipts the rates and taxes of every kind chargeable to the Company as well as the amount expended in the purchase or hire of rolling stock, the expenditure relating to the maintenance and repair of the lines, of fixed plant and rolling stock ; expenses of working and administration; as well as such sums, if any, as with the consent of the Colonial Government may be placed to reserve to the costs of heavy repairs of the works of the railway and for the renewal of the 'material.' But this division shall not commence until after deduction by the Company of a sum of one hundred and fifty-seven thousand five hundred francs (157,500 francs) from the aggregate amount of the net profits during the first years of the working of the line; and this by way of reimbursement for the expenses of administration for which the Company has made itself liable.

The company duly constructed the projected line of railway, which was entirely situated in French territory, and effected the junction at the frontier with the system of the South Indian Railway. As empowered in the convention with the French Minister the company entered into an agreement dated March 25,1879, with the South Indian Railway Company Limited, where by the latter undertook to work, manage and maintain the Pondicherry Railway. The agreement in force between the two railway companies at the time of the assessments in question was dated December 30, 1890.
 The working agreement in the present case is on simple lines. The South Indian Company undertakes to work the Pondicherry line "as if it were an integral part of their undertaking " and from time to time to pay the gross receipts of the line " into such Government Treasury in India as the Secretary of State may prescribe." It is then provided that "out of the gross receipts of the Pondicherry line there shall be deducted and retained by the South Indian Company for working expenses the same percentage of gross receipts as the traffic of the South Indian Company, including therein the Pondicherry line, -is from time to time worked at." After deduction of this percentage for working expenses from gross receipts " the balance shall be ascertained and...shall be paid over every six months by the South Indian Company to the Pondicherry Company in India in rupees," Provision is made for dividing between the two companies on a mileage basis the gross receipts from through traffic.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Foreign Railways]]

Calcutta

2021-03-14T16:49:39Z

PEA-2292: 'Transport Links' info added

{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency=[[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal]]
|image= Howrah Station view 106.jpg
|coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=22.572625,88.363893&z=8&t=h&hl=en 22.572625°N, 88.363893°E]
|altitude= 9 m (30 ft)
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta Kolkata]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal West Bengal]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= [[East Indian Railway]] (Howrah) [[Bengal-Nagpur Railway]] [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]] (Sealdah) [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] (Sealdah) [[Calcutta Port Commissioners' Railway]] [[Arrah-Sasaram Light Railway]] [[Barasat-Basirhat Light Railway]] [[Futwah-Islampur Light Railway]] [[Howrah-Amta Light Railway]] [[Howrah-Sheakhalla Light Railway]]
''See page'' '''[[Calcutta Railways & Stations]]''' ''for details''
}}
{{Places of Interest|title=Calcutta |name=Calcutta|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211401480495186034184.0004b9536bac950652e90&ie=UTF8&t=m&z=14&vpsrc=1}}

'''Calcutta''' (present day '''Kolkata''') is a large city in north-east India. Calcutta was the headquarters of the Government of the [[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal Presidency]]. It was also the capital of British India until [[Delhi]] became the capital on 12th December 1911. The city had a large European mercantile community.

== Spelling Variants ==
Modern name: Kolkata 
Variants: Calcutta, Kulkuttu 

==FIBIS resources==
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=973&s_id=294 FIBIS database: Percy-Smith/Bullock papers Graves and Monuments] contains some entries from the "Church of Our Lady of Delores, Baithakhana, Calcutta and Surah Cemetary. Hand written transcript taken and rearranged from 'The Registers & Inscriptions of the Church of Our Lady etc. by Rev H. Hosten Calcutta 1915", refer [[Calcutta#Churches and missions| Churches and missions, Roman Catholic, below]]. This church was founded in 1810 and some of the records date back to that early period. Entries were noted in [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=1620&s_id=973 Inscriptions Volume 1], but it is not known if there are additional entries in other volumes
*[http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Category:Calcutta_images Images of Calcutta in Fibiwiki collection]
*"Eliza Fay: New Aspects" by David Atkinson ''FIBIS Journal Number 24 (Autumn 2010)'', pages 1-11. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]].
*"The Imhoff Inheritance" by Pippa Milnamow ''FIBIS Journal Number 27 (Spring 2012''), pages 3-13. Includes details of Belvedere House, now the National Library.

== Military history ==
[[Battle of Calcutta]] 1757 [[:Category:3rd Carnatic War|3rd Carnatic War]]

== Location ==
Calcutta is now known as Kolkata in modern day India and is situated at 22°33′N, 88°20′E in the Ganges Delta.

==Places of interest==
[[Image:Calcutta map 1862 .jpg|thumb|250px|Calcutta in 1862]]
==== The Maidan ====
The site of [[Fort William]], the Maidan was (and still is) the centre of Calcutta. It was bounded on the west side by the Hooghly River and the Strand Road, and on the east side by Chowringhi Road. Government House, the Governor's residence, was at the north end of the Maidan and Belvedere, the residence of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, was near the southern end.

==== Eden Gardens====
The Eden Gardens were started by Lord Auckland's sisters and are beautifully laid out. They were the main gathering place of Calcutta Society in the time of the British Raj. They are also the home of India's oldest cricket ground, the Calcutta Cricket Club, and have a lake which was the home of the [http://www.calcuttarowingclub.co.in/about.php Calcutta Rowing Club]. Beside the lake is a Burmese Pagoda brought from [[Prome]] and set up in 1856. There were many statues in the Gardens. [http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=File:Eden_Gardens._Calcutta.JPG Calcutta Eden Gardens ]Links to a postcard of Eden Gardens in the [http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Category:Images Fibiwiki images collection]

==Churches and missions==
Images of Churches can be found in [http://gallery.fibis.org/index.php?/category/4 FIBIS Gallery], [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_image_search.php FIBIS Database] and [http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php/Category:Church_images Fibiwiki]

'''Anglican'''
*St James Church - see ''[[FIBIS Journal]] 5'', "The Man Who Built St James Calcutta"
*St John's Cathedral Church - consecrated 1787. - (for links to some digital images and transcriptions of church registers see external links below).
*St Paul's Cathedral - completed in 1847.
*St Peter's Church, [[Fort William]] - built 1828. [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000004042u00000000.html 1835 Watercolour] (British Library). [http://www.flickr.com/photos/photohistorytimeline/4517308383/in/set-72157612613850222/ Photograph c 1850] (flickr.com)
*[http://archive.org/stream/thackersguidetoc00firm#page/69/mode/1up St Thomas’ Church], part of the [[Orphans|Free School]] , completed 1831
*'Old' Mission Church - see article in ''[[FIBIS Journal]] 7'', includes a list of graves. Also see [http://asiaticus.blogspot.co.uk/2012/06/kiernanders-church.html Kiernander's Church] asiaticus.blogspot.co.uk.
*St Stephen's, Kidderpore. Photographs: Kidderpore Church: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/23268776@N03/3166127172/ 2008] (flickr.com)
* The contact details for the Church of North India in Calcutta is given in the website of the [http://cnicalcutta.org/ Diocese of Calcutta, CNI]
<gallery>
File:St James Calcutta - Exterior View October 2010.jpg|Exterior View of St James Church
File:Pulpit St James Calcutta Oct 2010.jpg|Pulpit at St James Church
File:Interior St James Calcutta Oct 2010.jpg|Interior View of St James Church
File:Altar St James Calcutta Oct 2010.jpg|Altar of St James Church
File:Earliest Vicars St James Calcutta.jpg|Early Vicars of St James Church
File:Font St James calcutta.jpg|Font of St James Church
</gallery>

[[Image:RC Church Dhurrumtollah St Calcutta.jpg|thumb|300px|Roman Catholic Church, Dhurrumtollah Street, Calcutta]]
'''Roman Catholic'''
*RC Cathedral (Virgin Mary of the Rosary) - built 1797. Also known as the Portuguese Church, it was located in the area called Murgihatta (Murghihatta, now Murgighata). <ref>"Shortly after the English came, the Portuguese who were the only people who kept fowls, were allotted a quarter which came to be designated as Murgihatta". Comment by A K Roy [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=0RrOpM9L5xMC&pg=PA31 page 31] ''Calcutta Mosaic: Essays and Interviews on the Minority Communities of Calcutta'' Google Books</ref>
*St Patrick's Chapel, [[Fort William]] - built 1857
*St Theresa - built 1893
*St Thomas' Church - (Middleton Row). Begun in 1841, adjacent to the Convent of Our Lady of Loreto
*Church of Our Lady of Dolours, Boitakhana (Baithakhana), founded in 1810, as a Portuguese mission church. The address of the Church was 147 Bipin Behari Ganguly Street (Old Bowbazar Street). It is situated quite close to the Sealdah Station, and near the Railway Barracks where most of the Anglo Indian who were employed by the Railway lived.<ref>Munro, George [Joyce] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210021919/https://mlarchives.rootsweb.com/listindexes/emails?listname=india&thread=7731504 Entally] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 1 December 2004, archived.</ref> A book was published in 1915 in Calcutta ''The Registers & Inscriptions of the Church of Our Lady of Dolours, Baithakhana (1810-1914)'' by [https://web.archive.org/web/20170126052141/http://www.goethals.in/collections/felixrajarticles/Hhosten.htm Fr H Hosten]. A copy of this book is available in Calcutta at the [http://www.goethals.in/default.htm Goethals Indian Library] category Various Indian Missions subcategory Portuguese Jurisdiction, reference Id : 38L/135. At least some of the records appear in the [[Calcutta#FIBIS resources|FIBIS database, refer above]], but it is suspected that only some of the records were copied by Percy-Smith and Bullock. From copies of baptismal records obtained from the Church in the 1960s, and held by the FIBIS research co-ordinator, it would appear that some of the registers in the 1800s were noted in Portuguese.
:[https://web.archive.org/web/20151009030439/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060415/asp/calcutta/story_6095119.asp "Non-Christians in church flock"] April 15, 2006. telegraphindia.com, now an archived webpage. Article about Our Lady of Dolours.
*[http://www.goethals.in/GoethalNews/2008Apr-JunGNews.htm Catholic <nowiki>[</nowiki>and other<nowiki>]</nowiki> Heritage Churches of Calcutta] goethals.in
*[http://www.archdioceseofcalcutta.in/archdiocese.html The <nowiki>[</nowiki>Catholic<nowiki>]</nowiki> Archdiocese of Calcutta] with [http://www.archdioceseofcalcutta.in/contact.html contact details]

'''Other denominations'''
*St Andrew's Church of Scotland - opened 1818. [http://www.standrewschurchkolkata.in Website for St Andrew’s Church] with contact details. Previously the website advised that the church holds the Scottish Cemetery Burial Register from its inception in 1826 and Baptism and Marriage Registers of St Andrew's Church, Kolkata and for small fee would search and provide a copy of an extract. St Andrew's also holds the Baptism and Marriage Registers and some other documents for Church of Scotland cantonment Churches throughout India, Ceylon, Burma and some Gulf stations.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130923172221/http://standrewschurch-kolkata.org/index.html Previous Home page] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20130926204733/http://standrewschurch-kolkata.org/archive.html Archive] St. Andrew's Church. Retrieved 28 October 2014</ref> Note however this wording no longer appears. It is believed the St. Andrew's Church burial registers (11 volumes) may have been digitised some years ago, (possibly when restoration work was done by INTACH in 2013-14) but currently (2019/01) they are not known to be available online. In the past a researcher reported a lack of response to emails, so a personal visit may be necessary. Note also that this church is now part of the [Anglican/Protestant] Church of North India, refer above.
*Greek Church - established 1780.
*Holy Church of Nazareth ([[Armenian]]) - built in 1724. Dr. Reuben Khachaturyan/Liz Chater have transcribed all the baptisms at this church. They can be viewed on the [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=195&s_id=126 FIBIS database]. Liz also has many photos of graves at the Nazareth Church on [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~chaterfamilytree/ her website].

'''Missions'''
*Church Mission Society
*Free Church of Scotland - started in 1830
*London Missionary Society
*Oxford Mission - Church of England
*Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (Anglican)

'''External links'''
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4ouPZuUsfw Churches and Cathedrals of India Part V - Eastern India] by 'ChurchesofIndia' on You Tube includes Calcutta
*[http://www.virtualserampore.org/ Virtual Serampore]. Includes links to the Calcutta [Baptist] Mission including the Lal Bazaar Chapel, now known as tha Carey Baptist Church
*[http://rangandatta.wordpress.com/2012/12/19/calcutta-kolkata-churches Calcutta (Kolkata) Churches] Blog by Rangan Datta , December 19, 2012

===Non-Christian places of worship===
As well as the temples and mosques that served the general Indian populace, Calcutta also housed:
*Parsi temple
*Synagogue
*Chinese temple

===Cemeteries===
See [[Cemeteries in Calcutta]]. There is also information about the crematorium.

==Church Records==
*[https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:St._John%27s_Church,_Kolkata_GLAM Digitial images of Church Registers from St John's Church Kolkata] GLAM Wikimedia

==Education==
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=-8KgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA442 "The Educational Establishments of Calcutta Past and Present"] - article in the ''Calcutta Review'' Volume 13 (January-June 1850), page 442.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=22koAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57 "Reports on Colleges and Schools in India"] , article in the ''Calcutta Review'' Volume 42 1866, page 57
*[http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/cmadge/Old%20Calcutta%20It%27s%20School%20Masters.pdf "Old Calcutta :It’s Schoolmasters"] article in the ''Calcutta Review'' July 1913 held on website of Madge Family of Bengal. Also on [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.20871/2015.20871.The-Calcutta-Review1913#page/n91/mode/2up Archive.org, page 338, 1913, July].

'''Colleges'''
*Bengal School of Art
*Bishop's College, Circular Road - run by the Oxford Mission
*Calcutta Medical College - formerly Bengal Medical College, founded 1835
*Doveton College
*Presidency College

'''Schools'''

Also refer '''[[Orphans#Calcutta|Orphans]]''' and '''[[Calcutta schools c late 1700s]]'''

*Benevolent Institution School - see these two references from [http://books.google.com/books?id=_10pAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133 1818] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=T-HwSiLns14C&pg=PA219 1851]
*[http://www.lmbcal.com/ La Martiniere School] - established 1836 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Martiniere_Calcutta Wikipedia], [http://www.lmgcal.edu.in/history.htm La Martiniere For Girls, Kolkata]. Also see 'Historical books online' below
*St James' School - founded by Bishop Cotton in 1864
*St Lawrence High School
*St Thomas School, Kidderpore - founded 1789 as the [[Orphans#Calcutta|Free School]]
*St. Xavier's Collegiate School - founded by the Jesuits in 1860
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140108152406/http://www.loreto.in:80/LTPV/heritage3.php History of Loreto in India] began in Calcutta. Archived webpage.

==Economy and business==
[[Image:Calcutta - Colootollah Street.jpg|thumb|right|320px|Colootollah street , Calcutta]]
*[http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O105773/tom-raw-visits-taylor-cos-painting-doyly-charles-sir/ Image: Taylor & Co.'s emporium in Calcutta] by Charles D'Oyly (1781 - 1845). Watercolour. Calcutta, India, 1828 Victoria and Albert Museum, London
**The shop in Loll Bazar is described c 1828 from [https://archive.org/stream/tomrawgriffinbur00doylrich#page/92/mode/2up page 92] ''Tom Raw, the Griffin: a burlesque poem, in twelve cantos'', see [[Calcutta#Historical books online|Historical books online, below]]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=yPENAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA9 "Calcutta"] ''Street's Indian and Colonial Mercantile Directory for 1869'', page 9. Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/bengalpastprese01socigoog#page/n56/mode/2up "Old-Time Conveyances in Calcutta"] [the famous Calcutta coach building firm of Steuart & Co.] by Frank Bushby ''Bengal Past and Present, Volume 41, 1931'', pages 138-140 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/bengalpastprese01socigoog#page/n82/mode/2up "A Famous Calcutta Firm: Thacker, Spink & Co."] by Evan Cotton ''Bengal Past and Present, Volume 41, 1931'', pages 157-164 Archive.org
*Articles by Christine Furedy written 1979-1981 www.yorku.ca
**"The Early History of Morrison & Cottle (Private) Ltd., a Producer-Retail Enterprise of Calcutta" by Christine Furedy, ''Bengal Past and Present'', Volume XCVIII, Part I, 1979 [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorku.ca%2Ffuredy%2Fpapers%2Fko%2Fbeng79.doc html version]; [http://www.yorku.ca/furedy/papers/ko/beng79.doc Original Microsoft Word document], a download to your computer, which must then be opened.
** "Pioneers in Leather Goods" by Christine Furedy in B. Sarkar (ed.), ''Capital Book of Nostalgia'', Calcutta, Capital Press, 1980, pp.16-17. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorku.ca%2Ffuredy%2Fpapers%2Fko%2Fpioneer80.doc html version]; [http://www.yorku.ca/furedy/papers/ko/pioneer80.doc Original Microsoft Word document], a download to your computer, which must then be opened.
**"Era of Mail-Order Shopping" "Series of Articles on the History of Retail Trade in Calcutta." ''Capital'', Vol 183, No. 4587, December 24, 1979, pp 4-10. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorku.ca%2Ffuredy%2Fpapers%2Fko%2F3art79.doc html version]; [http://www.yorku.ca/furedy/papers/ko/3art79.doc Original Microsoft Word document], a download to your computer, which must then be opened.
**"Retail Trade in Calcutta: Offshoot from the land of shopkeepers." Capital, Vol 183, No. 4587, December 24, 1979, pp 4-10. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorku.ca%2Ffuredy%2Fpapers%2Fko%2Frtcalcu79.doc html version]; [http://www.yorku.ca/furedy/papers/ko/rtcalcu79.doc Original Microsoft Word document], a download to your computer, which must then be opened.
**"Development of Modern Elite Retailing in Calcutta, 1880-1920" by Christine Furedy ''The Indian Economic and Social History Review, Vol. XVI, No. 4 1980'', pp. 378-394. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorku.ca%2Ffuredy%2Fpapers%2Fko%2Fretailko.doc html version]; [http://www.yorku.ca/furedy/papers/ko/retailko.doc Original Microsoft Word document], a download to your computer, which must then be opened.
**"British Tradesmen of Calcutta 1830-1900: A preliminary study of their economic and political roles" by Christine Furedy in C.B. Sealy (ed.) ''Women Politics and Literature in Bengal'' east Lansing: Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1981, pp. 43-62. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorku.ca%2Ffuredy%2Fpapers%2Fko%2FBTC1830.doc html version]; [http://www.yorku.ca/furedy/papers/ko/BTC1830.doc Original Microsoft Word document], a download to your computer, which must then be opened.
**"Hall & Anderson" by Christine Furedy in B. Sarkar (ed.), ''Capital Book of Nostalgia, Calcutta'', Capital Press, 1981, pp.17-18. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorku.ca%2Ffuredy%2Fpapers%2Fko%2Fhallan81.doc html version]; [http://www.yorku.ca/furedy/papers/ko/hallan81.doc Original Microsoft Word document], a download to your computer, which must then be opened.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=wOu7n7JuuEsC&pg=PA1 "The Calcutta Piano Trade in the Late Eighteenth Century"] by Ian Woodfield from the book ''Music and British Culture, 1785-1914 Essays in Honour of Cyril Ehrlich'' 2000. Google Books.
*[http://double-dolphin.blogspot.com/2015/01/bathgate-co-camac-street-ballygunge.html Bathgate & Co., Camac Street & Ballygunge Circular Road] Bathgate & Co. were the first British chemists in the city of Calcutta, with the Scottish-owned firm starting business in 1811. double-dolphin.com
*[[Calcutta Businesses in 1933]]

==Also see==
*[[Fort William]]
*[[Bengal Pilot Service]]
*[[1864 Calcutta cyclone]]

== External links ==
=====Encyclopedia entries=====
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata Kolkata] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Kolkata History of Kolkata] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maidan_(Kolkata) Maidan (Kolkata)] Wikipedia
*[https://www.ecatholic2000.com/cathopedia/vol3/volthree160.shtml "[Catholic<nowiki>]</nowiki> Archdiocese of Calcutta"] from ''The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 3 1913''. A transcription. ecatholic2000.com
:[https://archive.org/details/V03CatholicEncyclopediaKOfC/page/n183/mode/2up Original publication] Archive.org

=====Maps=====
*[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/colonial/calcuttamaps/calcuttamaps.html Calcutta Maps 1756,1839,1847,1883] from the [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/#fwp website] of Prof. Frances Pritchett, Columbia University
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:4178090?buttons=y Calcutta Map 1832] by J.B. Tassin. Published in Calcutta [http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/maps/digitalmaps/ Harvard Digital Maps] (HOLLIS ID 011490109)
*[http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~21006~530098:Calcutta--Published-under-the-super Calcutta Map 1842] David Rumsey Collection
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:2034408?buttons=y Calcutta Map 1852] Published In London under the superintendence of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge by George Cox. [http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/maps/digitalmaps/ Harvard Digital Maps] (HOLLIS ID 011490122)
*[https://bildsuche.digitale-sammlungen.de/index.html?c=viewer&bandnummer=bsb00001691&pimage=1&v=100&nav=&l=de ''Plan of Calcutta, shewing the latest improvements as existing in 1854 ; with part of the environs, Calcutta, 1854''] by R Smyth. Click through the images of this map for the four quarters, or the direct links are [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001691/image_1 RH top quarter], [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001691/image_2 LH top quarter], [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001691/image_3 RH bottom quarter] [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001691/image_4 LH bottom quarter]. The River Hoogly is on the left hand side of this map. With an alphabetical list of streets. The maps may use a Tiff format. If you can't see them you will need to download a suitable plug-in. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek - Bavarian State Library
*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/maps/asia/ioruxu1226u1854.html ''Plan of Calcutta, shewing the latest improvements as existing in 1854 ; with part of the environs, Calcutta, 1854'']. Published by Samuel Smith & Co for the ''New Bengal Directory''. British Library Online Gallery
*[http://www.oldmapsonline.org/en/Kolkata Old Maps of Kolkata] oldmapsonline.org. Includes links to a number of maps, including some from the British Library’s Online Gallery.
*''Plan of Calcutta from actual survey in the years 1847-1849, revised to 1857'', by Frederick Walter Simms, published 1858. Library of Congress. [http://www.loc.gov/item/2005634004/ Webpage 1] [http://www.loc.gov/resource/g7654c.ct001429/ Webpage 2]
*[http://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/files/Calcutta_1.jpg Sketch of the Environs of Calcutta Circa – 1858] Reduced from Mr Simm’s large Map of the Survey 1847 to 49. Includes Drainage of Calcutta 1857. Survey of India reproduction map.
*Ian Poyntz’ [http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/maps.html#index Historical Maps of India] contains 1893 and 1924 maps of Calcutta, and the environs (Scroll down)
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gaz_atlas_1909/fullscreen.html?object=55 Calcutta Map 1909] Digital South Asia Library,University of Chicago.
*[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&q=&vps=1&jsv=156c&sll=22.570526,88.351815&sspn=0.00959,0.019312&gl=uk&ie=UTF8&geocode=FWZuWAEdd1NEBQ&split=0 Kolkata, Google Maps] Map with many buildings marked
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:4879973?buttons=y A plan of the docks, slips, and dock yard, constructing at Calcutta 1777] by Henry Watson [http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/maps/digitalmaps/ Harvard Digital Maps] (HOLLIS ID 012604436)
*[https://www2.atla.com/digitalresources/summary.asp?componentid=1551&count=17&total=91&pagenumber=2&cl1=ALL Map of Churches and institutions in Calcutta, c 1879]. Use the search terms Keyword =Calcutta; Subject = Maps. From [https://www2.atla.com/digitalresources The Cooperative Digital Resources Initiative of the American Theological Library Association]
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:2015794?buttons=y Calcutta Tramways Company: Route map : Calcutta & Howrah 1910]. [http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/maps/digitalmaps/ Harvard Digital Maps] (HOLLIS ID 011491101)

=====Guides and directories=====
See [[Directories online]] for links to many directories with information on Calcutta.
*[http://www.archive.org/details/handbookbengalp00eastgoog ''Handbook of the Bengal Presidency. With an account of Calcutta City''] by Edward E Eastwick, published by John Murray 1882 Archive.org
*''Thacker's Guide to Calcutta'' (1906) by Rev W.K. Firminger a noted historian. This book gives the historical background of Calcutta, area by area. Read online or download [http://www.archive.org/details/thackersguidetoc00firm Archive.org]
*[http://seasiavisions.library.cornell.edu/catalog/sea:289 ''Tourist guide and shopping list : where to go, what to see, where to shop in Calcutta and Burma''] 1920 Southeast Asia Visions

=====Images=====
*Search the British Library [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/index.html Online Gallery APAC Collection] for Calcutta
*[http://victoriamemorial-cal.org/home/content/en Victoria Memorial Hall, Calcutta] The Memorial is the largest repository in India for a visual history of Calcutta
**[http://www.victoriamemorial-cal.org/calgallery.html The Calcutta Gallery], now an archived webpage, displays the history and development of Calcutta up to 1911, when the capital was moved to Delhi. The gallery also has a life size diorama of the view of the Chitpur road in the late 19th century. Chitpur was then the main business centre, presently known as the Burabazar area. Note, it is unclear whether this Gallery still exists.
**[http://web.archive.org/web/20150705131407/http://www.victoriamemorial-cal.org/cdoyly.html Views of Calcutta and its Environs], now an archived webpage. A series of 28 Lithographs (click to view all) by Sir Charles D'oyly, 1781-1845, published 1848. An amateur artist of superb talent, he served in India between 1803 and 1838
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20151113162116/http://www.victoriamemorial-cal.org/daniells.html Aquatints made by Thomas and William Daniell] in the late eighteenth century, mainly views of Calcutta. Now an archived webpage. There appear to be additional online paintings by the Daniells on the VMH website, in the category "Western Painting".
*A collection of photographs from [http://digital.lib.uh.edu/collection/p15195coll29 ''India Illustrated: Being a Collection of Pictures of the Cities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, Together with a Selection of the Most Interesting Buildings and Scenes throughout India''], published by Bennett, Coleman, & Co., publishers of the English language newspaper ''Times of India'', c 1905. University of Houston Digital Library.
* A collection of [http://canmore.org.uk/collection/1176421 Indian Glass Plates] mainly of Calcutta c 1912 Canmore, Historic Environment Scotland. Includes photographs of buildings lit at night for the Royal visit in 1912, see [[Delhi Durbar#External links|Delhi Durbar - External links]] for details.
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/23268776@N03/sets/72157606492883938 Photographs: Calcutta] An album by DBHKer flickr.com. British Raj era buildings. Includes a present day map indicating where the buildings are located.
*[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1600_1699/calcutta/calcutta.html Calcutta] with images from [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/ Prof. Frances Pritchett’s webpage]
*''Calcutta Faces and Places in Pre-camera Days'' by Wilmont Corfield 1910 [http://www.archive.org/details/calcuttafacespla00corf Archive.org]
*[http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017/d/medren/4913420 Clyde Waddell photograph album of Calcutta, 1945-1946] Penn Libraries, University of Pennsylvania. Clyde Waddell was the personal photographer of Lord Louis Mountbatten who was the Supreme Commander of Allied forces in India–Burma during WW2.<ref>[http://sohamchandra.blogspot.com/2015/06/calcutta-vs-kolkata-revisiting-yanks.html "Calcutta v/s Kolkata ... Revisiting A Yank's Memory"] June 6, 2015 Wunderlust. Retrieved 23 July 2016.</ref>
:[http://www.flickr.com/photos/udayms/sets/72157594177409787/ Calcutta 1947]. Photographs, at least some of which appear to come from the above album, on flickr.com.
*[http://www.greatmirror.com/index.cfm?countryid=563&chapterid=159&picturesize=medium Calcutta] from Great Mirror
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170722053817/http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=288984 Writers' Building, Kolkata] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com, now archived.

=====Other=====
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27917 ''Calcutta, from fort to city: A study of a colonial settlement, 1690-1750''] by Thomas Andrew Mansfield 1 October 2012 Phd thesis, University of Leicester.
*[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/app-brings-kolkatas-history-alive/article7927723.ece '"App brings Kolkata’s history alive'"] by Shiv Sahay Singh November 29, 2015 ''The Hindu''. Install [http://www.time-scape.org Timescape: Kolkata]. Free App, for use in Calcutta.
*[https://www.livehistoryindia.com/lhi-book-club/2021/02/08/robert-ivermee Robert Ivermee on ''Hooghly: The Global History of a River''] Live History India Book Club. Contains a YouTube video (50 minutes). Includes the establishment of Calcutta.
*[http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/black-hole-calcutta The Black Hole of Calcutta] by Richard Cavendish ''History Today Volume 56 Issue 6 2006''. This incident occurred on the night of 20 June 1756 at Fort William.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150912043915/http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/stellent/groups/corporatesite/@msh_publishing_group/documents/web_document/wtd006093.pdf "Town planning and public health in Calcutta in the 18th and 19th centuries"] by Dr Partho Datta ''Wellcome History'' Issue No.22 February 2003, pages 2-4, archived.
*Changed street names, old and new [https://web.archive.org/web/20130810222819/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/roadnamech.shtml Calcuttaweb.com] archived, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160313224317/http://www.cyp.in/showUsefulInformation.asp?useCatid=29&useCatName=Changed%20Street%20Names Calcutta Yellow Pages] archived.
*Articles, with photographs by Dibyendu Banerjee. noisebreak.com. Scroll down for individual entries, and click to expand each entry. There is more than one page of entries for each category.
**[http://noisebreak.com/category/kolkata/churches-synagogues-of-colonial-calcutta/ Churches & Synagogues Of Colonial Calcutta]
**[http://noisebreak.com/category/kolkata/legend-of-the-lost/ Legend Of The Lost] Businesses, including department stores, restaurants, hotels etc , from the past.
**[http://noisebreak.com/category/kolkata/heritage-schools-of-colonial-calcutta/ Heritage Schools Of Colonial Calcutta]
**[http://noisebreak.com/category/kolkata/heritage-clubs-of-calcutta/ Heritage Clubs Of Calcutta]
*[http://double-dolphin.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_27.html Heritage Buildings of Calcutta (Kolkata)] double-dolphin.com
*[http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/apr/10/writers-building-kolkata-history-cities-50-buildings "The Writers' Building, Kolkata"] by Srinath Perur 10 April 2015 theguardian.com
*[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/restoring-value-to-the-currency-building/article6880033.ece "Restoring value to the Currency Building"] by Shiv Sahay Singh February 11, 2015 ''The Hindu''. The Currency Building was built in 1833 for housing the Agra Bank and then the Reserve Bank of India till 1937
*Second World War
**[http://calcutta1940s.org/Frames.html Calcutta 1940’s] Oral history site
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20150919014907/http://www.oldmartiniansassociation.co.uk/documents/POLICINGWARTIMECALCUTTA.pdf Policing Wartime Calcutta <nowiki>[</nowiki>WW2<nowiki>]</nowiki>] by Peter R. Moore oldmartiniansassociation.co.uk, now archived.
**[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/WW2/1093-In-the-Skies-of-Calcutta.html In the Skies of Calcutta : A tribute to Maurice Pring] by Joydeep Sircar. Details the bombing of Calcutta in December 1942 bharat-rakshak.com
**[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/50/a5756150.shtml The bombing of Calcutta by the Japanese] by Katyun Randhawa bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar
**[https://indianvagabond.com/2017/09/04/japanese-air-raids-on-kolkata-during-wwii/amp/ Japanese Air Raids on Kolkata during WWII] indianvagabond.com.
* Kolkata Sports Heritage [http://www.scribd.com/doc/7189569/Kolkata-Sports-Heritage Scribd.com], also available [https://pdfslide.net/documents/kolkata-sports-heritage.html pdfslide.net] and [https://dokumen.tips/documents/kolkata-sports-heritage.html dokumen.tips].
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111012141649/http://www.indiarace.com/TurfClubs/Calcutta/RCTC.htm Royal Calcutta Turf Club] Indiarace.com, archived.
*[http://www.calcuttarowingclub.co.in/about.php Calcutta Rowing Club]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130630133400/http://www.gqindia.com/content/kolkata’s-finest-gentlemen’s-clubs Kolkata’s finest gentlemen’s clubs] by Ashwin Rajagopalan 12 June 2011 gqindia.com, archived.
*[https://www.tollygungeclub.org Tollygunge Club], founded in 1895; [http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/559/559%20belinda%20wright.htm <nowiki>[</nowiki>Memories of<nowiki>]</nowiki> Tollygunge club] by Belinda Wright, probably written 2006; [http://www.flickr.com/photos/46953122@N08/4313864270/ Photograph of the Tollygunge Club, Calcutta: Inside one of the old buildings built during the British Raj] flickr.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922052110/http://www.freemason.com/library/sons01.htm ''The Sons Of Mystery: A Masonic Miscellany From Old Calcutta''] by Pratap Chandra Chunder 1973, archived.
*[http://www.joydiv.org/familygoingback/theatres.htm Empire Theatre and Theatre Royal, Calcutta] joydiv.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151008212851/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111225/jsp/graphiti/story_14923690.jsp "A merry journey: Take a walk down memory lane as we evoke the ghosts of Christmases past" [Calcutta at Christmas<nowiki>]</nowiki>] by Suktara Ghosh and Tania Bhattacharya ''The Telegraph, Calcutta'' 25 December 2011, now an archived webpage.
*[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-2261676/Cliff-Richards-India-How-singers-career-actually-began-Calcutta.html Cliff's Calcutta: How Richard's singing career actually began in the British Raj] by Steve Turner 13 January 2013 dailymail.co.uk. The singer Cliff Richard , born Harry Rodger Webb in 1940 lived in India until the family left (c 1947). Also see [[Anglo Indian]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131031234152/http://www.calcuttatramways.com/history.htm Calcutta Tramways Company Limited] was established in 1880. Archived webpage.

====Historical books online====
Also see
 [[Bengal (Presidency)‎#Historical books online|Bengal (Presidency)]]
 [[Newspapers and journals online]] for many Calcutta publications including the ''[[Calcutta Review]]''
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=9&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_266.gif "Calcutta"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 9'', page 260 c 1909
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=2YCoCwtJd1gC&pg=PA3 "Bengal and Fort William"] , page 1, ''A new account of the East Indies, being the observations and remarks of Capt. Alexander Hamilton, who spent his time there from the year 1688. to 1723. Trading and travelling, by sea and land, to most of the countries and islands of commerce and navigation, between the Cape of Good-Hope, and the Island of Japon'', Volume II 1727 Google Books. [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.39275/2015.39275.A-New-Account-Of-The-East-indies--Vol2#page/n15/mode/2up Archive.org: reprint edition of 1739 edition], (from Digital Library of India).
*''The early annals of the English in Bengal, being the Bengal public consultations for the first half of the eighteenth century, summarised, extracted, and edited with introductions and illustrative addenda'' by Charles Robert Wilson Archive.org. [http://www.archive.org/stream/earlyannalsofeng01wilsuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 1 1704-1710] 1895, [http://www.archive.org/stream/earlyannalsofeng02wilsuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 2 Part 1 1711-1717] 1900
*''The Good Old Days of Honorable John Company; being curious reminiscences illustrating manners and customs of the British in India during the rule of the East India Co. from 1600 to 1858; with brief notices of places and people of those times, &c. &c. &c. Compiled from newspapers and other publications'' by W. H. Carey. Archive.org. These books principally refer to Calcutta.
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/goodolddayshono02caregoog#page/n9/mode/1up Volume 1] 1906 (reprint of original published 1882), [http://www.archive.org/stream/goodolddayshono03caregoog#page/n7/mode/1up Volume 2] 1907 (reprint of original published c 1882-1887), [http://www.archive.org/stream/goodolddaysofhon03careuoft#page/n3/mode/2up Volume 3] 1887
*''Selections from Calcutta Gazettes : showing the political and social condition of the English in India'' Volumes I-III by W S Seton-Karr; Volumes IV-V by Hugh David Sandeman. [https://archive.org/details/selectionsfromca01seto/page/n6 Volume I ''1784-1788''] 1864; [https://archive.org/details/selectionsfromca02setoiala/page/n7 Vol. II ''1789-1797''] 1865; [https://archive.org/details/selectionsfromca03setoiala/page/n6 Vol III ''1798-1805''] 1868; [https://archive.org/details/selectionsfromca04seto/page/n8 Vol IV ''1806-1815''] 1868; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.207229/page/n5 Vol V ''1816-1823''] 1869. Archive.org.
:[Volume VI] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.110351/page/n9 ''The Days of John Company. Selections from Calcutta Gazette, 1824-1832''] Compiled and edited by Shri Anil Chandra Das Gupta 1959. Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.2456/page/n5 ''Selections. The Supplements to the Calcutta Gazettes 1871-1874''] 1874 Archive.org.
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GgRXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA251 "A Genuine Narrative of the Deplorable Deaths of the English Gentlemen, and Others, who were suffocated in the Black-Hole in Fort-William, at Calcutta, in the Kingdom of Bengal, in the Night succeeding the 20th Day of June 1756"], page 251-276 [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GgRXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR1 ''India Tracts''] by Mr Holwell and Friends. Second Edition 1764 Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MeJDAQAAMAAJl&pg=PA313 1794 boundary of Calcutta] page 313 ''Parliamentary Papers: Indian Law Commission: Session 2 February- 24 August 1843'' Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xHYIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP11 ''Asiaticus: in two parts. Part the first, ecclesiastical, chronological, and historical sketches respecting Bengal…''] by [John Hawkesworth] 1803. Google Books [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_00000003577E 1869 Reprint with title ''Calcutta in Days of Yore''] with commentary. British Library Digital Collection.
*''Calcutta in the Olden Times'' Two articles in the Calcutta Review available on Google Books
**''Its Localities'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=cQc2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA275 Calcutta Review Vol 18, July-Dec 1852, p 275]
**''Its People'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=8DMYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA164 Calcutta Review Vol 35, Sept-Dec 1860, p 164]
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=KXYoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Historical and Topographical Sketch of Calcutta''] by H. James Rainey 1876. Englishman Press, Calcutta. Reprinted from ''The Englishman’s Saturday Evening Journal''. A chronological account of events and social matters to 1835. Google Books.
*''Echoes from Old Calcutta: Being Chiefly Reminiscences of the Days of Warren Hastings, Francis and Impey'' by Henry Elmsley Busteed [http://www.archive.org/stream/echoesfromoldca02bustgoog#page/n11/mode/1up 1882 edition]. The 1908 [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6722/page/n3/mode/2up Fourth edition] is much enlarged and this version has correctly rotated images. [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22Echoes+from+Old+Calcutta%22%29&sort=-date Other versions available] Archive.org.
*''Narrative of the Life of a Gentleman Long Resident in India'' by G F Grand. [https://archive.org/details/narrativelifeag00grangoog/page/n6/mode/2up 1814 edition], [https://archive.org/details/narrativeoflifeo00graniala/page/n5/mode/2up 1910 edition] edited , with Notes, for the Calcutta Historical Society by Walter K Firminger. Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofindi00buck/page/174/mode/1up "Grand, George Francois (1748?-1821)"] page 174 ''Dictionary of Indian Biography'' by C E Buckland (Indian Civil Service, retired) 1906 Archive.org. 1766 Bengal Army; 1776 nominated to a writership; 1779 court action involving his wife (see Busteed's book ''Echoes'' immediately above); subsequently divorced and she went to Europe and married Talleyrand; 1782 Collector of Tirhut and promoted the indigo manufacture in Bihar to his own advantage;1788 appointed Judge and Magistrate at Patna, and eventually dismissed.
*''The Early History and Growth of Calcutta'' by Binaya Krishna Deb 1905 [http://www.archive.org/details/earlyhistoryand00debgoog Archive.org]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/calcuttapastpres00blec#page/n7/mode/2up ''Calcutta, Past and Present''] by Kathleen Blechynden 1905 Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/calcuttaoldandn00cottgoog ''Calcutta, Old and New: A Historical & Descriptive Handbook to the City''] by H E A Cotton 1907 Archive.org. Some pages are poorly filmed. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98358 1980 Edition edited by N R Ray Archive.org]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924029787383#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Thackerays in India and some Calcutta graves''] by Sir William Wilson Hunter 1897 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/ritchiesinindiae00ritc/page/n7/mode/2up ''The Ritchies in India; extracts from the correspondence of William Ritchie, 1817-1862; and personal reminiscences of Gerald Ritchie''] compiled and edited by Gerald Ritchie 1920 Archive.org. William Ritchie was of the Calcutta Bar and Inner Temple, Member of the Council of the Governor-general, appointed Advocate-General c 1856 and twenty years resident in Calcutta, who died March 22, 1862, age 45. His mother was a Thackeray. Gerald Ritchie was a Bengal Civilian 1875-1901.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=MvgFbfjoUx8C&pg=PR8 ''The history, design, and present state of the religious, benevolent and charitable institutions, founded by the British in Calcutta and its vicinity''] by Charles Lushington 1824 Google Books
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3584 ''Some Account of Endowments and Institutions in connection with the Diocese and Archdeaconry of Calcutta''] by John H. Pratt, M. A., Archdeacon of Calcutta 1865. Archive.org, mirror from Central Secretariat Library, Government of India. Catalogue title includes ''Inntitution''. Includes details of some schools in other areas.
*[https://archive.org/details/b22274777/mode/2up ''Notes on the medical topography of Calcutta''] by James Ranald Martin, Presidency Surgeon 1837 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/b21949086/page/n5/mode/2up/ ''Official report on the medical topography and climate of Calcutta : with brief notices of its prevalent diseases, endemic and epidemic''] by James Ranald Martin, Presidency Surgeon 1839 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/b28988048/mode/2up ''Extracts from the topography and vital statistics of Calcutta : embracing observations on these subjects formed at different periods, and officially submitted to the local authorities''] by F P Strong, Surgeon 24-Pergunnahs. A collection, published c 1849, of previously published papers in journals noted on the book webpage, written from 1828 to 1848, but not in chronological order. Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/recollectionsofc00massiala#page/n5/mode/2up ''Recollections of Calcutta for over half a century''] by Montague Massey 1918 Archive.org
*''Calcutta in the 19th Century'' by P Thankappan Nair contains extracts by many authors. The contents is digital page 10, and the index is digital page 1028. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.47382 Archive.org], mirror from Digital Library of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32155 ''Old Calcutta Cameos''] by B V Roy 1946 Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/bygonedaysinindi00dewa ''Bygone Days in India''] by Douglas Dewar 1922. Archive.org. Extracts from accounts by various authors. Includes Calcutta. Covers the period early 1800s to c 1857.
*''Memoirs of William Hickey''. Editions edited by Alfred Spencer, published 1913-1925. Note however the comment that a later version, edited by Peter Quennell, London 1960, is to be preferred to that edited by Alfred Spencer, in which some of Hickey’s racier reportage is expurgated.<ref>Footnote in [http://www.asiaticsociety.org.bd/journals/Golden_jubilee_vol/articles/H_459%20(PJ%20Marshall).htm "The Muharram Riot Of 1779 And The Struggle For Status And Authority In Early Colonial Calcutta"] by P J Marshall ''Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Golden Jubilee Volume 50 2005''</ref> Quennell’s edition was a one volume selection, with a slightly expanded edition in 1975.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160225021853/https://books-and-records.com/products/58/1913/william_hickey_memoirs_of_a_georgian_rake_folio_society/ William Hickey: Memoirs of a Georgian Rake] books-and-records.com, now an archived webpage.</ref>
:Edited by Alfred Spencer: [http://www.archive.org/stream/memoirsofwilliam015028mbp#page/n1/mode/2up Volume 1 1749-1775] [http://www.archive.org/stream/memoirsofwilliam015028mbp#page/n347/mode/2up/search/Index Index] Archive.org, [http://books.google.com/books?id=jXcNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover Volume 2 1775-1782] [http://books.google.com/books?id=jXcNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA397 Index] Google Books. Volume 3 (1782-1790) and Volume 4 (1790-1809) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.41512 Volume III archive.org]; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.41514 Volume 1V Archive.org].
:Edited by Peter Quennell: [https://archive.org/details/prodigalrakememo00hickrich ''The Prodigal Rake: Memoirs of William Hickey''] 1962, [https://archive.org/details/prodigalrakememo00hick/page/n5/mode/2up 2nd file] are available to borrow from Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. This appears to be the USA title. UK title ''Memoirs of William Hickey'' 1960.
:A subsequent edition, edited by Roger Hudson, was published in 1995 under the title ''Memoirs of a Georgian Rake'', and is available at the [[British Library]] UIN: BLL01007249327
*[https://archive.org/details/lettersfromislan00kind_0/page/n8/mode/2up ''Letters from the Island of Teneriffe, Brazil, the Cape of Good Hope, and the East Indies''] by Mrs. Kindersley 1777 Archive.org. The letters from India commence with [https://archive.org/details/lettersfromislan00kind_0/page/72/mode/2up Letter 18] in Pondicherry June 1765 and conclude with letter 67 from Calcutta in 1768. Letters 20-21, and 64-67 are written from Calcutta. Jemima Kindersley was the wife of a Bengal Army Officer. For further details, including letter transcriptions see [[Travel accounts online]].
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZflAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA41 Calcutta in 1774] page 41 ''Genuine Memoirs of Asiaticus'' by Philip Dormer Stanhope 1784. Google Books. The book contains letters written from 1773 to 1778.
*''A voyage in the Indian Ocean and to Bengal, undertaken in the years 1789 and 1790. Containing an account of the Sechelles Islands and Trincomale ... To which is added, a voyage in the Red Sea. Including a description of Mocha, and of the trade of the Arabs of Yemen ...'' by L de Grandpré, an officer in the French Army. 1803. [https://archive.org/details/b22041084_0001/page/n6 Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/b22041084_0002/page/n5 Volume II]. Includes chapters on Calcutta. Also published with a slightly different title. Archive.org
*Calcutta in September 1800, [http://books.google.com/books?id=mKgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA41 Part 10], page 41 from ''Cursory Remarks, on board the ship Friendship'' by Mary Anne Reid, continues [http://books.google.com/books?id=mKgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA249 part 11] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=mKgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA454 part 12] Google Books. (Full details in an India List post.<ref>Evers, Maureen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210102111255/https://mlarchives.rootsweb.com/listindexes/emails?listname=india&thread=2240405 Journals] ''Rootsweb India List'' 30 December 2009, archived.</ref>)
*''Indian Recreations; Consisting Chiefly Of Strictures On The Domestic And Rural Economy Of The Mahomedans & Hindoos'' by Rev William Tennant, lately one of His Majesty’s Chaplains in India. Second edition, enlarged and corrected 1804, first published 1803. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=WdMcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR1 Volume I] With a [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=WdMcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR7 Glossary Of Indian Terms] page vii [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=WdMcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR7 Contents] page xxi. Contains chapters on Calcutta. ([https://books.google.com.au/books?id=39BaAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume II], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=39BaAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7 Contents] page v). Google Books.
*[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.32669/2015.32669.Bengal-Past-And-Present--Vol29#page/n139/mode/2up "A Young Civilian in Bengal in 1805"] by Isaac Henry Townley Roberdeau, appointed Writer 29th August 1799, page 110, ''Bengal Past and Present-Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society'', Jan-June 1925. Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection.
*Calcutta in 1810 commences [http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA131 page 131] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham 2nd Edition 1813 Illustrated by Engravings. Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=tEcVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP1 ‪''Sketches of India; or, Observations descriptive of the scenery, &c., in Bengal. Written in India in the years 1811-14. With notes on the Cape of Good-Hope and St. Helena…''] ‬1816 Google Books. By an unknown author. Also available as a [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_00000005D8AC#?#loaded&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&z=-1439.5689%2C-141.4444%2C4384.1378%2C2828.8889 British Library digital file]. The author has been described as "... certainly not in the services, shows no sign of having been in Company employ (although he is published by the booksellers to the HEIC), and gives no indication as to the purpose of his visit to India. We can only presume that he was a well-informed, and well-connected gentleman of means.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160917063443/https://www.vialibri.net/552display_i/year_1816_600_0.html ViaLibri list of books published in 1816] Scroll to book 13. Retrieved 17 September 2016.</ref>
*[https://archive.org/details/originalletters00forsgoog ''The Original Letters from India of Mrs. Eliza Fay''] A new edition with an Introduction and notes by Rev Walter Firminger 1908 Archive.org. Originally published in 1817 as ''Original letters from India; containing a narrative of a journey through Egypt and the author's imprisonment at Calicut by Hyder Ally. To which is added, an abstract of three subsequent voyages to India''. By Mrs. Fay. Calcutta, 1817. A further edition, edited by E M Forster, was published in 1925 which is available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.61997 Archive.org], mirror from Digital Library of India . A [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.501555/2015.501555.Bengal-Past#page/n129/mode/2up Review] page 109 BPP Volume 30, 1925 Archive.org, indicates the latter edition is preferable.
*Calcutta c 1819 commences [https://archive.org/stream/sketchesofindia00sherrich#page/106/mode/2up page 106], ''Sketches of India'' by 'An Officer for Fire-Side Travellers At-Home' [Captain Moyle Sherer] 2nd edition, with additions 1824 Archive.org. The author's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyle_Sherer Wikipedia] page indicates he was with the [[34th Regiment of Foot]].
*Calcutta in 1836 commences [http://books.google.com/books?id=poRCAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA7 page 7 of Book 2] ''Travels in South-Eastern Asia, embracing Hindustan, Malaya, Siam, and China: with notices of numerous missionary stations, and a full account of the Burman Empire; with dissertations, tables, etc'' by Howard Malcolm 2nd edition 1839 2 volumes in one Google Books
*''The stranger in India : or, Three years in Calcutta'' by George W. Johnson, Advocate of the Supreme Court at Calcutta. 1843 [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=eOkDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 Volume I], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=nbpFAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1 Volume II] Google Books
*[https://archive.org/details/b22011213/page/n9 ''An Anglo-Indian Domestic Sketch. A letter from an artist in India to his mother in England''] [by Colesworthey Grant] 1849 Archive.org. Includes the artist's sketches and descriptions of domestic life in Calcutta, and description of places such as the various Bazars, including the Burra Bazar "occupied or visited by merchants and travellers from all parts of the East".
:''Portrait Sketches of the public characters of Calcutta, published in the "India Review", "India Medical"... from 1838 to 1850'' by Colesworthey Grant. Catalogued 1863, but possibly earlier. Text followed by the Portrait Sketches. [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433082439443&view=1up&seq=7 HathiTrust Digital Library]. (2nd part of book file is [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433082439443?urlappend=%3Bseq=93 ''Sketches of Oriental Heads''] by Colesworthey Grant). Text only [https://archive.org/details/b30469302 Archive.org]
:The names have been transcribed for a [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=1063&s_id=56 FIBIS Database]
*[https://archive.org/details/yesterdaytodayin00blan ''Yesterday and To-day in India''] by Sydney Laman Blanchard 1867 Archive.org. He was in India c 1854-1864. He was initially editor of the ''Bengal Hurkaru''. [http://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=32 Sidney Laman Blanchard (1825–1883)] victorianresearch.org
*See [[Food and Drink]] for a 1864 Food and Drink catalogue from Payne & Co., a Calcutta business.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=lnMIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA62 "Adulterated Liquor sold to Sailors and Soldiers in the Bazars of Calcutta"] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=lnMIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA65 "The dangers to which Sailors and Soldiers are exposed in the Bazars of Calcutta"] from ''On the preservation of the health of seamen, especially of those frequenting Calcutta and the other Indian ports'' by Norman Chevers MD, Surgeon, Bengal Army 1864 Google Books
* ''Indian Gods Sages And Cities'' by C Cesary 1881. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.128152 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India . Contains much information about Calcutta. Includes [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.128152/2015.128152.Indian-Gods-Sages-And-Cities#page/n103/mode/2up Third Part] page 101 which includes the area around Calcutta, and [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.128152/2015.128152.Indian-Gods-Sages-And-Cities#page/n157/mode/2up Fourth Part. Notes. On Calcutta and Its Suburbs] page 156. The latter includes on [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.128152/2015.128152.Indian-Gods-Sages-And-Cities#page/n171/mode/2up page 172] information about Catholic schools and orphanages. '''Note''': From the page numbers, many pages appear to be missing, including page 173.
**Catholic Institutions in Calcutta c 1881 [http://books.google.com/books?id=OJ_CknHdCbUC&pg=PA172 page 172] reprint of original published 1881 at Calcutta by Catholic Orphan Press. Preview Google Books 1987
*[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_0000000357DE ''Jottings and recollections of a Bengal “Qui hye!”''] by Louis Emanuel [1886] British Library Digital Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/indiansketchesra00daly ''Indian Sketches and Rambles''] by J Bowles Daly 1896 Archive.org. Contains chapters on Calcutta, including [https://archive.org/stream/indiansketchesra00daly#page/60/mode/2up "The General Hospital"] page 60
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.664/page/n1/mode/2up ''Hotch Potch and Kedgeree''] “being mainly Sir Allan Arthur’s personal experience in the “Land of Humour” in Scotland, India and elsewhere…Also a number of Caricatures and Sketches by Mr F C Macrae and others”. Catalogued 1916 Archive.org, K.K. Venugopal Collection. Contains many references to Calcutta, including the Calcutta Scottish [Volunteer Regiment] and Royal Calcutta Turf Club.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53429 ''John Barleycorn Bahadur: Old Time Taverns in India''] by Major H Hobbs [Harry] 1944 (2nd edition with Index, first published 1943?) Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection. Some other, but not all, publications by this author, published in Calcutta, are available at the [[British Library]]. [http://canmore.org.uk/collection/1196763 Author details] in photograph description from Canmore, Historic Environment Scotland.
*''Report of the Commissioners for the Improvement of the Town of Calcutta'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=WYoIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover Third Half-yearly Report 1850], [http://books.google.com/books?id=WYoIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP23 Fourth Half-yearly Report 1851], [http://books.google.com/books?id=WYoIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP45 Tenth Report, for the year 1853] Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/selectionsfromr00indgoog#page/n427/mode/1up ''Selections from the Records of the Government of Bengal: no 10: Report on the Establishment of Water-Works to Supply the City of Calcutta''] 1853 Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=0z0DAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP9 ''Report on the Drainage and Conservancy of Calcutta''] by David Boyes Smith M.D., Sanitary Commissioner for Bengal 1869 Google Books
*''Municipal Calcutta: Its Institutions in their Origins and Growth'' by SW Goode 1916. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.33547 Archive.org], mirror version from Digital Library of India.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/bengalassambehar00playuoft#page/58/mode/2up/ "The City of Calcutta"] from ''Bengal and Assam, Behar and Orissa : their history, people, commerce and industrial resources'' by Somerset Playne, J W Bond, edited by Arnold Wright 1917 Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/1950-while-memory-serves-by-tuker/mode/2up ''While Memory Serves''] by Lieut.-General Sir Francis Tuker. Digital reprint edition reproduced by Sani H Panhwar, originally published 1950. Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.525048/page/n7/mode/2up Original edition] Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India. Covers the two years 1946 and 1947, "told by one who watched events from the Headquarters of Eastern Command" of the Indian Army, (he was G.O.C. in C.), including riots in Calcutta. Tuker appears to have been physically based in Delhi, but visited Calcutta, and there is much information about Calcutta.
*[https://archive.org/details/monsoonmorning0000step/page/n5 ''Monsoon Morning''] by Ian Stephens 1966. A picture of India in 1942-44 by the editor of ''The Statesman'', mainly depicting events seen from Calcutta. Archive.org Lending Library.
*''Bengal Past and Present-Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society''
:''Bengal, Past and Present, Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society'' was first published 1907 and is a very valuable source of information. Volumes are available at the [[British Library]]. There are published indexes, each of one volume, as follows: Volumes 1 (July 1907)-8 (June 1914); Volumes 9 (1914)-18 (1919); Volumes 1 (1907)-85 (1966); Volumes 1 (1907)-104 (1985). In addition, the British Library has an index for Volumes 19-29.
:Note that a different Journal, with a somewhat similar name, is the ''Calcutta Historical Journal'', published by the University of Calcutta, first published July 1976, available at the [[British Library]]
:A broken range of volumes to 1939, plus 1955 is available online, see '''[[Bengal, Past and Present, Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society]]'''
:*Transcriptions from Registers of St John's, Calcutta by E W Madge as they appeared in ''Bengal Past and Present''. Each listing contains many pages of biographical notes. Some articles are available online, as mirror editions on Archive.org, originally from Digital Library of India. Other articles are available at the [[British Library]]. '''Note''': Records for Baptisms 1767-1777 have been transcribed and are available on the [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=1979&s_id=1064&sort=0&st=0&np=14&tn=412 FIBIS database] in the category Publications.
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.134759/2015.134759.Bengal-Past-And--Present-Vol20---21jan-june#page/n351/mode/2up Baptisms 1713-1758] BPP Volume XXI, pp 143-159. Archive.org/DLI
:**[https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.26420965?Search=yes&seq=406#page_thumbnails_tab_contents Baptisms 1759-1766] BPP Volume V, pp 325-332 jstor.org. [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.31275/page/n409/mode/2up Archive.org version]
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.501554/2015.501554.Bengal-Past#page/n383/mode/2up Baptisms 1767 -1777] BPP Volume XXV, January-June 1923, pp 130-155, Archive.org/DLI
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.501554/2015.501554.Bengal-Past#page/n167/mode/2up Baptisms 1778-1782] BPP Volume XXVI 1923, pp 142-168. Archive.org/DLI
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.32668/2015.32668.Bengal-Past-And-Present--Vol28#page/n93/mode/2up Baptisms 1783-1785] BPP Volume XXVIII, pp 193-221. Archive.org/DLI
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.501555/2015.501555.Bengal-Past#page/n95/mode/2up Baptisms 1786 to 1788] Volume XXX, 1925, pp 79-107. Also contains an addendum for the years 1783-1785
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.32678/2015.32678.Bengal-Past-And-Present--Vol-9#page/n85/mode/2up Marriages 1713-1754] BBP Volume IX, Part II, Serial No 18, Oct-Dec 1914 pp 217-243. Also [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.32678/2015.32678.Bengal-Past-And-Present--Vol-9#page/n157/mode/2up Marriages 1713-1754-II] pages 282-284. Archive.org/DLI. '''Note''' on page 218 it is stated that in the 18th century, 'Mrs' is often used to denote a young unmarried lady of quality. "'Miss' appears but rarely in these early registers".
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.500673/2015.500673.Bengal-Past#page/n105/mode/2up Marriages 1759-1779] BBP Volume IV, July-Dec 1909 pp 486-512. Archive.org/DLI
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.500676/2015.500676.Bengal-Past#page/n195/mode/2up Marriages 1780-1785] BPP Volume VII, pp 164-171. Archive.org/DLI
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.503761/2015.503761.Bengal-Past#page/n51/mode/2up Marriages 1786-1792] BBP Volume XVI, Part I, Serial No 31, Jan-March 1918 pp 41-71. Archive.org/DLI
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.134759/2015.134759.Bengal-Past-And--Present-Vol20---21jan-june#page/n285/mode/2up Marriages 1781-1800 (Supplementary Register)] BBP Volume XXI, pp 76-141. Archive.org/DLI.
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.32665/2015.32665.Bengal-Past-And-Present--Vol10#page/n83/mode/2up Burials 1713-1755] BPP Volume X, Jan-June 1915, Serial Nos 19-20, pp 257-284 . Archive.org/DLI.
:**[https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.26420965?Search=yes&seq=165#page_thumbnails_tab_contents Burials 1759-1761] BBP Volume V, pp 136-142 jstor.org. [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.31275/page/n167/mode/2up Archive.org version]
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.500675/2015.500675.Bengal-Past#page/n141/mode/2up Burials 1762-1774] BBP Volume VI 1910, pp 92-126. Archive.org/DLI.
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.501558/2015.501558.Bengal-Past#page/n147/mode/2up Burials 1775-81] BPP Volume 31 (Jan-Jun 1926) pages 130-156. Archive.org/DLI.
:**[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.501558/2015.501558.Bengal-Past#page/n359/mode/2up Burials 1782-88] Volume 32 II (Oct-Dec 1926) pages 109-132. Archive.org/DLI.
*[https://archive.org/details/storylallbazarb00wenggoog '' The Story of the Lall Bazar Baptist Church, Calcutta: Being the History of Carey's Church from 24th April 1800 to the Present Day''] by Edward Steane Wenger 1908 Archive.org. Includes [https://archive.org/stream/storylallbazarb00wenggoog#page/n604/mode/2up An Alphabetical List of members of the Church] and other lists, following page 575. [https://archive.org/stream/storylallbazarb00wenggoog#page/n664/mode/2up Index]
*[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.500671/2015.500671.Bengal-Past#page/n15/mode/2up "Slavery Days in Old Calcutta"] by Syud Hossain, ''Bengal Past and Present, Volume II, Part II 1908'', pages 271-276, Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection.
*John Williamson Palmer was an American [[Doctor|doctor]] and author who wrote c 1858 [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924022250405#page/n337/mode/2up/ "The Chorus of the Palanquin Bearers"], a description of his transit through Cossitollah Street, Calcutta.<ref> Reprinted in ''Oliver Wendell Holmes, poet, littérateur, scientist'', page 330 by William Sloane Kennedy 1883, Archive.org, originally from ''Atlantic Monthly'', January 1858. </ref> [https://learninglab.si.edu/resources/view/90161 Photograph: Man in palki or palanquin], Calcutta. Click through to 2nd image. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Learning Lab website.
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RzxcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 ''‪Rules and Regulations of La Martiniere, Founded in Calcutta Under the Will of Major General Claude Martin: With an Extract of the Will of the Testator, the Decree of the Supreme Court with Regard to the Same, and Other Documents‬''] 1835 Google Books
*There are many references to Calcutta, including Catholic churches, in [https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfThePortugueseInBengal ''History of The Portuguese in Bengal''] by J J A Campos 1919 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.7149/mode/2up 2nd file, Archive.org], mirror from Central Secretariat Library, Government of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/blackholeofcalcu0000barb/page/n5 ''The Black Hole of Calcutta : a Reconstruction''] by Noel Barber 1965. Archive.org Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/printingincalcut0000shaw/page/n5 ''Printing in Calcutta to 1800 : a description and checklist of printing in late 18th-century Calcutta''] by Graham Shaw 1981. Archive.org Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/calcuttaprofileo0000rayn/page/n5 ''Calcutta : the Profile of a City''] by Nisith Ranjan Ray 1986. Archive.org Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.149376/mode/2up ''Calcutta And Calcuttans From Dihi to Megalopolis''] by Oneil Biswas 1992 Archive.org
*For reports on Rats in Calcutta, in connection with plague research, see [[Scientific books online]].
*[https://archive.org/details/tomrawgriffinbur00doylrich ''Tom Raw, the Griffin: a burlesque poem, in twelve cantos: illustrated by twenty-five engravings, descriptive of the adventures of a cadet in the East India company's service, from the period of his quitting England to his obtaining a staff situtation in India''] by “ a Civilian and an Officer on the Bengal Establishment” (Sir Charles D'Oyly) 1828 Archive.org
*A novel: ''Life in India; or, The English at Calcutta'' by Anne Catharine Monkland 1828 [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=e2LvXmd1AWIC&pg=PP5 Volume I], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=lB5hLGUDIwEC&pg=PP11 Volume II], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=t-w5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 Volume III] Google Books

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:Calcutta| ]]

Agra

2021-03-14T16:39:15Z

PEA-2292: 'Transport Links' info added

{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency= [[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal]]
|image= 601px-TajMahalbyAmalMongia.jpg
|coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=27.179700,78.021400&z=15&t=h&hl=en 27.179700°N 78.021400°E]
|altitude= 171 m (561 ft)
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra Agra]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh Uttar Pradesh]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]] [[East Indian Railway]] [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]
''See page'' '''[[Agra Railways & Stations]]''' ''for details''
}}
{{Places of Interest|title=Agra |name=Agra |link=http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=211401480495186034184.0004bb3163e856674d342&msa=0}}

'''Agra''' was the headquarters of [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_081.gif Agra District] in the Agra Division of United Provinces during the British period.

It is situated about 105 miles (170km) south-south-east of [[Delhi]]. As well as being the home of the Taj Mahal and the Agra Fort, Agra is an important railhead and junction. The ancient Mughal capital [[Fatehpur Sikri]] is to the south west of the city.

===FIBIS Resources===
*[[:Category:Agra images|Images of Agra]]

== History ==
====Administration====
[[Image:Agra Fort.JPG‎|right|thumb|300px|''Agra Fort'']]
The British took possession of Agra in 1803, and until 1829, the civil administration of the city was conducted by a [[Collector]] under the orders of the commissioners of the [[Ceded and Conquered Provinces]]. Between 1834 and 1836, Agra had its own [[Presidency]], the [[Presidency of Agra]], but this was abolished and the city was taken into the [[North-Western Provinces]]. The first Lieutenant-Governor installed there was Charles Metcalfe. Agra remained the seat of government for the province until 1858, when the administration was transferred to [[Allahabad]]. Ten years later, the High Court of Judicature followed.

In 1903, the North-Western Provinces were renamed the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh ([[United Provinces]] for short) and under independant Indian rule this province became [[Uttar Pradesh]].
====Military====
*[[Battle of Agra 1803]] in the [[2nd Maratha War]]
*[[Retreat to Agra 1804]] in the [[2nd Maratha War]]
*[[Battle of Agra 1857]] in the [[Indian Mutiny]]

====Social====
Over three quarters of a million people, mostly Indians, died during the Agra famine of 1837–38 that hit the North-Western Provinces.

==Churches and missions==
[[Image:St Georges.jpeg|thumb|300px|right|St George's Church]]
'''Anglican'''
*St George's, Cantonment - built 1828, consecrated 1835
**The baptism, marriage and burial records for St George’s Church (now the Cathedral) are kept at the Diocesan Office, near St Paul’s Church. <ref> [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2010-10/1286789133 India List post by Robin Volkers October 2010]</ref>
*St John's Church, native church - built 1856, run by the Church Mission Society
*St Mathias's Church, Agra Fort
*St Paul's, Civil Lines - built 1855, run by the Church Mission Society

'''Roman Catholic'''
*RC Cathedral, Civil Lines - built 1848, the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Agra
*St Patrick's, Cantonment

'''Other denominations'''
*[[Havelock Memorial Chapel]], Cantonment - run by the Baptist Mission, erected 1873 in memory of [[Henry Havelock|Sir Henry Havelock]] who, with the [[13th Regiment of Foot]], built a Baptist chapel in the Cantonment in 1837
*American Episcopal Methodist - by the District Courts, built 1887

'''Missions'''
*Church Mission Society, St John's College
*Baptist Mission
*Methodist Mission

==Cemeteries==

[[List of cemeteries]] highlights various locations.

There are three active Christian cemeteries in Agra the Roman Catholic Cemetery near Bhagwan Talkies, another one near Tota Ka Taal, and the third being the Cantonment Cemetery. Locals call it “Gora Kabristan”.

Among the inactive cemeteries, there is the Protestant cemetery, now in ruined condition, attached to St. Paul’s Church. This was the burial ground of the old Dutch factory that once stood on the land now occupied by the Church. There is also the cemetery inside the Agra Fort, in an area occupied by the Indian Army, therefore out of bounds for tourists and visitors.<ref>[https://double-dolphin.blogspot.com/2018/01/agra-roman-catholic-cemetery-red-taj-mahal.html "Agra's Roman Catholic Cemetery and the Red Taj Mahal"] 14 January 2018 ''The Concrete Paparazzi''.</ref>

'''Online records'''
*See [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=906&s_id=778 FIBIS Database] for dataset of over 100 transcriptions and a few images.
* See [[Cemeteries]] for links to Inscriptions from Agra Cemeteries in Online books.

*[[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia|BACSA (British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia)]] cemetery publications are
**''Agra Cantonment Cemetery'' by Robin Volkers, 2001 A record of over 5,000 burials from 1806-1990s, including all existing MIs, with plot diagrams indicating the shape and location of the tombs. 697pp, 106 illustrations and plans
**''Agra St Paul's Cemetery'' by Robin Volkers, 2007 A record of burials from 1849-1958, monuments, wall tablets and inscriptions, including those at the nearby Tot ka Tal and Sikandra cemeteries. 102pp, 22 illustrations
**''Agra: Memorials of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception'' by Robin Volkers, 2012, 56pp. "This volume completes the author’s magisterial survey of the three most important cemeteries at Agra."

:See [http://indian-cemeteries.org/bacsa/html/bacsa_books.html BACSA Books].

:[[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia|BACSA]] have put the indexes to these cemetery books online and these indexes are free to browse. If an indexed name is of interest then application can be made to BACSA for details of the relevant burial inscription - charges apply for this service

==Education==
====Colleges====
*Agra College - founded in 1823 with an endowment from the East India Company
*St Peter's College - Roman Catholic institution, founded 1841 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_College,_Agra wikipedia entry])
*St John's College - founded by the Church Mission Society in 1850 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_College,_Agra wikipedia entry])
*Medical College - opened in 1855 for native hospital assistants

====Schools====
*Victoria High School - founded in 1862
*St George's High School for European children
*Convent school for girls

====Orphanages====
*The Roman Catholic Church ran two orphanages in Agra for European children, c 1857, St. Paul's for boys, and St. Patrick's for girls.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=j2MtAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA394 "Catholicity in India"], page 394 ''The Rambler, Volume 7'' 1857 Google Books</ref>

==Railways==
Agra was an important rail head, served by the [[East Indian Railway]], the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]], and by both broad and metre gauge lines of the [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]].
====Stations====
[[Image:Agrastation.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Agra Fort Station]]
[[Image:Agra 1938.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Agra rail connections, 1938]]
Agra has had a number of stations, the names of which changed over time. Many are no longer operational. Known stations are:
*Agra Cantonment (BB&CIR, GIPR) - (became Idgah) in the centre of the city, along the Fatehpur Sikri Road
*Agra City (EIR, GIPR) - in the northern part of the city
*Agra East Bank (BB&CIR, EIR) - on the opposite side of the river to the Fort
*Agra Fort (BB&CIR, EIR, GIPR) - next to the Fort
*Agra Jail - (became Bilochpura) in the North West of the city, by the District Jail
*Agra Junction - (became Jumna/Yamuna Bridge) on the right bank of the Jumna river
*Agra Road (GIPR) - (became Agra Cantt) to the south west of the cantonment, near the Sadar Bazaar
*Alumganj
*Belanganj (GIPR)
*Drummond Road
*Raja-ki-Mandi (GIPR) - in the northern part of the city

==Maps==
[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Agra1893.jpg Agra and environs 1893] ancestry.com 
[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gaz_atlas_1909/fullscreen.html?object=62 Map of Agra 1909] Imperial Gazetteer 

== External links ==
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_090.gif Agra City] Imperial Gazetteer 
*[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/ADA_AIZ/AGRA.html Agra] online 1911 Encylopedia Britannica
*[http://www.dioceseofagra.org/contactUs.htm Diocese of Agra, Church of North India] Dioceseofagra.org
*[http://sardhanachurch.org/theoldpalace.aspx The Church Basilica of Our Lady of Grace, Sardhana] The Old Palace of the Begum Sumru served as a school at times, and it was with boys from here that St Peter’s College, Agra started as an orphanage in 1846. (retrieved 31 May 2014)
*[http://www.rafweb.org/Stations/Stations-A.htm#Agra RAF Agra] rafweb.org (retrieved 1 July 2014)

====Historical books online====
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbooktoenglis00dewauoft#page/n3/mode/2up ''A hand-book to the English pre-mutiny records in the government record rooms of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh''] by Douglas Dewar c 1919 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.262222/mode/2up ''Agra: A Gazetteer, being Volume VIII of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh''] by H R Nevill 1905 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.2960/mode/2up 2nd file]Archive.org.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Uw8oAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA58 "Mofussil Stations No II - Agra"] page 58 ''The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany'', Vol 10, New Series, Jan-April 1833. Google Books
*''Bengal Catholic Herald Volume X 1846'' Google Books
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6n9gT7k13T0C&pg=PA171 page 171] Male Orphans belonging to the Army will be admitted at Saint John’s College Sirdanah. ([[Sardhana]], 22 km from [[Meerut]]). Female Orphans will be admitted at Saint Mary’s Convent Agra.
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6n9gT7k13T0C&pg=PA366 (file) page 366] Female Orphanage at Agra
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6n9gT7k13T0C&pg=PA404 page 404] The establishment of a Female Orphanage at Agra, “for the support and education of the relict daughters of the brave European Catholic Soldiers, who fell victims of the loyalty and courage on the field of battle, during the late glorious Campaign of the Punjab”.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=9HkOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Anecdotes and Reminiscences of Service in Bengal''] [by A. L. M. Phillips (Alfred Lisle March Phillips) 1878] Google Books. He arrived in India in 1846 and retired 1873. At the commencement of the Indian Mutiny, he was Magistrate and Collector of the [[Etah]] district. Subsequently he was Magistrate and Collector of Agra and its district June 1857 to March 1863.
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/370/mode/2up Agra] page 371 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/ahandbookforvis01keengoog ''A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighborhood''] by H G Keene Fourth Edition, considerably enlarged and improved 1876 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/ahandbookforvis03keengoog Fifth Edition 1888] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.96106 Sixth edition 1899] Archive.org. The was a Seventh edition titled ''Keene's Handbook for Visitors to Agra'' by E A Duncan 1909, previously available at the Digital Library of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/handbooktoagrata00haveuoft ''A Handbook to Agra and the Taj, Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri and the Neighbourhood''] by E B Havell 1904 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.208011 Second edition, revised 1912] Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.528104/2015.528104.India-Of#page/n95/mode/2up Agra] page 91 ''India of the Rajahs'' by Major S E G Ponder 1940 Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]

Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway

2021-03-14T15:51:28Z

PEA-2292: ‘Major Stations Infobox ‘ revised

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image= Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Logo.png
|caption= Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Logo
|timeline1date= 1908
|timeline1details= Formed from 2 existing systems
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|company1= 1908
|company1details= [[Madras Railway]](Broad Gauge)
|company2= 1908
|company2details= [[Southern Mahratta Railway]](Metre Gauge)
|company3=
|company3details=
|company4=
|company4details=
|company5=
|company5details=
|company6=
|company6details=
|company7=
|company7details=
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9=
|company9details=
|company10=
|company10details=
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12=
|company12details=
|headquarters= [[Madras]]
|workshop= [[Perambur ]]; [[Dharwar]]/[[Hubli]] ''See'' [[M&SMR Railway Workshops]]
|stations= '''[[Madras]] '''
''See also separate page'' [[Madras_Railways_%26_Stations#Madras_Stations| ''' Madras Stations''']] ''for details''
|system1date=
|system1details=
|system2date= 1951
|system2details= [[Southern Railway]] (IR zone)
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 1092 miles (1943)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 1712 miles (1943)
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Rifles]]
}}

The '''Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway'''(M&SMR) was formed in 1908 mainly from the merger of <ref name=Admin1918>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n89/mode/1up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 81 - 97]; Retrieved 9 Sept 2020</ref>:-
* '[[Madras Railway]]'(MR), broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) 1032 miles(1660km), [[Madras Railway – Lines owned and worked|''see separate page for details''']]
* '[[Southern Mahratta Railway]]'(SMR), metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) 1687 miles(2715km), [[Southern Mahratta Railway|''see separate page for details''']].

== History ==
The former [[Madras Railway| ‘Madras Guaranteed Railway Company’ ]] contract expired on the 31 Dec 1907. The lines owned by that Company were purchased by the Secretary of State for India, and on 1 Jan 1908 the ‘[[Madras Railway]]’ (with the exception of the broad gauge [[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline| ‘Jalarpet-Mangalore Section’]] which was made over to the ‘[[South Indian Railway]]’) and together with the metre gauge sections of the ‘[[South Indian Railway]]’ [[Villupuram-Nellore Railway |‘Katpadi-Gudur’ and ‘Pakala-Dharmavaram’ Sections]], was made over to the [[Southern Mahratta Railway |‘South Mahratta Railway Company’]] for working. The enlarged Company being styled the '''Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Company'''<ref name=Admin1918/>

In addition to the lines comprised in the system, the Company, worked the [[Birur-Shimoga Railway |‘Birur-Shimoga Section’]], the [[Mysore-Nanjangud Railway |‘Mysore-Nanjangud Section’ ]] and [[Mysore-Bangalore Railway| ‘Mysore-Bangalore Section’]], all of which were made over to the Mysore Durbar on 1 Oct 1919 <ref name=Hist1937>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 120 pdf 153]; Retrieved 10 Sept 2020</ref>.

The [[Government of India |GoI]] took over direct control of the M&SMR on 1 April 1944.

On 14 April 1951, the M&SMR, the [[South Indian Railway]](SIR) and the [[Mysore State Railway]](MSR) merged together to become '''[[Southern Railway]]''', a zone of [[Indian Railways]].

<big><big>'''Madras and Southern Mahratta System Railway System'''</big></big>
[[File:M&SM Railway System 1937 Map.png||right|600px|M&SMR Railway System 1937 Map]]
 The ‘Madras and Southern Mahratta System Railway System’ can be defined as made up of the ‘M&SMR Broad Gauge Division ‘ and the M&SMR Metre Gauge Division ‘ .
 The 1937 Report <ref name=Hist1937/> gives the total line length of 3229 miles(5196km) as follows:-

==M&SMR Broad Gauge Division ==
In 1937 <ref name=Hist1937/> the total line length of the broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]])
 ‘M&SMR System’ BG including all worked lines was 1518 miles(2442km):-
* ‘South-West Main Line’, 133 miles(214km), opened 1856-60 by MR from Madras to Jalarpe, the final 2 miles(km) into Madras Terminal was completed in 1873
** ‘Rayapuram Branch’, 2.1 miles(3.4km) , opened 1856 by MR from Veyasapaudy to Rayapuram, extended to Basin Bridge by 1907 and from Korukkupettai to Veyasapaudy by M&SMR in 1931 giving a total of 5 miles(8km)
** [[Walajah Road-Ranipet Railway| ‘Ranipet Branch’]] , 4.2 miles(6.8km), opened 1899 by MR from Walajah Road (Arcot ) to Ranipet
** ‘Bangalore Branch’, 87 miles(140km), opened 1864 by MR from Jalarpet Junction to Bangalore Cantonment, final 3 miles to Bangalore City in 1882
* ‘North-West Main Line’, 308 miles(496km), opened 1861-71 by MR from Arkonam to Raichur
* ‘North-East Main Line’, 480 miles(772km), opened in a series of dates from 1888 through to 1907 by MR from Basin Bridge (Madras) via Nellore and Bezwada to the Junction near Waltair. Also named the ‘[Bezwada-Madras Railway]]’
** ‘Samalkot Junction- Cocanada Port Branch’, 10 miles(16km), opened1893 by MR from Samalkot Junction to Cocanada Port
** ‘Guntur-Tenali Branch’, 16 miles(26km), opened 1916 by M&MSR from Guntur to Tenali
** ‘Nidadavolu-Narasapur Branch’, 47 miles(76km), opened 1929 by M&MSR from Nidadavolu to Narasapur
** ‘Cocanada-Kotipalle Branch’, 27 miles(43km), opened 1929 by M&MSR from Cocanada to Kotipalle
* ‘[[Kolar Gold Fields Railway]]’, 10 miles(16km), opened 1894, constructed by Mysore Durbar joining the [[Kolar Gold Fields]] to [[Bowringpet]], where it connected with the ‘South-West Main Line’. Worked by MR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System
* ‘[[Tenali-Repalle Railway]]’, 21 miles(34km), opened 2016, constructed by M&MSR on behalf of Guntur District Board. Worked as part of the M&SMR System . Also described as the ‘[[Guntur-Repalle Railway]]’

==M&SMR Metre Gauge Division ==
In 1937 <ref name=Hist1937/> the total line length of the metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]])-
 ‘M&SMR System’ MG including all worked lines was 2087 miles(3359km):-
* ‘Main Line’, 514 miles(827km), opened 1884-90 by ‘SMR’ from Frontier ,where it connected to the ‘[[West of India Portuguese Railway]]’, to Bezweda. The ‘’Cumbum-Tadepalli Section’, 122 miles(196km) first opened 1881 as a broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line by the ‘MR’ , handed over to the ‘SMR’ and converted to metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) in 1887
** ‘Harihar Branch’, 81 miles(130km), opened 1886 by SMR from Hubli to Harihar
** ‘ Bijapur Branch’, 173 miles(278km), opened 1884 by SMR from Gadag to Hotgi, extended 1927 by M&SMR to Sholapur giving total 182 miles(293km)
** ‘Poona Branch’, 227 miles(365km), opened 1886-90 by SMR from Londra to Poona
** ‘Guntakal-Mysore Frontier Branch, 120 miles(193km), opened 1893-1902 by SMR from Guntakal via Hindapur to Mysore Frontier where it connected to the ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’ worked by
** ‘Bellary-Rayadrug Branch’, 33 miles(53km), opened 1905 by SMR from Bellary to Rayadrug
** ‘Hospet-Kottur Branch’, 56 miles(90km), opened 1905-10 by SMR completed by M&SMR from Hospet via Kottur to Kanivihalli, extended 1928 by M&SMR to Swamihalli giving a total of 68 miles(109km)
** ‘Katpadi-Dharmavaram Branch’, 180 miles(290km), opened 1891-92 by SMR from Katpadi to Dharmavaram
** ‘Pakala-Gudar Branch’, 84 miles(135km), opened 1887-91 by SMR from Pakala to Gudar
** ‘Gudivada-Bhimavaram Branch’, 41 miles(68km), opened 1928 by M&SMR from Gudivada to Bhimavaram
** ‘Guntur-Macheria Branch, 80 miles(129km), opened 1930 by M&SMR from Guntur to Macheria
* ‘[[Alnavar-Dandeli Railway|Alnavar-Dandeli Railway]]’, 19 miles(31km), opened 1919 by M&SMR on behalf of Government Forest Department, from Alnavar to Dandeli <ref>ibid page 131 pdf 166</ref>
* ‘[[Bangalore Harihar Railway]]‘, 210 miles(338km), opened 1884-89 by SMR from Bangalore to Harihar. Originally part of the ‘M&SMR Mysore Section’ until 1919 when the Mysore to Bangalore section was ‘made over to the Mysore Durbar and named the ‘[[Mysore-Bangalore Railway]]’ <ref>ibid page 132 pdf 167</ref>
* ‘[[Bezwada-Masulipatam Railway]]’, 52 miles(84km), opened 1908-09 from Bezwada to Masulipatam . Owned by [[Kistna District Board]], a feeder line; worked as part of the M&SMR System<ref>ibid page 134 pdf 169</ref>
* ‘[[Hindupur-Yesvantpur Railway]]’, 51 miles(82km), opened 1893 from Yesvantpur to Mysore Frontier. Also known as ‘[[Hindupur (Yesvantpur-Mysore Frontier) Railway]]’ and originally named the ‘[[Bangalore Hindupur Railway]]’ . Worked by SMR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System <ref>ibid page 135 pdf 170</ref> and from 1938 reverte’d to the ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’
* ‘[[Kolhapur State Railway]]’, 29 miles(47km), opened 1891 from Kolhapur to Miraj . Worked by SMR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System <ref>ibid page 136 pdf 171</ref>
* ‘[[Sangli State Railway]]’, 5 miles(8km), opened 1907 from Miraj Junction to Sangli. Worked by SMR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System <ref>ibid page 138 pdf 173</ref>
* ‘[[West of India Portuguese Railway]]’, 51 miles(82km) opened 1887-88 from Mormugao Harbour to the Portugese Frontier, where it connected to the ‘M&SMR Main Line’(''see above'') . Worked by SMR from 1902 then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System <ref>ibid page 139 pdf 174</ref>

==Railways previously worked by ‘Madras Railway’ ==
* ‘[[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline]]’ metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]), opened in 1860-62 by the [[‘Madras Railway]]’ and extended 1901-04 as the ‘[[Calicut-Azikhal Railway]]’and reached Mangalore in 1907 as the ‘[[Azikhal-Mangalore Railway]]’. The total length of the line was 417 miles(617km) and with the following two branches 446 miles(717km) , all transferred to ‘[[South Indian Railway]]’ (SIR) on formation of the M&SMR in 1907:-
** ‘[[Palghat Branch Line]]’, opened 1868 from Palakkad Junction(Olavakode)
** ‘[[Mettupalaiyam Branch Line]]’, opened 1873 from Podanur
* ‘[[Morappur-Dharmapuri-Hosur Railway]]’, 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]), opened 1906 as a famine protection line , worked by MR then made over to the ‘[[South Indian Railway]]’ (SIR) on formation of the M&SMR in 1907

==Railways worked by M&SMR then later reallocated ==
* ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’ metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) , leased and worked by SMR; from 1908 by M&SMR. Then reverted to ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’ in 1919 comprising:-
** ‘[[Mysore-Bangalore Railway]]’, constructed by Mysore State, opened 1881, leased and worked by SMR,; from 1908 by M&SMR until 1919
** ‘[[Mysore-Nanjangud Railway]]’, opened 1891, leased and worked by SMR, from 1908 by M&SMR until 1919
** ‘[[Birur-Shimoga Railway]]’, opened 1899. Worked by M&SMR until 1919
* ‘[[Hindupur-Yesvantpur Railway]]’, opened 1893,originally named the ‘[[Bangalore Hindupur Railway]]’ . Worked by SMR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System <ref>ibid page 135 pdf 170</ref>. Ffrom 1938 reverted to ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’
* ‘[[Bangalore Harihar Railway]]‘, opened 1884-89. Worked by SMR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System . From 1938 reverted to ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’

==M&SMR Collieries and Coal Supplies==
''See separate pages''
* ‘[[Talcher Colliery]]’ was a M&SMR Colliery'
* ‘[[Jarangdih Colliery]] was a 'Joint M&SMR and [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway|Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway]](BB&CIR) Colliery'

==Railway Workshops==
The former [[Madras Railway - Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Workshops|MR Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Workshops]] at [[Perambur]] became the M&SMR main workshops. In Madras there was a separate repair-shop for the locomotives and another for maintaining the carriages and wagons.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131114020145/http://dustymuffin.wordpress.com/2007/09/18/grandpas-story-part-v/ "Grandpa’s Story – Part V"]. The story (in 15 Parts) of Percy Morris who worked on the M&SMR 1925-1955</ref>

For further information [[M&SMR Railway Workshops|'''M&SMR Railway Workshops''' ''see seperate page'']]

==M&SMR Riles Regiment==
See seperate page '''[[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Rifles]]'''

==Records==
Refer to FIBIS Fact File #4: “Research sources for Indian Railways, 1845-1947” - available from the [http://www.fibis.org/store/fibis-books-and-publications/bff-0004-research-sources-for-indian-railways-1845-1947/ Fibis shop]. This Fact File contains invaluable advice on 'Researching ancestors in the UK records of Indian Railways' with particular reference to the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) held at the [[British Library]]

An on-line search of the IOR records relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved Jan 2016</ref>
gives many references. The most important being:-
*'''L/AG/46/33''' “Records of the India Office relating to the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Company; 1882-1930"
*'''L/F/7/1513-1526''' “Collection 266: Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway; date unspecified"

==Personnel Records==
Unfortunately there are no Staff agreements held at the [[British Library]] in the [[India Office Records]].

The last Europeans were recruited in 1926. Percy Morris who worked on the M&SMR 1925-1955<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131114020233/http://dustymuffin.wordpress.com/2007/09/11/grandpas-story-part-iv/ "Grandpa’s Story – Part IV"]. The story of Percy Morris.</ref>

== References ==
<references />

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[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Madras Railway

2021-03-14T15:44:30Z

PEA-2292: ‘Major Stations Infobox ‘ revised

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image= Madras Central Station.jpg
|caption= ''Madras Central Railway Station''
|route= [[Madras]] to [[Bangalore]] [[Madras]] to [[Raichur]] [[Madras]] to [[Waltair]] ([[Vizagapatam]]) [[Jalarpet]] to [[Mangalore]]
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 904 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Broad gauge
|gauge2details= 497 miles (1905) - North East line
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1845
|timeline1details= Company formed
|timeline2date= 1856
|timeline2details= First section of line open to traffic
|timeline3date= 1889
|timeline3details= Branch line [[Calicut-Azikhal Railway]] opened
|timeline4date= 1907
|timeline4details= Line acquired by State
|timeline5date= 1908
|timeline5details= [[Jalarpet]] to [[Mangalore]] transferred to [[South Indian Railway]]
|presidency= [[Madras]]
|stations= [[Bezwada]], [[Calicut]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Erode]], [[Guntakal]], [[Nellore]], [[Rajahmundry]], [[Renigunta]]
|system1date=
|system1details= Own agnecy
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
}}

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|timeline1date=
|timeline1details=
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date= 1907
|timeline5details= Merged with [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] to form [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]]
|company1=
|company1details= [[Madras Railway]]
|company2=
|company2details= [[Kolar Gold Fields Railway]]
|company3= 1903
|company3details= [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]]
|company4=
|company4details= [[Shoranur-Cochin Railway]]
|company5=
|company5details=
|company6=
|company6details=
|company7=
|company7details=
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9=
|company9details=
|company10=
|company10details=
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12=
|company12details=
|headquarters= [[Madras]]
|workshop= [[Madras]], [[Perambur|Perambore]], Podanur ''See'' [[M&SMR Railway Workshops]]
|stations= '''[[Madras]] ''', [[Bezwada]], [[Bangalore]], [[Calicut]], [[Cochin]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Erode]], [[Guntakal]], [[Mangalore]], [[Nellore]], [[Ootacamund]], [[Rajahmundry]], [[Renigunta]]
''See also separate page'' [[Madras_Railways_%26_Stations#Madras_Stations| ''' Madras Stations''']] ''for details''
|system1date= 1951
|system1details= [[Southern Railway]] {IR zone)
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 1411 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 82 miles (1905)
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[Madras Railway Volunteers]]
}}

[[File: Madras Railway Map 1909, north section.png|thumb| Madras Railway Map 1909, north section]]
[[File: Madras Railway Map 1909, south section.png|thumb| Madras Railway Map 1909, south section]]

==First Company Formation==
The '''Madras Railway Company'''(MR) was incorporated on 8 May 1845
<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_India#1832%E2%80%931852:_Industrial_railways Wikipedia ‘History of Rail Transport in India’]; Retrieved 4 May 2020</ref> and the prospectus stated “the securing the introduction of the railway system into the territories under the presidency of Madras .... to depute to India a skilful engineer ...with two engineer officers ... to suggest some feasible line of moderate length as an experiment for railway communication in India”
<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6WhDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA639&lpg=PA639&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books ‘Allen's Indian Mail,’ 1845, page 639]; Retrieved 4 May 2020</ref>.

The proposal was for an initial 70 mile line between [[Madras]] and the military base at [[Arcot]]. [[Robert Stephenson]] agreed to act as Consulting Engineer based in London. The subsequent recession removed the financial incentive for railways in India and the Madras scheme was dissolved the following year
<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=BzErDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books “Robert Stephenson – The Eminent Engineer” edited by Michael R. Bailey; page 155-57]; Retrieved 4 May 2020</ref>.

==Second Company Formation==
The '''Madras Railway Company'''(MR) was formed provisionally in July 1852 to acquire lands in the “East Indies” and to construct and work a railway or railways in that territory. In December of that year the railway company contracted with the [[East India Company]] to construct and maintain an “experimental line of railway” from [[Madras]] to (or towards) the west coast of India.
<ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"; pages 130-132, paragraphs 3.65-3.73] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>

The Chief Engineer from 1853-6 was [[George Barclay Bruce]]. "He had then laid out and partly constructed about 500 miles of the Madras railway, he developed a system of carrying out works without contractors using direct labour. Also he developed the brick wells sunk by native divers system to construct the [[Poiney Viaduct]], a major hurdle on the route <ref >[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/George_Barclay_Bruce Grace's Guide "George Barclay Bruce"]; Retrieved on 24 Jun 2016</ref>. .

The first section of line, from [[Madras]] to [[Arcot]], was not opened to traffic until 1 July 1856.

In 1859, its object was given as "the construction and working of a railway from Madras to the western coast at [[Beypore]], with branches to [[Bangalore]] and the [[Neilgherries]]; also of a line from Madras, ''via'' [[Bellary]], to join the line from [[Bombay]] - total, about 820 miles." <ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.1</ref>

== History ==
Headquartered in Madras, whence its lines radiated, the Madras Railway was built to Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]).

The [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the Madras Railway“]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|
‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] Line sanctioned 862 miles(1387km), Line opened 1870/71 125 miles(201km),
giving total Line length 832 miles(1339km) and 30 miles(48km) to be finished’. The Report also details the
[[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Madras_Railway._Paragraphs_65.2C66.3B_Page_35|‘progress of the railway and the commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for Report details.''

In 1887, July-September, the engineer [[Charles Albert Bull]] is recorded as being deployed from the Railway Branch of the [[Public Works Department]] to undertake a survey, this would be to continue the expansion of the MR network.

In 1901 the southern part of [[East Coast State Railway]](ECSR), renamed [[Madras (North-East) Railway]] was transferred to MR.

It was the last [[Guaranteed Railways|guaranteed railway]] to fall to Government of India ([[Government of India |GoI]]) ownership (31 December 1907).

On 1 Jan 1908, the northern portion (ie the north east, north west and [[Bangalore]] branches) was merged with the [[Southern Mahratta Railway]](SMR) to form the [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]](M&SMR). The southern section of [[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline]] section, became part of the [[South Indian Railway]](SIR).

The [[Government of India |GoI]] took over the management of the M&SMR on 1 April 1944.

On 14 April 1951, M&SMR together with SIR and MSR became [[Southern Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].

==Madras Railway - Construction and Bridges==
[[Madras Railway Bridges and Constructions|'''Madras Railway Bridges and Constructions''' - ''see separate page for details '']]

==Madras Railway Lines==
The Madras Railway (MR) constructed and worked an extensive network of broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) lines.

In addition, in 1901, the southern part of [[East Coast State Railway]](ECSR), renamed [[Madras (North-East) Railway]] was transferred to MR and became part of the MR network.

The MR contract expired on 31 Dec 1907, at this point the BG route mileage was 1449 miles(2331km)
*From 1 Jan 1908 the [[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline]] section, being 417 miles(671km), was transferred from MR to the [[South Indian Railway]](SIR).
*The remaining BG lines, 1032 miles(1660km) were taken over by the [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]](M&SMR)

The MR also worked several lines on behalf of other parties. The metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]] and the [[Shoranur-Cochin Railway]]; together with the 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) [[Morappur-Dharmapuri-Hosur Railway|Morappur-Dharmapuri]] and [[Tirupattur-Krishnagiri Railway|Tirupattur-Krishnagiri]] famine protection railways owned by the [[Government of India]].

'''[[Madras Railway – Lines owned and worked]]''' gives details of the Mainline routes together with Branches, the line lengths and dates of opening
*'BG Lines - owned and worked by Madras Railway(MR)'
**Madras-Jalapet SW Mainline (and Royauram Branch Line; Ranipet Branch Line, Bangalore Branch Line)
**Arkonam-Raichur NW Mainline
**Madras-Waltair NE Mainline (and Samalkot Junction-Cocanada Branch Line; Waltair-Vizagapatam Branch Line)
**[[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline]] (and Mettupalaiyam Branch Line; Palghat Branch Line)
*'Railways worked by Madras Railway(MR)' - giving details of lines worked by MR on behalf of other parties and the reallocation of these arrangements to SIR and M&SMR from 1908 onwards

==Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Workshops==
The [[Madras Railway - Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Workshops]] was moved from Madras, established in [[Perambur]] in 1863 and progressively extended. In 1901 a major expansion commenced by the Deputy Locomotive Superintendent Mr [[A Pilkington]] under the orders of Mr [[C E Phillips]], Locomotive Superintendent at that time. These workshops became the M&SMR workshops in 1908.

== Records ==
Refer to FIBIS Fact File #4: “Research sources for Indian Railways, 1845-1947” - available from the [http://www.fibis.org/store/fibis-books-and-publications/bff-0004-research-sources-for-indian-railways-1845-1947/ Fibis shop]. This Fact File contains invaluable advice on 'Researching ancestors in the UK records of Indian Railways' with particular reference to the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) held at the [[British Library]]

An on-line search of the IOR records relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 26 Jan 2016</ref>
gives many references. The most important being:-
*'''L/AG/46/15''' “Records of the Madras Railway Company; 1852-1937”
*'''L/AG/46/33''' “Records of the India Office relating to the Madras and Southern MahrattaRailway Company; 1882-1930”

==Personnel==
Unfortunately there are no Staff agreements held at the [[British Library]] in the [[India Office Records]].

The following have been identified from various sources:-
*[[Henry Burdett Hederstedt]], date unspecified but probably in the early 1860's for a short time, Madras Railway, 'joined the staff' <ref name=biog>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1915.16286 Institution of Civil Engineers "Obituary Henry Burdett Hederstedt"] Retrieved on 21 Jul 2016</ref>, he later moved on to [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]], Chief Engineer,.
*[[Frederick Charles Bullmore]],1865 appointed to 'Madras Railway'. He was successively engaged in superintending the construction of three districts of the North-West line, aggregating a length of 40 miles, and was in 1867 promoted from the fourth to the third class. 1877 he re-entered service and was employed until his decease in 1887 in the maintenance of various divisions <ref>[https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Frederick_Charles_Bullmore Grace's Guide 'Frederick Charles Bullmore']; Retrieved 3 Apr 2020</ref>.
*[[Henry Thomas Geoghegan]], from the [[Public Works Department]] was in 1885 posted as Superintending Engineer for the Madras State Railway Survey <ref>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA501 Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 501 (pdf page 464)] Retrieved on 30 May 2016</ref>.
*[[Henry James Oddie]], from the PWD was in 1890 posted as Executive Engineer <ref> India Civil List 1890, page 41</ref>.
*[[A M Saunders]], Agent and Manager Madras Railway 1879 and 1880 [[Indian_Railway_Conference_Association#Railway_Conference| ‘Railway Conference’ delegate]]
*[[F H Trevithick]], Locomotive Superintendent Madras railway 1880 [[Indian_Railway_Conference_Association#Railway_Conference| ‘Railway Conference’ delegate]]

==Further Information==
See '''[[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]]'''(M&SMR) for information from 1908 onwards.

==External links==
*[https://madrascourier.com/insight/how-the-madras-rail-evolved-into-the-third-largest-rail-system/ "How the Madras Rail Evolved into the Third Largest Rail System"] 13 April 2018 ''Madras Courier''

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Cawnpore-Burhwal Railway

2021-03-14T15:28:11Z

PEA-2292: 'Stations Infobox' info added

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|route= [[Cawnpore]] to [[Burwhal]]
|gauge1= Metre gauge
|gauge1details= 80 miles (1905)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1896
|timeline1details= Line opened
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date
|timeline3details=
|date4=
|date4details=
|date5=
|date5details=
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|stations= [[Bara Banki]], '''[[Lucknow]] ''', [[Malhaur]], [[Unao]]
''See also separate page'' [[Lucknow_Railways_and_Stations#Lucknow_Stations| ''' Lucknow Junction Station''']] ''for details''
|system1date=
|system1details= [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|auxillary forces=
}}

To the south and north of the River Ganges lay the extensive metre-gauge systems of the [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]](BB&CIR) and the [[Bengal and North-Western Railway]](B&NWR).

The '''Cawnpore-Burhwal Railway''' was a state line worked by the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]] (O&RR); it was simply an existing branch of the O&RR to which a third rail was added, creating a short, mixed-gauge link between the BB&CIR and B&NWR networks.
<ref>[https://indianrailwaynotes.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/north-eastern-railway.pdf "Indian Railway Line History" page 11 by Keith Scholey]; Retrieved 10 Dec 2015</ref>
<ref>[https://ia801009.us.archive.org/8/items/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System.pdf " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 135]; Retrieved 17 Dec 2015</ref>

This Metre Gauge Link was owned by the Government of India and managed as part of the O&RR ( which became East Indian Railway from 1st July 1925). The line was later incorporated into the [[Cawnpore-Barabanki Railway]] .

==External Links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cawnpore-Barabanki_Railway "Cawnpore-Barabanki Railway"] Wikipedia

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway

2021-03-14T15:13:38Z

PEA-2292:

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|route= [[Lucknow]] to [[Bareilly]] [[Mailani]] to [[Chandan Chowki]] (branch)
|gauge1= Metre gauge
|gauge1details= 237 miles (1905)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date=
|timeline1details=
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|stations= ''' [[Lucknow]] ''', [[Daliganj]], [[Sitapur]], [[Kheri]], [[Pilibhit]], [[Bhojeepura]], [[Bareilly]]
''See also separate page'' [[Lucknow_Railways_and_Stations#Lucknow_Stations| ''' Lucknow Junction Station''']] ''for details''
|system1date=
|system1details= [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
}}

The '''Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway''' (LBSR) was a metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) railway which formed an alternative northern "loop" between the cities of [[Lucknow]] and [[Bareilly]] to the broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) main line of the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]].

The [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]](R&KR) worked the LBSR. The R&KR was also a [[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]] railway, and together with the [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] [[Powayan Light Railway]], the three railways were worked using shared facilities but retaining separate identities.

==History==
The LBSR was formed in 1891 from merger of [[Lucknow-Sitapur & Bareilly Railway]] and [[Bareilly-Pilibheet Provincial State Railway]]; worked by [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]](R&KR)
<ref>[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-in-india "Guaranteed Railways in India"] ''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)</ref>
<ref name=Admin1918>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n209/mode/1up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 201 pdf 209]; Retrieved 19 Dec 2015</ref>.

The LBSR expanded from 237 miles(379km) in 1905 to 312 miles(499km) in 1918 and worked as part of the R&KR system <ref name=Admin1918/>.

The LBSR was amalgamated in 1943 with the [[Bengal and North-Western Railway]](B&NWR) and the [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]] (R&KR) to form the [[Oudh and Tirhut Railway]](O&TR).
<ref>Great Britain. Law Commission, Stationery Office [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"]; page 118, paragraph 3.15. Retrieved on 31 December 2015.</ref>

==LBSR Lines with Branches and Extensions==
*[[Lucknow-Bareilly LBSR Mainline]], opened in stages 1884-91; [[Lucknow]] via [[Sitapur]], [[Mailani ]]( Lakimpur and Gola Gokaran Nath), [[Pilibhit]], [[Bhojeepura]] to [[Bareilly]]. Total length 198 miles( 317km) <ref name=Admin1918/>
** ‘Bareilly Grain Siding Branch Line’, opened 1894, 1.75 miles (2.8km) <ref name=Admin1918/>
** ‘Miailani-Sonaripur Branch’, opened 1893-94, 31 miles(49km) .This line ran from [[Mailani]] through the forest to Marauncha Ghat on the River Sarda, which is crossed by a temporary bridge to [[Sonaripur]] <ref name=Gaz15,273>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_279.gif “Imperial Gazetteer of India” v. 15, p. 273]; Retrieved 8 Dec 2016</ref>.
** ‘Kaurialaghat Extension Line’ a further extension of the ’Miailani-Sonaripur Branch’ (see above) reaching Kaurialaghat in 1911, an additional 20 miles(33km) <ref name=Admin1918/>.
** ‘Chandon Chok Extension Line’, opened 1903, 7.6 miles(12km) <ref name=Admin1918/> from [[Dudhwa]] on the LBSR Mainline to Mahan River at the Nepal frontier, used chiefly for the export of grain and forest products <ref name=Gaz15,273/> .
** ‘Gauri Phanta Extension Line’, opened 1903, 14 miles24km) from [[Dudhwa]] to Gauri Phanta <ref name=Admin1918/>.
** ‘Barmdee Extension Line’, opened 1912, 39 miles(62km) from [[Pilibhit]] to Barmadee

==Lines Surveyed/Proposed by R&KR as Agent==
* ‘Dudhwa Branch Extension’ and ‘Ramnager Ghat Extension’, first proposed in 1895 by as a branch of the LBSR as a ‘forest siding which could be extended gradually as the forests were opened out and their produce made available to the public’. The Agent, the R&KR, had proposed for development as part- of R&KR system. The line when complete would be c.26 miles. The first section was opened in 1903 from [[Dudhwa]] to the Mahan River as the ‘Chandon Chok Extension Line’ ''(see above)'' <ref name=History1906>[https://archive.org/stream/RailwayProjects/Railway%20projects#page/n80/mode/1up “Histories of (Indian)Railway Projects ...up to June 1906” page 42]; Retrieved 8 Dec 2016</ref>. The remaining 20 miles,‘Sonaripur-Ramnager Ghat Extension Line’ , was still pending in 1906 <ref name=History1906/>. ''There is no evidence this Extension was completed.''
* ‘Pilibhit-Barmedo Branch’, 38 miles, surveyed in 1903 by the Agents, the R&KR, on behalf of the LBSR. ‘To be constructed from funds provided by the State as an extension to the LBSR, to which it will act as a feeder. It will serve lower Kumaon and the forests on the banks of the Sarda River’ <ref name=History1906/>.''There is no evidence this Branch Line was completed.''

==Records==
Refer to FIBIS Fact File #4: “Research sources for Indian Railways, 1845-1947” - available from the [http://www.fibis.org/store/fibis-books-and-publications/bff-0004-research-sources-for-indian-railways-1845-1947/ Fibis shop]. This Fact File contains invaluable advice on 'Researching ancestors in the UK records of Indian Railways' with particular reference to the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) held at the [[British Library]]

An on-line search of the IOR records relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 26 Jan 2016</ref>
gives the following: -
*'''L /F/8/19/1436 ''' “Rohilkund and Kumaon and Lucknow Bareilly State Railways and Powayan Steam Tramway, Reprint of contracts showing modifications up to and includng the contract of July 3rd 1914; 1917”
*'''L /AG/46/35 ''' “Records of the India Office relating to the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway Company; 1882-1931” – ‘The Company also managed the Lucknow-Bareilly State’

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway

2021-03-14T15:12:48Z

PEA-2292: 'Stations Infobox' info added

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image= Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway Logo b.jpg
|caption= Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway Logo
|timeline1date=
|timeline1details=
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|company1=
|company1details= [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]]
|company2=
|company2details= [[Powayan Light Railway]]
|company3= from 1891
|company3details= [[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway]]
|company4= before 1891
|company4details= [[Lucknow-Sitapur-Sihramau Railway]]
|company5= before 1891
|company5details= [[Bareilly-Pilibheet Provincial State Railway]]
|company6=
|company6details=
|company7=
|company7details=
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9=
|company9details=
|company10=
|company10details=
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12=
|company12details=
|headquarters= [[Izatnagar]]
|workshop= [[Bareilly]]
|stations= [[Bareilly]], '''[[Lucknow]]''', [[Mailani]], [[Pilibhit]], [[Shahjahanpur]]
''See also separate page'' [[Lucknow_Railways_and_Stations#Lucknow_Stations| ''' Lucknow Junction Station''']] ''for details''
|system1date= 1943
|system1details= [[Oudh and Tirhut Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Metre gauge
|gauge1details= 331 miles (1905) 687 miles (1943)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces=
}}

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|route= [[Bareilly]] to [[Kathgodam]]
|gauge1= Metre gauge
|gauge1details= 54 miles (1905)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1882
|timeline1details= Company registered
|timeline2date= 1884
|timeline2details= Open to traffic
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|stations= [[Bhojeepura]], [[Laikua]], [[Haldwani]]
|system1date=
|system1details= Worked by [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
}} '''Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway''' (R&KR) was a metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) railway whose northern terminus at [[Kathgodam]] served the submontane belt of the [[United Provinces]] between [[Lucknow]] and [[Moradabad]], as well as a number of hill stations, such as [[Naini Tal]].
[[File:Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway 1909 Map v2.png|thumb| Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway 1909]]
[[File:Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway 1931 Map.png|thumb| Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway 1931]]
[[File:R&K Railway System 1937 Map.png|thumb| R&KR System 1937]]

The ‘Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway Company’ started construction and working of a railway line from Bhojeepura (near [[Bareilly]]) to [[Kathgodam]] under a contract dated 12 Oct 1882. This was the original main line and opened on 12 Oct 1884 and ran 54 miles(84km) in a north-westerly direction to [[Kathgodam]].

The R&KR also had working agreements with both the [[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]] ‘[[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway]]’ and the [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] ‘[[Powayan Light Railway]]’. The three railways were worked using shared facilities, classified as the ‘Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway System’ but retaining separate identities. ''See ‘Lines Worked’ and ‘Records' below''

In 1906 the R&KR extended the line from [[Bareilly]] to Soron where it joined existing MG line to Kasganj.
The ‘Kasganj-Soron Section’ had been constructed by the State Government in 1885 as part of the ‘[[Rajputana-Malwa Railway]]’(RMR) ‘Cawnpore-Achnera Line ‘and in 1906 was passed to the R&KR. The extensions from Moradabad to Kashipur, Kashipur to Ramnagar and Lalkuan to Kashipur were completed by 1908
<ref name=Hist>[http://www.ner.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1531745993019-From%20the%20pages%20of%20history.pdf ‘Government of India’ - “NorthEastern Railway – From the pages of History” ]; Retrieved 1 Jun 2019</ref>.

The railway was progressively extended and by 1912 the R&KR covered 256 miles(412km); and the R&KR also worked the ‘[[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway]] ‘296 miles(476km) and together with the ‘[[Powayan Light Railway]]’; giving a total network of 592 miles(953km) <ref name=Lalvani>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q4SlCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA218#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books “The Making of India: The Untold Story of British Enterprise” by Kartar Lalvani, page 218]; Retrieved 8 Dec 2016</ref>.

The lines from Pilibhit to Carewganj and Shabaznager were completed by 1916 <ref name=Hist/>

The 1918 “Administration Report” <ref name=Admin1918/> gives a total of 610 miles(982km) for the ‘Rohilkund and Kumaon System’ comprising the actual ‘R&KR’ 259 miles(417km); the ‘[[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway ]]’ 312 miles(502km); and the ‘[[Powayan Light Railway]]’ (39 miles(63km)

The 1937 “History of Indian Railways” <ref name=Hist183>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 183 pdf 224]; Retrieved 24 Sept 2020</ref> gives a total of 571 miles(919km) for the ‘Rohilkund and Kumaon System’ comprising the actual ‘R&KR’ unchanged at 259 miles(417km); the ‘[[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway ]]’ unchanged at 312 miles(502km). The ‘[[Powayan Light Railway]]’ having closed in WW1

== Company History ==
The Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway Company, Limited, was a Joint Stock Company with limited liability, having its registered office in London<ref name=IOR>British Library ‘India Office Records’ L/F/8/13/977 “Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway- Contract for advance of capital and as to debentures supplemental to the Contact dated 8 Sep 1890” , 1892</ref> . The company was privately owned and worked from formation in 1882

In 1883 [[Alexander Izat]] was appointed Director, prior to this he was employed by the [[Railway Branch - Public Works Department (PWD)]] where he had served in various parts of India and was instrumental in initiating and carrying out many metre-gauge extensions<ref name=biog>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Alexander_Izat Grace's Guide "Alexander Izat"]; Retrieved on 18 Jul 2016</ref>. He represented R&KR at the [[Indian Railway Conference Association]] and remained as Director, until his retirement in 1904. In 1918 he is recorded as being R&KR Chairman with headquarters in London <ref name=Admin1918/>

The R&KR remained a private Company until nationalisation in 1943 when it was amalgamated with the [[Bengal and North-Western Railway]](B&NWR), with which it had been closely associated, and the [[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway]], to form the [[Oudh and Tirhut Railway]](O&TR).

In turn, in 1952, the [[Oudh and Tirhut Railway]] became part of 'North Eastern Railway', a zone of [[Indian Railways]].

==Lines owned and operated by R&KR==
Information mainly based on the “Administration Report for Railways 1918” <ref name=Admin1918>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n204/mode/1up "Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 196]; Retrieved 8 Dec 2016</ref>.
*[[Bhojeepura-Kathgodam R&KR Mainline]] from Bhojeepura (near [[Bareilly]] to [[Kathgodam]] , 1884; 54 miles(84km)
**‘Kasganj Extension Line’ from [[Bareilly]] to Soron, 1885; to [[Kasganj]], 1906; 63 miles(100km).
**‘Ramnagar Extension Line’ from [[Moradabad]] via the ‘[[Ramganga Bridge]]' to [[Ramnagar]], 1907-8; 48 miles(76km)
**‘Kashipur Extension Line’ from [[Lalkua]] to [[Kashipur]], 1907; 36 miles(57km). This line surveyed as [[Kichha-Kashipur Extension Survey| ‘Kichha-Kashipur Extension Survey’ ''- see separate page'']]
**‘Shahjahanpur Extension Line’ from [[Pilibhit]] 1911; reaching [[Shahjahanpur]] 1916; 56 miles(89km)

==Lines worked by R&KR==
*[[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway]](LBSR), was formed in 1891 from the merger of the [[Lucknow-Sitapur-Sihramau Railway]] and [[Bareilly-Pilibheet Provincial State Railway]] <ref name=IOR/>. The metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) railway formed an alternative northern "loop" between the cities of [[Lucknow]] and [[Bareilly]] to the broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) main line of the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]]. The MG of 198 miles (317km) in 1891; extended to 312 miles(500km) by 1918 <ref name=Admin1918/> and the same in 1937<ref name=Hist190>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 190 pdf 231]; Retrieved 24 Sept 2020</ref>.
*[[Powayan Light Railway]], from the 17 Dec 1900 worked by R&KR, a 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) line of 39 miles(62km) length <ref name=Admin1918/> and dismantled in WW1 <ref name=Hist183/> [[Powayan Light Railway| ''see separate page for information'']]

==Lines Surveyed/Proposed by R&KR==
* [[Kichha-Kashipur Extension Survey| ‘Kichha-Kashipur Extension Survey’ ''- see separate page'']] surveyed 1894-98 which became the ‘R&KR Kasganj Extension Line’ listed above
* ‘Kathgodam-Nainital Branch’, proposed by private enterprise in 1895 for the development of Kuaon and Nainitial districts. It was to be a 2ft/610mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) line, 13 miles(21km) line at estimated cost RS.12 lakhs. The concession lapsed in 1898 <ref name=History1906>[https://archive.org/stream/RailwayProjects/Railway%20projects#page/n80/mode/1up “Histories of (Indian)Railway Projects ...up to June 1906” page 42]; Retrieved 3 Oct 2017</ref>.
* ‘Philibhit-Sitapur Railway’, sanctioned for survey 1905-6; MG line from [[Pilibhit]] - Bisalpur to [[Shahjahanpur]] and thence to [[Sitapur]], a length of about 105 miles(168km) <ref name=History1906/>.
** 'Philibhit - Shahjahanpur Section’ was constructed by R&KR as ’Shahjahanpur Extension Line’, opened 1911-16 - ''see above'';
** ‘Shahjahanpur - Sitapur Section’ was constructed the East Indian Railway]](EIR] as a broad gauge(BG) line from Rosa (just south of Shahjahanpur ) to Sitapur Cantonment and opened in 1910-14 and became the [[East_Indian_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#Northern_Main_Line|EIR ‘‘Rosa-Sitapur Branch’]]
* ‘Dudhwa Branch Extension’ and ‘Ramnager Ghat Extension’, first proposed in 1895 by the Agents, the R&KR, on behalf of the [[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway]](LBSR) - ''[[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway|see for information]]'' <ref name=History1906/>.
* ‘Pilibhit-Barmedo Branch’, surveyed in 1903 by the Agents, the R&KR, on behalf of the [[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway]](LBSR) - ''[[Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway|see for information]]'' <ref name=History1906/>

==Records==
An on-line search of the IOR records relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 27 Jan 2016</ref>
gives many references. The most important being:-
*'''L/AG/46/35''' “ Records of the India Office relating to the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway Company; 1882-1931"
*'''L/F/7/2382-2391''' “Collection 380: Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway, date unspecified"

==Personnel Records==
There are no personnel or staff records held in the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) held at the [[British Library]]

There is a photograph dated 1911 in the British Library ‘Satow Collection’:

"Miscellaneous Portrait Groups of Railway Officials" Photo 1082/13(4) with the following Catalogue Note <ref>[https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/indiaofficeselect/PhotoEnqFull.asp?PrintID=123273 India Office Records “Officers of R. & K. Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway, Feb. 1911". Photo 1082/13(4))]; Retrieved on 21 Jul 2016</ref>:-

Officers of Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway, Feb. 1911.
Group portrait of railway officials, with identifications written on mount as follows:
*front row, seated on ground: Kellie, Edwards, Welsh;
*second row, seated: Bruce, Izat, Finlayson, Robb, Ralston;
*third row, standing: Steyn, Bannister, Storrar, O'Brien, Irons, Young, Smith;
*back row, standing: Sandes, Donaldson, Will, Clark, Addis

''The R&KR officers detailed above have not been identified at the present time.''

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Assisted Railways]]

Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway

2021-03-14T15:01:17Z

PEA-2292: 'Stations Infobox' info added

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|route= [[Lucknow]] to [[Bareilly]] [[Mailani]] to [[Chandan Chowki]] (branch)
|gauge1= Metre gauge
|gauge1details= 237 miles (1905)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date=
|timeline1details=
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|stations= ''' [[Lucknow]] ''', [[Daliganj]], [[Sitapur]], [[Kheri]], [[Pilibhit]], [[Bhojeepura]], [[Bareilly]]
See also separate page [[Lucknow_Railways_and_Stations#Lucknow_Stations| ''' Lucknow Junction Station''']] for details
|system1date=
|system1details= [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
}}

The '''Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway''' (LBSR) was a metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) railway which formed an alternative northern "loop" between the cities of [[Lucknow]] and [[Bareilly]] to the broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) main line of the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]].

The [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]](R&KR) worked the LBSR. The R&KR was also a [[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]] railway, and together with the [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] [[Powayan Light Railway]], the three railways were worked using shared facilities but retaining separate identities.

==History==
The LBSR was formed in 1891 from merger of [[Lucknow-Sitapur & Bareilly Railway]] and [[Bareilly-Pilibheet Provincial State Railway]]; worked by [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]](R&KR)
<ref>[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-in-india "Guaranteed Railways in India"] ''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)</ref>
<ref name=Admin1918>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n209/mode/1up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 201 pdf 209]; Retrieved 19 Dec 2015</ref>.

The LBSR expanded from 237 miles(379km) in 1905 to 312 miles(499km) in 1918 and worked as part of the R&KR system <ref name=Admin1918/>.

The LBSR was amalgamated in 1943 with the [[Bengal and North-Western Railway]](B&NWR) and the [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]] (R&KR) to form the [[Oudh and Tirhut Railway]](O&TR).
<ref>Great Britain. Law Commission, Stationery Office [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"]; page 118, paragraph 3.15. Retrieved on 31 December 2015.</ref>

==LBSR Lines with Branches and Extensions==
*[[Lucknow-Bareilly LBSR Mainline]], opened in stages 1884-91; [[Lucknow]] via [[Sitapur]], [[Mailani ]]( Lakimpur and Gola Gokaran Nath), [[Pilibhit]], [[Bhojeepura]] to [[Bareilly]]. Total length 198 miles( 317km) <ref name=Admin1918/>
** ‘Bareilly Grain Siding Branch Line’, opened 1894, 1.75 miles (2.8km) <ref name=Admin1918/>
** ‘Miailani-Sonaripur Branch’, opened 1893-94, 31 miles(49km) .This line ran from [[Mailani]] through the forest to Marauncha Ghat on the River Sarda, which is crossed by a temporary bridge to [[Sonaripur]] <ref name=Gaz15,273>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_279.gif “Imperial Gazetteer of India” v. 15, p. 273]; Retrieved 8 Dec 2016</ref>.
** ‘Kaurialaghat Extension Line’ a further extension of the ’Miailani-Sonaripur Branch’ (see above) reaching Kaurialaghat in 1911, an additional 20 miles(33km) <ref name=Admin1918/>.
** ‘Chandon Chok Extension Line’, opened 1903, 7.6 miles(12km) <ref name=Admin1918/> from [[Dudhwa]] on the LBSR Mainline to Mahan River at the Nepal frontier, used chiefly for the export of grain and forest products <ref name=Gaz15,273/> .
** ‘Gauri Phanta Extension Line’, opened 1903, 14 miles24km) from [[Dudhwa]] to Gauri Phanta <ref name=Admin1918/>.
** ‘Barmdee Extension Line’, opened 1912, 39 miles(62km) from [[Pilibhit]] to Barmadee

==Lines Surveyed/Proposed by R&KR as Agent==
* ‘Dudhwa Branch Extension’ and ‘Ramnager Ghat Extension’, first proposed in 1895 by as a branch of the LBSR as a ‘forest siding which could be extended gradually as the forests were opened out and their produce made available to the public’. The Agent, the R&KR, had proposed for development as part- of R&KR system. The line when complete would be c.26 miles. The first section was opened in 1903 from [[Dudhwa]] to the Mahan River as the ‘Chandon Chok Extension Line’ ''(see above)'' <ref name=History1906>[https://archive.org/stream/RailwayProjects/Railway%20projects#page/n80/mode/1up “Histories of (Indian)Railway Projects ...up to June 1906” page 42]; Retrieved 8 Dec 2016</ref>. The remaining 20 miles,‘Sonaripur-Ramnager Ghat Extension Line’ , was still pending in 1906 <ref name=History1906/>. ''There is no evidence this Extension was completed.''
* ‘Pilibhit-Barmedo Branch’, 38 miles, surveyed in 1903 by the Agents, the R&KR, on behalf of the LBSR. ‘To be constructed from funds provided by the State as an extension to the LBSR, to which it will act as a feeder. It will serve lower Kumaon and the forests on the banks of the Sarda River’ <ref name=History1906/>.''There is no evidence this Branch Line was completed.''

==Records==
Refer to FIBIS Fact File #4: “Research sources for Indian Railways, 1845-1947” - available from the [http://www.fibis.org/store/fibis-books-and-publications/bff-0004-research-sources-for-indian-railways-1845-1947/ Fibis shop]. This Fact File contains invaluable advice on 'Researching ancestors in the UK records of Indian Railways' with particular reference to the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) held at the [[British Library]]

An on-line search of the IOR records relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 26 Jan 2016</ref>
gives the following: -
*'''L /F/8/19/1436 ''' “Rohilkund and Kumaon and Lucknow Bareilly State Railways and Powayan Steam Tramway, Reprint of contracts showing modifications up to and includng the contract of July 3rd 1914; 1917”
*'''L /AG/46/35 ''' “Records of the India Office relating to the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway Company; 1882-1931” – ‘The Company also managed the Lucknow-Bareilly State’

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Southern Punjab Railway

2021-03-09T09:33:23Z

PEA-2292: Infobow revised re 'Stations'

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|route= [[Delhi]] to [[Samasata]] [[McLeod Ganj]] to [[Ludhiana]] [[Narwana]] to [[Kaithal]] (branch)
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 502 miles (1905)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date=
|timeline1details=
|timeline2date= 1897
|timeline2details= Delhi to Samasata line opened to traffic
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date= 1930
|timeline5details= Line acquired by State and merged into NWR
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|stations= [[Bahawalpur]], [[Bhatinda]], [[Fazilka]], [[Ferozepore]], [[Ghaziabad]], [[Jakhai]], [[Rohtak]]
[[Ghaziabad]] was the connection to [[Delhi]] - see separate page [[Delhi_Railways_%26_Stations#Delhi_Stations| ''Delhi Stations''']] for details
|system1date=
|system1details= Worked by [[North Western Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
}}

The '''Southern Punjab Railway'''(SPR) was a broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line built to provide a more direct connection from [[Karachi]] to [[Delhi]] by linking to the original [[Indus Valley State Railway|Indus Valley]] line at [[Samasata]] and avoiding the [[North Western Railway]] loop via [[Lahore]].
<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazilka_railway_station Wikipedia "Fazilka railway station"]; Retrieved 13 Dec 2015</ref>

==History==
The '''Southern Punjab Railway'''(SPR) Company was formed in 1895 with [[Bradford Leslie]] as Chairman. Under contract with the Secretary of State for India, Leslie and his partners formed the company to build a BG Railway from [[Delhi]] to [[Samasata]] about 400 miles to the west.

[[Horace Bell ]] was the Consulting Engineer for SPR in London for the construction.,

The Mainline ran north west from [[Delhi]] to [[Bhatinda]] then south west through Bahawalpur State to [[Samasata]], a total distance of 402 miles(643km). Several extension lines (Jullunder, Sutlej Valley etc.) extended the length to 502 miles(803km) in 1905.

The SPR Mainline and the extensions were all worked by the ‘[[North Western Railway]]’(NWR) , each line reported financially individually until purchased by Government in 1929-30. From that time onwards the each line was absorbed into the ‘NWR System’.

==SPR Network of Lines ==
The listings below are generally based on the “Administration Report on Railways 1918” <ref name=Admin>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n121/mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” pages 120-126 (pdf 129-134]; Retrieved 2 Nov 2020</ref> with page numbers (and pdf pages) noted at the end of each entry.

This 1918 Report <ref name=Admin/> details the ‘SPR Network’ as part of the ‘NWR System’ but with the ‘Statistics of Working’ (route mileages, capital outlay, income etc) for each part of the SPR given as a separate entities..

''Significant later information is shown in italics. The listings below includes information concerning the changes from 1929-30 when the SPR was fully integrated into the NWR System'' '' <ref name=Hist151>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 151-156 pdf 190-195]; Retrieved 2 Nov 2020</ref>

===SPR Mainline and Branches ===
[[File: Southern Punjab Railway Map 1909.png|600px|right| Southern Punjab Railway Map 1909]]
Total broad gauge [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line length 426 miles(685km). Page 121(pdf 130)
* ‘[[Delhi-Samasata Railway|Delhi-Samasata Mainline]]’, from [[Delhi]] via [[Narwana]], [[Jakhal]], [[Bhatinda]] to [[Samasata]], opened 1897, 399 miles(642km). ''From 1929-30 this became the ‘NWR Samastra-Bhatinda-Delhi Section’ ''
** ‘Delhi Brewery Branch Line’, opened 1909, 0.8 mile(1.3km)
** ‘[[Narwana-Kaithal Railway|Narwana-Kaithal Branch Line]]’, opened 1899, from [[Narwana]] to [[Kaithal]], 23 miles(37km). ''From 1929-30 this became the ‘NWR Narwana- Kurukshetra Section’, 53 miles(85km) by putting together the ’SPR Narwana-Kaithal Line’ with the [[Thanesar-Kaithal Railway| ‘Thanesar-Kaithal Railway’ from Kaithal to Kurukshetra - see separate page]] ''
** ‘Jind City Branch Line’, from [[Jhind|Jind]] Junction to [[Jhind|Jind]] City, opened 1916, 2.5 miles(4km). ''From 1929-30 this became the ‘NWR Jind-Panipat Section’, 18 miles(29km) by putting together the ‘SPR Jind City Branch Line’ with the [[Jind-Panipat Railway | ‘Jind-Panipat Railway’ from Jind to Panipat - see separate page]] ''

===[[Jullundur-Doab Railway| Jullundur-Doab Extension Railway]]===
Classified under the ‘SPR Network’ as part of the ‘NWR System’ . Total broad gauge [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line length 130 miles(209km). Page 123(pdf132)
* ‘[[Jullunder-Ferozepore Mainline]]', [[Jullunder]] via Karpurthala, Sultanpur Lodi, Lohian Khas, Gidarpind, Makhu to [[Ferozepore]] Cantonment, opened 1912-14, 73 miles(117km). ''From 1929-30 this became the ‘NWR Jullundur Doab Extension’''
** ‘Phillaur Branch Line’, Lohian Khas to [[Phillaur]], opened 1913, 39 miles(63km) . ''From 1929-30 this became the ‘NWR Phillaur-Lohian Khas Branch’ ''
** ‘[[Jullundur-Nakodar Chord Railway]]' known as the ‘Nakodar Branch Line’, [[Jullunder]] to [[Nakodar]], opened 1914, 19 miles(30km) . ''From 1929-30 this became the ‘NWR Jullundur City-Nakodar Branch’''

===[[Ludhiana Extension Railway]]===
Classified under the ‘SPR Network’ as part of the ‘NWR System’ . Total broad gauge [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line length 152 miles(244km). Page 123(pdf132)'
* ‘Ludhiana-Ferozepore Line’, [[Ludhiana]] to [[Ferozepore]], opened 1905, 77 miles(124km)
* ‘Ferozepore-MacLeod Ganj Line’, [[Ferozepore]] to [[McLeod Ganj ]](a suburb of [[Dharamsala]]), opened 1906, 75 miles(120km)
* ''From 1929-30 these two lines together became the ‘NWR Ludhiana Extension Railway’''

===[[Sutlej Valley Railway| Sutlej Valley Extension Railway]]===
Classified under the ‘SPR Network’ as part of the ‘NWR System’ . Total broad gauge [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line length 208 miles(335km). Pages 124-5(pdf135-6)
* ‘[[Kasur-Lodhran Railway]]', [[Kasur]] to [[Lodhran]], opened 1910, closed and dismantled 1917-18, 208 miles(335km). Reconstructed 1923-26 with line length 213 miles(343km). ''From 1929-30 this became the [[Sutlej Valley Railway| ‘NWR Sutlej Valley Extension Railway’]]

===[[Ludhiana-Dhuri-Jakhal Railway]]===
Classified under the ‘SPR Network’ as part of the ‘NWR System’ . Total broad gauge [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line length 79 miles(127km). Page 115(pdf124)
*[[Ludhiana]] via [[Dhuri]] to [[Jakhal]], opened 1901. Managed, maintained and worked by [[North Western Railway]] (NWR) under an Agreement with the [[Princely states|Princely ]][[Maler Kotla State]] Durbar and the [[Jhind State]] Durbars. The line was used by SPR linking the ’[[Delhi-Samasata Railway|Delhi-Samasata Mainline]]’ at [[Jakhal]] with '[[Ludhiana Extension Railway]]' at [[Ludhiana]]. ''From 1929-30 this became the [[Ludhiana-Dhuri-Jakhal Railway | ‘NWR Ludhiana-Dhuri-Jakhal Railway’]]

==Records==
Refer to FIBIS Fact File #4: “Research sources for Indian Railways, 1845-1947” - available from the [http://www.fibis.org/store/fibis-books-and-publications/bff-0004-research-sources-for-indian-railways-1845-1947/ Fibis shop]. This Fact File contains invaluable advice on 'Researching ancestors in the UK records of Indian Railways' with particular reference to the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) held at the [[British Library]]

An on-line search of the IOR records relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved Jan 2016</ref>
gives many references. The most important being:-
*'''L/AG/46/39''' “Records of the India Office relating to the Southern Punjab Railway Company; 1895-1914".'
*'''L/F/7/2607-2615''' “Collection 401: Southern Punjab Railway, date unspecified"

also concerning the working of the Southern Punjab Railway by NWR.
*'''L/AG/46/34''' “ Records of the India Office relating to the North Western State Railway",

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Assisted Railways]]

North Western Railway

2021-03-09T09:19:39Z

PEA-2292: 'Stations' infobox revised with link

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=NWR Engine.jpg
|caption=
|route= [[Karachi]] to [[Quetta]] [[Karachi]] to [[Lahore]] [[Lahore]] to [[Delhi]] [[Lahore]] to [[Peshawar]]
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 3186 miles (1905) 6861 miles (1947)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1886
|timeline1details= Formed by merger of several railways, viz: [[Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway]] [[Indus Valley State Railway]] [[Punjab Northern State Railway]]
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date= 1930
|timeline5details= [[Southern Punjab Railway]] merged into NWR
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|stations= ''see'' '''Major Stations Infobox''' ''below''
|system1date= 1886
|system1details= State agency
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
}}

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image= North_Western_Railway_logo.jpg
|caption= ''North Western Railway device''
|timeline1date= 1886
|timeline1details= State owned and State worked
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|company1= 1886
|company1details= [[North Western Railway]]
|company2=
|company2details= [[Dandot Light Railway]]
|company3=
|company3details= [[Jammu and Kashmir Railway]]
|company4=
|company4details= [[Khushalgarh-Kohat-Thal Railway]]
|company5=
|company5details= [[Ludhiana-Dhuri-Jakhal Railway]]
|company6=
|company6details= [[Nowshera-Durgai Railway]]
|company7=
|company7details= [[Rajpura-Bhatinda Railway]]
|company8=
|company8details= [[Southern Punjab Railway]]
|company9=]
|company9details= [[Kalka-Simla Railway]]]
|company10=
|company10details=
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12=
|company12details=
|headquarters= [[Lahore]]
|workshop= [[Lahore|Lohore(Moghalpura)]], [[Karachi]], [[Multan]], [[Saharanpur]] ''see also'' [[NWR Railway Workshops]]
|stations= [[Amritsar]], [[Ferozepore]], [[Ghaziabad]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Meerut]], [[Multan]], [[Peshawar]], [[Quetta]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Saharanpur]], [[Sibi]]
[[Ghaziabad]] was the connection to [[Delhi]] - [[Delhi_Railways_%26_Stations#Delhi_Stations| ''see separate page'' - '''Delhi Stations''']] for details
|system1date= 1947
|system1details= [West] [[Pakistan Railways]]
|system2date= 1947
|system2details= [[Eastern Punjab Railway]] ([[Indian Railways]])
|system3date= 1952
|system3details= [[Northern Railway]] (IR zone)
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 3890 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Narrow (2' 6") gauge
|gauge2details= 132 miles (1905)
|gauge3= Narrow (2' 0") gauge
|gauge3details= 6 miles (1905)
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[North-Western Railway Battalion]]
}}

[[File: North-Western Railway Map 1909, south-west section.png|thumb| North-Western Railway Map 1909, south-west section]]
[[File: North-Western Railway Map 1909, north-east section.png|thumb| North-Western Railway Map 1909, north-east section]]

The '''North-Western State Railway''' (NWR) was formed in January 1886 from the merger of the [[Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway]], the [[Indus Valley State Railway]], the [[Punjab Northern State Railway]], the eastern section of the [[Sind-Sagar Railway]] and the southern section of the [[Sind-Pishin State Railway]].
<ref>[https://ia801009.us.archive.org/8/items/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System.pdf " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 106]; Retrieved 20 Dec 2015</ref>

==History==
The military and strategic concerns of Afghan-Indian border were such that [[Francis Langford O'Callaghan]], was posted from the [[State Railways]] as "engineer-in-chief for a number of demanding railway projects, surveys and constructions on the north-west frontier" <ref name=biog>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/bdoceigbai.58347.457 Institution of Civil Engineers "Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland - O'Callaghan, Francis Langford "]; Retrieved on 9 Jul 2016</ref>. These were initially military and strategic projects and became part of the NWR network on formation in 1886. The [[Bolan Pass Railway Construction]] was completed in 1886. The [[Khwaja Amran Railway Survey]] in 1887 included the [[Khojak Tunnel]] and the [[Chaman Extension Railway]]<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_020.gif "The Imperial Gazetteer of India" v. 21, p. 14.]; Retrieved on 13 Jul 2016</ref>. The [[Khojak Tunnel]] opened in 1891 and the railway reached [[Chaman]] on the Afghan border.

Later renamed the [[North Western Railway]], by 1905 it was the longest railway under one administration and the strategic railway of the north-west frontier. In 1947, one part became the nucleus of [[Pakistan Railways|Pakistan's railways]], with 4976 of the old system's 6861 miles lying within the new state; the part lying in India was reorganised and renamed as [[Eastern Punjab Railway]].

==North Western Railway - Lines operated and worked==
[[North_Western_Railway_-_Lines_operated_and_worked|''See seperate page for full details'' '''NWR - Lines operated and worked''']]
 Comprising:-
*[[North_Western_Railway_-_Lines_operated_and_worked#NWR_Commercial_Section_BG|'''NWR Commercial Section''']]
*[[North_Western_Railway_-_Lines_operated_and_worked#NWR_Military.2FStrategic_Section|'''NWR Frontier (Military) Section''']]
*[[North_Western_Railway_-_Lines_operated_and_worked#NWR_Narrow_Gauge_System|'''NWR Narrow Gauge System''']]
*[[North_Western_Railway_-_Lines_operated_and_worked#NWR_System_.E2.80.93_BG_Lines_Worked_as_part_of_the_NWR_System|'''NWR System – BG Lines Worked as part of the NWR System''']]

==NWR Coal Supplies==
From an early daate the NWR estabished their own collieries to supply coal for their operations.''See separate pages for more information'':-
*[[Khost Colliery Tramway|Khost Colliery ]] - owned and worked by NWR, opened in 1877 and closed on unknown date.
*[[Dandot Light Railway|Dandot Colliery]] - owned and worked by NWR, opened in 1894 and closed 1911.
*[[Sharigh Colliery]] - owned and worked by NWR, opened in 1894 and closed on unknown date.
*[[Bhaganwala Colliery Railway|Bhaganwala Colliery]] - owned and worked by NWR, opened in 1894 and closed 1899.

==NWR Sleeper Supplies==
''See separate pages for further information''
*[[Changa Manga Forest Tramway|Changa Manga Forest Operation]]. By 1884 the NWR found itself starved of sleepers that were vital in running services on its network. This operation had been established in 1864 and started supply of sleepers in 1884
*[[Marala Sleeper Works Railway|Marala Sleeper Works]], opened 1917, closed and transferred 1922-23
*[[Dhilwan Sleeper Works Railway|Dhilwan Sleeper Works]], opened 1923

==NWR Quarries==
*[[Paikhel Quarry Railway|Paikhel Quarry Railway]], owned by NWR, in use 1939-42

==FIBIS resources==
''See separate pages for more information'':-
*FIBIS Gallery Album [http://gallery.fibis.org/index.php?/category/17 Railways/NWR/H V O WATERS Collection] He served as a travelling Inspector of Coaching and Goods Accounts, NWR 1907-1917. Includes a
**[http://gallery.fibis.org/picture.php?/521/category/17 map] of the railway network. To enlarge, click on the icon at the top left hand corner of the map.

==Records==
An on-line search of the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) records held at the [[British Library]] relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 30 May 2016</ref>
gives several entries, the most relevant as follows: -
*L/AG/46/34; “Records of the India Office relating to the North Western State Railway”; 1893-1924
*L/F/8/18/1419; “North Western Railway, Book of contracts relating to lines worked by the NorthWestern Railway Office of the Chief Examiner of Accounts”; date unspecified

[[File:Viceregal Crockery of the North Western Railways.JPG |thumb| Viceregal Crockery of the North Western Railway]]

==Personnel==
There are no staff agreements for NWR personnel held at the [[British Library]] in the [[India Office Records]].

'''[[North Western Railway Personnel]]''' gives details of NWR staff from several sources:-
*“India Civil List 1890” <ref>Fibis Records, scans of original ” </ref> and the " India List and India Office List, 1905" <ref>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PR14 " India List and India Office List, 1905"] Retrieved on 30 May 2016</ref> for [[Public Works Department]] Railway Branch or [[:Category:State Railways|State Railways]] personnel deployed to NWR gives a number of entries. The most notable of these have been listed.
*"Grace's Guide ” for notable personnel <ref>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Main_Page “Grace’s Guide”]; Retrieved 30 May 2016</ref>
*"National Archives from the RAIL collection” <ref>[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C241 “National Archives” ”]; Retrieved 30 May 2016</ref>

==Associated Auxiliary Force==
*[[North-Western Railway Battalion‎]]. Includes mention of armoured trains

== Institutions ==
*[[Schools#F|North Western Railway School]], Fairlawn, [[Mussoorie]].
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170519215908/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/54984118 Picture of the teachers and students of St. Andrew School, Pakistan Railways (then NWR) at Lahore, set up in the late 19th century] panoramio.com, now archived.

==Recommended reading==

*Berridge, Percy Stuart Attwood. ''Couplings to the Khyber: the story of the North Western Railway''. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1969.
Good coverage of the largest Indian railway system, especially from a civil engineering perspective. Lacks a bibliography and poorly annotated. [Slides of the photographs used form a collection deposited at the [[University of Cambridge - Centre of South Asian Studies|Cambridge South Asian Archive]] together with copies of the ''North Western Railway Magazine'', the monthly staff magazine edited by the author.]

*''North Western Railway Magazine''.
Monthly staff magazine. Some editorial content published in Urdu . No BL holdings. 2 copies (November 1942, December 1945) are held in the Berridge Papers, [[University of Cambridge - Centre of South Asian Studies|Cambridge South Asian Archive]].

==External links==

*Terry Case, [http://members.tripod.com/shankardubai/nwrhome.htm ''North Western Railway'']. Includes a section about [http://shankardubai.tripod.com/halwaters.htm Hal Waters] (refer photograph album above)

*[http://www.nr.indianrail.gov.in/scripts/static/history.aspx "History of Northern Railway"], ''Northern Railway''.

*[http://web.archive.org/web/20130127073836/http://pakistaniat.com/2010/03/01/journeys-to-remember-quetta-lahore-by-rail-in-1925/ Quetta to Lahore by Rail 1925] ''All Things Pakistan'', now an archived website
*[http://www.indiaofthepast.org/contribute-memories/read-contributions/life-back-then/350-breakup-of-the-north-western-railway-and-the-anglo-indian-community "Breakup of the North Western Railway and the Anglo-Indian community"] by Kenneth Hugh Staynor. indiaofthepast.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161118040346/http://www.panoramio.com/user/4789607/tags/British%20Steam%20Locomotives Images of British Steam Locomotives used by North Western Railways] Ghilzai:panoramio.com, now archived.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190736/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/55027511 An old photograph of a Railway Inspection trolley with removeable sailboard used on NWR Hyderabad-Kotri, Sindh, Pakistan]. Ghilzai:panoramio.com, now archived.
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/northampton_museum/5044010710/in/set-72157625077918924 Photograph of Troops travelling by train] taken by Private J W Linley of the 2nd Battalion, The Northamptonshire Regiment compiled whilst serving in India 1923-1938. flickr.com/photos/northampton_museum
===Historical books online===
*[http://archive.org/stream/quarterlycivill00offigoog#page/n192/mode/2up Some railway personnel in 1898]. Page 179 ''Quarterly Civil List for the Punjab: Corrected up to 1st October 1898'' Archive.org

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]
[[Category:Pakistan Railways]]

Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway

2021-03-08T09:34:26Z

PEA-2292: Stations infoboxes revised and ‘Stations’ heading added

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image= Oudh & Rohilkhand Railway Logo.png
|caption= Oudh & Rohilkhand Railway Logo
|route= [[Benares]] to [[ Saharanpur]] [[Allahabad]] to [[Fyzabad]] (1905)
|gauge1= Broad
|gauge1details= 1165 miles (1905)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1867
|timeline1details= Benares to Lucknow opened by [[Indian Branch Railway]]
|timeline2date= 1874
|timeline2details= Lucknow to Moradabad open
|timeline3date= 1876
|timeline3details= Moradabad to Saharanpur open
|timeline4date= 1887
|timeline4details= Link with [[East Indian Railway]] at [[Moghal Sarai]]
|timeline5date= 1889
|timeline5details= State purchases O&RR
|presidency= Bengal
|stations= [[Aligarh]], [[Allahabad]], [[Bareilly]], ''' [[Cawnpore]] ''', ''' [[Delhi]] ''', '''[[Lucknow]] ''', [[Moradabad]], [[Saharanpur]],
''See also heading '''Stations''' for major stations marked'' '''bold'''
|system1date= 1889
|system1details= Oudh and Rohilkand State Railway
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|auxillary forces=
}}

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|timeline1date= 1889
|timeline1details= State agency takes over running of O&RR
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|company1= 1889
|company1details= [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]]
|company2=
|company2details= [[Cawnpore-Burhwal Railway]]
|company3=
|company3details= [[Hardwar-Dehra Railway]]
|company4=
|company4details=
|company5=
|company5details=
|company6=
|company6details=
|company7=
|company7details=
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9=
|company9details=
|company10=
|company10details=
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12=
|company12details=
|headquarters= [[Lucknow]]
|workshop= [[Alambagh]], [[Charbagh]] See also [[O&RR Railway Workshops]]
|stations= See heading '''Stations''' for major stations
|system1date= 1925
|system1details= [[East Indian Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 1187 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 80 miles (1905)
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway Battalion]]
}}

[[File:Oudh & Rohilkhand Railway 1909 Map.png|600px|right|Oudh & Rohilkhand Railway]]
The '''Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway''' (O&RR) was formed around 1872 by taking over the interests of the ‘[[Indian Branch Railway]]’ / ‘Awadh Rohilkhand Railway‘ - [[Indian Branch Railway| ''see separate page for details'']].

The O&RR operated under a Government of India([[Government of India |GoI]]) guarantee. And was acquired by the State on 1 Jan 1889<ref name=Admin>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n140/mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” page 131 (pdf 140) ]; Retrieved 24 Oct 2020</ref>.

In 1925, the O&RR was merged into the ‘[[East Indian Railway]]’(EIR) when the latter came into state management.

Alternative Name: Early records give the spelling '''Oude and Rohilkund Railway'''

== History ==
The [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway “]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|
‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] ‘Lines Sanctioned’ ‘ 733 miles(1180km), with 42 miles(68km) open, nil opened in 1870/71 and 679 miles(1092km) to be finished’. The Report also details the
[[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Oudh_and_Rohilkhand_Railway._Paragraphs_79.2C_80.3B_Page_36.2C37|‘progress of the railway and the commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for details.''

The 42 miles(68km) line from [[Lucknow]] to [[Cawnpore]], constructed by the ‘[[Indian Branch Railway]]’ had opened in 1867. In 1874, the line was extended to [[Moradabad]] and in 1876, to [[Saharanpur]] where the O&RR met the [[North Western Railway]](NWR). On 31 December 1888, the [[Government of India |GoI]] assumed both ownership and management of the O&RR.

O&RR were given operating rights of the opening in 1905 of the [[Allahabad-Fyzabad Railway]] which included the [[Curzon Bridge, Allahabad]] over the river Ganges. This line and bridge were constructed by [[State Railways]] and connected to the [[East Indian Railway]](EIR) to the south of the river Ganges and a junction to the O&RR mainline. Thus providing a direct link from Allahbad to Lucknow and the hill stations beyond. <ref name=ICE>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1908.17544 Institution of Civil Engineers "The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad" by Robert Richard Gales, 1908]; Retrieved 16 Jul 2016</ref>.

The O&RR was merged into the [[East Indian Railway]](EIR) in 1925 when the latter came into state management.

==O&RR Lines owned and Worked==
The “Administration Report on Railways 1918” <ref name=Admin/> gives the ‘Lines Opened’ as 1510 miles(2430km) of the O&RR [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] lines.

A small number of branches and extensions were constructed after 1918 by the O&RR before merger into the EIR. These are listed under the ‘EIR System’ in the “History of Indian Railways 1937”<ref name=Hist>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 84, pdf 113]; Retrieved 17 Oct 2020</ref>

[[O&RR Lines Owned and Worked | <big>'''O&RR Lines Owned and Worked '''</big> - ''see separate page'']]

==Stations==
See separate pages for details of the Stations and Rail System into the following major Cities:-
* [[Cawnpore_Railways_and_Stations#Cawnpore_Stations| ‘Cawnpore Stations’]]
* [[Delhi_Railways_%26_Stations#Delhi_Stations| ‘Delhi Stations’]]
* [[Lucknow_Railways_and_Stations#Original_Lucknow_Station| ‘Lucknow Stations]]

==O&RR Workshops==
The O&RR established workshops at [[Alambagh]] (1865) and [[Charbagh]] (1867) to provide capacity for the major broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line from [[Benares]] to [[Lucknow]], to the north of the River Ganges,

[[O&RR Railway Workshops| <big>'''O&RR Railway Workshops'''</big> ''-see separate page for details'']]

==Records==
An on-line search of the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) records held at the [[British Library]] relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 29 May 2016</ref>
gives the following: -
*L/AG/46/16; “Records of the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway Company”; 1862-1888
*V/24/3582; “India. Public Works Department: Administration and progress report of the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway, 1872/73-1875/76”

==Personnel==
Unfortunately, there are no O&RR staff records held in the [[India Office Records]] at the [[British Library]].

'''1905 Civil List''' The following from the [[Public Works Department]], are recorded as deployed to the O&RR:-
*[[William Edward Meares]], 1890, Executive Engineer<ref>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA565 Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 565 (pdf page 528)] Retrieved on 29 May 2016</ref>.
*[[George Frederick Wilson]], 1898, Manager <ref>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA648 Google Books "India List and India Office List, 1905" page 648 (pdf page 611)] Retrieved on 29 May 2016</ref>.
*[[Bernard Baxter]], 1901, Engineer-in-Chief <ref>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA435 Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 435 (pdf page 398)] Retrieved on 29 May 2016</ref>

'''Thacker's Directories'''
The following for Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway Personnel 1872 have been indexed in Grace's Guide:-
*[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1872_Thackers:_Oudh_and_Rohilkhand_Railway "1872 Thacker's Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway Personnel"]

'''Various Other Records - Chronological Order'''
*[[Henry Burdett Hederstedt]], date unspecified (probably late 1860's, O&RR Chief Engineer, 'a position he held for nearly 20 years' and 1881-87, [[Dufferin Bridge]] over the Ganges at Benares, as O&RR Chief Engineer <ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1915.16286 Institution of Civil Engineers "Obituary Henry Burdett Hederstedt"] Retrieved on 21 Jul 2016</ref> in charge of construction.
*[[Frederick Thomas Granville Walton]], 1868-88, O&RR) Engineer.'During this time he was initially in charge of the construction of the Ramganga River Bridge and Lines'; 1881-87, [[Dufferin Bridge]] over the Ganges at [[Benares]], O&RR Engineer-in-Charge of construction; 1889-96, O&RR Engineer-in-Chief <ref name=grace>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Frederick_Thomas_Granville_Walton Grace's Guide "Frederick Thomas Granville Walton"] Retrieved on 21 Jul 2016</ref>.
*[[William Arthur Brunton]], 1868-70, District Engineer, O&RR <ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C-pzUWrCU5sC&pg=PA126&lpg=PA126&dq=description+of+the+line+and+works+of+the+Scinde+Railway&source=bl&ots=DTW2uSH2hD&sig=_JCaeiJ6FfK1irALjNQRIr_RF-8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiypcPWoKfNAhUFIMAKHbSaBOYQ6AEIJDAC#v=onepage&q=description%20of%20the%20line%20and%20works%20of%20the%20Scinde%20Railway&f=false Google Books "The Archaeology of an Early Railway System: The Brecon Forest Tramroads" by Stephen Hughes, page 126]; Retrieved 14 Jun 2016</ref>.
*[[J H Jenkins]] Agent for O&RR 1879 [[Indian_Railway_Conference_Association#Railway_Conference| ‘Railway Conference’ delegate]]
*[[J Hartwell]] Deputy Agent O&RR 1880 [[Indian_Railway_Conference_Association#Railway_Conference| ‘Railway Conference’ delegate]]
*[[J G Cooke]] Locomotive Superindent 1880 [[Indian_Railway_Conference_Association#Railway_Conference| ‘Railway Conference’ delegate]]
*[[Richard Arthur Sargeaunt]], 1889-92, O&RR Manager <ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA607=&dq Google Books "India List and India Office List -1905" page 607]; Retrieved on 19 Aug 2016</ref>.
*[[Henry Parsall Burt]], 1901-02, Manager <ref name=biog>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Indian_Biographical_Dictionary_(1915)/Burt,_Henry_Parsall The Indian Biographical Dictionary "Burt, Henry Parsall"]; Retrieved on 12 Jul 2016</ref>, posted from State Railways.
*[[William Danvers Waghorn]], 1914, Agent <ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/bdoceigbai.58347.626 Institution of Civil Engineers "Biographical Dictionary - Waghorn, William Danvers"]; Retrieved on 12 Jul 2016</ref>, posted from State Railways.

==Also see==
*[[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway Battalion]]
*[[School fees subsidies-Railway subordinates’ children c 1935]] for subsidies applying from 1921

==External links==
*[http://www.oldmartiniansassociation.co.uk/documents/OudhandRohilkandRly.pdf History of The Oudh & Rohilkhand Railway] oldmartiniansassociation.co.uk

== References ==
<references />

{{#widget:Google PlusOne
|size=small
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}}
[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Eastern Bengal Railway

2021-03-08T09:03:36Z

PEA-2292:

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|route= [[Calcutta]] to [[Faridpur]] (BG) with branches to [[Budge-Budge]], [[Diamond Harbour]], [[Lalgola]]
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 495 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 637 miles (1905)
|gauge3= 2' 6" NG
|gauge3details= 55 miles (1905)
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1857
|timeline1details= Formed as [[Guaranteed Railways|Guaranteed company]]
|timeline2date= 1868
|timeline2details= [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]] taken over
|timeline3date= 1884
|timeline3details= Taken over by State
|timeline4date= 1915
|timeline4details= Opening of [[Hardinge Bridge]] at Sara Ghat
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|stations= '''[[Sealdah|Calcutta Sealdah]] ''', [[Dum Dum]], [[Naihati]], [[Kaliganga]], [[Rajbari]], [[Goalundo]], [[Ranaghat]], [[Krishnagar]], [[Plassey]], [[Murshidabad]], [[Bangaon]], [[Jessore]],
See also separate page [[Calcutta_Railways_%26_Stations#Sealdah_Station| ''' Calcutta Seadah Station''']] for details
|system1date= 1884
|system1details= State agency
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
}}

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image= Eastern Bengal Railway logo.jpg
|caption= ''Eastern Bengal Railway device''
|timeline1date= 1884
|timeline1details= Renamed '''Eastern Bengal State Railway'''
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date= 1915
|timeline3details= Reverted to [[Eastern Bengal Railway]]
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|company1=
|company1details=
|company2=1868
|company2details= [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]]
|company3= 1887
|company3details= [[Dacca State Railway]]
|company4= 1887
|company4details= [[Northern Bengal State Railway]]
|company5= 1887
|company5details= [[Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]]
|company6=
|company6details= [[Cooch Behar Railway]]
|company7=
|company7details= [[Mymensingh-Jamalpur-Jagannath Railway]]
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9= 1904
|company9details= [[Bengal Central Railway]]
|company10=
|company10details= [[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]]
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12= 1941
|company12details= [[Bengal Dooars Railway]]
|headquarters= [[Calcutta]]
|stations= See also separate page [[Calcutta_Railways_%26_Stations#Sealdah_Station| ''' Calcutta Seadah Station''']] for details
|workshop= [[Kanchrapara]], [[Saidpur]] ''See'' [[EBR Railway Workshops]]
|system1date= 1942
|system1details= Merged into [[Bengal and Assam Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 495 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 688 miles (1905)
|gauge3= 2' 6" NG
|gauge3details= 89 miles (1905)
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[Eastern Bengal Railway Battalion]]
}}

[[File: Eastern Bengal Railway Map 1909.png|thumb| Eastern Bengal Railway Map 1909]]

The '''Eastern Bengal Railway''' Company (EBR) was formed as a [[Guaranteed Railways|Guaranteed Railway]] company in 1857 for "the construction and working of a line from [[Calcutta]] to [[Dacca]], with a branch to [[Jessore]]. Capital 1,000,000''l''. This amount has been sanctioned for the line from Calcutta to the Ganges at Kooshtee([[Kushtia]]), near Pubnah, about 80 miles, all that is authorised to be proceeded with at present. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent on 1,000,000''l'' " <ref> "Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a. </ref>.

==History==
The first construction started in October 1859. Isambard Kingdom Brunel had been engaged in Britain as consulting engineer to the EBR and [[Bradford Leslie]], an English civil engineer who specialised in bridges, was sent to India as engineer in charge of bridges and viaducts. He supervised the building of the [[East_Bengal_Railway_Bridges#Ichamati_River_Railway_Bridge|Eschamutter(Ichamati)]] and [[East_Bengal_Railway_Bridges#Kumar_River_Railway_Bridge|Koomar(Kumar)]] river bridges before returning to Britain in 1861. He returned to India in 1865 and became Chief Engineer and Agent <ref> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford_Leslie Wikipedia "Bradford Leslie"]; Retrieved on 5 May 2016</ref>
<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PpJMCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&lpg=PT74&dq=southern+punjab+railway+company&source=bl&ots=R1AsTgkegr&sig=CzpHod72_VMtjRKj6Ire4zWNOV4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyqrig1rXMAhVrJMAKHY0EDRc4ChDoAQg3MAU#v=onepage&q=southern%20punjab%20railway%20company&f=false Google Books “New Delhi: The Last Imperial City- Sir Bradford Leslie and the meaning of Empire, Chapter 5.3” by D. Johnson, Richard Watson"]; Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>.

The '[[Brassey & Co|Brassey, Wythes and Paxman Partenership]] undertook the construction of the EBR a line of 112 miles(179km) from [[Calcutta]] to [[Kushtia|Kooshtea(Kushtia)]] on the River Ganges. The line opened in stages from [[Calcutta]] in 1862 and completed through to [[Kushtia]] in 1864.

The [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the Eastern Bengal Railway“]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|
‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] Line sanctioned 159 miles(256km), which included 45 miles(72km)of Line opened 1870 with nil to be finished’. The Report also details the [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Eastern_Bengal_Railway._Paragraphs_76-78.3B_Page_36|‘progress of the railway and the commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for Report details.''

[[Franklin Prestage]] became the Agent for the EBR in the early 1870's. In its original contract with the Secretary of State for India, the EBR Company was to open a rail-line to [[Darjeeling]]. However the [[Government of India]] took a decision to stop expansion of rail-lines by Guaranteed companies in new areas and instead decided to construct and manage new rail-lines as [[:Category:State Railways|State Railways]]. Prestage resigned from EBR and in 1879 set up the [[Darjeeling Steam Tramway]] Company <ref>[http://www.irfca.org/articles/eminent-railwaymen.html#prestage “Eminent Railwaymen of Yesteryears” by R R Bhandari July 2008, reproduced by IRFCA ''Indian Railways Fan Club''] Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>.

The EBR became the '''Eastern Bengal State Railway'''(EBSR), owned and managed by the Government of India([[Government of India |GoI]]), on 30 June 1884.

The GoI merged the broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]] into the EBSR, and in 1887 several metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) and narrow gauge [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] railways
Railways – this giving the three Rail Gauges that made up the EBR network.

In 1915, the system reverted to the style, '''Eastern Bengal Railway'''.

During the 1920s, the EBR continued to grow by merger and amalgamation, and also began to convert sections of metre and narrow gauge to eliminate rail bottlenecks.

On 1 January 1941, the GoI acquired the [[Bengal Dooars Railway]] and merged it into the EBR.

In 1942, the GoI merged the EBR with the [[Assam Bengal Railway]] to create the [[Bengal and Assam Railway]].

== EBR Personnel ==
See separate page '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway Personnel]]'''

== EBR Lines owned and worked ==
The development of the EBR network is detailed in a separate page '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked]] ''' broken down into the three Rail Gauge Divisions.
 The initial construction of Bridges is covered in a separate page '''[[East Bengal Railway Bridges|Eastern Bengal Railway Bridges]]''' as part of the development of the EBR system

==External Links==
*[http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Railway Banglapedia "National Encyclopaedia of Bangladesh" Railway]
*[http://inforail.blogspot.com/2012/10/brief-history-of-bangladesh-railway.html "Brief History of Bangladesh Railway" Bangladesh Railway Information]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]
[[Category:Narrow Gauge (NG) Railways]]

Eastern Bengal Railway

2021-03-08T08:51:02Z

PEA-2292: Infoboxes edited re 'Stations'

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|route= [[Calcutta]] to [[Faridpur]] (BG) with branches to [[Budge-Budge]], [[Diamond Harbour]], [[Lalgola]]
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 495 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 637 miles (1905)
|gauge3= 2' 6" NG
|gauge3details= 55 miles (1905)
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1857
|timeline1details= Formed as [[Guaranteed Railways|Guaranteed company]]
|timeline2date= 1868
|timeline2details= [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]] taken over
|timeline3date= 1884
|timeline3details= Taken over by State
|timeline4date= 1915
|timeline4details= Opening of [[Hardinge Bridge]] at Sara Ghat
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|stations= '''[[Sealdah|Calcutta Sealdah]] ''', [[Dum Dum]], [[Naihati]], [[Kaliganga]], [[Rajbari]], [[Goalundo]], [[Ranaghat]], [[Krishnagar]], [[Plassey]], [[Murshidabad]], [[Bangaon]], [[Jessore]],
''See also heading '''Stations''' for major stations marked'' '''bold'''
|system1date= 1884
|system1details= State agency
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
}}

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image= Eastern Bengal Railway logo.jpg
|caption= ''Eastern Bengal Railway device''
|timeline1date= 1884
|timeline1details= Renamed '''Eastern Bengal State Railway'''
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date= 1915
|timeline3details= Reverted to [[Eastern Bengal Railway]]
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|company1=
|company1details=
|company2=1868
|company2details= [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]]
|company3= 1887
|company3details= [[Dacca State Railway]]
|company4= 1887
|company4details= [[Northern Bengal State Railway]]
|company5= 1887
|company5details= [[Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]]
|company6=
|company6details= [[Cooch Behar Railway]]
|company7=
|company7details= [[Mymensingh-Jamalpur-Jagannath Railway]]
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9= 1904
|company9details= [[Bengal Central Railway]]
|company10=
|company10details= [[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]]
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12= 1941
|company12details= [[Bengal Dooars Railway]]
|headquarters= [[Calcutta]]
|workshop= [[Kanchrapara]], [[Saidpur]] ''See'' [[EBR Railway Workshops]]
|system1date= 1942
|system1details= Merged into [[Bengal and Assam Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 495 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 688 miles (1905)
|gauge3= 2' 6" NG
|gauge3details= 89 miles (1905)
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[Eastern Bengal Railway Battalion]]
}}

[[File: Eastern Bengal Railway Map 1909.png|thumb| Eastern Bengal Railway Map 1909]]

The '''Eastern Bengal Railway''' Company (EBR) was formed as a [[Guaranteed Railways|Guaranteed Railway]] company in 1857 for "the construction and working of a line from [[Calcutta]] to [[Dacca]], with a branch to [[Jessore]]. Capital 1,000,000''l''. This amount has been sanctioned for the line from Calcutta to the Ganges at Kooshtee([[Kushtia]]), near Pubnah, about 80 miles, all that is authorised to be proceeded with at present. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent on 1,000,000''l'' " <ref> "Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a. </ref>.

==History==
The first construction started in October 1859. Isambard Kingdom Brunel had been engaged in Britain as consulting engineer to the EBR and [[Bradford Leslie]], an English civil engineer who specialised in bridges, was sent to India as engineer in charge of bridges and viaducts. He supervised the building of the [[East_Bengal_Railway_Bridges#Ichamati_River_Railway_Bridge|Eschamutter(Ichamati)]] and [[East_Bengal_Railway_Bridges#Kumar_River_Railway_Bridge|Koomar(Kumar)]] river bridges before returning to Britain in 1861. He returned to India in 1865 and became Chief Engineer and Agent <ref> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford_Leslie Wikipedia "Bradford Leslie"]; Retrieved on 5 May 2016</ref>
<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PpJMCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&lpg=PT74&dq=southern+punjab+railway+company&source=bl&ots=R1AsTgkegr&sig=CzpHod72_VMtjRKj6Ire4zWNOV4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyqrig1rXMAhVrJMAKHY0EDRc4ChDoAQg3MAU#v=onepage&q=southern%20punjab%20railway%20company&f=false Google Books “New Delhi: The Last Imperial City- Sir Bradford Leslie and the meaning of Empire, Chapter 5.3” by D. Johnson, Richard Watson"]; Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>.

The '[[Brassey & Co|Brassey, Wythes and Paxman Partenership]] undertook the construction of the EBR a line of 112 miles(179km) from [[Calcutta]] to [[Kushtia|Kooshtea(Kushtia)]] on the River Ganges. The line opened in stages from [[Calcutta]] in 1862 and completed through to [[Kushtia]] in 1864.

The [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the Eastern Bengal Railway“]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|
‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] Line sanctioned 159 miles(256km), which included 45 miles(72km)of Line opened 1870 with nil to be finished’. The Report also details the [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Eastern_Bengal_Railway._Paragraphs_76-78.3B_Page_36|‘progress of the railway and the commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for Report details.''

[[Franklin Prestage]] became the Agent for the EBR in the early 1870's. In its original contract with the Secretary of State for India, the EBR Company was to open a rail-line to [[Darjeeling]]. However the [[Government of India]] took a decision to stop expansion of rail-lines by Guaranteed companies in new areas and instead decided to construct and manage new rail-lines as [[:Category:State Railways|State Railways]]. Prestage resigned from EBR and in 1879 set up the [[Darjeeling Steam Tramway]] Company <ref>[http://www.irfca.org/articles/eminent-railwaymen.html#prestage “Eminent Railwaymen of Yesteryears” by R R Bhandari July 2008, reproduced by IRFCA ''Indian Railways Fan Club''] Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>.

The EBR became the '''Eastern Bengal State Railway'''(EBSR), owned and managed by the Government of India([[Government of India |GoI]]), on 30 June 1884.

The GoI merged the broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]] into the EBSR, and in 1887 several metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) and narrow gauge [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] railways
Railways – this giving the three Rail Gauges that made up the EBR network.

In 1915, the system reverted to the style, '''Eastern Bengal Railway'''.

During the 1920s, the EBR continued to grow by merger and amalgamation, and also began to convert sections of metre and narrow gauge to eliminate rail bottlenecks.

On 1 January 1941, the GoI acquired the [[Bengal Dooars Railway]] and merged it into the EBR.

In 1942, the GoI merged the EBR with the [[Assam Bengal Railway]] to create the [[Bengal and Assam Railway]].

== EBR Personnel ==
See separate page '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway Personnel]]'''

== EBR Lines owned and worked ==
The development of the EBR network is detailed in a separate page '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked]] ''' broken down into the three Rail Gauge Divisions.
 The initial construction of Bridges is covered in a separate page '''[[East Bengal Railway Bridges|Eastern Bengal Railway Bridges]]''' as part of the development of the EBR system

==External Links==
*[http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Railway Banglapedia "National Encyclopaedia of Bangladesh" Railway]
*[http://inforail.blogspot.com/2012/10/brief-history-of-bangladesh-railway.html "Brief History of Bangladesh Railway" Bangladesh Railway Information]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]
[[Category:Narrow Gauge (NG) Railways]]

Kaliganga

2021-03-08T08:43:42Z

PEA-2292: Created page with "{{Locations}} The station at this town was on the Eastern Bengal Railway(EBR) and can be seen on the Fibis extract from the 1909 Railway Map <ref>[https://wiki.fibis.org..."

{{Locations}}

The station at this town was on the [[Eastern Bengal Railway]](EBR) and can be seen on the Fibis extract from the 1909 Railway Map <ref>[https://wiki.fibis.org/w/File:Eastern_Bengal_Railway_Map_1909.png| 1909 Imperial Gazetteer Railway Map ]</ref>

It is not confirmed if this is Kaliganj shown in Imperial Gazetteer Volume 14 Page 309 - more investigation is required

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Locations]]

Rajbari

2021-03-08T08:10:30Z

PEA-2292: Created page with "{{Locations}} The station at this town was on the Eastern Bengal Railway (EBR) See Imperial Gazetteer Volume 21 Page 68 and other pages Category:Locations"

{{Locations}}

The station at this town was on the [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] (EBR)

See Imperial Gazetteer Volume 21 Page 68 and other pages

[[Category:Locations]]

Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway

2021-03-08T08:07:42Z

PEA-2292:

The '''Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway''' was a broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) branch line of [[Eastern Bengal Railway]](EBR); reaching [[Lalgola]] in 1907.

The line was a branch of the EBR mainline from [[Ranaghat]] and the name of the branch changed as the line progressed
* '''Ranaghat-Bhagwangola Railway''' on opening in 1884.
* '''Ranaghat-Murshidabad Branch'''
* '''Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway''' in 1907.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalgola_and_Gede_branch_lines Wikipedia "Laloga Branch"]; Retrieved 1 Jan 2016</ref>

The branch ran from the EBR mainline at [[Ranaghat]], via [[Bhagwangola]] and [[Murshidabad]], to the terminus at [[Lalgola Ghat]] on the River Ganges.<ref>[http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/BejvG_1000695561/163 "Bengal District Gazetteer" / Mukshidabad by L S S O’Malley, Indian Civil Service, Calcutta; Pages 150-151"]; Retrieved 1 Jan 2016 </ref>

==Further Information==
See '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked]]'''

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Lalgola

2021-03-08T08:06:58Z

PEA-2292: Created page with "{{Locations}} The station at this town was on the Eastern Bengal Railway (EBR) This town is not listed in the Imperial Gazetteer The '''Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway''..."

{{Locations}}

The station at this town was on the [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] (EBR)

This town is not listed in the Imperial Gazetteer

The '''Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway''' was a broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) branch line of [[Eastern Bengal Railway]](EBR); reaching [[Lalgola]] in 1907 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalgola_and_Gede_branch_lines Wikipedia "Laloga Branch"]; Retrieved 1 Jan 2016</ref>

The branch ran from the EBR mainline at [[Ranaghat]], via [[Bhagwangola]] and [[Murshidabad]], to the terminus at [[Lalgola Ghat]] on the River Ganges.<ref>[http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/BejvG_1000695561/163 "Bengal District Gazetteer" / Mukshidabad by L S S O’Malley, Indian Civil Service, Calcutta; Pages 150-151"]; Retrieved 1 Jan 2016 </ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Locations]]

Naihati

2021-03-07T10:31:42Z

PEA-2292: Created page with "{{Locations}} The station at this town was on the Eastern Bengal Railway (EBR) See Imperial Gazetteer Volume 18 Page 322 Category:Locations"

{{Locations}}

The station at this town was on the [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] (EBR)

See Imperial Gazetteer Volume 18 Page 322

[[Category:Locations]]

Budge Budge, New Central Jute Mill Co Ltd Railway

2021-03-07T10:13:54Z

PEA-2292:

'''Budge Budge, New Central Jute Mill Co Ltd Railway'''

The 'New Central Jute Mill Co Ltd' owned a [[Jute Growing|Jute Mill]] at [[Budge-Budge]], South 24 Paraganas District with '[[Andrew Yule & Co]]' as [[Managing_Agencies|Managing Agent]]. In 1917 it was operating with 586 looms <ref name=WB145>“Industrial Railways and Locomotives of India and South Asia” compiled by Simon Darvill. Published by ‘The Industrial Railway Society’ 2013. ISBN 978 1 901556 82-7. Available at http://irsshop.co.uk/India. Reference: Entry WB145 page ....</ref>.

The records indicate that a 2ft 6in/762mm ([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) system was operational at the mill <ref name=WB145/>.

''No further information has been found.''

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Industrial Railways]]
[[Category:Narrow Gauge (NG) Railways]]
[[Category:Commerce and Manufacturing Companies]]

Calcutta Railways & Stations

2021-03-07T10:12:28Z

PEA-2292:

<big><big><big>Calcutta Railways & Stations</big></big></big>
 The ‘Imperial Gazetteer, 1908’ <ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_277.gif ‘Imperial Gazetteer of India’, v. 9, p. 271.]; Retrieved 14 Feb 2021</ref> records that “Three great railways converge on [[Calcutta]]”:-
<blockquote>The ‘[[East Bengal Railway]]’(EBR), the terminus of which is at ‘[[Sealdah]] Station’, connects [[Calcutta]] with the North and East Bengal and Assam and on to [[Diamond Harbour]] via the ‘[[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]]’(CSER) </blockquote>
<blockquote>‘[[East Indian Railway]]’(EIR) connects Calcutta with [[Bombay]], the [[United Provinces]] and the Punjab, and is the outlet for the rich traffic of the Ganges valley. Its ‘Howrah Terminus’ is on the west bank of the Hooghly River. The ‘[[Jubilee Bridge]]’ at Naihati, 25 miles up the river, providing access to the Calcutta Docks at [[Kidderpore]] running over the ‘[[East Bengal Railway]]’ line. </blockquote>
<blockquote>‘[[Bengal-Nagpur Railway]]’(BNR) runs through Orissa to [[Madras]] and westward through the [[Central Provinces]] to [[Bombay]]; its terminus is also at [[Howrah]]. The ‘Shalimar Branch’ connects to a wagon ferry which operates over the Hooghly River between Shalimar and the Calcutta Docks at [[Kidderpore]]</blockquote>
[[File:Howrah-Amta Light Railway Map 1909.png|right|400px|Calcutta Railways 1909]]
[[File:Calcutta Railways 1924 Map.png|right|400px|Calcutta Railways 1924]]

==<big><big>Railways into Calcutta</big></big>==
===[[Eastern Bengal Railway]]===
EBR, Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) ''Marked '''Brown''' on the two Maps''
* ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened in 1862 from the Calcutta Terminus which became the ‘Sealdah Main Station’ via [[Dum Dum]] and [[Ranaghat]] to [[Poradaha]] opened in 1862 and extended in 1864 to [[Kushtia]]. This became the [[Eastern_Bengal_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#EBR_Broad_Gauge_System|’EBR Eastern Section’ ''- see separate page'']]
* ‘EBR Central Section’, opened in 1882-84 by the ‘[[Bengal Central Railway]]’ from [[Dum Dum]], in the northern suburbs of [[Calcutta]] to [[Khulna]], via [[Bangaon]] and merged with the EBR in 1903 <ref name=DumDum>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dum_Dum_Junction_railway_station Wikipedia Wikipedia ‘Dum Dum Junction Railway Station’]; Retrieved 14 Feb 2021</ref>. This became the [[Eastern_Bengal_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#EBR_Broad_Gauge_System|’EBR Central Section’ ''- see separate page'']]

* ‘[[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway ]]’(CSER), opened in 1862, from ‘Beliaghata Station’ (later ‘Sealdah South Station’) to [[Port Canning]] on the Matla River. From 1868 worked by EBR and became the [[Eastern_Bengal_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#EBR_Broad_Gauge_System |‘EBR Southern Section’ '' - see separate page'']] and the [[Diamond Harbour Line Railway|’EBR Diamond Harbour Branch’]] opened in 1883''

==<big><big>Railways into Howrah connecting to Calcutta</big></big>==
There were three Railways operating into [[Howrah]], connected by bridge across the Hooghly River into [[Calcutta]];
from the early 1870’s by the [[Howrah Floating Bridge and Howrah Bridge| ‘Howrah Floating Bridge’ and finally in 1943 by the ‘Howrah Bridge’ ''- see separate page'']]

===[[East Indian Railway]]===
EIR, Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]), ''Marked '''Green''' on the two Maps''
*[[East_Indian_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#Howrah-Delhi_EIR_Main_Line| ‘EIR Howrah- Delhi Mainline’]], opened from 1854, operating into ‘Howrah Station’

=== [[Bengal-Nagpur Railway]]===
BNR, Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]), ''Marked '''Red''' on the two Maps''
*[[Bengal-Nagpur_Railway_-_Lines_Owned_and_Worked#1918_BG_Network| ‘BNR Calcutta Extension Line’ ]] from the BNR System at [[Sini]] to [[Howrah]], opened 1900, operating into ‘Howrah Station’
*[[Bengal-Nagpur_Railway_-_Lines_Owned_and_Worked#1918_BG_Network| ‘BNR Shalimar Branch’]] opened 1901; 3.1 miles(5km) from Santragachi Junction on the BNR Mainline in the western suburbs of Howrah to Shalimar for connection to a wagon ferry which operates over the Hooghly River to the Calcutta Docks at [[Kidderpore]].

=== [[Howrah-Amta Light Railway]]===
HALR and HSLR, 2ft/610mm Narrow Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]), ''Marked '''Yellow '''on the two Maps''
*[[Howrah-Amta Light Railway| ‘Howrah-Amta Light Railway’ (HALR) ''- see separate page'']]; operated from Telkal Ghat on the Hooghly river, 500mtr south of ‘Howrah Station’, and skirting the Howrah Maidan westward through the crowded Panchanantala road to ‘Kadamtala Station ‘, where the line divided [[Amta]] and to [[Sheakhala]]
* [[Howrah-Sheakhalla Light Railway| ‘Howrah-Sheakhalla Light Railway’(HSLR) ''- see separate page'']] (HSLR); from ‘Kadamtala Station ‘, where it branched to [[Sheakhala]]

==<big><big>Calcutta Stations</big></big>==
[[Calcutta]] City has had a number of Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) Stations:-

=== Beliaghata Station===
Beliaghata was the original Terminal of the ‘[[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway ]]’(CSER), it was the first station in [[Calcutta]], opened in 1862 and worked by the ‘[[Eastern Bengal Railway]]’ as part of the [[Calcutta_and_South_Eastern_Railway#History| ‘EBR System’]] from 1868 . The station later became ‘Sealdah South Station’ <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealdah_South_lines Wikipedia ‘Sealdah South Station’]; Retrieved 14 Feb 2021</ref>.

===Sealdah Station===
[[File:Sealdah Main Station, Calcutta.png|thumb| Sealdah Main Station]]
[[Sealdah]], in central [[Calcutta]] ,was the ‘[[Eastern Bengal Railway]]’ [[Calcutta]] terminus station of the
[[Eastern_Bengal_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#EBR_Broad_Gauge_System|’EBR Eastern Mainline’]], [[Poradaha]] opened in 1862. At the [[Calcutta]] end there was a tin-roofed station room. The proper station building opened in 1869<ref name=SealdahStation>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealdah Wikipedia ‘ Sealdah’]; Retrieved 14 Feb 2021</ref>.
 In 1862, the station was well established with 4 platforms, since then it emerged as one of the most important Railway Stations in Calcutta. Gradually it got more developed and further connected places like Diamond Harbour, Canning, Siliguri, Assam and beyond. The tram terminus was located at Sealdah Station before the year 1978 from where the concept of horse tram carriage started.<ref>[https://www.indianrailwayrules.com/history-of-sealdah-station/ Indian Railways ‘ History of Sealdah Station’]; Retrieved 14 Feb 2021</ref>.
 Wikipedia records that there are now three stations at Sealdah<ref name=SealdahStation/> :-
* ‘Sealdah North Station’ operates trains plying between Kolkata and Hasnabad, Bandel, Gede, Ranaghat, Shantipur, Krishnanagar, Berhampore, Lalgola, Dankuni, Katwa, Bardhaman, Kanchrapara, Barrackpore, Kalyani, Kalyani Simanta and others.
* ‘Sealdah Main Station’ is the mail/express terminal for long-distance trains to northern, north-western, north-eastern & eastern India, through Dankuni line and Bandel line. Krishnanagar line is also serving long distance intrastate trains.
* ‘Sealdah South Station’acts as the terminal for local trains plying between Kolkata and [[Budge-Budge]], Canning, Diamond Harbour and Namkhana.

===Chitpur Station===
‘Chitpur Station’, 2½ miles(4km) to the north of [[Calcutta]] was a small suburban station on the ‘EBR Eastern Section’. In 2006 became the ‘Kolkata Station’,this railway station was built to offload the passenger traffic of the ‘Sealdah Main Station’<ref>[https://www.yatra.com/indian-railways/kolkata-koaa-railway-station Indian Railways ‘Kolkata Koaa Railway Station’]; Retrieved 14 Feb 2021</ref>.

===Dum Dum Station===
‘Dum Dum Junction Station’ at [[Dum Dum]], 4 miles(6.5km) to the north of [[Calcutta]] on the ‘EBR Eastern Section’ was a junction with the ‘EBR Central Section’ <ref name=DumDum/>

==<big><big>Howrah Stations</big></big>==
===Howrah Station===
[[Howrah]] was the Terminal Station of the ‘[[East Indian Railway]]’(EIR) from the start of the service in 1854. In 1900 the ‘[[Bengal-Nagpur Railway]]’(BNR) opened the ‘Calcutta Extension Line’ and the new Station was opened in 1905
 [[Howrah_Railway_Station| ‘Howrah Railway Station’ ''- see separate page for further details'']]

===Howrah Light Railway Station===
[[Howrah-Amta Light Railway| ‘Howrah-Amta Light Railway’ (HALR) ''- see separate page'']]
The 2ft/610mm Narrow Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) Tramway/Light Railway running through the streets had major stops in the Calcutta suburbs as follow:-
* ‘Telkal Ghat Terminal’ for both the HALR and the HSLR
*’Howrah Maiden’
* ‘Panchanantala Road’
* ‘Kadamtala Station’, where the HALR and HSLR lines separated.

==<big><big>Calcutta Tramway Routes and Stations</big></big>==
The Tram Terminus was located at ‘Sealdah Station’ to Armenian Ghat, via Bowbazar Street, Dalhousie Square and Strand Road. The horse-drawn route opened in 1880. In 1900, the electrification began and the first electric tramcar in Calcutta ran from Esplanade to Kidderpore in 1902 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta_Tramways_Company Wikipedia ‘Calcutta Tramways Company’]; Retrieved 14 Feb 2021</ref>. Trams departed from Sealdah towards Rajabazar, Howrah Station, Calcutta High Court, Dalhousie Square, Park Circus and Dharmatala. Expansion of the system continued by the [[Calcutta Tramways Company| ‘Calcutta Tramways Company’ '' - see separate page'']]

[[File: Calcutta_Tramways_Company_Routes_1910.png|thumb|Calcutta Tramways Company Routes, 1910]]
The following Stations are listed in the ‘Calcutta Tramway Route Map, 1910’
<ref>[https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/ids:10327547 Extracted from Harvard University, Harvard Map Collection, G7654_C2P33_1910_C3_9451461477]; Retrieved 14 Feb 2021</ref> :-
* ‘Begatchia’
* ‘Dalhousie Square’
*’ Esplanade’
*’Grey Street’
* ‘Kalighat’
* ‘Alipore Lane’
* ‘Kidderpore’
* ‘Maidan’
* ‘Sealdah Station’
* ‘Bow Bazar Street’
* ‘Nimtolla’
* ‘Hare Street’
* ‘Bagh Bazar’
* ‘Lall Bazar Street’
* ‘Bentinok Street’
* ‘Raja Bazar’
* ‘Dharamtolla’
* ‘Nonapuker’
* ‘High Court’
*’Wellesley Road’
* ‘Harrison Road’
* ‘Sealdagh Station’
* ‘Sham Bazar’
* ‘Bow Bazar’
* ‘Tollygunj’
* ‘Behala’
* ‘Diamond Harbour Road’
* ‘Howrah Station’
* ‘Salkia’
* ‘Howrah Road’
* ‘Sikapore’
* ‘Maidan Road’

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Railway Architecture]]

Eastern Bengal Railway

2021-03-07T10:10:09Z

PEA-2292:

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|route= [[Calcutta]] to [[Faridpur]] (BG) with branches to [[Budge-Budge]], [[Diamond Harbour]], [[Lalgola]]
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 495 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 637 miles (1905)
|gauge3= 2' 6" NG
|gauge3details= 55 miles (1905)
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1857
|timeline1details= Formed as [[Guaranteed Railways|Guaranteed company]]
|timeline2date= 1868
|timeline2details= [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]] taken over
|timeline3date= 1884
|timeline3details= Taken over by State
|timeline4date= 1915
|timeline4details= Opening of [[Hardinge Bridge]] at Sara Ghat
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|stations= [[Sealdah]], [[Dum Dum]], [[Naihati]], [[Kaliganga]], [[Rajbari]], [[Goalundo]], [[Ranaghat]], [[Krishnagar]], [[Plassey]], [[Murshidabad]]
|system1date= 1884
|system1details= State agency
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
}}

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image= Eastern Bengal Railway logo.jpg
|caption= ''Eastern Bengal Railway device''
|timeline1date= 1884
|timeline1details= Renamed '''Eastern Bengal State Railway'''
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date= 1915
|timeline3details= Reverted to [[Eastern Bengal Railway]]
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|company1=
|company1details=
|company2=1868
|company2details= [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]]
|company3= 1887
|company3details= [[Dacca State Railway]]
|company4= 1887
|company4details= [[Northern Bengal State Railway]]
|company5= 1887
|company5details= [[Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]]
|company6=
|company6details= [[Cooch Behar Railway]]
|company7=
|company7details= [[Mymensingh-Jamalpur-Jagannath Railway]]
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9= 1904
|company9details= [[Bengal Central Railway]]
|company10=
|company10details= [[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]]
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12= 1941
|company12details= [[Bengal Dooars Railway]]
|headquarters= [[Calcutta]]
|workshop= [[Kanchrapara]], [[Saidpur]] ''See'' [[EBR Railway Workshops]]
|stations= [[Bangaon]], [[Jessore]],
|system1date= 1942
|system1details= Merged into [[Bengal and Assam Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 495 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 688 miles (1905)
|gauge3= 2' 6" NG
|gauge3details= 89 miles (1905)
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[Eastern Bengal Railway Battalion]]
}}

[[File: Eastern Bengal Railway Map 1909.png|thumb| Eastern Bengal Railway Map 1909]]

The '''Eastern Bengal Railway''' Company (EBR) was formed as a [[Guaranteed Railways|Guaranteed Railway]] company in 1857 for "the construction and working of a line from [[Calcutta]] to [[Dacca]], with a branch to [[Jessore]]. Capital 1,000,000''l''. This amount has been sanctioned for the line from Calcutta to the Ganges at Kooshtee([[Kushtia]]), near Pubnah, about 80 miles, all that is authorised to be proceeded with at present. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent on 1,000,000''l'' " <ref> "Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a. </ref>.

==History==
The first construction started in October 1859. Isambard Kingdom Brunel had been engaged in Britain as consulting engineer to the EBR and [[Bradford Leslie]], an English civil engineer who specialised in bridges, was sent to India as engineer in charge of bridges and viaducts. He supervised the building of the [[East_Bengal_Railway_Bridges#Ichamati_River_Railway_Bridge|Eschamutter(Ichamati)]] and [[East_Bengal_Railway_Bridges#Kumar_River_Railway_Bridge|Koomar(Kumar)]] river bridges before returning to Britain in 1861. He returned to India in 1865 and became Chief Engineer and Agent <ref> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford_Leslie Wikipedia "Bradford Leslie"]; Retrieved on 5 May 2016</ref>
<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PpJMCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&lpg=PT74&dq=southern+punjab+railway+company&source=bl&ots=R1AsTgkegr&sig=CzpHod72_VMtjRKj6Ire4zWNOV4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyqrig1rXMAhVrJMAKHY0EDRc4ChDoAQg3MAU#v=onepage&q=southern%20punjab%20railway%20company&f=false Google Books “New Delhi: The Last Imperial City- Sir Bradford Leslie and the meaning of Empire, Chapter 5.3” by D. Johnson, Richard Watson"]; Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>.

The '[[Brassey & Co|Brassey, Wythes and Paxman Partenership]] undertook the construction of the EBR a line of 112 miles(179km) from [[Calcutta]] to [[Kushtia|Kooshtea(Kushtia)]] on the River Ganges. The line opened in stages from [[Calcutta]] in 1862 and completed through to [[Kushtia]] in 1864.

The [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the Eastern Bengal Railway“]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|
‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] Line sanctioned 159 miles(256km), which included 45 miles(72km)of Line opened 1870 with nil to be finished’. The Report also details the [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Eastern_Bengal_Railway._Paragraphs_76-78.3B_Page_36|‘progress of the railway and the commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for Report details.''

[[Franklin Prestage]] became the Agent for the EBR in the early 1870's. In its original contract with the Secretary of State for India, the EBR Company was to open a rail-line to [[Darjeeling]]. However the [[Government of India]] took a decision to stop expansion of rail-lines by Guaranteed companies in new areas and instead decided to construct and manage new rail-lines as [[:Category:State Railways|State Railways]]. Prestage resigned from EBR and in 1879 set up the [[Darjeeling Steam Tramway]] Company <ref>[http://www.irfca.org/articles/eminent-railwaymen.html#prestage “Eminent Railwaymen of Yesteryears” by R R Bhandari July 2008, reproduced by IRFCA ''Indian Railways Fan Club''] Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>.

The EBR became the '''Eastern Bengal State Railway'''(EBSR), owned and managed by the Government of India([[Government of India |GoI]]), on 30 June 1884.

The GoI merged the broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]] into the EBSR, and in 1887 several metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) and narrow gauge [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] railways
Railways – this giving the three Rail Gauges that made up the EBR network.

In 1915, the system reverted to the style, '''Eastern Bengal Railway'''.

During the 1920s, the EBR continued to grow by merger and amalgamation, and also began to convert sections of metre and narrow gauge to eliminate rail bottlenecks.

On 1 January 1941, the GoI acquired the [[Bengal Dooars Railway]] and merged it into the EBR.

In 1942, the GoI merged the EBR with the [[Assam Bengal Railway]] to create the [[Bengal and Assam Railway]].

== EBR Personnel ==
See separate page '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway Personnel]]'''

== EBR Lines owned and worked ==
The development of the EBR network is detailed in a separate page '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked]] ''' broken down into the three Rail Gauge Divisions.
 The initial construction of Bridges is covered in a separate page '''[[East Bengal Railway Bridges|Eastern Bengal Railway Bridges]]''' as part of the development of the EBR system

==External Links==
*[http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Railway Banglapedia "National Encyclopaedia of Bangladesh" Railway]
*[http://inforail.blogspot.com/2012/10/brief-history-of-bangladesh-railway.html "Brief History of Bangladesh Railway" Bangladesh Railway Information]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]
[[Category:Narrow Gauge (NG) Railways]]

Budge-Budge Branch Railway

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PEA-2292:

The '''Budge-Budge Branch Railway''' was part of the [[Eastern Bengal Railway]](EBR) broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) network and was opened in 1890. The line connected [[Budge-Budge]] to the EBR terminus a [[Sealdah]] and becoming part of the [[Calcutta]] suburban network.

==History==
‘It was sanctioned in 1886 as a line from Ballygunge to Kidderpore Docks, which was to be constructed by the [[Calcutta Port Commissioners' Railway]]; a tramway from Tolly’s Nullah, which belonged to the Port Commisioners, was taken over an incorporated in the line. Sanction to an extension to [[Budge-Budge]] was given in 1888 and the line opened in 1890.
<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?isbn=8172681933 "Bengal District Gazetteers: 24-Parganas" – page 168 by Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley,I.C.S];Retrieved 10 Dec 2015</ref>

==Further Information==
See '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked]]'''

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Budge Budge, Caledonian Jute Mills Co Railway

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PEA-2292:

'''Budge Budge, Caledonian Jute Mills Co Railway'''

The 'Caledonian Jute Mills Co ltd' owned a [[Jute Growing|Jute Mill]] at [[Budge-Budge]], South 24 Paraganas District with '[[Andrew Yule & Co]]' as [[Managing_Agencies|Managing Agent]]. In 1917 it was operating with 588 looms <ref name =WB144>“Industrial Railways and Locomotives of India and South Asia” compiled by Simon Darvill. Published by ‘The Industrial Railway Society’ 2013. ISBN 978 1 901556 82-7. Available at http://irsshop.co.uk/India. Reference: Entry WB144 page ....</ref>.

The records indicate that a 2ft 6in/762mm ([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) system was operational at the mill <ref name =WB144/>.

''No further information has been found.''

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Industrial Railways]]
[[Category:Narrow Gauge (NG) Railways]]
[[Category:Commerce and Manufacturing Companies]]

Budge-Budge

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PEA-2292: Created page with "{{Locations}} The station at this town was on the Eastern Bengal Railway (EBR) See Imperial Gazetteer Volume 9 Page 145 and other pages Category:Locations"

{{Locations}}

The station at this town was on the [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] (EBR)

See Imperial Gazetteer Volume 9 Page 145 and other pages

[[Category:Locations]]

Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked

2021-03-07T09:02:13Z

PEA-2292: Internal link coirrections

'''Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked'''

<blockquote>- a sub-section of the '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway]]'''(EBR) page</blockquote>
<blockquote>- see also separate page '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked|East Bengal Railway Bridges - Lines owned and worked]]'''</blockquote>

[[File:East Bengal Railway System 1937 Map.png|thumb| EBR Railway System 1937 Map]]
==EBR Railway Network==
The [[Eastern Bengal Railway]](EIR) owned and operated an extensive network of railways of broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]), metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) and 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]])

The EBR also managed, worked and maintained a number of lines on behalf of other parties.

The development of the EBR can be considered as three systems:-

[[File:East Bengal Railway - Broad Gauge Division 1909.png|thumb|East Bengal Railway - Broad Gauge Division 1909]]
==EBR Broad Gauge System==
The following is generally based on pages 42-43 of the ‘1918 Administration Report on Railways’
<ref name=Admin191842>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n51mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” pages 42-43 (pdf 51-52) ]; Retrieved 1 Sep 2020</ref>

The broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) from the [[Calcutta]] terminus station at [[Sealdah]] via [[Dum Dum]] and [[Ranaghat]] to [[Poradaha]] opened in 1862 and extended in 1864 to [[Kushtia]]. The company had also acquired a steam vessel service operating between [[Kushtia]] and [[Dacca]] on the Ganges River (known in this region as the Padma River) <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"; pages 127-8, paragraphs 3.51 - 3.55] Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>. In 1871 the line was extended from [[Poradaha]] to a new ferry terminal at [[Goalundo]] , about 45 miles east of [[Kushtia]] and reducing the river trip to [[Dacca]]. These railways became the start of the ‘EBR Eastern Division’.

In 1868 the [[Government of India]] took ownership of the BG [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]] and awarded the EBR the contract for working the line from [[Calcutta]] to [[Port Canning]]. This became, this became start of the the ‘EBR Southern Section’.

‘EBR Eastern Section’ - by 1874 the BG branch from [[Poradaha]] to [[Damukdia]] on the right bank of Padma River, opposite [[Sara Ghat]] had opened. Passengers crossed the river Padma by railway operated steamer ferry using the [[Sara Train Ferry]]. In 1874 this linked to the metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) [[Northern Bengal State Railway]] (NBSR) running northwards reaching [[Siliguri]]. By 1879 the journey north from [[Calcutta]] to [[Shiliguri]] became possible without a break. At [[Siliguri]] , in the foothills of the Himilayas, there was a connection with the [[Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway]] (which opened 1879-81)
<ref name=name>[http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Railway “National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh – Railways”]; Retrieved 27 Dec 2017</ref>

‘EBR Central Section’ - the EBR operated the [[Bengal Central Railway]] from the outset with two BG lines
[[Ranaghat]] to [[Bangaon]], opened in Oct 1882; and [[Dum Dum]] which reached [[Khulna]] (Khoolna) in 1884, via [[Bangaon]] (Bongong) and [[Jessore]].

‘EBR Southern Section’- in 1883 was extended to reach [[Diamond Harbour]].

‘EBR Eastern Section’ - in 1890 was extended further eastward to [[Faridpur]] and from 1905 northwards to reach [[Murshidabad]] and on to Lalgola Ghat in 1907. Two proposals for further extensions are given in the ‘Imperial Gazetteer’ :- the 1909 map shows a dotted line to extend the line northwards from [[Lagola]] to connect to the EBR metre gauge(MG) network at [[ Katiawar]]
<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gaz_atlas_1909/fullscreen.html?object=30 ‘Gazetteer of India’ v. 26, Atlas 1909 edition, Railway Map--Sectional (2), p. 24. ]; Retrieved 27 Dec 2017</ref>
and the ‘Imperial Gazetteer’ states <ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_056.gif ‘Imperial Gazetteer of India’, v. 18, p. 50. ]; Retrieved 27 Dec 2017</ref> “There is also a proposal to bridge the Bhagirathi River between Jiaganj and Murshidabad, and to connect the new line with the [[East Indian Railway]] system”.
 Neither of these proposals were adopted.

Further minor branches had been constructed thereafter, giving by 1918 <ref name=Admin191842/> a total BG network of 569 miles(915km) :-
* ‘EBR Eastern Section’ 371 miles(597km)
* ‘EBR Southern Section’ 70 miles(113km)
* ‘EBR Central Section’ 128 miles(206km)

By 1937 the BG line length increased to 846 miles(1361km)
<ref name=Hist193770>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 70 pdf 95]; Retrieved 1 Sept 2020</ref>:-
* ‘EBR Eastern Section’ 629 miles(1012km). The original ‘BG Main Line’ from Calcutta ran as far as Santahar where it interchanged to the ’Santahar-Silguri Extension’, a 145 mile(233km) metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) that had opened in 1877-78. This was converted to BG in stages from 1914 to 1926 to thus extending the ‘BG Main Line’
* ‘EBR Southern Section’ 92 miles(148km), with the added 23 miles(37km) ‘Lalshmikantapur Branch’, opened 1928
* ‘EBR Central Section’ 126 miles(203km) with only minor corrections from the 1918 Reportr

===Lines worked by EBR and included in the ‘EBR BG System===
In addition the BG [[Sara-Sirajgonj Railway]] 53 mile(85km) branch from the EBR mainline had been constructed and then worked by EBR as a part of the ‘EBR Eastern Section’

[[File:East Bengal Railway - Metre Gauge System 1909.png|thumb|East Bengal Railway - Metre Gauge Division 1909]]

==EBR Metre Gauge System==
The following is generally based on pages 47-48 of the ‘1918 Administration Report on Railways’
<ref name=Admin191847>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n55mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” pages 47-48 (pdf 55-56) ]; Retrieved 1 Sep 2020</ref>

The EBR metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) system originated by absorption of other railways

''See separate pages for more information and references''

[[Northern Bengal State Railway]] (NBSR) in 1877-78 opened the MG [[Santahar]] via [[Parvatipur]](Parbatipur on map) to [[Jalpaguri]] line extending it northwards to [[Siliguri]] in 1878 and southwards to the [[Sara Train Ferry|Train Ferry]] at [[Sara Ghat]] in 1879. This completed the northern link. The NBSR had also by this date completed the line eastward from [[Parvatipur]] via [[Rangpur]](Rungpore on map) to [[Kaunia]](Kauniya on map). At [[Kaunia]] the line linked to the narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) [[Kaunia-Dharlia State Tram/Railway]]. In 1887, to ensure better management the NBSR was transferred to the EBR, this became the start of the ‘EBR Metre Gauge’.

[[Dacca State Railway]](DSR) also in 1887, was transferred to the EBR although this MG line was not connected to the EBR system. Later, in 1899, the EBR constructed the MG [[Mymensingh-Jamalpur-Jagannath Railway]], owned by the [[Indian General Navigation and Railway Company]]. The two lines were linked and worked jointly by EBR.

[[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]] in 1899-1900 opened two MG lines which were worked by EBR. [[Santahar]] to [[Bonarpara]], 51 miles(81km) and the [[Phulchari Branch Railway]] from [[Bonarpara]] to [[Phulchari]], 8 miles(14km). In 1904 the EBR acquired these lines became the first part of the EBR ‘Santahar-Kaunia Loop Section’ when the system was extended to [[Kaunia]] in 1905

[[Gauhati Branch Railway]] in 1906 the EBR opened from [[Golakganj]] eastward and reached [[Armingoan]] by 1909; where it linked to EBR’s [[Amingaon-Pandu Train Ferry]]; crossing the Brahmaputra River to the [[Pandu Ghat-Gauhati Railway]] connecting to [[Assam-Bengal Railway]](ABR) at [[Gauhati]]. This completed the ‘EBR Mainline MG’ of 328 miles(528km).

By 1918, with further construction of branches, the EBR network had a MG line length of 978 miles(1574km)
<ref name=Admin191847/>

By 1937 the MG line length had increased to 1039 miles(1672km) with the addition of several MG branch lines and the reduction of 145(miles(223km) converted from MG to extend the ‘Eastern Section - ‘BG Main Line’ mentioned above.
<ref name=Hist193776>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 76 pdf 103]; Retrieved 1 Sept 2020</ref>-

[[File:East Bengal Railway - Narrow Gauge System 1909.png|thumb|East Bengal Railway - Narrow Gauge System 1909]]
==EBR Narrow Gauge System ==
The following is generally based on pages 49-52 of the ‘1918 Administration Report on Railways’
<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n58mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” pages 49-52 (pdf58-60) ]; Retrieved 27 Dec 2017</ref>.

The EBR 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] system originated by absorption of other railways

''See separate pages for more information and references''

[[Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]] had opened in 1882 as a 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) line running east wards from [[Kaunia]], where it connected to the NBSR metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]). Taken over by EBR in 1887 and in 1901 the section from [[Kaunia]] to [[Teesta]] was converted to MG becoming part of the [[Eastern Bengal Railway#EBR Metre Gauge Division|'EBR Metre Gauge']]

[[Cooch Behar State Railway]], 2ft 6in/762mm [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]], from its junction with the EBR at [[Gitaldaha]] reached [[Cooch Behar]] in 1898, owned by the [[Princely states|Princely ]][[Cooch Behar State]] and worked by the EBR. The line was extended northward to the border with British Territory in 1900 and to [[Jainti]] in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in 1901. In 1910 the entire line from [[Gitaldaha]] to [[Jainti]] line was converted to MG becoming the 'Jainti Branch' of the [[Eastern Bengal Railway#EBR Metre Gauge Division|'EBR Metre Gauge']]

[[Khulna-Bagerhat Railway]], 2ft 6in/762mm [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]], 20 miles(32km) opened in 1918. Owned by a private company but worked by EBR. The line ran from [[Khulna]] [[Khulna]] was the end of the ‘EBR Central Section’ broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) mainline to [[Bagirhaut]],

== Alphabetical Listing of EBR lines and lines worked by EBR==
''See separate pages for more information and references''
*[[Bengal Central Railway]], BG line, opened 1882-84 and worked by EBR. Private company without guarantee; merged into EBR , 1905 becoming the start of the ‘EBR Central System’.
*[[Bengal Dooars Railway]](BDR), MG line, opened 1893. Independent Company operation small MG network linking to the ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ [[Lalmanir Hat- Gitaldaha Railway|’Lalmanir Hat- Gitaldaha’ MG section]], merged into EBR , 1941
*[[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]], MG line, opened 1899 by a branch company but worked by EBR. Amalgamated into the EBR, 1904 together with [[Phulchari Branch Railway]], to form the [[Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway|‘Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway’]].
*[[Budge-Budge Branch Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Southern Section’, opened 1890.
*[[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]], BG line, opened 1862. Surrendered to [[Government of India |GoI]] , 1868 and worked by EBR; merged into EBR, 1884 becoming the start of the ‘EBR Southern Section’.
*[[Canning Branch Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Southern Section’, opened 1862-63.
*[[Chitpur Branch Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1873.
*[[Churni Extension Railway]], BG short extension of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1902
*[[Cooch Behar State Railway]], NG line, opened 1894-98. [[Princely states|Princely State]] railway, joined to the [[Jainti Branch Railway]], (British Section ), worked by EB, and finally bought by EBR c.1899 and converted to MG, 1910.
*[[Dacca State Railway]], MG line, formerly [[Narayanganj-Dacca-Mymensingh State Railway]], opened 1885 ; merged into EBR , 1887; becoming the EBR ‘Dacca Section Railway’.
*[[Dacca Section Railway]], MG section of the of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, transferred to EBR 1887 from [[Dacca State Railway|”Dacca State Railway’]].
*[[Dalsingpara Branch Railway]], BG branch line of the [[Jainti Branch Railway|Jainti Branch]] of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, under construction in 1911, opened 1912 extended 1914.
*[[Dhubri Branch Railway]], MG branch line of ‘EBR Assam Section Metre Gauge’, opened 1902
*[[Diamond Harbour Line Railway]], BG link line opened 1862 by the [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]]; and worked by EBR; merged into EBR, 1884 becoming the start of the ‘EBR Southern Section’.
*[[Faridpur Branch Railway]], BG branch of the [[Poradaha Branch Railway]] of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1898-99.
*[[Gauhati Branch Railway]], MG branch line of ‘EBR Assam Section Metre Gauge’, incorporating part of [[Kaunia-Dharlia State Tram/Railway]] , opened 1906, extended up to 1909.
*[[Goalundo Branch Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1862; extended up to 1882.
*[[Godagari Ghat Branch Railway]], MG branch line from the [[Katihar Section Railway|Kahihar Section]] of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1909.
*[[Jainti Branch Railway]], (British Section ), MG branch line of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, converted to MG 1910. Originally NG, opened 1900-1 as a feeder through ‘British Territory’ to join with the ‘[[Cooch Behar State Railway]]’
*[[Jagannathganj Ghat Branch Railway]], MG branch line of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ of the [[Dacca Section Railway]], formerly the [[Dacca State Railway]], opened c.1887?
*[[Jogbani Branch Railway]], MG branch line from the [[Katihar Section Railway|Kahihar Section]] of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1887, extended 1909.
*[[Kankurgachi Chord Railway]], BG short connecting line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1907.
*[[Katihar Section Railway]], MG section of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1883 and extended 1889.
*[[Kaunia-Bonarpara Extension Railway]], MG section of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ as an extension to [[Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway]], opened 1905.
*[[ Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]], NG line, opened 1882 , taken over by EBR 1887, divided into two sections - the [[Kaunia-Teesta Section Railway|’Kaunia-Teesta Section’]] and the [[Teesta-Kurigram Railway|’Teesta-Kurigram Railway’]].
*[[ Kaunia-Teesta Section Railway]], originally a NG line and part of the [[ Kaunia-Kurigram Railway|’ Kaunia-Kurigram Railway’]], opened 1882, taken over by EBR 1887, the [[ Kaunia-Teesta Section Railway|’ Kaunia-Teesta Section’]] converted to MG, 1901, to become part of the the 'EBR Metre Gauge' mainline. *[[ Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]].
*[[Kaunia-Dharlia State Tram/Railway]], NG line, opened 1882 , alternative name see [[ Kaunia-Kurigram Railway|’Kaunia-Kurigram Railway’]].
*[[Khulna-Bagerhat Railway]], NG line, opened 1918-19. Narrow gauge(NG) railway owned by private company. ; Constructed and worked by EBR, later converted to MG becming part of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ system.
*[[Khulna Branch Railway]], BG line, opened 1883-4 as a branch of [[Bengal Central Railway]]; until merger in 1905 when becoming a branch line of the ‘EBR Eastern Section’.
*[[Kishanganj Branch Railway]], MG branch line of the [[Katihar Section Railway|Kahihar Section]] of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1892.
*[[Kosi Branch Railway]], MG branch line of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1887, extended to 1909
*[[Krishnager-Nabadwip Light Railway ]], NG line part of the [[Santipur-Nabadwip Light Railway ]]
*[[Kurigram Branch Railway]], NG line, alternative name see ‘[[Teesta-Kurigram Railway]]’
*[[Kushtia Loop Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1864; extended 1881
*[[Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway]],BG branch line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’opened 1905 as the [[Murshidabad Branch Railway]], extended 1907 to [[Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway|’Lalgola Ghat’]]
*[[Lalmanir Hat- Gitaldaha Railway]], MG section of the ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ mainline , opened 1901-02 providing link between [[Bengal Dooars Railway]] and [[Cooch Behar State Railway]].
*[[Manihari Branch Railway]], MG section of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1887 as a branch to [[Katihar]], later becoming the western end of the MG mainline.
*[[Murshidabad Branch Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1905, extended to [[Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway|’Lalgola Ghat’]].
*[[Mymensingh-Jamalpur-Jagannath Railway]], MG privately owned by [[Indian General Navigation and Railway Company]], worked by EBR. Acquired by the State and passed in EBR in the 1920’s.
*[[Northern Bengal State Railway]], MG, opened 1877-79. Merged into EBR , 1887; becoming the start of the ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ – ‘ North Bengal Section’
*[[Patipukur Loop Railway]], BG chord line for goods only, of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1904.
*[[Poradaha Branch Railway]], MG, opened c.1880. Constructed by [[Northern Bengal State Railway]], but worked by EBR; apparently taken over by EBR c.1913
*[[ Phulchari Branch Railway]] MG line, opened 1899 by a branch company but worked by EBR. Amalgamated into the EBR, 1904 together with [[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]], to form the [[Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway|‘Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway’]].
*[[Raiti Branch Railway]], BG branch of the [[Poradaha Branch Railway]] of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1916.
*[[Ranagat-Bangaon Railway]], BG opened 1882 as part of [[Bengal Central Railway]]; became section of EBR , 1905
*[[Ranaghat-Krishnagar Light Railway]] Company, NG lines opened 1898-99 as two parts [[Santipur-Krishnager Light Railway]] and [[Krishnager-Nabadwip Light Railway]] built and initially worked by [[Martin's Light Railways]]. Company taken over by EBR, 1904becoming part of ‘EBR Narrow Gauge Section’
*[[Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway]], MG chord line, formed by amalgamation in 1904 of the [[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]] and the [[ Phulchari Branch Railway]] as part of the ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, extended 1905.
*[[Santahar-Siliguri Railway]], MG branch line of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1877-78.
*[[Santipur-Krishnager Light Railway]], NG, part of the ‘[[Ranaghat-Krishnagar Light Railway]]’
*[[Santipur-Nabadwip Light Railway]] NG, opened 1898. Constructed by [[Martin's Light Railways]] Company; taken over by EBR , 1904
*[[Sara-Sirajgonj Railway]], BG privately owned line, opened 1915-16. Worked by EBR and finally purchased by EBR
*[[Singhjani Branch Railway]], MG branch line of [[Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway]] of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1900, extended to 1914.
*[[Tangla Branch Railway]], MG branch of Assam Section of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ opened 1912.
*[[Teesta-Kurigram Railway]], NG line, also known as the [[Kurigram Branch Railway]], opened 1882 as part of the the [[Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]], taken over by EBR 1887 and remained NG until after 1916.

==EBR Train Ferry Links==
*[[Pandu Ghat-Gauhati Railway]] opened c.1908 Link constructed by EBR to link the [[Amingaon-Pandu Train Ferry]]. Rail transhipment by ferry crossing the Brahmaputra River linking EBR system to [[Assam Bengal Railway]](ABR)'s network. Worked by ABR; transferred to ABR, 1922
*[[Sara Train Ferry]] opened c.1899. Ferry link from EBR main line across Ganges to Sara taking Goods wagons. Operated until 1915 on opening of [[Hardinge Bridge]].

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]

East Indian Railway

2021-03-06T09:25:58Z

PEA-2292: Stations Infobox’ revised and new heading ‘Stations’ added

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image= Howrah Station view 16.jpg
|caption= ''Howrah Station, Calcutta''
|route= [[Howrah]] ([[Calcutta]]) to [[Delhi]]
[[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]]
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 1962 miles (1905) 2775 miles (1918 4217 miles (1937)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1849
|timeline1details= Guarantee agreed with [[East India Company]]
|timeline2date= 1851
|timeline2details= Construction begun
|timeline3date= 1854 1867 1871
|timeline3details= First train between Howrah and Hooghly First through train to Delhi First through train to Bombay via Jubbalpore
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date= 1880
|timeline5details= Line acquired by State
|presidency= [[Bengal]]
|stations= '''[[Agra]]''', [[Benares]], '''[[Cawnpore]]''', '''[[Delhi]]''', '''[[Howrah]]''', [[Hooghly]], [[Mirzapur]], [[Patna]]
''See also heading '''Stations''' for major stations marked'' '''bold'''
|system1date= 1880
|system1details= worked by East Indian Railway Company
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system4details=
|auxillary forces=
}}

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image= East Indian Railway logo.jpg
|caption=''East Indian Railway device''
|timeline1date= 1880
|timeline1details= EIR re-formed to work line now owned by State
|timeline2date= 1925
|timeline2details= Management of system taken over by State
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|company1= 1880
|company1details= [[East Indian Railway]]
|company2= 1889
|company2details= [[Delhi-Umballa-Kalka Railway]]
|company3=
|company3details= [[South Behar Railway]]
|company4= 1885
|company4details= [[Tarkessur Railway]]
|company5=
|company5details= [[Jind-Panipat Railway]]
|company6= 1925
|company6details= [[Oudh and Rohilkhand]] merged into EIR
|company7=
|company7details=
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9=
|company9details=
|company10=
|company10details=
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12=
|company12details=
|headquarters= [[Calcutta]]
|workshop= [[Jamalpur]], [[Lillooah‎|Liluah]]
|stations= [[Agra]], [[Benares]], [[Howrah]], [[Patna]]
|system1date= 1947
|system1details= Eastern Division, [[Indian Railways]]
|system2date= 1952
|system2details= split between [[Eastern Railway|Eastern]] & [[Northern Railway|Northern Railways]] (IR zones)
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 2225 miles (1905) 4011 miles (1943)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[East Indian Railway Regiment]]
}}

[[File: East Indian Railway Map 1909, east section.png|thumb| East Indian Railway Map 1909, east section - Howrah (Calcutta) to Gaya]]
[[File: East Indian Railway Map 1909, mid section.png|thumb| East Indian Railway Map 1909, mid section__ - Gaya to Cawnpore]]
[[File: East Indian Railway Map 1909 west section.png|thumb| East Indian Railway Map 1909, west section - Cawnpore to Delhi]]

Built on the same terms and conditions as the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR), the '''East Indian Railway''' (EIR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under license and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the [[East India Company]] (EIC).

By 1859, the arrangements were "the construction and working of lines from [[Calcutta]] to [[Delhi]], and from [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore|Juppulpore]] - total, about 1,400 miles. Capital - 12,731,000''l''. This amount has been sanctioned for the works specified, but it is probable that a larger sum will be required. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 11,553,000''l''. capital; 4½ per cent. on 1,178,000''l''. debentures, convertible into shares."
<ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a]; Retrieved 17 Dec 2015</ref>

== History ==
In January 1844 [[Rowland Macdonald Stephenson]] published an article in the leading daily paper, 'The Englishman', with his proposals, illustrated by a large map of India, showing the whole system of lines which he held to be most suitable for the country. This gained Government support and he returned to London after reinforcing his position with the merchants of Bengal. Back in England, Stephenson proposed formation of a company with the title “'East Indian Railway Company” <ref>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Rowland_Macdonald_Stephenson Grace's Guide "Rowland Macdonald Stephenson"] Retrieved on 4 Jun 2016</ref>

The '''East Indian Railway Company''' (EIR) was formed in May 1845 with a power to raise a capital of 4 million pound sterling and Stephenson was the first Agent and Chief Engineer.

The early development of the EIR was based on the significant discussions, reports and papers were being prepared and circulated as proposed in the minutes of the Honourable the Court of Directors of the [[ East India Company]](EIC), of the 7th May, 1845. In the event the EIR were given consent construct a railway from [[Calcutta]] to [[Mirzapur|Mirzapore(Mirzapur)]] and the [[North West Provinces]]. This comprehensive Report with other papers, letters and observations has been transcribed in full by Fibis as it contains significant details and analysis and is described as the [[Great Trunk Railway from Calcutta|’ Great Trunk Railway from Calcutta’ ''- see separate page for details'']].

After four years of protracted negotiation and strenuous efforts, including a direct appeal to the British Prime Minister, a contact was signed in August 1849 between the EIR and the EIC and became one of the three original guaranteed companies sanctioned to construct experimental lines.

An 1852 dispatch concerning an “Experimental Line of Railway in Bengal” shows that the section had been approved “commencing at or near Calcutta to form part of a trunk line to connect to Delhi” and that “we have lately sanctioned a second section which will extend this line to Rajmahal”. Also that it is desirable immediately to commence similar work in the Upper Provinces...” The dispatch shows a change of heart, the draft shows, “commencing with such places as Allahabad and Cawnpore” which the EIC were going to build funded by a Government loan but before the dispatch was sent other information arrived and the draft dispatch was altered passing the decision back to Government <ref>British Library IOR/E/4/818 ‘Construction of Experimental Line of Railway in Bengal’, Page 505-6, 511. Dispatch No 67, 21 December 1852 </ref>. Clearly the outcome of this was that the EIR were authorised to construct these extensions to the railway.

It was not until August 1854 that the EIR opened its first section from [[Howrah]] to [[Hooghly]], a distance of 24 miles (38km. On 3rd February, 1855, the first portion of the line, 121 miles(194km) from [[Howrah]]) to [[Burdwan]] ( towards Delhi), was opened by Lord Dalhousie <ref name=SoP>"Symphony of Progress: The Saga of Eastern Railway 1854-2003" published by the Eastern Railway, Kolkata 2003, page 7, 10, 14 </ref>.

In the spring of 1857 the [[Indian Mutiny]] broke out and as a consequence a large portion of the work of construction was delayed<ref>[https://ia801404.us.archive.org/16/items/historyeastindi00huddgoog/historyeastindi00huddgoog.pdf Archive.org "History of the East Indian Railway ..." by George Huddlestone Appendix B, page 19, pdf page 40]; Retrieved 11 Jun 2016</ref>. Eight members of EIR staff lost there lives and remembered on the [[East Indian Railway 1857 Cawnpore Memorial|Memorial at Cawnpore Church]]<ref>[https://ia801404.us.archive.org/16/items/historyeastindi00huddgoog/historyeastindi00huddgoog.pdf Archive.org "History of the East Indian Railway ..." by George Huddlestone Appendix B, pages 280, pdf page 335]; Retrieved 11 Jun 2016</ref>

The line was extended to [[Rajmahal]] in October 1859 and opened by the first British Viceroy, Lord Canning on 15 October 1860. From [[Rajmahal]] EIR's lines proceeded westwards along the Ganges rapidly reaching [[Bhagalpur]] in 1861, [[Monghyr]] in February 1852 and [[Mughal Sarai]] (across the River Ganges from [[Benares]]) in December 1862. This last section included the EIR's first tunnel, the [[Jamalpur Tunnel]]; and the first major bridge on the route, the [[Soane Bridge]] near [[Arrah]] <ref name=SoP/>.By 1864, the EIR had arrived in Delhi although it was not until 1871 that the Bombay-Calcutta route was completed when the GIPR reached Juppulpore.

By 1865, with the opening of the [[Naini Bridge]] (over the Jamuna River at Naini, near [[Allahabad]]), there was a through line from [[Howrah]] (on the right bank of the Hoogly River facing [[Calcutta]]) to [[Agra]] (on the left bank of the Jamuna River facing [[Agra]], a line length of 1017 miles(1630km) <ref name=SoP/>

In 1866 the [[Yamuna Railway Bridge (Delhi)]] was constructed in 1866 by the [[East India Railway]] (EIR) and connected the two principal cities of North India [[Calcutta]] and [[Delhi]]; this being the last link of the trunk line on this route. <ref>[http://wikimapia.org/621608/Yamuna-Railway-Bridge Wikipapia "Yamuna Railway Bridge (Delhi)"]; Retrieved on 4 Jun 2016</ref>

The [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4|
“1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways“]] for the EIR gives [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|Broad Gauge (BG)]] ‘Main Line’ 1278 miles(2057km) open and ‘Jubbulpore Line’ 224 miles(360km) open.
[[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#East_Indian_Railway._Paragraph_62.3B_Page_34|
The Report also gives the 'progress and commercial' summery for the railway]] - ''see separate pages for details.''

The Government of India (GoI) acquired the assets of the EIR on 31 December 1879 while leaving the management to the private company.

In 1887 the [[Jubilee Bridge]] was completed, crossing the Hooghly River between Naihati and [[Hooghly]]. The bridge was constructed by the EIR and connected to the [[East Bengal Railway]](EBR) enabling freight traffic from upper India to run to the Port of Calcutta <ref> “Symphony of Progress - The Saga of the Eastern Railway 1854-2003”; published by Eastern Railway, kolkata 2003; page 30</ref>.

Progressive development of the EIR network continued such that by 1918 there was over 2400 miles (3840km) of broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) track.<ref>[https://ia801009.us.archive.org/8/items/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System.pdf " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 53-61]; Retrieved 17 Dec 2015</ref>

The Government of India (GoI) took over the direct running of the EIR on 1 January 1925. Six divisions of the EIR were created:- Howhah, Asanol & Dinapore known as the lower divisions; Moradabad, Lucknow & Allahabad, the upper divisions.

In 1952 the EIR was split to form two Zones of [[Indian Railways]]:-
 ‘[[Northern Railway]]’comprised the EIR Moradabad, Lucknow & Allahabad Divisions, which were added to other railways to form the [[Northern Railway| ‘Northern Railway Zone’ - ''see separate page'']]
 ‘[[Eastern Railway]]’ ’comprised the EIR Howhah, Asanol and Dinapore Divisions, which were added to to other railways to form the [[Eastern Railway| ‘Eastern Railway Zone’ - ''see separate page'']]

==Stations==
‘Howrah Railway Station’ was the terminus of the ‘[[East Indian Railway]]’ (EIR) from the time of the inaugural train on 15 Aug 1854. [[Howrah]] was connected to [[Calcutta]] crossing the Hooghly River first by boat then, from the early 1870’s by the [[Howrah Floating Bridge and Howrah Bridge| ‘Howrah Floating Bridge’ and finally in 1943 by the ‘Howrah Bridge’ ''- see separate page'']]
* [[Agra_Railways_%26_Stations#Agra_Stations| ‘Agra Stations’]]
* [[Cawnpore_Railways_and_Stations#Cawnpore_Stations| ‘Cawnpore Stations’]]
* [[Delhi_Railways_%26_Stations#Delhi_Stations| ‘Delhi Stations’]]
* [[Howrah_Railway_Station| ‘Howrah Station’]]

==Locomotive, Carriage & Wagon Workshops ==
*The first workshops to build [[EIR Locomotive Workshops|EIR Locomotives]], and [[EIR Carriage and Wagon Workshop|EIR Carriages and Wagons]] were established in [[Howrah]] and operational in the mid 1850’s.
*In 1862, the [[EIR Locomotive Workshops]] at [[Jamalpur]] were completed leaving the [[EIR Carriage and Wagon Workshop]] at [[Howrah]].
*By 1900 the new [[EIR Carriage and Wagon Workshop]] at [[Lillooah]] (3Km up line from Howrah) was established.
*On 15 January 1934, the [[EIR Locomotive Workshops|Jamalpur Locomotive Workshops]], along with the entire railway colony, were destroyed by an earthquake. It took 3 years to rebuild the facility.

==EIR Collieries and Coal Supplies==
''See separate pages''
* ‘[[Giridih District EIR Colliery Railways|EIR owned Collieries in Giridih District]]’ comprising:-
** ‘Kurhurbaree Colliery’
** ‘Seramphore Colliery’
* ‘[[Bokaro_Ramgarh_Coalfields_Railways#Joint_Collieries|Bokaro Joint Coalfield]]’, the EIR worked jointly with the ‘[[Bengal-Nagpur Railway]]’(BNR)
* ‘[[Bokaro_Ramgarh_Coalfields_Railways#Joint_Collieries| Sawang Joint Coalfield]]’, the EIR worked jointly with the BNR
* ‘[[ Central Indian Coalfields Railway]]’ , was owned by the Government of India until 1926 when absorbed into the EIR System, in addition to the above it served the following State Collieries:-
** ‘[[South Karanpura Coalfield]]’
** ‘[[North Karanpura Coalfield]]’
** ‘[[Bhurkunda Colliery]]’
** ‘[[Bokaro_Ramgarh_Coalfields_Railways#The_Coalfields|Ramgarh Coalfield]]’
** ‘[[Kargali Colliery]]’

== Organisation ==
By 1914, EIR was organised into the following departments, each with its own workshops with the main ones shown.
# Agency
# Audit & Accounts
# Carriage & Wagon - [[Lillooah‎|Lilloah]]; [[Allahabad]]
# Colliery - [[Giridih District EIR Colliery Railways|Giridih District]]
# Electrical
# Engineering
# Locomotive - [[Allahabad]]; [[Asansol]]; [[Dhanbaid]]; [[Dinapore]]; [[Jamalpur]]; [[Tundla]]
# Medical
# Printing
# Provident Institution
# Stores
# Traffic - [[Calcutta]] (Head Office); [[Allahabad]]; [[Asansol]]; [[Cawnpore]]; [[Howrah]]; Howrah Goods; [[Delhi]]; [[Dhanbaid]]; [[Dinapore]]; [[Gaya]]; [[Sahebgunge]]; [[Tundla]]

== Schools ==
The EIR operated many schools, of which probably the best known was [[Schools#O|Oak Grove School]] at [[Mussoorie]]. Oak Grove School is still associated with [[Indian Railways]] and [[Northern Railway]].

==EIR Railway Lines==
The EIR owned and worked on behalf of other parties an extensive network of broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) lines.

See <big>'''[[East Indian Railway - Lines owned and worked]]'''</big> for details and information:-
*BG Lines - owned and worked by EIR
*BG Lines absorbed into EIR
*BG Lines worked by EIR at some time
*BG Lines - EIR network expansion lines

==EIR Bridges and Tunnels==
See <big>'''[[East Indian Railway - Bridges and Tunnels]]'''</big>

==Records==
Refer to FIBIS Fact File #4: “Research sources for Indian Railways, 1845-1947” - available from the [http://www.fibis.org/store/fibis-books-and-publications/bff-0004-research-sources-for-indian-railways-1845-1947/ Fibis shop]. This Fact File contains invaluable advice on 'Researching ancestors in the UK records of Indian Railways' with particular reference to the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) held at the [[British Library]]

An on-line search of the IOR records relating to this railway
<ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 British Library “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 22 Jan 2016</ref> gives many references. The most important being:-
*'''L/AG/46/11 ''' “Records of the East Indian Railway Company; 1844-1953”
*'''L/AG/46/31 ''' “Records of the India Office relating to the East Indian Railway Company; 1879-1952”

==Personnel==
<big>'''[[East Indian Railway Personnel]]'''</big> gives details of notable EIR staff from many different sources.
*These have been listed by EIR Department and in Chronological order.
*The entries link to the [[:Category:Railway People|Notable Railway People]] pages.

The following employment records held at the IOR are relevant :-
*'''L/AG/46/11/133-137''' "Contracts of appointment, c1858-1925" (possibly not all included)
The above is indexed in
*'''Z/L/AG/46''' "Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-1925)"
*'''FIBIS database''' [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=1989&s_id=1068 List of Indian Railways UK Contracted Staff taken from IOR Series L/AG/46/12].

The following is not included in the index Z/L/AG/46.
*'''L/AG/46/11/138-141''' : "Half-yearly staff lists, 1861-1890 & 1911-1922" (giving ages from 1886).

'''Thacker's Directories'''
The following for East Indian Railways Personnel have been indexed in Grace's Guide -
*[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1856_Thackers:_East_Indian_Railway 1856 Thackers East Indian Railways Personnel]
*[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1861_Thackers:_East_Indian_Railway 1861 Thackers East Indian Railways Personnel]
*[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1867_Thackers:_East_Indian_Railway 1867 Thackers East Indian Railways Personnel]
*[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1872_Thackers:_East_Indian_Railway 1872 Thackers East Indian Railways Personnel]
*[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1877_Thackers:_East_Indian_Railway 1877 Thackers East Indian Railways Personnel]
*[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1882_Thackers:_East_Indian_Railway 1882 Thackers East Indian Railways Personnel]

'''East Indian Railway Company Records'''
The following have been indexed in Grace's Guide
*[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/East_Indian_Railway:_1880_Employees 1880 Alphabetic List of Europeans and East Indians in the Company Service]

==FIBIS resources==
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=1989&s_id=1068 List of Indian Railways UK Contracted Staff taken from IOR Series L/AG/46/11]. FIBIS database
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=839&s_id=243 Index to V/13/244 East Indian Railway Staff List 1914]FIBIS database
*"The Indian Railways and a dynasty of Pearce's (1855 to 1930)", ''[[FIBIS Journal]]'', Spring 2011, Number 25 page 13-16.
*"The Walsh Family and the Cawnpore Massacre" by Paddy Walsh ''FIBIS Journal Number 31 (Spring 2014)'' pages 3-15.
::William Walsh was working for the East Indian Railway as a Railway Inspector at the time of the massacre, having joined c 1856-57 after retiring as a pensioned Sergeant, [[Bengal Artillery]].
:For access, see [[FIBIS Journals]]

== Recommended reading ==

*Blair Williams, [http://home.alphalink.com.au/~agilbert/onjama~1.html "EIR at Jamalpur - Anglo-Indian Railway Officers"], ''The International Journal of Anglo-Indian Studies'' (Vol 6, No 2, 2001).

*"The Carriage and Wagon Workshops of the East Indian Railway", ''The Indian Railway Gazette'', 1st February 1908, page 33-35.

*"Development of the East Indian Railway", ''Railway Age Gazette'', 1st August 1913, Vol.55, No 5, page 191-195.

*"East Indian Railway", ''The Railway Gazette'', 1st November 1929, page 21-32 & 113-114.

==Associated Auxiliary Force==
*[[East Indian Railway Regiment]]

== External links ==

*[http://irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/zonal_logos/DSCN5174.jpg.html East Indian Railway logo]
*[http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?txtkeys1=East+India+Railway Science & Society Picture Library]
*[http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/history_er.html "History of Eastern Railway"], ''Indian Railways Fans Club''.
*[http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/eir_gallery.html EIR Picture Gallery], ''Indian Railways Fans Club''.
*[http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2003/09/29/stories/2003092900160600.htm How Railways made tracks in India] September 29, 2003 thehindubusinessline.in
*[http://www.trains-worldexpresses.com/400/410.htm Imperial Indian Mail] (and other trains) trains-worldexpresses.com
*[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"]; pages 122-126, paragraphs 3.32-3.50

===Historical books online===
*George Huddleston, [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyeastindi00huddgoog#page/n9/mode/1up ''History of the East Indian Railway''] (Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co, 1906). Archive.org. [A second part, published in 1939, took the history to 1924.]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/bengalassambehar00playuoft#page/358/mode/2up/ "The East Indian Railway"], page 358 from ''Bengal and Assam, Behar and Orissa: their history, people, commerce and industrial resources'' by Somerset Playne and J W Bond 1917 Archive.org

== References ==
<references />

{{#widget:Google PlusOne
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[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Great Indian Peninsula Railway

2021-03-06T08:42:39Z

PEA-2292: ‘Stations Infobox’ and ‘Stations’ heading revised

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image= GIPR Bombay-Poona Mail.jpg
|caption= ''The Bombay-Poona Mail in full flight about 1910''
|route= [[Bombay]] to [[Raichur]] (SE Division} [[Bombay]] to [[Jubbulpore]] (NE Division)) [[Bhusawal]] to [[Delhi]] [[Bhusawal]] to [[Nagpur]]
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 1562 miles (1905)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1845
|timeline1details= Company formed
|timeline2date= 1853
|timeline2details= First section of line open to traffic
|timeline3date= 1871
|timeline3details= Through trains to [[Calcutta]] ''via'' [[Jubbulpore]]
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details= [[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]] absorbed
|timeline5date= 1900
|timeline5details= Line acquired by State
|presidency= [[Bombay]]
|stations= [[Kalyan]], [[Poona]], [[Hotgi]], [[Wadi]], [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Chanda]], [[Khandwa]], [[Itarsi]], [[Narsinghpur]]
|system1date=
|system1details= Worked by Great Indian Peninsula Railway
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|auxillary forces=
}}

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image= Great Indian Peninsula Railway.jpg
|caption= ''Great Indian Peninsula Railway device''
|timeline1date= 1900
|timeline1details= Company re-formed to work State line
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date= 1925
|timeline4details= Government takes over working of system
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details=
|company1=
|company1details= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]
|company2=
|company2details= [[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]
|company3=
|company3details= [[Bhopal-Itarsi Railway]]
|company4=
|company4details= [[Bhopal-Ujjain Railway]]
|company5=
|company5details= [[Bina-Goona-Baran Railway]]
|company6=
|company6details= [[Gwalior Light Railway]]
|company7= 1900
|company7details= [[Indian Midland Railway]]
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9=
|company9details=
|company10=
|company10details=
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12=
|company12details=
|headquarters= [[Bombay]]
|workshop= ''see also'' [[GIPR Railway Workshops]] [[Parel]] (BG), [[Bhusawal]], [[Harda]], [[Igatpuri]], [[Lonauli]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Bhusawal]]
|stations= ''' [[Agra]] ''', [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Amraoti]], [[Banda]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bhusawal]], ''' [[Bombay]]''' , '''[[Cawnpore]]''', [[Chanda]], ''' [[Delhi]] ''', [[Dholpur]], [[Gwalior]], [[Hotgi]], [[Itarsi]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Khandwa]], [[Muttra]], [[Nagpur]], [[Narsinghpur]], [[Poona]], [[Raichur]], [[Saugor]], [[Wadi]]
''See also heading '''Stations''' for major stations marked'' '''bold'''
|system1date= 1951
|system1details= [[Central Railway]] (IR zone)
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 2988 miles (1905) 3363 miles (1943)
|gauge2= 2' 0" NG
|gauge2details= 183 miles (1905) 202 miles (1943)
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment]]
}}

[[Image:India-rail-1870.jpg|right|thumb|Map of GIPR in 1870]]
[[File: Great Indian Peninsula Railway Map 1909 north section.png|thumb|Great Indian Peninsula Railway Map 1909 – north section]]
[[File: Great Indian Peninsula Railway Map 1909 south section.png|thumb|Great Indian Peninsula Railway Map 1909 – south section]]
{{Railwaymap
|railway= the North East Division
|link= http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=108089533651928306068.0004776aacede4ad4baa7
}}

Like most of the early railways in India, the '''Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' (GIPR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under licence and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the [[East India Company]] (EIC). The GIPR was India's and Asia's first railway.

The principal economic benefit of the GIPR was the opening up of the interior to Port and City of [[Bombay]]. The narrow coastal plain of India's west side is separated from the Deccan plateau by a mountain range, the Western Ghats which rises to 3,900 feet(1200m) and which has always restricted internal communication with the Arabian Sea.

The challenge was to create two lines through the Western Ghats, one to the north-east and one to the south-east, these were fully open by 1865 in time for cotton from the Deccan to be exported from Bombay to Manchester thus filling the trade gap created by the American Civil War. The lines were exteded to link Bombay to Calcutta and Madras by 1870.

== History ==
*1845. Registered as a company in 1845, with its head office in London, the ‘Great Indian Peninsula initially proposed a length of 1300 miles, to connect Bombay with the interior of the Indian peninsula and to a major port on the east coast. It was meant for the purpose of increasing the export of cotton, silk, opium, sugar and spices. The Announcement of company formation gave the listing of the ‘Committee of Management ‘ <ref name=RegGIPR>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway:_1845_Company_Registration Grace's Guide " GIPR 1945 Company Registration] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>. One of these being [[Robert Stephenson]], London based Consulting Engineer, he remained in this capacity until 1859
*1847. [[Robert Stephenson |Stephenson ]] reported preliminary findings to the directors, although he cannot have been in a position to provide more than general advice and a reviews of the material gathered by the surveys This concluded that the best method to climb 1800 feet over the Ghat mountains in just 15 miles was to use locomotives assisted by ropes worked by a stationary engine <ref name=biog>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=BzErDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books “Robert Stephenson – The Eminent Engineer” edited by Michael R. Bailey; page 155-57] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>.
* 1847-48. The subsequent recession removed the financial incentive for railways in India but the GIPR scheme continued but only through the involvement of the ’East India Company’ which guaranteed a minimum of 5% dividend , however only a 35 mile route between Bombay and Kalyan was authorised <ref name=biog/>.
*1849. At the urging of the Governor, Lord Dalhousie, the East Indian Company(EIC) sanctioned the construction of a broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) railway eastward from [[Bombay]] and the ‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company ‘ was incorporated on August 1, 1849 by an act of the British Parliament. It had a share capital of 50,000 pounds. On August 17, 1849 it entered into a formal contract with the EIC for the construction and operation of an experimental line, 35 miles(56 km) long. The Court of Directors of the EIC appointed [[James John Berkley]] as Chief Resident Engineer and [[Charles Buchanan Ker]] and [[Robert W Graham]] as his assistants <ref name=GIPR>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Grace's Gide "Great Indian Peninsula Railway which quotes from 'Morning Post' - Saturday 18 August 1849""]; Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>.
* 1850. [[Robert Stephenson |Stephenson ]] provided the directors with cost estimates and recommended [[James John Berkley]] as Chief Engineer to supervise the building of the line. The Court of Directors of the [[East India Company]] appointed [[James John Berkeley]] as Chief Resident Engineer with [[Charles Buchanan Ker]] and [[Robert W Graham]] as his assistants <ref name=GIPR/>
*1850. A Tender was submitted for the first railway contract in Western India, from Bombay to Tanna, by [[William Frederick Faviell]] and Henry Fowler. The Tender was accepted by the ‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company’<ref name=Faviell>[https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/William_Frederick_Faviell 'Grace's Guide' - "William Frederick Faviell"] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>.
*1851-53. [[William Frederick Faviell|Faviell]] and Fowler actively prosecuted the work, Fowler’s health failed after a few months’ exposure to the climate of India, and compelled his return to England. The execution of the contract then devolved entirely upon Faviell, and was completed to the satisfaction of the Company, the line being opened for traffic on the 16th April, 1853. That was the first line of railway opened for public traffic in India, and in its construction the first locomotive engine used in Asia was introduced on the 23rd February, 1852, for ballasting the line near Bombay <ref name=Faviell/>.
*1859. [[George Berkley]] succeeded [[Robert Stephenson]] as GIPR Consultant Engineer based in London. Previously Assistant and had been liaising with his brother [[James John Berkley]], Chief Resident Engineer.
*1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - viz. from Bombay, ''via'' Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore - 870 miles; and from Callian, ''via'' Poonah and Sholapore, to the opposite side of the river Kristna, to meet the line, ''via'' Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000''l''l. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000''l''. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000''l''. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made." <ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref> <ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"; pages 128-130 paragraphs 3.57 - 3.64] Retrieved on 3 Jul 2016</ref>.

'''Bombay - [[Callian]]''' - 33.5 miles(54km)
*1850-51, the first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851
*1853 April 16. A train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: ''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''. The 21 mile(34km) journey took an hour and fifteen minutes, it was the first section of the GIPR to be opened and the first railway for passenger service in India.
*1853-54, the continuation of the line from [[Thane]] to [[Callian]] (later named [[Kalyan]]) was the first contact awarded to [[Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] <ref name=GGW&J>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Wythes_and_Jackson Grace's Guide "Wythes and Jackson"]; Retrieved 6 Jul 2016</ref>. This section of the line involved a railway bridge over the Thane creek and the two-line [[Tannah Viaduct]] over the estuary and two tunnels. This viaduct was the first substantial railway bridge to be constructed in India and connected Bombay Island to the mainland and opened and on 1 May 1854.

'''North-East Line''' - [[Bombay]] via [[Callian]] and [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]] to [[Jubbulpore]] - 615 miles(990km)

The GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]]'s proposal was to form a grand trunk communication by the north-eastern mainline between [[Bombay]] and [[Calcutta]],
*1857-61, [[Callian]] (later named [[Kalyan]]) to [[Kasara]] section constructed, a further 42 miles(68 km)<ref>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Graces Guide "Great Indian Peninsula Railway - 1865"]; Retrieved 3 Jul 2016</ref> rising to an altitude of 948 feet(289m) above sea level at [[Kasara]] at the approach to the [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]]. Opened in 1861.
*1857 Aug, [[Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] were awarded the contract for the '''[[Thal Ghat Railway Construction]]'''
*1857-65. The [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat Railway]] was a major project to take the GIPR mainline across the Western Ghats towards [[Jubbulpore]]. The [[Kasara]] to [[Igatpuri]] section was 9.5 miles(15km) and within that distance the line had to rise to 1,918 feet(585m). The construction required 13 tunnels, 6 viaducts, including the [[Ehagaon Viaduct]]; cuttings; embankments; 15 bridges and culverts and the Reversing Station <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books "Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway" incline delivered to the Bombay Mechancs Institution in December 1860 by the GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]], page 20.] Retrieved on 2 Jul 2016</ref>.
*c.1859-65, [[Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] were awarded a further contact to construct a further section of the GIPR north-eastern line from [[Igatpuri]] at the end of the Thal Ghat, this was opened in stages reaching [[Chalisgaon]] in 1861, [[Jalgaon]] in 1863 and [[Bhusawal]] in 1865, a total of 191.24 miles(307km)<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n73/mode/1up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 64-68, pdf pages 73-77]; Retrieved 6 Jun 2016</ref>.
*1861-65, [[Igatpuri]]-[[Jalgaon]]-[[Bhusawal]] progressivly opened.
*1863-67, [[GIPR Nagpur Branch]] from [[Bhusawal]] was built by [[Messrs. Lee, Watson and Ayton, Construction Contractors]].
*1865, with completion of [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]] and the [[Taptee (Bhusawal) Viaduct GIPR| Taptee Viaduct]] near [[Bhusawal]] the mainline from [[Bombay]] reached [[Khandwa]].
*1868 July, [[Robert Maitland Brereton]], GIPR Chief Engineer was given responsibility for completing the connection between [[Bhusawal]] and [[Jubbulpore]] which he completed many months ahead of schedule <ref name>[http://www.thestatesman.com/mobi/news/8th-day/the-opening-of-the-mumbai-to-kolkata-railway/141013.html#SL3vjC1hEy3Vmu3P.99 The Statesman, New Delhi "The opening of the Mumbai to Kolkata railway by Michael Sandford, May 9 2016]; Retrieved 3 Jul 2016</ref>.
*1868-70 the [[Khandwa]] to [[Itarsi]] section opened and with the [[Nerbudda (Itsari-Jubblepore) Bridge GIPR|Nerbudda Bridge ]] completed the line reached [[Jubbulpore]] in 1870
*1870 March 8. The [[Alfred Viaduct]] was inaugurated and named after the Duke of Edinburgh (Alfred Ernest Albert) who was visiting India and travelled by East Indian Railway from Calcutta. The Viceroy and the Governor of Bombay, Sir Fitzgerald Seymour had come from Bombay. With the opening of the GIPR North-Eastern Line the connection at [[Jubbulpore]] to the [[East Indian Railway]] (EIR) completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.

'''South-East Line''' - [[Callian]] via [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]] and [[Poona]] to meet the [[Madras Railway]] - 409 miles(658km)
*1856 May, the line was extended to the villages of [[Palasdhari]](Padusdhurree) and to [[Khopoli]](Campoolie) <ref name=wiki> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway#Bombay_to_Tannah Wikipedia “Great Indian Peninsula Railway”]; Retrieved 25 June 2016</ref> at the approach to the [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]]. The
*1856-63. The [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction]] was a major engineering challenge to take the GIPR mainline across the Western Ghats towards Madras. The construction with GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]] in charge involved an incline length of 15 miles(24km), 26 tunnels (totalling 2.25 miles(3.6km) in length), and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.
*1858, the line from [[Khandala]] to [[Poona]] section was opened to traffic <ref name=wiki/> , this section included the [[Dapoorie Viaduct]]
*1858-63, during this period, the 21 km gap to [[Khandala]] was covered by palanquin, pony or cart through the village of Campoolie <ref name=wiki/>.
*1863, [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]] completed the mainline was through to [[Poona]](now called Pune) and [[Sholapore]](Solapur).
*1870, the [[Kistna Viaduct, Raichur(GIPR)|Kisna Viaduct]] was opened and [[Raichur]] was reached in May 1871 <ref name=Admin>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n73/mode/2up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 64-68, pdf pages 73-77]; Retrieved 23 Jul 2016</ref> where it joined the [[Madras Railway]] to link to [[Madras]] <ref name=GIPR/>.

===GIPR Development from 1870===
With the completion of the GIPR mainlines the three Presidency Capitals of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta were linked. The length of the route opened was then 1483 miles(2388 km) <ref name=GIPR/>.
*[[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the GIPR “]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|
‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] Line opened 1870/71, 400 miles(644km), giving total Line length 1272 miles(2047km) and nil to be finished’. The Report also details of the [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway._Paragraphs_63.2C64.3B_Page_34.2C35|‘progress of the railway and the commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for Report details.''
*1900 June 30, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the [[Government of India]](GoI) and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.
The GIPR continued to expand its network with the addition of 'Branch Lines', certain railways being ‘Absorbed’ and 'Working Agreements' on other railways - [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked|'''See separate page - GIPR Lines Owned and Worked''']]
*1918 “Administration Report on Indian Railways” <ref name=Admin/> describes the ‘Great Indian Peninsula System’ with a total of 3441 miles(5489km). Comprising the ‘GIPR broad gauge’ ([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line length of 2668 miles(4293km) and other Railways [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked| as detailed on separate ‘GIPR Lines‘ page]]
*1925 Jan 1, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPR.
*1937 “History Of Indian Railways” gives the ‘Great Indian Peninsula System’ with a total of 3727 miles(5998km). Comprising the ‘GIPR broad gauge’([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line length of 3166 miles(5095km) and other Railways [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked| as detailed on separate ‘GIPR Lines’ page]]
*1951. The GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].

===GIPR Bridges and Constructions===
The physical difficulties which had to be overcome are
The great physical difficulties which occur in the course of the GIPR are the mountains which separate [[Bombay]] from the Deccan, the ascent of which involves works of extraordinary magnitude and interest.
 See separate page ''' [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Bridges and Constructions]] ''' for details.

===Stations===
Bombay's [[Bombay Victoria Terminus Construction Railway|Victoria Terminus]] was both the principal station and GIPR's HQ; designed by [[architect]] Frederick William Stevens. [[Bombay Victoria Terminus Construction Railway|Victoria Terminus Construction]] commenced in 1878, it opened on Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee and completed in 1888.
[[Image:Victoria Terminus. G I P Ry, Bombay.JPG‎|right|thumb|320px|''Victoria Terminus, GIPR, Bombay'']]
See separate pages for details of the Stations and Rail System into the following major Cities:-
* [[Agra_Railways_%26_Stations#Agra_Stations| ‘Agra Stations’]]
* [[Bombay_Victoria_Terminus_Construction_Railway| ‘Bombay Victoria Terminus’]]
* [[Cawnpore_Railways_and_Stations#Cawnpore_Stations| ‘Cawnpore Stations’]]
* [[Delhi_Railways_%26_Stations#Delhi_Stations| ‘Delhi Stations’]]

===Bombay Dock Railways===
The GIPR had a collection of sidings spurring off to the docks in the east Bombay. There were numerous spurs to:
*Victoria Dock 1891
*Princes Dock 1888
*Carnac Basin
*Malet Basin
*Frere Basin
*Clerk Basin

==Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked==
The GIPR operated an extensive network of railways of broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]). In 1905 the route mileage was 1562 miles(2514km) and by 1918 was 2553 miles(4109km) divided into three sections ‘North East Division’, ‘South East Division’ and ‘Midland Division’ and their associated branches.

The GIPR also managed, worked and maintained a number of lines on behalf of other parties.

''See seperate page'' '''[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked]]'''

==Later Development==
Indian Railways (IR), '''[[Central Railway]] Zone''' (CR) was formed on 5 November 1951 by grouping several government-owned railways, including the ‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway’

==Records==
An on-line search of the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) records relating to this railway
<ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 British Library “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 22 Jan 2016</ref> gives 136 references. The most important being:-
*'''L /AG/46/12 ''' “Records of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company; 1845-1926”
*'''L/AG/46/12A ''' “Records of the Great Indian Peninsula Extension Railway Company; 1863-1869”

==Personnel==
<big>'''[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Personnel]]'''</big> gives details of GIPR staff from several other sources:-
*Grace's Guide<ref>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Main_Page “Grace’s Guide”]; Retrieved 3 Jul 2016</ref>
*Wikipedia and many other sources.

'''IOR Records'''
The following [[India Office Records]] (IOR) are relevant :-
*'''L/AG/46/12/86''' : GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)
*'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)
*'''Z/L/AG/46''' : Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-1925)
*'''Mss Eur D1184/14''' : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov

'''FIBIS Resources'''
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=1068&s_id=323 List of Indian Railways UK Contracted Staff taken from IOR Series L/AG/46/12]. FIBIS database

== External links ==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Great Indian Peninsula Railway] Wikipedia

*[http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?txtkeys1=Great+Indian+Peninsula+Railway GIPR picture gallery] ''Science & Society Picture Library''.

*[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-in-india "Guaranteed Railways in India"] ''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100126031433/http://www.centralrailwayonline.com/aboutus.jsp History (of Central Railway)] ''Central Railway (Indian Railways)''. (now an archived site)
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus Victoria Terminus, (GIPR HQ & station <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bombay<nowiki>]</nowiki>)] Wikipedia (now known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131120075151/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/vim0PsB8bW75gL0GQFEkaK/Mumbai-Multiplex--The-line-starts-here.html "Mumbai Multiplex : The line starts here"] by Supriya Nair 4 January 2013. livemint.com "The ‘heritage wing’ of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus is a railway enthusiast’s dream"
*[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mumbai-over-100-documents-of-great-indian-peninsula-railway-to-be-digitised-2907994/ "Mumbai: Over 100 documents of Great Indian Peninsula Railway to be digitized"] by Neha Kulkarni, July 12, 2016 ''The Indian Express''.
==Historical photographs online==
*[https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-Y-03022-S/1 Hawkes collection of Indian Railway Photographs (Y3022S)] Royal Commonwealth Society Library/ University of Cambridge Digital Library. The description states "An album containing albumen prints of various sizes by R. Phillips of Darjeeling, Samuel Bourne and others. The name of F.A. Hawkes, who was an engineer... appears frequently in it".
:Once inside the digital file, click on Contents for image titles. includes photographs whose titles include GIPR 1868-1869.
===Historical books online===
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MnAgAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 ''The Cotton and Commerce of India: considered in relation to the interests of Great Britain; with remarks on Railway Communication in the Bombay Presidency‬''] by John Chapman, founder and late manager of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company 1851 Google Books. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MnAgAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR19 Contents-Railway Chapters] page xix.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway incline] by James John Berkley: GIPR Chief Engineer, Bombay, 1860.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofo00brer#page/8/mode/2up ''Reminicences of an old English Civil Engineer 1858 -1908''] by Robert Maitland Brereton 1908 Archive.org. Includes [http://archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofo00brer#page/48/mode/2up Appendix: India] page 49. Brereton's account of working on the GIPR 1857-1870. He became Chief Engineer.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway

2021-02-28T11:12:10Z

PEA-2292: ‘Stations’ heading revised and corrections to ‘Textboxes’

{{Line Railways Infobox
|image= Bbciofficebombay.jpg
|caption= ''Churchgate Terminus & Offices, BBCIR, Bombay''
|route= [[Bombay]] to [[Viramgam]]
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 504 miles (1905)
|gauge2=
|gauge2details=
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1855
|timeline1details= Formed as [[Guaranteed Railways|Guaranteed company]]
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date= 1905
|timeline5details= Line acquired by State
|presidency= [[Bombay]]
|stations= [[Ahmedabad]], [[Baroda]], [[Broach]], [[Surat]]
|system1date= 1906
|system1details= Worked by reformed BB&CIR
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|auxillary forces=
}}

{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image= Bombay Baroda Central India Railway logo.jpg
|caption= ''Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway device''
|timeline1date= 1906
|timeline1details= BBCIR contracted to work State line
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date= 1942
|timeline5details= Working of system taken over by State
|company1=
|company1details= [[Ahmedabad-Dholka Railway]]
|company2=
|company2details= [[Ahmedabad-Parantij Railway]]
|company3=
|company3details= [[Gaekwar's Dabhoi Railway]]
|company4=
|company4details= [[Gaekwar's Mehsana Railway]]
|company5=
|company5details= [[Godhra-Ratlam-Nagda Railway]]
|company6=
|company6details= [[Nagda-Ujjain Railway]]
|company7=
|company7details= [[Palanpur-Deesa Railway]]
|company8=
|company8details= [[Petlad-Cambay Railway]]
|company9=
|company9details= [[Rajpipla Railway]]
|company10=
|company10details= [[Rajputana-Malwa Railway]]
|company11=
|company11details= [[Tapti Valley Railway]]
|company12=
|company12details= [[Vijapur-Kalol-Kadi Railway]]
|headquarters= [[Bombay]] (BG), [[Ajmer]] (MG)
|workshop= [[Parel]] (BG) see also [[Parel Railway Workshops]] [[Ajmer]] (MG)
|stations= '''[[Agra]]''', [[Ajmer]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Baroda]],'''[[Bombay]]''', '''[[Cawnpore]]''', '''[[Delhi]]''', [[Indore]], [[Jaipur]], [[Rutlam]], [[Surat]]
''See also heading '''Stations''' for major stations marked'' '''bold'''
|system1date=
|system1details=
|system2date= 1951
|system2details= [[Western Railway]] (IR zone)
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 868 miles (1905) 1233 miles (1943)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 2022 miles (1905) 1985 miles (1943)
|gauge3= 2'6" NG
|gauge3details= 132 miles (1905) 152 miles (1943)
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Regiment]]
}}

[[File: Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Map 1909, north section.png|thumb| Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Map 1909 – north/east section]]
[[File: Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Map 1909, south section.png|thumb| Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Map 1909 – south/west section]]
[[File:BB&CI Railway System Map 1937.png|thumb| BB&CIR System 1937 Map]]

The '''Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Company''' (BB&CIR) was incorporated in 1855 for "the construction and working of a line from Bombay, ''via'' Surat and Baroda, to Ahmedabad - total about 320 miles. Capital 2,300,000''l''. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent on 2,000,000''l''. capital and 4½ per cent . on 300,000''l''. debentures." <ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref>

== History ==
In 1852 [[John Pitt Kennedy]] was introduced in London to Lieutenant-Colonel French, who had been Acting Resident at the Court of the Guicowar of Baroda. Colonel French wanted to get up a company to construct a line of railway from [[Baroda]] to Tankaria Bunda, in the gulf of Cambay, a distance of about 45 miles. Colonel Kennedy joined him, but instead of the original line proposed, they projected what became the '''Bombay, Baroda, and Central India railway''' <ref name=grace>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/John_Pitt_Kennedy_(1796-1879) Grace's Guide "John Pitt Kennedy"]Retrieved on 21 Apr 2016</ref>.

Their object was to open the most effectual line from Bombay, through the central and north-western districts, to meet the railway in progress of construction from [[Calcutta]] to [[Delhi]], together with all the branches that such a line could require. In 1853 the '''[[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]] Company'''(BB&CIR) was formed with Colonel [[John Pitt Kennedy]] appointed as consulting engineer and managing director. A staff of engineers was sent to Bombay, and during the cold season of 1853, comparative surveys, sufficient to lay a well-considered scheme before the Government, were made <ref name=grace/>.

On the 3rd of November, 1854, the Governor-General, Lord Dalhousie, sanctioned the construction of the sections [[Broach]], and [[Baroda]], to [[Ahmedabad]], leaving the remainder of the scheme for future decision, and the work to be commenced at [[Bombay]]. The Home Government, however, decided that the work should be commenced at [[Surat]] <ref name=grace/>. Although on flat country, this. line had to traverse some of the mightiest rivers and water channels in the country including the [[Nerbudda (Broach) Bridge BB&CIR| Nerbudda Bridge near Broach]] and the [[Taptee (Surat) Bridge BB&CIR|Taptee Bridge near Surat]]

Construction commenced in 1855 and began work on track from [[Baroda]] to [[Surat]]. By 1865, the [[Bombay]]-[[Surat]]-[[Baroda]]-[[Ahmedabad]] route was complete in 1867. The [[Bombay Back Bay Reclamation Scheme Railway|Bombay Back Bay]] suburban service commenced in 1870 with one train in each direction each day. In 1871 the [[Bombay-Ahmadabad BB&CIR Main Line|Bombay-Ahmadabad Main Line]] was extended north to [[Viramgam]] to 350 miles (563km).

The [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the BB&CIR“]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] Line sanctioned 391 miles(629km), total line opened 312 miles(502km) and 72 miles(116km) to be finished’. The Report also details of the [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Bombay.2C_Baroda_and_Central_India_Railway._Paragraphs_67.2C68.3B_Page_35|‘progress of the railway and the commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for details.''

On 31 December 1905, ownership of the BB&CIR passed to the Government of India [[Government of India |(GoI)]] and a new company formed to manage the BB&CIR under a contract agreed in 1907 and revised in 1913<ref>[https://ia801009.us.archive.org/8/items/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System.pdf " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 12-22]; Retrieved 17 Dec 2015</ref>
<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"; page 118-120, paragraph 3.18-3.25] Retrieved on 2 January 2016</ref>.

Management of the BB&CIR passed to the GoI on 1 January 1942.

In 1951, the BB&CIR was split to form three Zones of [[Indian Railways]]:-
*‘[[Western Railway]] Zone’ comprised most of the BB&CIR (less the Delhi-Rewari-Fazilka and Kanpur/Cawnpore-Achnera sections) , which were added to other railways [[Western Railway|- ''see separate page'']]
*‘[[Northern Railway]] Zone’ comprised the ‘Delhi-Rewari-Fazilka Section’ , which were added to other railways [[Northern Railway| - ''see separate page'']]
*‘[[North Eastern Railway]] Zone’ comprised the ‘Kanpur/Cawnpore-Achnera Section’ , which were added to other railways [[North Eastern Railway| - ''see separate page'']]

==BB&CIR Collieries and Coal Supplies==
''See separate pages''
* ‘[[Jarangdih Colliery]] was a 'Joint BB&CIR and [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway| 'Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway']] Colliery
* ‘[[Kurasia Colliery]] near Chirimiri was a 'BB&CIR Colliery’

==BB&CIR Bridges and Constructions==
See [[Bombay,_Baroda_%26_Central_India_Railway_Bridges_and_Constructions| '''BB&CIR Bridges and Constructions''']]

==BB&CIR Main line, Branches and Extensions==
The BB&CIR owned and operated an extensive network of railways of mixed gauge
* Broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) - 868 miles/1397km (1905); 997 miles/1604km (1918); 1233 miles/1984km (1943)
* Metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) - 2022 miles/3254km (1905); 1822 miles/2931km (1918); 1985/3195km miles (1943)
* Narrow gauge 2ft 6in([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) - 132 miles/212km (1905); 326 miles/523km (1918); 152 miles/245km (1943)

In 1918 the total length of line being worked as the BB&CIR system (both owned lines and managed/worked lines) was 3823 miles(6150km) opened plus a further 254 miles(407km) under construction or sanctioned for construction <ref name=Admin>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n21/mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” page 12, pdf page 21]; Retrieved 4 Nov 2016</ref> .

See separate page '''[[Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway Network - Lines owned and worked]]''' for details.

==Lines worked by BB&CIR==
The BB&CIR also managed, worked and maintained a number of mixed gauge lines on behalf of other parties.
* Broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) - 1918 Total 202 miles(325km) <ref name=Admin/>.
* Metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) - 1918 Total 456 miles(733km) <ref name=Admin/>.
* Narrow gauge 2ft 6in([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) - 1918 Total 326 miles(523km) <ref name=Admin/>.

See separate page '''[[Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway Network - Lines owned and worked]]''' for details.

==Stations==
See separate pages for details of the Stations and Rail System into the following major Cities:-
* [[Agra_Railways_%26_Stations#Agra_Stations| ‘Agra Stations’]]
* [[Bombay_Churchgate_HQ_and_Station_BB%26CIR| ‘ Bombay Churchgate Stations’]]
*[[Bombay_Central_Station_BB%26CIR| ‘Bombay Central Station’ from 1930]]
* [[Cawnpore_Railways_and_Stations#Cawnpore_Stations| ‘Cawnpore Stations’]]
* [[Delhi_Railways_%26_Stations#Delhi_Stations| ‘Delhi Stations’]]

==Records==
Refer to FIBIS Fact File #4: “Research sources for Indian Railways, 1845-1947” - available from the [http://www.fibis.org/store/fibis-books-and-publications/bff-0004-research-sources-for-indian-railways-1845-1947/ Fibis shop]. This Fact File contains invaluable advice on 'Researching ancestors in the UK records of Indian Railways' with particular reference to the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) held at the [[British Library]]

An on-line search of the IOR records relating to this railway
<ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search"]; Retrieved 21 Jan 2016</ref> gives a large number of references. The most important being:-
*'''L /AG/46/6''' “Records of the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Company; 1856-1947”

==Personnel Records==
Unfortunately, there are no BB&CIR staff records held in the [[India Office Records]] at the [[British Library]].

Only some records that have been found from different sources:-

See separate page '''[[Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway Personnel]]''' for details.

==Historical books online==
*[https://archive.org/details/throughrajputan00stubgoog ''Through Rajputana to Delhi : An Ilustrated Guide to the Districts Reached by the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway''] by Carlton Stubbs 1907 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57412 ''Bombay Baroda Central India Railway Company: Traffic Statistics''] 1920. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.
:[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57589 ''Bombay Baroda Central India Railway Company: Traffic Statistics''] 1921. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.

== References ==
<references />

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[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]

Delhi Railways & Stations

2021-02-28T10:49:22Z

PEA-2292:

=='''Delhi Railways'''==

[[Delhi]] had six railway systems linking together all the major railway systems of India

The 1908 Imperial Gazetteer <ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_235.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 11, p. 229. ]; Retrieved 19 Jan 2021</ref> gives the following:-
<blockquote>“The ‘[[East Indian Railway]]’(EIR), ‘[[North Western Railway]]’(NWR) and the ‘[[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]]’(O&RR) all enter from [[Ghaziabad| Ghaziabad Junction]], crossing the [[Yamuna Railway Bridge (Delhi)| Jumna River by the ‘Yamuna Railway Bridge’]]. The ‘[[Delhi-Umballa-Kalka Railway]]’ runs northwards from the city, and the ‘[[Rajputana-Malwa Railway]]’ traverses the District for a short distance in the direction of Gurgaon”.</blockquote>
* This reference to ‘[[North Western Railway]]’(NWR) includes the two sections ‘NWR Delhi-Peshawar Cantonment Mainline’ and the ‘[[Southern Punjab Railway]]’ ‘SPR Delhi-Samasata Mainline’ that was worked by the NWR ''- see details below''
* This reference to ‘[[Rajputana-Malwa Railway]]’(RMR) is not correct. The line was worked by the ‘[[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]’(BB&CIR) and taken over by BB&CIR in 1900 ''- see details below''
* The ‘[[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]’ is not mentioned, worked by ‘[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]’ (GIPR), and opened in 1904-5 ''- see details below'',

Details of each line are as follows:-
[[File:Delhi Railway 4.png|right|400px|Delhi Railways 1909]]

<big>''' [[Howrah-Delhi EIR Main Line]] '''</big>
 Marked Green on Map
 ‘[[East Indian Railway]]’(EIR), BG Main Line, terminus of the line from [[Delhi]] via [[Ghaziabad]] to [[Howrah]] (for [[Calcutta]]) ‘[[Howrah-Delhi EIR Main Line. The line fully openedthrough to [[Delhi]] in 1867 [[Howrah-Delhi EIR Main Line|''- see separate page for details'']]]]

<big>'''[[North_Western_Railway_-_Lines_operated_and_worked#NWR_Commercial_Section_BG| NWR Delhi-Peshawar Cantonment Mainline]] '''</big>
 Marked Orange on Map
 ‘[[North Western Railway]]’ (NWR), BG Main Line , terminus of the line from [[Delhi]] via [[Ghaziabad]] and [[Meerut]] to [[Peshawar]] . The ‘Delhi-Ghaziabad Section’ was on the EIR line under a ‘Running Agreement’ [[North_Western_Railway_-_Lines_operated_and_worked#NWR_Commercial_Section_BG|''- see separate page for details'']]
 This line was originally constructed by the [[Scinde Railway| ‘Scinde Railway Company’]], and opened in 1870 to [[Ghaziabad]] and became part of the ‘[[Scinde, Punjaub & Delhi Railway ]]’ ; in 1886 transferred to form the NWR

<big>'''[[Delhi-Samasata Railway | SPR Delhi-Samasata Mainline]] '''</big>
 Marked Blue on Map
 ‘[[Southern Punjab Railway]]’, BG, southern terminus of the ‘[[Delhi-Samasata Railway]]’, opened 1897, linking for the last 13 miles(21km) to the EIR at [[Ghaziabad]]. Worked by NWR until 1929 when absorbed into the NWR [[Delhi-Samasata Railway|''- see separate page for details'']]

<big>'''[[O%26RR_Lines_Owned_and_Worked|O&RR Moradabad-Ghaziabad Branch]]'''</big>
 Marked Brown on Map
 ‘[[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]] [O&RR), BG Branch Line from the ‘O&RR Main Line’ at [[Moradabad]] to [[Ghaziabad]] and then by an EIR ‘Running Agreement’ into [[Delhi ]]. The line opened in 1900 [[O%26RR_Lines_Owned_and_Worked|''- see separate page for details'']]

<big>'''[[Delhi-Umballa-Kalka Railway]]'''</big>
 Marked Green on Map
 The ‘[[Delhi-Umballa-Kalka Railway]]’, BG , formed 1889 as private company , worked and maintained by EIR from [[Delhi]] to [[Kalka]], line opened 1891 [[Delhi-Umballa-Kalka Railway|''- see separate page for details'']]

<big>'''[[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]'''</big>
 Marked Yellow on Map
 The ‘[[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]’, BG, worked by ‘[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]’ (GIPR). The line from [[Delhi]] to [[Agra|Raja-ki-Mandi(Agra)]] opened in 1904-5 [[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway|''- see separate page for details'']]

<big>'''[[Delhi-Ahmedabad BB&CIR Main Line]] '''</big>
 Marked Red on Map
 This was the only Metre Gauge ([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) line into [[Delhi]], first section, originally named the ‘[[Rajputana State Railway]]’ opened 1873 from [[Delhi ]] via [[Gurgaon]] reaching [[Ahmedabad]] in 1879, merged to form ‘[[Rajputana-Malwa State Railway]]’ in 1882, worked by the ‘[[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]’(BB&CIR) and taken over by BB&CIR in 1900. [[Bombay,_Baroda_%26_Central_India_Railway_Network_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#MG_Lines_-_owned_and_operated_by_BB.26CIR|''- see separate page for details'']]

<big>'''[[Shahdara-Saharanpur Light Railway]] '''</big>
 Marked ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ on Map
 This was a Narrow Gauge line from Shahdara in the north-eastern suburbs of [[Delhi]] [[Shahdara-Saharanpur Light Railway|''- see separate page for details'']]

=='''Delhi Stations'''==

<big>'''Original Delhi Station'''</big>
 The station near Chandni Chowk started with a Broad Gauge ‘[[East Indian Railway]]’ line from Calcutta in 1864. The Metre Gauge track from Delhi to Rewari and further to Ajmer was laid in 1873 by the ‘[[Rajputana State Railway]]’ and metre-gauge trains from this station started in 1876.<ref name=Junction>[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Junction_railway_station Wikipedia ‘Delhi Juction Station’]; Retrieved 20 Jan 2021</ref>.

<big >''' Delhi Junction Station'''</big>
 Also described as the ‘Old Delhi Staion’
 Planning of the station commenced in 1893 and was part of a well thought out plan for holding the [[Delhi_Durbar#1903| ‘Delhi Durbar’ in 1903. Keeping into account the special needs for holding of the Durbar, this grand structure was opened for public use in 1903. Built in Mogul style of architecture this exquisite station building complex is one of the most beautiful rail terminals in the world. Its imposing exterior and artistic decorations lend it the serenity of a mosque and the grandeur of a fort. With projecting minarets, semi circular arches and other decorations this structure built with red stones, merges very well with Red Fort, Jama Masjid, and other buildings of Chandni Chowk. The main attraction of this building are the six minarets located at every corner. On both floors arches and windows have been beautifully decorated with lattice work which adds grace to the entire structure. The six minarets referred to above were also used for storage of water in the initial stages <ref>[https://www.academia.edu/9274998/RAIL_ARCHITECTURE_IN_INDIA?email_work_card=view-paper Acamedia.edu “Rail Architecture in India - “A National Heritage” by Govind Ballabh (Retd Chief Operations Manager Northern Railway), 2003 - Chapter 5, page 2]; Retrieved 20 Jan 2021</ref>.
 The building of the station commenced in 1900 and opened for the public in 1903. Started with just 2 platforms and 1000 passengers, Delhi junction railway station now handles more than 180,000 passengers and around 190 trains starts, ends, or passes through the station daily. Delhi railway station was built in red stone to give the effect of nearby historic Red Fort<ref name=Junction/>
 In 1904 the ‘[[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]’ was opened. [[Delhi ]] then was a part of six railway systems. ''-as listed in ‘Railways’ above''
 This station served as the main station of Delhi, hosting junction of the railways listed above until the opening of the ‘New Delhi Station’ in 1926 ahead of the inauguration of the New Delhi city in 1931. The ‘[[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway |‘Agra–Delhi Railway’ ]] track cut through the site earmarked for the hexagonal War Memorial (now called India Gate) and Kingsway (now called Rajpath). The [[East Indian Railway | ‘East Indian Railway Company’]] shifted the line along the Yamuna river and opened the new track in 1924 <ref name=Junction/>.

<big>'''New Delhi Station'''</big>
 . The new realigned track included the ‘Minto Railway Bridge’ over the Minto Road (connecting Connaught Place to the New Delhi Railway Station - Ajmeri Gate side) and the ‘Tilak Rail Bridge’ were part of this realigned line. The [[East Indian Railway | ‘East Indian Railway Company’]] that overlooked railways in the region, sanctioned the construction of a single story building and a single platform between Ajmeri Gate and Paharganj in 1926. This was the start of what was later known as ‘New Delhi Railway Station’. The government's plans to have the new station built inside the Central Park of Connaught Place was rejected by the Railways as it found the idea impractical. In 1927–28, New Delhi Capital Works project involving construction of 4.79 miles (7.71 km) of new lines was completed. The Viceroy and royal retinue entered the city through the new railway station during the inauguration of New Delhi in 1931. New structures were added to the railway station later and the original building served as the parcel office for many years.
<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi_railway_station Wikipedia ‘New Delhi Railway Station’]; Retrieved 20 Jan 2021</ref>.

==Further Information==
See individual Railway pages for more information

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Railway Architecture]]

Agra Railways & Stations

2021-02-28T10:32:28Z

PEA-2292: Format changed

<big><big><big>Agra Railways & Stations</big></big></big>
 [[Agra]] was an important railhead and junction. There were three railway systems linking together, these being both Metre Gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) (MG) and Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]])
 The records show there were at least 11 Railway Stations in the Agra District.
 Two railway bridges crossed the Jumna River, (later named the Yamuna River):-
* ‘[[Yamuna Railway Bridge(Agra)| ‘Yamuna Railway Bridge(Agra) ''- see separate page'']]
* ‘[[Strachey Road/Railway Bridge| ‘Strachey Road/Railway Bridge ''- see separate page'']]

=='''Agra Railways '''==
[[File:Agra_1938.jpg|400px|right|Agra Railways 1938 Map]]

<big>''' [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]([[BB&CIR]]) '''</big>
 Marked Green on Map
* ‘[[Agra-Bandikui Branch Line]]’, from [[Bandikui]], the Metre Gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) line reached ‘Agra Fort Station’ in 1873-4, crossing the Jumna/Yamuna River by the ‘[[Yamuna Railway Bridge(Agra)]]’ and extended in 1876 to the MG Terminus at ‘Agra East Bank Station’
<blockquote>Operated as a [[Bombay,_Baroda_%26_Central_India_Railway_Network_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#MG_Lines_-_owned_and_operated_by_BB.26CIR| ‘BB&CIR MG Branch Line’ ''- see separate page'']] </blockquote>
*‘[[Agra-Bayana Branch Line]]’ from [[Bayana]], the Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line reached Agra in 1913 to the ‘Agra Cantonment Station’ and ‘Agra Fort Station’ via the ‘[[Yamuna Railway Bridge(Agra)]]’ to ‘Agra Junction Station’ (became ‘Jumna/Yamuna Bridge Station’) with connection to the [[EIR ]] system
<blockquote>Operated as a branch part of the [[Bombay,_Baroda_%26_Central_India_Railway_Network_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#BG_Lines_-_owned_and_operated_by_BB.26CIR|’BB&CIR Godhra-Ratlam-Nagda Railway Section’ ''- see separate page'']] </blockquote>

<big>''' [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway ]]([[GIPR]]) '''</big>
 Marked Brown on Map
* ‘[[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]’was a Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line built to provide extra track capacity between [[Agra]] and [[Delhi]] and opened in 1904-05. The BG line entered the District from the west at ‘Bilochpara Station’, to ‘Alumganj Station’ where the line divided:-
**through ‘Drummond Road Station’, where the line became mixed BG and MG, into ‘Balanganj Station’ and branched to ‘Agra City Station’
**through ‘Raja-Ki-Mandi Station’, where the line became mixed BG and MG, into ‘Agra Cantonment Station
<blockquote>The line was worked as part of the ‘[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]’ [[Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#Lines_worked_by_GIPR_at_some_time_-_alphabetical_order| 'GIPR Lines Worked ‘ ''- see separate page'']] </blockquote>
* [[Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#GIPR_Midland_Mainline| ‘GIPR Midland Mainline’]] was a [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line from [[Bhopal]] via [[Jhansi]] to ‘Agra Cantonment Station’, opened 1878-81, originally constructed by the ‘[[Indian Midland Railway]]’. From ‘Agra Cantonment Station’ there was a branch to join the BB&CIR ‘[[Agra-Bayana Branch Line]]’ and also a branch through ‘Idgah Station’ to the BB&CIR line into ‘Agra Fort Station’ via the ‘[[Jamuna Railway Bridge(Agra)]]’ to ‘Agra Junction Station’ (became ‘Jumna/Yamuna Bridge Station’) with connection to the [[EIR]] system .The BG line was extended from ‘Agra Cantonment Station’ to connect to the[[BB&CIR]] in 1905 and the ‘[[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]’ in 1906.
<blockquote> The line became the [[Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#GIPR_Midland_Mainline| ‘GIPR Midland Mainline’ ''- see separate page'']]</blockquote>
*[[Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#GIPR_North_East_Branches| ‘GIPR Agra-Bah Section, NE line’]], was a ([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line from ‘Agra Cantonment Station’ to Bah, 43 miles(69km) to the east of [[Agra]], opened 1918
<blockquote> The line became the [[Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#GIPR_North_East_Branches| ‘GIPR Agra-Bah’ ''- see separate page'']]</blockquote>

<big>''' [[East Indian Railway]]([[EIR]]) '''</big>
 Marked Red on Map
* [[East_Indian_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#Branches_of_the_.E2.80.98EIR_Main_Line.E2.80.99| ‘EIR Agra Branch Line’ ]] was a Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line from [[Tundla]] to ‘Jumna Bridge Station’, 1862 extended in 1907 via the ‘[[Strachey Road/Railway Bridge]]’ to ‘Agra City Station’, thus connecting the EIR to join with the [[GIPR]] system
<blockquote>The line became the [[East_Indian_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#Branches_of_the_.E2.80.98EIR_Main_Line.E2.80.99| ‘EIR Agra Branch Line’ ''- see separate page'']] </blockquote>

 
=='''Agra Stations'''==
 [[Agra]] has had a number of stations, some only taking the Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) lines, some the Metre Gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) and some taking both Gauges.
 The names of which changed over time and many are no longer operational.
 Known stations in alphabetic order are:
* ‘Agra Cantonment Station’(GIPR, BB&CIR) - BG - a main GIPR station, also serving the BB&CIR branch - located near the Sadar Bazaar towards the southwest of the city.
* ‘Agra City Station’’ (GIPR , EIR) - was a GIPR BG main station, also serving EIR - in the northern part of the city
* ‘Agra East Bank Station’ (BB&CIR, EIR) - a BB&CIR MG Terminal Station, also for EIR and GIPR BG through traffic- on the opposite side of the river to the Fort
* ‘Agra Fort Station’ (BB&CIR , EIR, GIPR) - MG and BG through traffic - next to the Fort
* ‘Agra Jail Station’ (GIPR) - BG became ‘Bilochpura Station’ in the north west of the city, by the District Jail
* ‘Agra Junction Station’(EIR, GIPR) - BG - became ‘Jumna/Yamuna Bridge Station’, on the right/east bank of the Jumna river
* ‘Agra Road Station’(GIPR) - BG - to the south west of the cantonment, near the Sadar Bazaar - exact location not found thought to replaced by ‘Agra Canttonment Station’
* ‘Alumganj Station’ (GIPR) - BG - a junction station between the two GIPR branches
* ‘Belanganj Station’(GIPR) - MG and BG - two terminal stations - BB&CIR MG line and GIPR BG line
* ‘Bilochpara Station’ (GIPR) - BG - earlier name ‘Agra Jail Station’
* ‘Drummond Road Station’- MG and BG - in the north-western part of the city - a junction station with both BG and MG
* ‘Idgah Station’ (GIPR , BB&CIR) - BG and MG - in Idgah colony in the southwest of [[Agra]]
* ‘Jumna Bridge Station’ (EIR , GIPR) - BG - previously named ‘Agra Junction Station’ - an EIR Station and a junction with the BB&CIR BG line
* ‘Raja-ki-Mandi Station’(GIPR) - MG and BG - in the north-western part of the city - a junction station with both BG and MG

<big>''' Agra Fort Railway Station'''</big>
The most important Railway Stations in Agra were as follows:-
[[Image:Agrastation.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Agra Fort Station]]
This station, which opened in 1874, is located near Agra Fort, in Rawatpara, Agra. There was a spacious, octagonal Tripolia Chowk which existed between the Jama Masjid and the Delhi gate of the Agra Fort. This Tropolia was destroyed in order to create the ‘Agra Fort Railway Station’, which was also the first Railway Station of [[Agra]] and also one of the oldest in the country. It used to be one of the stations in India that had both broad gauge and metre gauge, until the line to Jaipur was converted to broad gauge. <ref>[https://www.touristlink.com/india/agra-fort-railway-station/overview.html Tourist Link ‘Agra Fort Railway Station]; Retrieved 28 Jan 2021</ref>.
 The following lines operated into this station ''- see ‘Railways’ above''
* [[Agra-Bandikui Branch Line| ‘BB&CIR Agra-Bandikui Branch Line’]], from [[Bandikui]], the [[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]] line reached ‘Agra Fort Station’ in 1873-4,
*‘[[Agra-Bayana Branch Line]]’ from [[Bayana]], the [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line reached Agra in 1913 to the ‘Agra Cantonment Station’ and ‘Agra Fort Station’
* [[Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#GIPR_Midland_Mainline| ‘GIPR Midland Mainline’]] was a [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line from [[Bhopal]] via [[Jhansi]] to ‘Agra Cantonment Station’, opened 1878-81, originally constructed by the ‘[[Indian Midland Railway]]’. From ‘Agra Cantonment Station’ there was a branch to join the BB&CIR ‘[[Agra-Bayana Branch Line]]’ and also a branch through ‘Idgah Station’ to the BB&CIR line into ‘Agra Fort Station’

<big>''' Agra Cantonment Railway Station'''</big>
 This is the main railway station in [[Agra]] and is located near the Sadar Bazaar towards the southwest of the city<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra_Cantonment_railway_station Wikipedia ‘Agra Cantonment Station’]; Retrieved 28 Jan 2021</ref>. The station first opened in 1878-81 and reconstructed in 1904
 The following lines operated into this station ''- see ‘Railways’ above''
* [[Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#GIPR_Midland_Mainline| ‘GIPR Midland Mainline’]] was a [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line from [[Bhopal]] via [[Jhansi]] to ‘Agra Cantonment Station’, opened 1878-81, originally constructed by the ‘[[Indian Midland Railway]]’.
* [[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway| ‘GIPR Agra-Delhi Chord Railway’]] was a Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line built to provide extra track capacity between [[Agra]] and [[Delhi]] and opened in 1904-05 into ‘Agra Cantonment Station’
*[[Agra-Bayana Branch Line| ‘BB&CIR Agra-Bayana Branch Line’]] from [[Bayana]], the [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line reached Agra in 1913 branching to the ‘Agra Cantonment Station’

<big>''' Agra City Railway Station'''</big>
 This is a railway and bus station in the heart of the old city in Agra, India. It is near Belangunj, which is the trading hub of Agra. The station is a relic of the past and at present very few trains stop here. The station belonged to ‘[[Great Indian Peninsular Railway]]’ in British era and was built in 1903 by Mistris of Kutch
<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra_City_railway_station Wikipedia ‘ Agra City Station]; Retrieved 28 Jan 2021</ref>.
 The following lines operated into this station ''- see ‘Railways’ above''
* [[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway| ‘GIPR Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]]’was a [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line built to provide extra track capacity between [[Agra]] and [[Delhi]] and opened in 1904-05. The BG line entered the District from the west at ‘Bilochpara Station’, to ‘Alumganj Station’ where the line divided, one branch through ‘Drummond Road Station’, where the line became mixed BG and MG, into ‘Balanganj Station’ and branched to ‘Agra City Station’
* [[East_Indian_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#Branches_of_the_.E2.80.98EIR_Main_Line.E2.80.99| ‘EIR Agra Branch Line’ ]] was a [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]] line from [[Tundla]] to ‘Jumna Bridge Station’, 1862 extended in 1907 via the ‘[[Strachey Road/Railway Bridge ]]’ to ‘Agra City Station’,

==Further Information==
See separate pages

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Railway Architecture]]

Bangaon

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PEA-2292: Created page with "Alternative Name Bongong {{Locations}} The station at this town was on the Eastern Bengal Railway (EBR) See Imperial Gazetteer Volume 6 Page 380 ==Railway Connecti..."

Alternative Name Bongong

{{Locations}}

The station at this town was on the [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] (EBR)

See Imperial Gazetteer Volume 6 Page 380

==Railway Connections==
‘EBR Central Section’ - the EBR operated the [[Bengal Central Railway]] from the outset with two BG lines
[[Ranaghat]] to [[Bangaon]], opened in Oct 1882; and [[Dum Dum]] which reached [[Khulna]] (Khoolna) in 1884, via [[Bangaon]] (Bongong) and [[Jessore]].
 See [[Eastern_Bengal_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#EBR_Broad_Gauge_System|''- separate page'']]

[[Category:Locations]]

Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked

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PEA-2292: /* EBR Broad Gauge System */

'''Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked'''

<blockquote>- a sub-section of the '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway]]'''(EBR) page</blockquote>
<blockquote>- see also separate page '''[[Eastern Bengal Railway - Lines owned and worked|East Bengal Railway Bridges - Lines owned and worked]]'''</blockquote>

[[File:East Bengal Railway System 1937 Map.png|thumb| EBR Railway System 1937 Map]]
==EBR Railway Network==
The [[Eastern Bengal Railway]](EIR) owned and operated an extensive network of railways of broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]), metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) and 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]])

The EBR also managed, worked and maintained a number of lines on behalf of other parties.

The development of the EBR can be considered as three systems:-

[[File:East Bengal Railway - Broad Gauge Division 1909.png|thumb|East Bengal Railway - Broad Gauge Division 1909]]
==EBR Broad Gauge System==
The following is generally based on pages 42-43 of the ‘1918 Administration Report on Railways’
<ref name=Admin191842>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n51mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” pages 42-43 (pdf 51-52) ]; Retrieved 1 Sep 2020</ref>

The broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) from the [[Calcutta]] terminus station at [[Sealdah]] via [[Dum Dum]] and [[Ranaghat]] to [[Poradaha]] opened in 1862 and extended in 1864 to [[Kushtia]]. The company had also acquired a steam vessel service operating between [[Kushtia]] and [[Dacca]] on the Ganges River (known in this region as the Padma River) <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"; pages 127-8, paragraphs 3.51 - 3.55] Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>. In 1871 the line was extended from [[Poradaha]] to a new ferry terminal at [[Goalundo]] , about 45 miles east of [[Kushtia]] and reducing the river trip to [[Dacca]]. These railways became the start of the ‘EBR Eastern Division’.

In 1868 the [[Government of India]] took ownership of the BG [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]] and awarded the EBR the contract for working the line from [[Calcutta]] to [[Port Canning]]. This became, this became start of the the ‘EBR Southern Section’.

‘EBR Eastern Section’ - by 1874 the BG branch from [[Poradaha]] to [[Damukdia]] on the right bank of Padma River, opposite [[Sara Ghat]] had opened. Passengers crossed the river Padma by railway operated steamer ferry using the [[Sara Train Ferry]]. In 1874 this linked to the metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) [[Northern Bengal State Railway]] (NBSR) running northwards reaching [[Siliguri]]. By 1879 the journey north from [[Calcutta]] to [[Shiliguri]] became possible without a break. At [[Siliguri]] , in the foothills of the Himilayas, there was a connection with the [[Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway]] (which opened 1879-81)
<ref name=name>[http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Railway “National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh – Railways”]; Retrieved 27 Dec 2017</ref>

‘EBR Central Section’ - the EBR operated the [[Bengal Central Railway]] from the outset with two BG lines
[[Ranaghat]] to [[Bangaon]], opened in Oct 1882; and [[Dum Dum]] which reached [[Khulna]] (Khoolna) in 1884, via [[Bangaon]] (Bongong) and [[Jessore]].

‘EBR Southern Section’- in 1883 was extended to reach [[Diamond Harbour]].

‘EBR Eastern Section’ - in 1890 was extended further eastward to [[Faridpur]] and from 1905 northwards to reach [[Murshidabad]] and on to Lalgola Ghat in 1907. Two proposals for further extensions are given in the ‘Imperial Gazetteer’ :- the 1909 map shows a dotted line to extend the line northwards from [[Lagola]] to connect to the EBR metre gauge(MG) network at [[ Katiawar]]
<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gaz_atlas_1909/fullscreen.html?object=30 ‘Gazetteer of India’ v. 26, Atlas 1909 edition, Railway Map--Sectional (2), p. 24. ]; Retrieved 27 Dec 2017</ref>
and the ‘Imperial Gazetteer’ states <ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_056.gif ‘Imperial Gazetteer of India’, v. 18, p. 50. ]; Retrieved 27 Dec 2017</ref> “There is also a proposal to bridge the Bhagirathi River between Jiaganj and Murshidabad, and to connect the new line with the [[East Indian Railway]] system”.
 Neither of these proposals were adopted.

Further minor branches had been constructed thereafter, giving by 1918 <ref name=Admin191842/> a total BG network of 569 miles(915km) :-
* ‘EBR Eastern Section’ 371 miles(597km)
* ‘EBR Southern Section’ 70 miles(113km)
* ‘EBR Central Section’ 128 miles(206km)

By 1937 the BG line length increased to 846 miles(1361km)
<ref name=Hist193770>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 70 pdf 95]; Retrieved 1 Sept 2020</ref>:-
* ‘EBR Eastern Section’ 629 miles(1012km). The original ‘BG Main Line’ from Calcutta ran as far as Santahar where it interchanged to the ’Santahar-Silguri Extension’, a 145 mile(233km) metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) that had opened in 1877-78. This was converted to BG in stages from 1914 to 1926 to thus extending the ‘BG Main Line’
* ‘EBR Southern Section’ 92 miles(148km), with the added 23 miles(37km) ‘Lalshmikantapur Branch’, opened 1928
* ‘EBR Central Section’ 126 miles(203km) with only minor corrections from the 1918 Reportr

===Lines worked by EBR and included in the ‘EBR BG System===
In addition the BG [[Sara-Sirajgonj Railway]] 53 mile(85km) branch from the EBR mainline had been constructed and then worked by EBR as a part of the ‘EBR Eastern Section’

[[File:East Bengal Railway - Metre Gauge System 1909.png|thumb|East Bengal Railway - Metre Gauge Division 1909]]

==EBR Metre Gauge System==
The following is generally based on pages 47-48 of the ‘1918 Administration Report on Railways’
<ref name=Admin191847>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n55mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” pages 47-48 (pdf 55-56) ]; Retrieved 1 Sep 2020</ref>

The EBR metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) system originated by absorption of other railways

''See separate pages for more information and references''

[[Northern Bengal State Railway]] (NBSR) in 1877-78 opened the MG [[Santahar]] via [[Parvatipur]](Parbatipur on map) to [[Jalpaguri]] line extending it northwards to [[Siliguri]] in 1878 and southwards to the [[Sara Train Ferry|Train Ferry]] at [[Sara Ghat]] in 1879. This completed the northern link. The NBSR had also by this date completed the line eastward from [[Parvatipur]] via [[Rangpur]](Rungpore on map) to [[Kaunia]](Kauniya on map). At [[Kaunia]] the line linked to the narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) [[Kaunia-Dharlia State Tram/Railway]]. In 1887, to ensure better management the NBSR was transferred to the EBR, this became the start of the ‘EBR Metre Gauge’.

[[Dacca State Railway]](DSR) also in 1887, was transferred to the EBR although this MG line was not connected to the EBR system. Later, in 1899, the EBR constructed the MG [[Mymensingh-Jamalpur-Jagannath Railway]], owned by the [[Indian General Navigation and Railway Company]]. The two lines were linked and worked jointly by EBR.

[[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]] in 1899-1900 opened two MG lines which were worked by EBR. [[Santahar]] to [[Bonarpara]], 51 miles(81km) and the [[Phulchari Branch Railway]] from [[Bonarpara]] to [[Phulchari]], 8 miles(14km). In 1904 the EBR acquired these lines became the first part of the EBR ‘Santahar-Kaunia Loop Section’ when the system was extended to [[Kaunia]] in 1905

[[Gauhati Branch Railway]] in 1906 the EBR opened from [[Golakganj]] eastward and reached [[Armingoan]] by 1909; where it linked to EBR’s [[Amingaon-Pandu Train Ferry]]; crossing the Brahmaputra River to the [[Pandu Ghat-Gauhati Railway]] connecting to [[Assam-Bengal Railway]](ABR) at [[Gauhati]]. This completed the ‘EBR Mainline MG’ of 328 miles(528km).

By 1918, with further construction of branches, the EBR network had a MG line length of 978 miles(1574km)
<ref name=Admin191847/>

By 1937 the MG line length had increased to 1039 miles(1672km) with the addition of several MG branch lines and the reduction of 145(miles(223km) converted from MG to extend the ‘Eastern Section - ‘BG Main Line’ mentioned above.
<ref name=Hist193776>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 76 pdf 103]; Retrieved 1 Sept 2020</ref>-

[[File:East Bengal Railway - Narrow Gauge System 1909.png|thumb|East Bengal Railway - Narrow Gauge System 1909]]
==EBR Narrow Gauge System ==
The following is generally based on pages 49-52 of the ‘1918 Administration Report on Railways’
<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n58mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” pages 49-52 (pdf58-60) ]; Retrieved 27 Dec 2017</ref>.

The EBR 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] system originated by absorption of other railways

''See separate pages for more information and references''

[[Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]] had opened in 1882 as a 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) line running east wards from [[Kaunia]], where it connected to the NBSR metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]). Taken over by EBR in 1887 and in 1901 the section from [[Kaunia]] to [[Teesta]] was converted to MG becoming part of the [[Eastern Bengal Railway#EBR Metre Gauge Division|'EBR Metre Gauge']]

[[Cooch Behar State Railway]], 2ft 6in/762mm [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]], from its junction with the EBR at [[Gitaldaha]] reached [[Cooch Behar]] in 1898, owned by the [[Princely states|Princely ]][[Cooch Behar State]] and worked by the EBR. The line was extended northward to the border with British Territory in 1900 and to [[Jainti]] in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in 1901. In 1910 the entire line from [[Gitaldaha]] to [[Jainti]] line was converted to MG becoming the 'Jainti Branch' of the [[Eastern Bengal Railway#EBR Metre Gauge Division|'EBR Metre Gauge']]

[[Khulna-Bagerhat Railway]], 2ft 6in/762mm [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]], 20 miles(32km) opened in 1918. Owned by a private company but worked by EBR. The line ran from [[Khulna]] [[Khulna]] was the end of the ‘EBR Central Section’ broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) mainline to [[Bagirhaut]],

== Alphabetical Listing of EBR lines and lines worked by EBR==
''See separate pages for more information and references''
*[[Bengal Central Railway]], BG line, opened 1882-84 and worked by EBR. Private company without guarantee; merged into EBR , 1905 becoming the start of the ‘EBR Central System’.
*[[Bengal Dooars Railway]](BDR), MG line, opened 1893. Independent Company operation small MG network linking to the ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ [[Lalmanir Hat- Gitaldaha Railway|’Lalmanir Hat- Gitaldaha’ MG section]], merged into EBR , 1941
*[[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]], MG line, opened 1899 by a branch company but worked by EBR. Amalgamated into the EBR, 1904 together with [[Phulchari Branch Railway]], to form the [[Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway|‘Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway’]].
*[[Budge-Budge Branch Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Southern Section’, opened 1890.
*[[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]], BG line, opened 1862. Surrendered to [[Government of India |GoI]] , 1868 and worked by EBR; merged into EBR, 1884 becoming the start of the ‘EBR Southern Section’.
*[[Canning Branch Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Southern Section’, opened 1862-63.
*[[Chitpur Branch Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1873.
*[[Churni Extension Railway]], BG short extension of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1902
*[[Cooch Behar State Railway]], NG line, opened 1894-98. [[Princely states|Princely State]] railway, joined to the [[Jainti Branch Railway]], (British Section ), worked by EB, and finally bought by EBR c.1899 and converted to MG, 1910.
*[[Dacca State Railway]], MG line, formerly [[Narayanganj-Dacca-Mymensingh State Railway]], opened 1885 ; merged into EBR , 1887; becoming the EBR ‘Dacca Section Railway’.
*[[Dacca Section Railway]], MG section of the of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, transferred to EBR 1887 from [[Dacca State Railway|”Dacca State Railway’]].
*[[Dalsingpara Branch Railway]], BG branch line of the [[Jainti Branch Railway|Jainti Branch]] of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, under construction in 1911, opened 1912 extended 1914.
*[[Dhubri Branch Railway]], MG branch line of ‘EBR Assam Section Metre Gauge’, opened 1902
*[[Diamond Harbour Line Railway]], BG link line opened 1862 by the [[Calcutta and South Eastern Railway]]; and worked by EBR; merged into EBR, 1884 becoming the start of the ‘EBR Southern Section’.
*[[Faridpur Branch Railway]], BG branch of the [[Poradah Branch Railway]] of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1898-99.
*[[Gauhati Branch Railway]], MG branch line of ‘EBR Assam Section Metre Gauge’, incorporating part of [[Kaunia-Dharlia State Tram/Railway]] , opened 1906, extended up to 1909.
*[[Goalundo Branch Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1862; extended up to 1882.
*[[Godagari Ghat Branch Railway]], MG branch line from the [[Katihar Section Railway|Kahihar Section]] of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1909.
*[[Jainti Branch Railway]], (British Section ), MG branch line of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, converted to MG 1910. Originally NG, opened 1900-1 as a feeder through ‘British Territory’ to join with the ‘[[Cooch Behar State Railway]]’
*[[Jagannathganj Ghat Branch Railway]], MG branch line of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ of the [[Dacca Section Railway]], formerly the [[Dacca State Railway]], opened c.1887?
*[[Jogbani Branch Railway]], MG branch line from the [[Katihar Section Railway|Kahihar Section]] of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1887, extended 1909.
*[[Kankurgachi Chord Railway]], BG short connecting line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1907.
*[[Katihar Section Railway]], MG section of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1883 and extended 1889.
*[[Kaunia-Bonarpara Extension Railway]], MG section of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ as an extension to [[Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway]], opened 1905.
*[[ Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]], NG line, opened 1882 , taken over by EBR 1887, divided into two sections - the [[Kaunia-Teesta Section Railway|’Kaunia-Teesta Section’]] and the [[Teesta-Kurigram Railway|’Teesta-Kurigram Railway’]].
*[[ Kaunia-Teesta Section Railway]], originally a NG line and part of the [[ Kaunia-Kurigram Railway|’ Kaunia-Kurigram Railway’]], opened 1882, taken over by EBR 1887, the [[ Kaunia-Teesta Section Railway|’ Kaunia-Teesta Section’]] converted to MG, 1901, to become part of the the 'EBR Metre Gauge' mainline. *[[ Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]].
*[[Kaunia-Dharlia State Tram/Railway]], NG line, opened 1882 , alternative name see [[ Kaunia-Kurigram Railway|’Kaunia-Kurigram Railway’]].
*[[Khulna-Bagerhat Railway]], NG line, opened 1918-19. Narrow gauge(NG) railway owned by private company. ; Constructed and worked by EBR, later converted to MG becming part of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ system.
*[[Khulna Branch Railway]], BG line, opened 1883-4 as a branch of [[Bengal Central Railway]]; until merger in 1905 when becoming a branch line of the ‘EBR Eastern Section’.
*[[Kishanganj Branch Railway]], MG branch line of the [[Katihar Section Railway|Kahihar Section]] of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1892.
*[[Kosi Branch Railway]], MG branch line of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1887, extended to 1909
*[[Krishnager-Nabadwip Light Railway ]], NG line part of the [[Santipur-Nabadwip Light Railway ]]
*[[Kurigram Branch Railway]], NG line, alternative name see ‘[[Teesta-Kurigram Branch Railway]]’
*[[Kushtia Loop Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1864; extended 1881
*[[Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway]],BG branch line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’opened 1905 as the [[Murshidabad Branch Railway]], extended 1907 to [[Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway|’Lalgola Ghat’]]
*[[Lalmanir Hat- Gitaldaha Railway]], MG section of the ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ mainline , opened 1901-02 providing link between [[Bengal Dooars Railway]] and [[Cooch Behar State Railway]].
*[[Manihari Branch Railway]], MG section of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1887 as a branch to [[Katihar]], later becoming the western end of the MG mainline.
*[[Murshidabad Branch Railway]], BG branch line of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1905, extended to [[Lalgola Ghat Branch Railway|’Lalgola Ghat’]].
*[[Mymensingh-Jamalpur-Jagannath Railway]], MG privately owned by [[Indian General Navigation and Railway Company]], worked by EBR. Acquired by the State and passed in EBR in the 1920’s.
*[[Northern Bengal State Railway]], MG, opened 1877-79. Merged into EBR , 1887; becoming the start of the ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ – ‘ North Bengal Section’
*[[Patipukur Loop Railway]], BG chord line for goods only, of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1904.
*[[Poradaha Branch Railway]], MG, opened c.1880. Constructed by [[Northern Bengal State Railway]], but worked by EBR; apparently taken over by EBR c.1913
*[[ Phulchari Branch Railway]] MG line, opened 1899 by a branch company but worked by EBR. Amalgamated into the EBR, 1904 together with [[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]], to form the [[Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway|‘Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway’]].
*[[Raiti Branch Railway]], BG branch of the [[Poradah Branch Railway]] of ‘EBR Eastern Section’, opened 1916.
*[[Ranagat-Bangaon Railway]], BG opened 1882 as part of [[Bengal Central Railway]]; became section of EBR , 1905
*[[Ranaghat-Krishnagar Light Railway]] Company, NG lines opened 1898-99 as two parts [[Santipur-Krishnager Light Railway]] and [[Krishnager-Nabadwip Light Railway]] built and initially worked by [[Martin's Light Railways]]. Company taken over by EBR, 1904becoming part of ‘EBR Narrow Gauge Section’
*[[Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway]], MG chord line, formed by amalgamation in 1904 of the [[Brahmaputra-Sultanpur Railway]] and the [[ Phulchari Branch Railway]] as part of the ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, extended 1905.
*[[Santahar-Siliguri Railway]], MG branch line of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1877-78.
*[[Santipur-Krishnager Light Railway]], NG, part of the ‘[[Ranaghat-Krishnagar Light Railway]]’
*[[Santipur-Nabadwip Light Railway]] NG, opened 1898. Constructed by [[Martin's Light Railways]] Company; taken over by EBR , 1904
*[[Sara-Sirajgonj Railway]], BG privately owned line, opened 1915-16. Worked by EBR and finally purchased by EBR
*[[Singhjani Branch Railway]], MG branch line of [[Santahar-Kaunia Loop Railway]] of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’, opened 1900, extended to 1914.
*[[Tangla Branch Railway]], MG branch of Assam Section of ‘EBR Metre Gauge’ opened 1912.
*[[Teesta-Kurigram Railway]], NG line, also known as the [[Kurigram Branch Railway]], opened 1882 as part of the the [[Kaunia-Kurigram Railway]], taken over by EBR 1887 and remained NG until after 1916.

==EBR Train Ferry Links==
*[[Pandu Ghat-Gauhati Railway]] opened c.1908 Link constructed by EBR to link the [[Amingaon-Pandu Train Ferry]]. Rail transhipment by ferry crossing the Brahmaputra River linking EBR system to [[Assam Bengal Railway]](ABR)'s network. Worked by ABR; transferred to ABR, 1922
*[[Sara Train Ferry]] opened c.1899. Ferry link from EBR main line across Ganges to Sara taking Goods wagons. Operated until 1915 on opening of Hardinge Bridge

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Railways]]

Goalundo

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PEA-2292: Created page with "{{Locations}} The station at this town was on the Eastern Bengal State Railway (EBR) See Imperial Gazetteer Volume 12 Page 279 ==Railway Connections== The broad gau..."

{{Locations}}

The station at this town was on the [[Eastern Bengal State Railway]] (EBR)

See Imperial Gazetteer Volume 12 Page 279

==Railway Connections==
The broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) from the [[Calcutta]] terminus station at [[Sealdah]] via [[Dum Dum]] and [[Ranaghat]] to [[Poradaha]] opened in 1862 and extended in 1864 to [[Kushtia]]. The EBR company had also acquired a steam vessel service operating between [[Kushtia]] and [[Dacca]] on the Ganges River (known in this region as the Padma River) <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"; pages 127-8, paragraphs 3.51 - 3.55] Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>. In 1871 the line was extended from [[Poradaha]] to a new ferry terminal at [[Goalundo]] , about 45 miles east of [[Kushtia]] and reducing the river trip to [[Dacca]]. These railways became the start of the ‘EBR Eastern Division’.

See page '''[[Eastern_Bengal_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked|EBR Lines Owned and Worked]]'''

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Locations]]

Kushtia

2021-02-24T10:45:10Z

PEA-2292:

{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency=[[Bengal]]
|image=
|coordinates= [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kushtia,+7000,+Bangladesh/@23.950207,88.7514711,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x39febca82f6a21ed:0x4040980d7c6874f8!8m2!3d23.9031823!4d89.0561532?hl=en 23.950207°N 88.7514711°E]
|altitude= 4 m (13.12 ft)
|presentname= [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushtia_District Khustia]
|stateprovince=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khulna_Division Khulna Division]
|country=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh Bangladesh]
|transport= [[Eastern Bengal State Railway]]
}}

'''Khustia''' was the headquarters of the subdivision of the same name in Nadia District] during the British period.

==Railway Connections==
The broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) from the [[Calcutta]] terminus station at [[Sealdah]] via [[Dum Dum]] and [[Ranaghat]] to [[Poradaha]] opened in 1862 and extended in 1864 to [[Kushtia]]. The EBR company had also acquired a steam vessel service operating between [[Kushtia]] and [[Dacca]] on the Ganges River (known in this region as the Padma River) <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"; pages 127-8, paragraphs 3.51 - 3.55] Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>. In 1871 the line was extended from [[Poradaha]] to a new ferry terminal at [[Goalundo]] , about 45 miles east of [[Kushtai]] and reducing the river trip to [[Dacca]]. These railways became the start of the ‘EBR Eastern Division’.

See page '''[[Eastern_Bengal_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked|EBR Lines Owned and Worked]]'''

== References ==
<references />
====Historical books on-line====
*[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_063.gif Khustia Town] Imperial Gazetteer

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[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]

Poradaha

2021-02-24T10:44:17Z

PEA-2292: Created page with "The station at this town was on the Eastern Bengal State Railway(EBR) This town is not listed in the Imperial Gazetteer The broad gauge(BG)..."

The station at this town was on the [[Eastern Bengal State Railway]](EBR)

This town is not listed in the Imperial Gazetteer

The broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) from the [[Calcutta]] terminus station at [[Sealdah]] via [[Dum Dum]] and [[Ranaghat]] to [[Poradaha]] opened in 1862 and extended in 1864 to [[Kushtia]]. The EBR company had also acquired a steam vessel service operating between [[Kushtia]] and [[Dacca]] on the Ganges River (known in this region as the Padma River) <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"; pages 127-8, paragraphs 3.51 - 3.55] Retrieved on 2 Jun 2016</ref>. In 1871 the line was extended from [[Poradaha]] to a new ferry terminal at [[Goalundo]] , about 45 miles east of [[Kushtai]] and reducing the river trip to [[Dacca]]. These railways became the start of the ‘EBR Eastern Division’.

See page '''[[Eastern_Bengal_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked|EBR Lines Owned and Worked]]'''

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Locations]]

Kushtia

2021-02-24T10:32:59Z

PEA-2292: Imp Gaz reference corrected