Means of Transport: Difference between revisions

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===By palanquin or dandy===
===By palanquin or dandy===
*Photographs  showing a Palkee, Palki, Palanquin, with Bearers: [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00glossarydata/terms/palanquin/palanquin.html Palanquin images] from Prof. Emerita Fran Pritchett’s  ''Indian Routes''. [http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ggbain.00366/ Palanquin, India] Library of Congress. Similar image [https://learninglab.si.edu/resources/view/90161 Four Bengal men carrying man in palki or palanquin, undated]. Click through to 2/2 images. Photograph is captioned Palkee and …?(=Bearers), Calcutta. Undated, before 1903. Smithsonian Learning Lab. [http://www.oldindianphotos.in/2011/03/four-men-carrying-palkee-palanquin.html Four men carrying a Palkee (Palanquin) c 1870s] Old Indian Photos.
*Photographs  showing a Palkee, Palki, Palanquin, with Bearers: [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00glossarydata/terms/palanquin/palanquin.html Palanquin images] from Prof. Emerita Fran Pritchett’s  ''Indian Routes''. [http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ggbain.00366/ Palanquin, India] Library of Congress. Similar image [https://learninglab.si.edu/resources/view/90161 Four Bengal men carrying man in palki or palanquin, undated]. Click through to 2/2 images. Photograph is captioned Palkee and …?(=Bearers), Calcutta. Undated, before 1903. Smithsonian Learning Lab. [http://www.oldindianphotos.in/2011/03/four-men-carrying-palkee-palanquin.html Four men carrying a Palkee (Palanquin) c 1870s] Old Indian Photos.
**[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=IYBXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA173 A description of various types of palanquins] from the bottom of page 173  ''The General East-India Guide and Vade-mecum ... in British India and the Adjacent Parts of Asia (etc.)'' by J B Gilchrist 1825 Google Books. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=IYBXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA178 Page 178] describes a bangy used for carrying goods. "If not overladen, the bangy will generally keep pace with the palanquin".
**[https://archive.org/details/east-india-guide-1825/page/173/mode/2up A description of various types of palanquins] from the bottom of page 173  ''The General East India Guide and Vade Mecum ... in British India and the Adjacent Parts of Asia (etc.)'' by J B Gilchrist 1825 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/east-india-guide-1825/page/177/mode/2up Page 178] describes a bangy used for carrying goods. "If not overladen, the bangy will generally keep pace with the palanquin".
**Post-Masters were  tasked with assisting travellers going from one place to another by 'laying the dawk' for them upon request and on due payment.<ref>
**Post-Masters were  tasked with assisting travellers going from one place to another by 'laying the dawk' for them upon request and on due payment.<ref>
Kolhatkar, Arvind [https://web.archive.org/web/20181214151340/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india-british-raj@rootsweb.com/thread/206388/ Laying the Dawk - Part 2] ''Rootsweb India-British-Raj Mailing List'' 13 May 2015, archived.</ref> This referred to appointing relays of bearers to be ready on certain nights, at certain stations by which the traveller passed passed. "Five men carry the palkee, four more attend as reserves to take their turn, two carry tin petarrahs, or boxes slung on a pole, and two carry torches".<ref> [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=9LIRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22laying%20the%20dawk%22&pg=PA16 "A Tiger Tale"] page 16  ''Warne’s Home Annual 1868'' Google Books.</ref> [https://archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n351/mode/2up Dawk/dak], meaning Post,  page 299 ''Hobson Jobson''.  The word survives in dak bungalow, a traveller's rest house. Routes, estimates of times, costs etc are included in [https://books.google.ca/books?id=GZMRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR6 ''‪Itinerary and Directory for Western India: being a collection of routes through the provinces subject to the Presidency of Bombay, and the principal roads in the neighbouring states''] by Captain John Clunes 12th Regiment Bombay Native Infantry 1826‬.  Google Books
Kolhatkar, Arvind [https://web.archive.org/web/20181214151340/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india-british-raj@rootsweb.com/thread/206388/ Laying the Dawk - Part 2] ''Rootsweb India-British-Raj Mailing List'' 13 May 2015, archived.</ref> This referred to appointing relays of bearers to be ready on certain nights, at certain stations by which the traveller passed passed. "Five men carry the palkee, four more attend as reserves to take their turn, two carry tin petarrahs, or boxes slung on a pole, and two carry torches".<ref> [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=9LIRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22laying%20the%20dawk%22&pg=PA16 "A Tiger Tale"] page 16  ''Warne’s Home Annual 1868'' Google Books.</ref> [https://archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n351/mode/2up Dawk/dak], meaning Post,  page 299 ''Hobson Jobson''.  The word survives in dak bungalow, a traveller's rest house. Routes, estimates of times, costs etc are included in [https://books.google.ca/books?id=GZMRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR6 ''‪Itinerary and Directory for Western India: being a collection of routes through the provinces subject to the Presidency of Bombay, and the principal roads in the neighbouring states''] by Captain John Clunes 12th Regiment Bombay Native Infantry 1826‬.  Google Books
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===By horse or bullock drawn vehicle===
===By horse or bullock drawn vehicle===
*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000000312u00024v00.html 1814 Sketches of the line of march with bullock carts, elephants, horsemen, etc.] by Captain Robert Smith, probably Bengal Engineers c 1814. British Library online Gallery. Click on “zoomable image” to enlarge.
*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000000312u00024v00.html 1814 Sketches of the line of march with bullock carts, elephants, horsemen, etc.] by Captain Robert Smith, probably Bengal Engineers c 1814. British Library online Gallery. Click on “zoomable image” to enlarge.
*[https://archive.org/details/east-india-guide-1825/page/179/mode/2up A description of bullock carts] pages 179-183  ''The General East India Guide and Vade Mecum ... in British India and the Adjacent Parts of Asia (etc.)'' by J B Gilchrist 1825 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/howworldtravels00meth#page/32/mode/2up "Journeys Through India"] page 32  ''How the World Travels'' by A. A. Methley  1922 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/howworldtravels00meth#page/32/mode/2up "Journeys Through India"] page 32  ''How the World Travels'' by A. A. Methley  1922 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n389/mode/2up Ecka/ekka] page 336 ''Hobson Jobson''. A small one horse  carriage. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekka_(carriage) Ekka (carriage)] Wikipedia. [http://www.archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n459/mode/2up  Hackery]  page 407 ''Hobson Jobson''. Bullock cart used for goods and materials, or in some parts of India equivalent to an ekka.[http://www.archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n983/mode/2up Tonga/tongha]  page 930 ''Hobson Jobson''. A carriage drawn by a pair of ponies or oxen.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n389/mode/2up Ecka/ekka] page 336 ''Hobson Jobson''. A small one horse  carriage. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekka_(carriage) Ekka (carriage)] Wikipedia. [http://www.archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n459/mode/2up  Hackery]  page 407 ''Hobson Jobson''. Bullock cart used for goods and materials, or in some parts of India equivalent to an ekka.[http://www.archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n983/mode/2up Tonga/tongha]  page 930 ''Hobson Jobson''. A carriage drawn by a pair of ponies or oxen.

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Travel on land

By palanquin or dandy

By horse or bullock drawn vehicle

By motor transport

  • "Roads And Motor Transport In India" by Brigadier-General Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, Adviser on Mechanical Transport Services in India, 1915-19. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts Vol. 68, No. 3529 (July 9, 1920), pp. 541-552 jstor.org. Available to read for free on JSTOR, but first you must register, see Miscellaneous tips

Dak bungalows

  • "Dak Banglas & Their Dark Tales" by Aditi Shah December 12th 2018. Live History India, now an archived webpage. "The word ‘dak’ is Urdu for 'post' and dak banglas were initially built by the British Indian Public Works Department to help postal officers relay the mail in stages."

Inflated animal skins

Travel by air

References

  1. Kolhatkar, Arvind Laying the Dawk - Part 2 Rootsweb India-British-Raj Mailing List 13 May 2015, archived.
  2. "A Tiger Tale" page 16 Warne’s Home Annual 1868 Google Books.
  3. Felice Beato: A Photographer on the Eastern Road , photograph 114, exhibition at the J Paul Getty Museum
  4. Shiraz, Richard kundan from harsi Apna Himachal Yahoo group July 14, 2005, now archived.