Loss of Calcutta 1756: Difference between revisions

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|date= 20 June 1756
|date= 20 June 1756
|location=[[Calcutta]]
|location=[[Calcutta]]
|presidency=[[Bengal]]  
|presidency=[[Bengal Presidency]]  
|co-ordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=22.550293,88.339805&z=14&t=h&hl=en 22.550293°N 88.339805°E]   
|co-ordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=22.550293,88.339805&z=14&t=h&hl=en 22.550293°N 88.339805°E]   
|result= British defeat
|result= British defeat
|territory=
|territory=
|combatant1= British East India Company
|combatant1= British [[East India Company]]
|combatant2=Mughal Empire
|combatant2=[[Mughal Empire]]
|commander1=Governor Roger Drake<br>Captain Minchen<br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Zephaniah_Holwell John Holwell]
|commander1=Governor Roger Drake<br>Captain Minchen<br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Zephaniah_Holwell John Holwell]
|commander2= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siraj_Ud_Daulah Siraj-ud-Daula]
|commander2=   [[Suraj-ud-Daulah]]
|strength1=  
|strength1= 200 garrison
|strength2=  
|strength2=50,000
|casualties1=   
|casualties1=   
|casualties2=  
|casualties2=  
}}
}}
'''This was an event during the  [[3rd Carnatic War]]'''<br>
'''This was an event during the  [[3rd Carnatic War]]'''<br>
== Summary ==
After the [[Surrender of Kossimbazar]] Siraj ud Daulah advanced towards Calcutta which he reached on 16 June and drove in the British outposts. Attempts were made to evacuate women and children but panic overtook the defenders. Governor Drake, Captain Minchen and a large portion of the militia fled on board the vessels in the Hughli. With a garrison of only 200 the fort was overwhelmed. Though Siraj ud Daulah promised no harm would come to the 146 prisoners, they were packed into a small space where many of them suffocated overnight. John Holwell's account of the Black Hole of Calcutta has been challenged. The facts will probably never be established.


== Biographies ==
== Biographies ==
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[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/205/mode/1up  John Holwell (1711-98)]<br>
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/205/mode/1up  John Holwell (1711-98)]<br>
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/410/mode/1up Suraj-ud Daulah (1731-57)]
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/410/mode/1up Suraj-ud Daulah (1731-57)]
==FIBIS resources==
[[Image:Calcutta._The_Site_of_the_Black_Hole.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''The Site of the Black Hole'']]
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=1097 List of Black Hole Victims] FIBIS Database<br>
Articles in the ''[[FIBIS Journal]]'':
*"Some Facts about the Black Hole of Calcutta" Tony Fuller, ''FIBIS Journal'' 1
*"The Black Hole of Calcutta, Part 2" Tony Fuller, ''FIBIS Journal'' 2
Members can [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=606&s_id=103 read these articles online] when they log in to the FIBIS database.


== External Links ==
== External Links ==
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnatic_Wars 3rd Carnatic War] Wikipedia<br>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnatic_Wars 3rd Carnatic War] Wikipedia<br>
[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zgE-AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Clive&as_brr=1&ei=zkTeR7y9LpGgygT9pMzVAQ#PPA50,M1 Loss of Calcutta]  Google Books<br>
[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zgE-AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Clive&as_brr=1&ei=zkTeR7y9LpGgygT9pMzVAQ#PPA50,M1 Loss of Calcutta]  Google Books<br>
[http://www.kronoskaf.com/syw/index.php?title=1756_-_Siraj_Ud_Daulah_expedition_against_Calcutta  Siraj Ud Daulah expedition against Calcutta] www.kronoskaf.com<br>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta  Black Hole of Calcutta] Wikipedia<br>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta  Black Hole of Calcutta] Wikipedia<br>
[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aWIDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA71&dq=Black+Hole+of+Calcutta&as_brr=1&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Black%20Hole%20of%20Calcutta&f=false Black Hole of Calcutta - Holwell's account] Google Books<br>
[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aWIDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA71&dq=Black+Hole+of+Calcutta&as_brr=1&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Black%20Hole%20of%20Calcutta&f=false Black Hole of Calcutta - Holwell's account] Google Books<br>
[http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2004-05/1083754311 Names of victims on monument in St John's Church] archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com<br>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata Kolkata, West Bengal] Wikipedia
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata Kolkata, West Bengal] Wikipedia
===Historical books online===
*[https://archive.org/details/indiatractsbyjo00holwgoog ''India Tracts''] by John Zephaniah Holwell, Esq. F.R.S. and Friends. ... Third edition. Revised and corrected, with additions 1774 Archive.org
**[https://archive.org/stream/indiatractsbyjo00holwgoog#page/n395/mode/2up "A Genuine Narrative of the Deplorable Deaths of the English Gentlemen, and Others, who were suffocated in the Black-Hole in Fort-William, at Calcutta…in the Night succeeding the 20th Day of June, 1756"] by J Z Holwell page 380
**[https://archive.org/stream/indiatractsbyjo00holwgoog#page/n431/mode/2up List  of those who were killed, where names are known] page 417
:([https://books.google.com.au/books?id=d0oOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 2nd edition, revised and corrected with additions] 1764 Google Books. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=d0oOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA251  Narrative] page 251; [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=d0oOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA275  List] page 275).
*[http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/56951 ''List Of Europeans And Others In The English Factories In Bengal''] by S C Hill 1902. Some editions have the title: ''List of Europeans and others in the English Factories in Bengal at the time of the Siege of Calcutta in the year 1756. With an appendix containing lists of European sufferers''.  Pdf download, Digital Library of India.


[[Category:Battles|Calcutta 1756, Loss of]]
[[Category:Battles|Calcutta 1756, Loss of]]
[[Category:3rd Carnatic War|Calcutta 1756, Loss of]]
[[Category:3rd Carnatic War|Calcutta 1756, Loss of]]

Latest revision as of 19:03, 14 December 2020

Loss of Calcutta 1756
Part of 3rd Carnatic War
Seven Years War
Date: 20 June 1756
Location: Calcutta
Presidency: Bengal Presidency
Co-ordinates: 22.550293°N 88.339805°E
Result: British defeat
Combatants
British East India Company Mughal Empire
Commanders
Governor Roger Drake
Captain Minchen
John Holwell
Suraj-ud-Daulah
Strength
200 garrison 50,000
Casualties

This was an event during the 3rd Carnatic War

Summary

After the Surrender of Kossimbazar Siraj ud Daulah advanced towards Calcutta which he reached on 16 June and drove in the British outposts. Attempts were made to evacuate women and children but panic overtook the defenders. Governor Drake, Captain Minchen and a large portion of the militia fled on board the vessels in the Hughli. With a garrison of only 200 the fort was overwhelmed. Though Siraj ud Daulah promised no harm would come to the 146 prisoners, they were packed into a small space where many of them suffocated overnight. John Holwell's account of the Black Hole of Calcutta has been challenged. The facts will probably never be established.

Biographies

Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography
Roger Drake
John Holwell (1711-98)
Suraj-ud Daulah (1731-57)

FIBIS resources

The Site of the Black Hole

Articles in the FIBIS Journal:

  • "Some Facts about the Black Hole of Calcutta" Tony Fuller, FIBIS Journal 1
  • "The Black Hole of Calcutta, Part 2" Tony Fuller, FIBIS Journal 2

Members can read these articles online when they log in to the FIBIS database.

External Links

Heritage History - Carnatic Wars Heritage History
3rd Carnatic War Wikipedia
Loss of Calcutta Google Books
Siraj Ud Daulah expedition against Calcutta www.kronoskaf.com
Black Hole of Calcutta Wikipedia
Black Hole of Calcutta - Holwell's account Google Books
Names of victims on monument in St John's Church archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com
Kolkata, West Bengal Wikipedia

Historical books online

(2nd edition, revised and corrected with additions 1764 Google Books. Narrative page 251; List page 275).
  • List Of Europeans And Others In The English Factories In Bengal by S C Hill 1902. Some editions have the title: List of Europeans and others in the English Factories in Bengal at the time of the Siege of Calcutta in the year 1756. With an appendix containing lists of European sufferers. Pdf download, Digital Library of India.