1st China War: Difference between revisions

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{{Battlemap|war=1st China War 1839-42|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.00046e589c8983b5267ea&ll=28.825425,112.456055&spn=14.658427,15.205078&t=p&z=6}}
{{Battlemap|war=1st China War 1839-42|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.00046e589c8983b5267ea&ll=28.825425,112.456055&spn=14.658427,15.205078&t=p&z=6}}
Also known as the '''1st Opium War''' and the '''1st Anglo-Chinese War'''.
Also known as the '''1st Opium War''' and the '''1st Anglo-Chinese War'''.
 
==Also see==
*[[Opium trade]]
== Summary ==
== Summary ==
The lucrative trade between China and Britain in the 19th century comprised mainly [[tea]] and [[opium trade|opium]]. Opium addiction became such a problem that the Qing Dynasty tried to prevent the import. They closed the waterway up to [[Canton]] and seized over 1 million kilograms of opium  requiring merchants to enter into a bond not to deal in the drug. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FzPZcyAGzT0C&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=Captain+Charles+Elliot,+R.N.,+Chief+Superintendent+of+British+Trade+in+China&source=bl&ots=7FspVCNamQ&sig=8DyezNem9h7hDcZkIiTjhCwyQcs&hl=en&ei=7NzeSr3RK4me4QahlLUS&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Captain%20Charles%20Elliot%2C%20R.N.%2C%20Chief%20Superintendent%20of%20British%20Trade%20in%20China&f=false Captain Charles Elliot RN], Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China, tried to negotiate with the Chinese but was continually rebuffed. There were naval confrontations on the Pearl River and Britain sent an expeditionary force from [[Singapore]]. The Bogue Forts at the mouth of the river and subsequently [[Canton]] were captured. The Chinese were also defeated at the mouth of the Yangtse River  and [[Shanghai]] was occupied. The war ended in August 1842 with the Treaty of Nanking which opened five treaty ports to trade: Shanghai, Canton (Guangzhou), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo) & Amoy (Xiamen). China also ceded [[Hong Kong]] and granted an indemnity to Britain.  
The lucrative trade between China and Britain in the 19th century comprised mainly [[tea]] and [[opium trade|opium]]. Opium addiction became such a problem that the Qing Dynasty tried to prevent the import. They closed the waterway up to [[Canton]] and seized over 1 million kilograms of opium  requiring merchants to enter into a bond not to deal in the drug. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FzPZcyAGzT0C&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=Captain+Charles+Elliot,+R.N.,+Chief+Superintendent+of+British+Trade+in+China&source=bl&ots=7FspVCNamQ&sig=8DyezNem9h7hDcZkIiTjhCwyQcs&hl=en&ei=7NzeSr3RK4me4QahlLUS&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Captain%20Charles%20Elliot%2C%20R.N.%2C%20Chief%20Superintendent%20of%20British%20Trade%20in%20China&f=false Captain Charles Elliot RN], Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China, tried to negotiate with the Chinese but was continually rebuffed. There were naval confrontations on the Pearl River and Britain sent an expeditionary force from [[Singapore]]. The Bogue Forts at the mouth of the river and subsequently [[Canton]] were captured. The Chinese were also defeated at the mouth of the Yangtse River  and [[Shanghai]] was occupied. The war ended in August 1842 with the Treaty of Nanking which opened five treaty ports to trade: Shanghai, Canton (Guangzhou), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo) & Amoy (Xiamen). China also ceded [[Hong Kong]] and granted an indemnity to Britain.  
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==FIBIS resources==
==FIBIS resources==
*[http://www.search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=141&s_id=67 China Campaign, 1842 (Madras Artillery & Staff only)] - Medal roll transcription listing 495 recipients of the medal
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=141&s_id=67 China Campaign, 1842 (Madras Artillery & Staff only)] - Medal roll transcription listing 495 recipients of the medal


== Biographies ==
== Biographies ==
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[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/340/mode/2up Henry Pottinger (1789-1856)]<br>
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/340/mode/2up Henry Pottinger (1789-1856)]<br>


== External Links ==
== External links ==
[http://www.heritage-history.com/www/heritage.php?Dir=wars&FileName=wars_opium.php Opium Wars] Heritage History<br>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars Opium Wars] Wikipedia<br>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars Opium Wars] Wikipedia<br>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Opium_War 1st Opium War 1839-42] Wikipedia<br>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Opium_War 1st Opium War 1839-42] Wikipedia<br>
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*"Journal During the Chinese Expedition in 1841 and 1842" by an Officer of the Royal Artillery. [Most likely the Officer was then part of the Madras Artillery]. ''Colburn’s United Service Magazine'' 1877 and 1878. ''1877 Part III'' [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=jNoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA511 p 511-516] Google Books; ''1878  Part I'': [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081656500?urlappend=%3Bseq=115 p 105], [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081656500?urlappend=%3Bseq=232 p 224-36], [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081656500?urlappend=%3Bseq=492 p 506-11] HathiTrust Digital Library; ''Part II'': [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LtoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA99 p 99-105], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LtoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA352 p 352-58], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LtoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA502 p 502-8] Google Books;  ''Part III'': [https://archive.org/stream/unitedservicema05unkngoog#page/n112/mode/2up page 102]  Archive.org.  
*"Journal During the Chinese Expedition in 1841 and 1842" by an Officer of the Royal Artillery. [Most likely the Officer was then part of the Madras Artillery]. ''Colburn’s United Service Magazine'' 1877 and 1878. ''1877 Part III'' [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=jNoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA511 p 511-516] Google Books; ''1878  Part I'': [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081656500?urlappend=%3Bseq=115 p 105], [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081656500?urlappend=%3Bseq=232 p 224-36], [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081656500?urlappend=%3Bseq=492 p 506-11] HathiTrust Digital Library; ''Part II'': [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LtoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA99 p 99-105], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LtoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA352 p 352-58], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LtoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA502 p 502-8] Google Books;  ''Part III'': [https://archive.org/stream/unitedservicema05unkngoog#page/n112/mode/2up page 102]  Archive.org.  
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/chineseaccountof00parkrich#page/n11/mode/2up ''Chinese Account of the Opium War''] by E.H. Parker 1888 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/chineseaccountof00parkrich#page/n11/mode/2up ''Chinese Account of the Opium War''] by E.H. Parker 1888 Archive.org
*''The International Relations of the Chinese Empire'' by Hosea Ballou Morse. ''I The Period of Conflict, 1834-1860.  (II. The Period of Submission, 1861-1893. III. The period of Subjection, 1894-1911''). Published 1910 to 1918.
:[https://archive.org/details/internationalrel00mors/page/n5/mode/2up Volume I] (probably 2nd edition), [https://archive.org/details/internationalrel01mors/page/n3/mode/2up  Vol. I 2nd file, but missing title page] (appears to have been author/publishing decision); ([https://archive.org/details/internationalrel02mors Volume II];[https://archive.org/details/internationalrel03mors/page/n5/mode/2up Volume III]) All Archive.org.
*‪[https://archive.org/details/opiumwarthroughc00wale ''The Opium War through Chinese Eyes''] by Arthur Waley 1958 Archive.org Lending Library.  A transcription is available at [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017092410/http://www.drugtext.org/Table/The-Opium-War-Through-Chinese-Eyes  drugtext.org, now an archived webpage]. Chapters present in reverse order, read items from the bottom of the page.
*‪[https://archive.org/details/opiumwarthroughc00wale ''The Opium War through Chinese Eyes''] by Arthur Waley 1958 Archive.org Lending Library.  A transcription is available at [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017092410/http://www.drugtext.org/Table/The-Opium-War-Through-Chinese-Eyes  drugtext.org, now an archived webpage]. Chapters present in reverse order, read items from the bottom of the page.
 
*[https://archive.org/details/creejournalsvoya0000cree ''The Cree journals : the voyages of Edward H. Cree, Surgeon R.N., as related in his private journals, 1837-1856''] edited and with an introduction by Michael Levien 1981 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Includes ten years in the Far East including the First Opium War period  and pursuit of a Chinese pirate fleet in 1849.
 
*[https://archive.org/details/opiumwar184018420000fayp/page/n3/mode/2up ''The Opium War, 1840-1842 : Barbarians in the Celestial Empire in the early part of the nineteenth century and the war by which they forced her gates ajar''] by Peter Ward Fay. 1997 reprint originally published 1975. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
 
*[https://archive.org/details/opiumwarsaddicti00hane/mode/2up ''Opium Wars : the addiction of one empire and the corruption of another''] by W Travis Hanes III and Frank Sanello  2002.  Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
 
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|China War, 1st]]
[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|China War, 1st]]
[[Category:1st China War 1839-42| 1st China War]]
[[Category:1st China War 1839-42| 1st China War]]
[[Category:Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps|China War, 1st]]
[[Category:Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps|China War, 1st]]
[[Category:China]]
[[Category:China]]

Latest revision as of 03:20, 11 July 2022

1st China War
1839-42
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Location: China
Combatants:
East India Company China
Result: British victory
Medals: 1st China War Medal
Links:
Category: 1st China War
See our interactive map of
1st China War 1839-42
locations and routes on Google Maps

Also known as the 1st Opium War and the 1st Anglo-Chinese War.

Also see

Summary

The lucrative trade between China and Britain in the 19th century comprised mainly tea and opium. Opium addiction became such a problem that the Qing Dynasty tried to prevent the import. They closed the waterway up to Canton and seized over 1 million kilograms of opium requiring merchants to enter into a bond not to deal in the drug. Captain Charles Elliot RN, Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China, tried to negotiate with the Chinese but was continually rebuffed. There were naval confrontations on the Pearl River and Britain sent an expeditionary force from Singapore. The Bogue Forts at the mouth of the river and subsequently Canton were captured. The Chinese were also defeated at the mouth of the Yangtse River and Shanghai was occupied. The war ended in August 1842 with the Treaty of Nanking which opened five treaty ports to trade: Shanghai, Canton (Guangzhou), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo) & Amoy (Xiamen). China also ceded Hong Kong and granted an indemnity to Britain.

Expeditionary Force

Naval Squadron

  • Royal Navy Warships
HMS Wellesley
HMS Alligator
HMS Conway
HMS Larne
HMS Algerine
HMS Rattlesnake
  • HEIC Steamers
Atalanta
Madagascar
  • 26 transports and store ships

Ground forces

Reinforcements 1840

Reinforcements 1841

Reinforcements 1842

FIBIS resources

Biographies

Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography 1906:
Hugh Gough (1779-1869)
Henry Pottinger (1789-1856)

External links

Opium Wars Wikipedia
1st Opium War 1839-42 Wikipedia
W.L.Clowes on the Ist Anglo-Chinese War www.pdavis.nl
Chronology Google Books
Royal Navy and HEIC vessels engaged in operations www.pdavis.nl

Historical books online

Volume I (probably 2nd edition), Vol. I 2nd file, but missing title page (appears to have been author/publishing decision); (Volume II;Volume III) All Archive.org.