Directories online

This page contains links to online editions of directories. Unless otherwise stated, the books are on the website Google Books. Due to different copyright laws, researchers in some regions, particularly those in North America, may be able to access books on websites such as Google Books, published at a later date than is possible for researchers in the UK

Lists of birth, marriage and death, usually under the heading "Domestic Occurrences" and lists of ships sailing and their passengers embarking/disembarking at various ports can be found towards the back of most annual directories published before about 1850. This type of information can also be found in the more frequent monthly or quarterly journals and newspapers. These periodical publications are listed in Newspapers and journals online.

For more details of the information contained in the books, refer to the Directories reading list, which also has information about libraries which hold copies of the books, and alternative versions available on CD-Rom and microform.

Also see Military periodicals online.

Note concerning the Digital Library of India website: The DLI website has closed. Some of the digital files were uploaded to the Internet Archive, Archive.org in January 2017. See Online books for more information.

Army Lists

Some editions are available on both the Google Books and Hathi Trust Digital Library websites. Google Books is probably quicker to access. However, Hathi Trust has the advantage that pages can be rotated, which is a very handy feature for Army Lists.

• The Bengal Calendar, for the year 1787 including a List of the Hon. and United East-India Company's Military Servants on the Bengal Establishment, page 281 The European Magazine, and London Review, Volume 11 for 1787 by the Philological Society of London Google Books
• Lists of the officers of His Majesty's, and the Hon. Company's troops, serving under the presidency of Bombay. Adjutant General's Office. January 1st. 1798 Google Books
• A List of the Officers of the Army, Ordnance and Medical Departments, serving under the Presidency of Fort St. George. 1st April 1822 Google Books
• The Quarterly Army List of Her Majesty's British and Indian Forces on the Bengal Establishment corrected to 5 July 1859. Also contains Civil Servants in Bengal and the North-Western Provinces. Google Books
• The Quarterly Bengal Army List. Corrected to 30 June 1878 Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection. Contents, digital file page 16. Subordinate Medical Department (Apothecaries), actual page 366, digital file page 384.
• For the Indian Army List from July 1890 to the 1940s, see the separate page Indian Army List online. This publication appears to have commenced as The Quarterly Indian Army List in October 1889.
• Indian Army List, 1 January 1912 is available through the pay website Ancestry, category Military, as a transcript, not original images.
• Indian Army List January 1919. Available in a reprint edition of four volumes, see sample pages only Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4: War Services Preview Google Books. In turn these reprint editions are available to read online on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3 as one digital book Indian Army List located in International/Military Books/India.
• Indian Army List April 1921 is available to read online, or download, at FamilySearch. You need to be registered and sign in first, see Family Search.
• Indian Army List. Restricted access only, probably accessibly by those in North America.
  • Whitaker's Naval and Military Directory and Indian Army List 1899 and 1900 HathiTrust Digital Library
    • The 1899 edition is also available as a digitised Family Search microfilm which may be viewed on your home computer. Select image 377 titled "Indian Army" catalogue entry. You need to be registered and sign in first, see Family Search.
  • Indian Army List 1915, 1922, 1932 Hathi Trust Digital Library

These editions are probably also available on the Google Books website on the same restricted basis.

Also refer East-India Register & Directory and India List and India Office List on this page, and The New Annual Army List on the Military periodicals online page. Other publications on this page such as the various Bengal Directories may also contain Army Lists, as may equivalent publications for the other presidencies.

Bengal Almanac

• Generally this publication contains much general information, including civil service and military regulations but no lists of names. Published by Samuel Smith and Co., Calcutta.
  • 1827; 1829; 1851, Index Google Books
  • Bengal Almanac 1826-1856 Archive.org
  • Bengal Almanac 1828-47 National Library of India Digital Collection. Links to pdfs.
• Bengal Almanac and Companion for 1836: with embellishment and a colored map of the city of Calcutta published by D'Souza and Co., Calcutta. National Library of India Digital Collection. Link to a pdf.

Bengal Directory

Also see Calcutta below.
There were various titles over time including

Bengal Almanac and Annual Directory 1815-1823; The New Annual Bengal Directory and Calcutta Kalendar eg 1823, 1824; Bengal Directory and General Register 1824-1834; Bengal Directory and Annual Register 1835-1842; Bengal and Agra Annual Guide and Gazetteer (probably 1841-42 only); Bengal and Agra Directory and Annual Register 1843-1853; Bengal Directory and Annual Register 1854-1858; Thacker’s Directory for Bengal 1865-1868; Bengal Directory, published by Thacker, also known as Thacker’s Bengal Directory 1869-1884.

Many of the following books were originally available on the Digital Library of India, and are now available with mirror versions on Archive.org.

• The New Annual Bengal Directory and Calcutta Kalendar Published by Samuel Smith, Calcutta.
  • 1823 Contents, digital page 6; Apothecaries, page 75 of the Army List, digital page 220; "Assistant Apothecaries, Veterinary Students", digital page 221. Archive.org Mirror of a file at DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library.
  • 1824 Contents, digital page 6; Apothecaries, page 127 digital page 168, includes a listing of 3 Sub Assistant Veterinary Surgeons, listed in 1823 as "Assistant Apothecaries, Veterinary Students" Archive.org.
• Bengal Directory and General Register. Published by Samuel Smith, Calcutta.
  • 1824 2nd edition corrected to 1 July 1824. Contents, digital page 6; Apothecaries page 230, digital page 237. This book is catalogued as Bengal Directory, with publication date 1824. Archive.org.
  • 1825 Catalogued as The New Annual Bengal Directory And General Register Part. 1(1825). Apothecaries page 230, digital page 267. Only the first part of the book to digital page 333 is for 1825. From digital page 334 (numbered page 325) the pages appear to apply to December 1843 onwards, Births from December 1843 from digital page 510. From page 540, the first of a series of indexes, only relevant if the reference is to page 325 onwards. These pages seem to be from the 1845 edition, refer below. Archive.org Mirror of a file at DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library.
  • 1825 2nd edition Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries page 239, digital page 260. Archive.org .
  • 1826 2nd edition Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries page 238, digital page 265. Archive.org .
  • 1827 2nd edition. 1827 appears as the date of publication. No Contents page. Apothecaries digital page 248; BMD digital page 400; General Index of Names, digital page 412. Archive.org .
  • 1828 Incomplete. Contents, digital page 8. Only contains pages to actual page 228. Archive.org .

  1828 National Library of India Digital Collection. Link to a pdf.

  • 1829 2nd edition Contents, digital page 6; Apothecaries page 237, digital page 292; Index to names, digital page 496. Archive.org .
  • 1830 There are two volumes available, both of which appear to be missing pages. Bar Code 4990010047236 has more pages. Contents digital page 8; Apothecaries, digital page 284; General Index of Names digital page 490: Archive.org . Bar code 4990010004280 Contents, digital page 4; List of British and Foreign Inhabitants, digital page 326. Archive.org .
  • 1831 Contents, digital page 10; Apothecaries page 237, digital page 288. Archive.org .
  • 1831 2nd edition Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries page 237, digital page 282. Archive.org .
  • 1832 Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries page 237, digital page 282. Archive.org .

  1832 National Library of India Digital Collection. Link to a pdf.

• Bengal Directory and Annual Register. Published by Samuel Smith and Co., Calcutta.
  • 1835 Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries, page 237, digital page 278. Archive.org .
  • 1838 with 3rd Quarterly Register, Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries page 245, digital page 262. Archive.org .

  1838 Google Books

  1838 National Library of India Digital Collection. Link to a pdf.

  • 1839 Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries, page 245, digital page 264, Archive.org .
  • 1840 Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries, page 245, digital page 268. Archive.org .
  • 1841 Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries, page 258, digital page 283. Archive.org .
  • 1842 Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries, page 255, digital page 280. Archive.org .
• Annual Directory and Register for 1840 published by The Commercial Advertiser, Calcutta. National Library of India Digital Collection. Link to a pdf.
• Bengal and Agra Annual Guide and Gazetteer, Volume I. Published by William Rushton.
  • 1841 Google Books
  • 1842 Google Books
• Bengal and Agra Directory and Annual Register Published by Samuel Smith and Co., Calcutta.
  • 1843 The title is The Bengal and Agra Directory and Half Yearly Register for 1843. Note some pages appear to be missing, for example actual page 566 is digital page 469. Contents , digital page 8; Shipping Arrivals and Departures from December 1842 digital page 472; BMD from December 1842 digital page 484; Apothecaries , page 262, digital page 295. Archive.org .
  • 1844 Contents, digital page 8; BMD from December 1842, digital page 530; Apothecaries, page 155, digital page 174. Archive.org version.
  • 1845 Contents, digital page 6; only contains pages to page 332, digital page 339; Apothecaries, page 157, digital page 164. Balance of book appears to be at the back of the 1825 edition. Archive.org.
  • 1846 Contents, digital page 6; Apothecaries, page 155, digital page 186. Archive.org version.
  • 1847 Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries, page 155, digital page 190; Part VIII General List of British Inhabitants, page 349 digital page 422; General Index, digital page 604. Archive.org version.
  • 1848 Contents , digital page 8; Shipping Arrivals and Departures from digital page 592; BMD from December 1846 from digital page 609; Apothecaries, page 155, digital page 190. no 1 Archive.org ; no 2 Archive.org .
  • 1849 Contents, digital page 6; Apothecaries, page 154, digital page 191. Archive.org .
  • 1851 Contents, digital page 6; Apothecaries, page 281, digital page 310. Archive.org .
  • 1853 National Library of India Digital Collection. Link to a pdf.
• Scott and Co.'s Bengal Directory and Register
  • 1848 Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries page 347, digital page 392; Domestic Occurrences in 1847 Appendix, page 401, digital page 970. Archive.org.
  • 1849 HathiTrust Digital Library
  • 1854 FamilySearch Digital Library. To view the book, you need to be signed in to FS, see FamilySearch.
• Robertson & Co.'s Bengal Almanac, Companion, and the Book of Direction for 1853 HathiTrust Digital Library
• Bengal Directory and Annual Register Published by Samuel Smith and Co., Calcutta.
  • 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858. National Library of India Digital Collection. Link to a pdf.
  • 1855 Contents, digital page 8; Apothecaries Part V, page 404, digital page 919. Archive.org .
• Bengal Directory (published by Thacker)
  • 1873 Archive.org. Mirror of a file at DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library. Note initial pages are missing.
  • 1875 Language catalogued as Sanskrit. Contents, digital page 4. Archive.org .
  • 1876 Contents, digital page 8. Archive.org .
  • 1877 Contents, digital page 10; General Index, digital page 11; Calcutta Street Directory, digital pages 436-611; Mofussil, digital pages 614- 1046; Alphabetical List of Indigo, Silk. Tea, Jute, Lac and Sugar Factories, digital page 1048-1078; Alphabetical List of Residents in Calcutta and the Mofussil, digital page 1080-1370. Archive.org .
  • 1878 Contents, digital page 10. Archive.org .
  • 1879 Language catalogued as Sanskrit. Contents, digital page 8. Archive.org .
  • 1881 Contents, digital page 16. Archive.org .
  • 1884 Contents, digital page 8. This edition also contains information for Madras and Bombay Presidencies. Archive.org.

Bengal Directory (published by Thacker) is also available as pdf downloads from DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library. The only year not mentioned above is

1874.

If this link does not open, use the Search on the DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library website. Note, this website is often unavailable, and may only be open limited hours.

Grace’s Guide to British Industrial History contains some limited extracts from editions from 1856,1861,1867,1872,1877 and 1882 in respect of railways and their senior staff. Use the Search term Thackers.

Bombay

• The Bombay Calendar and Almanac. 1822 title Bombay Calendar and Register, 1845 title The Bombay Agenda, or Almanac and Directory for 1845
  • 1822 Hathi Trust Digital Library. Includes Marriages Births and Deaths in 1821, page 113 of the Appendix
  • 1842 Google Books
  • 1845 Hathi Trust Digital Library. Includes Alphabetical List of the European, Indo-British and Portuguese Inhabitants of Bombay , its vicinity and the Mofussil, page 48 of the "Bombay Directory" Part 3rd
  • 1856 Hathi Trust Digital Library. Includes List of European and East Indian Inhabitants, page 283

The following volumes are available as pdf files on the Digital Library of India, and as mirror editions on Archive.org.

Also see The Times of India Directory below. Search for titles using simple terms such as Bombay Directory, Bombay Almanac.

• The Bombay Commercial Calender And General Directory
  • 1845 Contents, computer page 8; Contents 2nd Part, Services Calendar (separately numbered), computer page 18; European and East Indian Inhabitants , page 69, computer page 144; Shipping, pages 470-508, computer pages 538-578; Domestic Occurrences for 1844 Births, page 509, computer page 579, Marriages page 514, computer page 584, deaths, page 518, computer page 588. Part 2 commences computer page 595. Apothecaries, 2nd Section page 157, computer page 757. Archive.org .
• The Bombay Almanac
  • 1851 Contents computer page 9. Mostly general information. Estates Administered by the Ecclesiastical Registrar Bombay page 195, computer page 256. Archive.org.
  • 1852 Archive.org
• The Bombay Almanack and Book of Direction
  • 1860 Contents, computer page 10; Apothecaries, page 484, computer page 535. Archive.org.
  • 1861 Contents, computer page 22; Apothecaries, page 512, computer page 563. Catalogued as The Bombay Almanack and Directory for 1861. Print quality is poor. Archive.org.
• The Bombay Almanack and Directory
  • 1863. There are two files. The print quality is poor for both, but the second version is probably better.
    • Barcode ...226 Contents, computer page 20; Apothecaries page 674, computer page 723. Archive.org.
    • Barcode ...231 Contents, computer page 20; Apothecaries page 674, computer page 719. Archive.org.
  • 1865. Unfortunately the pages after page 583 are missing. Contents, computer page 12; Alphabetical Index, computer page 26; Alphabetical List of HM Uncovenanted Civil Servants, page 296, computer page 335; List of the Principal European, Indo-Briton and Portuguese Mofussil Residents page 381, computer page 420; List of ditto in the Town and Suburbs of Bombay, page 428, computer page 465; Births, Marriages and Deaths, page 572, computer page 607. Book ends page 583, Deaths to Fenton. Archive.org.
  • 1868 Index, computer page 6; Inhabitants Local, page 745, computer page 796; Inhabitants Mofussil, page 798, computer page 847. Archive.org .

Calcutta

Also see Bengal Directory above.

• Published by Cones and Co, Calcutta. Initially the title was the Calcutta Directory, but by 1877 it had changed to Cones and Co's Directory and Almanac. The following editions are available on Archive.org, in the Digital Library of India Collection, based on pdf downloads from DLI. Most are catalogued as Directory and Almanac. The same digital files are also available as pdf downloads from DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library, the originating institution.
  • Calcutta Directory for 1874, published by Cones and Co. Contents commences digital page 8, but appears to be missing the first two pages. This book is in a number of Parts, each numbered separately.
  • 1877
  • 1878. Pensioners , Civil and Military, digital file page 415 (Part V, page 78)
  • 1879. Pensioners, digital file page 449 (PartV, page 78)
  • 1881. Pensioners, digital file page 481 (Part V, page 80)
  • 1889. Pensioners, digital file page 369 (Part V, page 80)
  • 1895, 1896.

Ceylon

For publications such as the Ceylon Calendar, Ceylon Almanac and the later Ferguson’s Ceylon Directories, see Ceylon.

China and other countries

• The Directory & Chronicle for China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Netherlands India, Borneo, the Philippines, &c. For a range of editions to 1922, see China
• Directory for Bangkok and Siam 1914 "Twenty-Fifth year of publication". Published by The Bangkok Times. Archive.org. Catalogued as "Bangkok and Siam, directory"

East-India Register & Directory

This publication contains Civil Service and Army Lists, in addition to other information.

The volumes below are from Google Books, HathiTrust Digital Library, Archive.org and National Library of India Digital Collection websites. The NLI descriptions are based on catalogue details, and it is generally not stated whether the book is the 1st or 2nd edition for that year. The NLI links are to pdfs.

Ancestry, pay website, includes a number of searchable and browsable editions of the East-India Register, (listed under three variants of the title), generally the 1st edition for the year, published in January, together with some additional publications, including some pre 1800, in the database UK, Registers of Employees of the East India Company and the India Office, 1746-1939, located in Schools, Directories & Church Histories. Additionally, there are separate databases for East India Register and Directory for 1830 [2nd edition], and The East India Register & Directory, 1844. Note, some local libraries, and genealogical societies, provide free access to Ancestry, for residents/members, see Miscellaneous tips.

The editions with an M following the year are available on the subscription website The Making of the Modern World-The Goldsmiths’-Kress Library of Economic Literature 1450-1850

1782 title is A List of the Company's civil servants, at their settlements in the East-Indies, the Island St. Helena, and China.
1789 title is Bengal Calendar but includes other regions. Similarly for 1792 and 1795 (on Ancestry).
1792 title is East India Kalendar or Asiatic Register for the Year 1792. Similarly for 1797 (on Ancestry). For access to this publication for additional years, see Subscription websites-online newspapers, journals and directories.
1801 title is The New East India Kalendar (on Ancestry)
1802 title is A New Oriental Register, and East India Directory for 1802

1782 Ancestry	1789*	1792	1792 Ancestry	1795 Ancestry
1797 Ancestry	1801 Ancestry	1802	1803 2nd edition	1804 Ancestry 1804 M
1805 Ancestry 1805 M		1807 NLI 1807 Ancestry	1808 FamilySearch Must be signed in to FS to view. 1808 Ancestry	1809 Ancestry 1809 M
1810 Ancestry 1810 M	1811 NLI 1811 Ancestry		1813 corrected to 1st September, 1813. NLI	1814 Ancestry 1814 M
1815 Ancestry 1815 M	1816 NLI 1816 Ancestry 1816 M			1819 2nd edition 1819 NLI 1819 Ancestry
1820 2nd edition 1820 NLI 1820 Ancestry	1821 2nd edition 1821 Ancestry	1822, 1st edition NLI 1822 Ancestry 1822 M	1823 2nd edition 1823 NLI 1823 Ancestry	1824 1824 NLI 1824 Ancestry
1825 2nd edition 1825 NLI	1826 1826 Ancestry	1827 1827 Ancestry	1828, 1828 2nd edition 1828 Ancestry	1829, 1829 2nd edition
1830 2nd edition 1830, 2nd edition Ancestry (separate database)	1831 NLI 1831 Ancestry 1831 M	1832 1832 NLI 1832 Ancestry	1833 NLI	1834 2nd edition 1834 NLI
1835 2nd edition 1835 NLI	1836 NLI	1837 2nd edition (HT) 1837 2nd edition (Archive.org) 1837 Ancestry	1838 NLI	1839 1839 NLI
1840 NLI	1841 NLI 1841 Ancestry 1841 M	1842 1842 NLI	1843 1843 NLI	1844 2nd edition 1844 Ancestry
1845, 1845 2nd edition	1846 2nd edition	1847 1847 Ancestry	1848 NLI	1849 1849 Ancestry
1850 FamilySearch Must be signed in to FS to view. 1850 2nd edition 1850 Ancestry	1851 1851 Ancestry	1852 1852 2nd edition FamilySearch Must be signed in to FS to view. 1852 Ancestry	1853 2nd edition 1853 Ancestry	1854 1854 Ancestry
1855 1855 Ancestry	1856 1856 Ancestry	1857 1857 Ancestry	1858 Ancestry	1859 1859 Ancestry

For years from 1861, see India List and India Office List, below.

* British Library Digital

FamilySearch microfilms/digitised microfilms

• An East-India Register and Directory Microfilm catalogue entry for multiple volumes. Note: Microfilm ordering ceased September 2017, however all volumes have been digitised and are available for viewing on a FamilySearch computer at a FamilySearch Centre, or FamilySearch Affiliate Library, including at least one edition per year, with generally two, from 1803 to 1834, and two editions for 1860, not available elsewhere online. Note, it is recommended that you use this option only if there are no other versions available, due to possible restricted geographical access, and the format for viewing the digital images.

Note At times (c 2019 January) a message has been seen advising images are not available. However it appears this is an error (bug) and if you re-access the digital file, (perhaps this will be necessary multiple times) the usual message that it can be viewed at a FHC or Affiliate Library should eventually appear. This error message may also appear when you are attempting to access the films at a FamilySearch Centre. June 2019, this error appears to have been fixed, but this wording has been left in case the error reappears.

Government of India Directory

• Govt of India Directory 1935 is available to download as a pdf from OUDL (Osmania University Digital Library). May only be available Indian office hours (IST 10 am to 6 pm), (IST = GMT+5:30). This publication is similar to a Civil Service List. Also available from Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection.
• Government of India Directory 1946 and January 1947 Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection.

Hyderabad

Also see entries under Madras

• The following books are available as pdfs on the Digital Library of India, with mirror editions on Archive.org.
  • The Hyderabad Almanac and Directory for 1892. No contents page. List of Principal European and Anglo-Indian Residents in Hyderabad computer page 170.Archive.org version.
  • 1936 Hyderabad Directory Contents, computer page 5; Who's Who, computer page 226; Lawyers, computer page 282 Doctors, page 291. Archive.org version.
• The Classified List Of Officers Of Civil Department 
H.E.H.The Nizams Government 1932, 1934, 1939 are available to download as pdfs on OUDL (Osmania University Digital Library).

The Classified List of Officers of the Civil Departments Of H E H The Nizam’s Government. A broken range of editions 1928 to 1940s. Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection. DLI perhaps may have additional volumes.

India List and India Office List

Also including Histories of Services, a publication connected with the various Lists, which is available at the British Library as IOR/V/12 Service Histories. (Search the catalogue or TNA Discovery catalogue entry for IOR/V/12).

• The Indian Army and Civil Service List. Hathi Trust Digital Library, Google Books and Ancestry. The title commenced in 1861 and In 1877 changed to India List Civil and Military which was published to 1895. There were two editions per year, in January and July. A new series India Office List commenced 1886 as a yearly publication, so for some years there were two different publications. The Indian Army List appears to have commenced as a separate publication in October 1889.

For years prior to 1861 see East-India Register & Directory above.

Ancestry has editions of The Indian Army and Civil Service List for each year 1861-1876**

July 1864 July 1864*	July 1867	January 1868 January 1868 *	July 1869*	January 1870 January 1870*
July 1870 July 1870*	January 1871*	January 1872 January 1872*	July 1872*	January 1873
findmypast searchable only. Probably July 1873#	January 1874 January 1874*	July 1874	January 1875 January 1875*	July 1875 July 1875*
January 1876*	March 1877*	January 1878 January 1878*	Ancestry has editions of India List Civil and Military for each year 1877-1895**

*Google Books. # findmypast dataset "Indian Army & Civil Service List 1873" located in Education & Work/Colonial Service. May be selected entries only, not entire book.

**Ancestry, pay website, has searchable and browsable editions, generally the January edition (of two editions published each year) for each year 1861-1895 listed under the two titles above in the database UK, Registers of Employees of the East India Company and the India Office, 1746-1939, located in Schools, Directories & Church Histories.

Many editions from 1819 together with restricted access editions, probably accessible to those in North America, from 1881 are available on the HathiTrust Digital Library, with further editions in the 1920s, under the catalogue title The India office and Burma office list. Note HathiTrust has the advantage that pages can be rotated, but the disadvantage that for most people files cannot be downloaded.

FamilySearch microfilms/digitised microfilms

Refer East-India Register and Directory above. Two volumes per year are generally available to 1895, so it seems likely these will be volumes of India List Civil and Military, rather than India Office List which commenced in 1886 as a yearly publication. Note also there are Indian Army Lists available online from 1890, refer above. Microfilm ordering service ceased September 2017. Refer comments under East-India Register and Directory above. It is recommended that you only use this source if the volume you are seeking is not otherwise available, on Ancestry or elsewhere.

• From 1870 to 1893, The New Annual Army List contained an Indian Civil Service List. The full title of the publication was 1870-1880, The New Annual Army List, Militia List, and Indian Civil Service List; 1881-1893, The New Annual Army List, Militia List, Yeomanry Cavalry List, and Indian Civil Service List. Archive.org

1870, page 681	1871, page 682	1872, page 682	1873, page 691	1874, page 732
1875, page 742	1876, page 741	1877, page 744
1880, page 741	1881, page 750		1883, page 752	1884, page 752
1885, page 752	1886, page 892	1887, incomplete		1889, page 892
1890, page 892	1891, page 892

• Indian Army and Civil Service List is available through the pay site findmypast. (At August 2014, the years 1855, 1873 and 1933 are available)
• 1880 The Indian Civil Service List by Alfred Cotterell Tupp 1880. Index. Archive.org. Also available HathiTrust Digital Library with rotatable pages. This appears to be a commercial publication and includes Salary Lists.
• India List and India Office List

• 1886. Link to a catalogue entry which contain a link to a pdf download. Digital Repository of GIPE, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune].
• Ancestry, pay website, has searchable and browsable editions in the database UK, Registers of Employees of the East India Company and the India Office, 1746-1939, located in Schools, Directories & Church Histories for the years 1895-1909 inclusive, 1911-1929 inclusive, 1931-1939 inclusive, listed under three different titles - The India List and India Office List, The India Office List, and The India Office and Burma Office List.
• 1893 7th Issue Google Books; 1902 Archive.org; 1905 Google Books. The preface of the latter two editions states: In the lists of Officers serving in India, which are contained in pages... of this volume, only substantive appointments are shown ; and, except in the case of members of the Indian Civil Service, the names of Officers drawing substantive pay of less than Rs. 500 a month are not included.
• 1924 Archive.org mirror version from DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library.
• 1925. Link to a catalogue entry which contain a link to a pdf download. Digital Repository of GIPE, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune].
• 1928 42nd Publication. Google Books.
• 1933 and 1940 Links to pdfs DSpace, National Library of India.

• The following Lists were originally from the Digital Library of India website and are now available as mirror editions at Archive.org, the Internet Archive.
  • India and India/Burma
    • India Office List. Note from the 1938 online edition, the title is The India Office And Burma Office List.

    DLI on Archive.org mirror versions: Archive.org 1916; Archive.org 1917; Archive.org 1918; Archive.org 1919 Archive.org 1920

    DLI on Archive.org mirror versions: 1921 A; 1922 A; 1923 A; 1924 A-another file: 1924 A; 1926 A; 1927 A; 1929 A- another file: 1929 A; 1930 A

    DLI on Archive.org mirror versions: 1931 A; 1933 A; 1934 A; 1935 A; 1936 A; 1938 A; 1939 A; 1940 A; 1945 A- another file:1945 A; 1947 A.

    • History Of Services Of Officers Holding Gazetted Appointments July 1926 Archive.org 1926. Full title includes the wording Government of India and Home, Education, Health and Lands, Foreign, Legislative, Commerce, Industries and Labour Departments.

    History of services of officers holding gazetted appointments under the foreign and political department Archive.org 1929; Archive.org 1931; Archive.org 1935 (catalogued without the words under the foreign…); Archive.org 1937 (title includes in the political and the external affairs departments).

    History of Services of Officers of the Political Department below the Substantive Rank of Resident serving in the North West Frontier Province 1930. Catalogue title record includes Frointer. Archive.org .

    • History Of Services Of Officers Holding Gazetted Appointments Under the Government of India 1947. Archive.org . Note: Catalogued as ...Appointments In The Cabinet.
  • Provincial Lists
    • History of Services of Gazetted and other Officers serving under the Government of Assam 1921 Archive.org
    • Bengal Civil List, Quarterly Civil List for Bengal 1 volume for 1879, then 1914 onwards. Archive.org. Previously the "Old website", Digital Library of India had from 1909.
    • History Of Services Of Gazetted And Other Officers Serving Under the Government of Bengal. Note DLI catalogue does not include the words Serving Under the Government of Bengal Parts 1 and 2 1877-1909 (incomplete).
      • 1898 Part 1 was noted to include Subordinate Civil Service, but other years may also.
      • Part 1 available on Archive.org: 1877, 1879, 1881, 1882, 1885, 1891, 1892, 1898, 1899, 1900.

      1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909

      • Part 2 available on Archive.org: 1878, 1879, 1880, 1882, 1885, 1891, 1892, 1893

      1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909

    • Gazetted And Other Officers Of Bengal Government-Services History. Note, this is the catalogued title, but it appears the actual title continued on as above, at least for a time.
      • Part 1 Indian and Statutory Civil Services, Bengal Civil Service, Bengal Junior Service and Judicial Service. Annual Volumes 1910 onwards, excluding 1918, 1942. There is an index at the rear, although it is not clear whether this is for the whole book, or the last section. It is not known whether Burma is included. Archive.org: 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920

      1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930

      1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935,1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940

      1941, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946 no longer available, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950

      • Part 2 [in separate volumes] 1910 onwards. Departments such as Medical, Jail, Police, Education, Public Works, Registration, Forest, Miscellaneous, Marine, Bengal Covenanted Pilot Service, Customs. There was also Part 3 for at least 1910, see following. Archive.org

      1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920

      1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930

      1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940

      1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950

      • Part 3 [Separate volume] 1910. Includes Medical Department plus some IMS, and Bengal Police Service. Archive.org.
    • Bihar And Orissa Quarterly Civil List Corrected Up To The 1st April 1931 Archive.org
    • History of Services of Gazetted and other officers serving under the Government of Bihar and Orissa part 1 1930 Archive.org, part 1931 Archive.org .
    • Bombay Civil List (classified as subject Bombay(India, State)-Registers). Broken range from 1841 to 1881. Links to pdfs DSpace, National Library of India.
    • Civil Service List for the Central Provinces Broken range 1876 to 1925. Links to pdfs DSpace, National Library of India.
    • History Of Services Of Gazetted Officers In The Civil Department In The Central Provinces

    Broken range 1879 to 1917. Links to pdfs DSpace, National Library of India.

    1879 Google Books,1879 HathiTrust Digital Library; July 1928 Archive.org ; 1929 Archive.org ; July 1930 Archive.org version.

    • Jaipur Half-yearly Civil List 1942 Archive.org
    • History of services of Gazetted Officers employed under the Government of the N.W.P. and Oudh Broken range 1880 to 1910. Link to pdfs DSpace, National Library of India.

    Corrected up to 1st Jan., 1881. Compiled in the Govt. Sectt., N-.W.P. and Oudh, Allahabad. 1881 Archive.org.

    • List Of Classified Officers From The North West Province For The Year 1929 Archive.org version. Poor quality text.

    The Quarterly List Of Civil Officers Serving In The North West Frontier Province. 1930 Archive.org version

    • The Civil List for United Provinces 1913. Part I, May 1947 Archive.org.
    • History of Services of Gazetted Officers attached to the United Provinces Broken range 1902 to 1925. Link to pdfs DSpace, National Library of India.

    Part II 1913 Index digital page 562 Archive.org .

    1928 Part VIII Officers of the Public Works Department. Contents digital page 10 Index dp 252 (part missing) Archive.org version.

    • History Of Services Of The Gazetted Government Servants. Wording Punjab Government may not be included in the catalogue.
      • 1928 48th Edition July 1928. Archive.org version, 1928.
      • History of Services of the Gazetted Government Servants 51st Edition corrected up to Ist July 1931 is in respect of the "Punjab Government, and those serving under the Chief Commissioners, North West Frontier Province, and Delhi, but borne on the combined Cadres" 51st edition July 1931. Archive.org version, 1931.Archive.org version, 1931 2nd file.
      • 1938 Similar contents to 1931. 57th Edition July 1938. Archive.org version, 1938
    • Quarterly Civil List for the Punjab: Corrected up to 1st October 1898, Index Archive.org

    Punjab Civil List corrected up to 1st November 1946 Archive.org

    • Western India States Agency Civil List, Parts I and IV 1931 Archive.org

Madras

There were various titles over time from different publishers
The Madras Almanac and Compendium of Intelligence; The Madras New Almanac and Compendium of Intelligence; The Asylum Press Almanac and Compendium of Intelligence; The Asylum Press Almanack and Directory of Madras and Southern India

However, search for titles using simple terms such as Madras Almanac, Asylum Press etc

Many of the following books were originally available on the Digital Library of India website and mirror files are now available Archive.org.

• The Madras Almanac Collection EAP183/4/4 British Library Endangered Archives Programme. 1800-1883. Note the images may seem very faint, but if you increase the size of a page, the image becomes darker and readable. The images use TIFF format. If you cannot see the images at all (after increasing the page size to increase darkness of the text) you will need to install a TIFF plug-in. Some pages may be missing, for some files very few pages are available.
  • The Indian Almanac for… 1800 [Madras] includes, commencing digital page 42 List of the Honorable Company’s Covenanted Servants on the Coast of Coromandel. EAP183/4/4/1.
  • The Madras monthly journal, or, India recorder Jun-Dec 1805 EAP183/4/4/2 to December 1808, EAP183/4/4/28, as catalogued.
  • The Madras Almanac 1808 EAP183/4/4/29; 1810 ; 1812 ; 1815 ; 1816; 1817 ; 1820 EAP183/4/4/35.

  1821 EAP183/4/4/36; 1822; 1823; 1824; 1825; 1826 ; 1827; 1828; 1829; 1830 EAP183/4/4/45.

  1831 EAP183/4/4/46; 1832; 1833; 1834; 1835; 1837; 1838; 1839; 1840 EAP183/4/4/54.

  1842 EAP183/4/4/55; 1842; 1845; 1846; 1848; 1849; 1850 EAP183/4/4/61.

  1851 EAP183/4/4/62; 1852; 1853; 1857; 1858; 1859 EAP183/4/4/67.

  1862 EAP183/4/4/68; 1863; 1865, catalogued as The Madras people's almanac and general directory, No. 6.; 1865, Asylum Press Almanac; 1866; 1867; 1868; 1869 EAP183/4/4/75.

  1872, catalogued as The Madras people's almanac and general directory, No. 13 EAP183/4/4/76; 1872 Asylum Press Almanac; 1873 MPA no.14; 1874 MPA no.15; 1875 MPA no.16; 1876 MPA no.17; 1877 MPA no.18; 1878 MPA no.19; 1879 MPA no.20 (very few pages); 1879 Asylum Press Almanac; 1880 MPA no.21 (very few pages); 1881 APA; 1882 APA EAP183/4/4/88.

• The Madras Almanac for

1813 HathiTrust Digital Library; 1815 tamildigitallibrary.in; 1832 1834 1839 all HathiTrust DL; 1839 Google Books.

• The Madras New Almanac for 1853: with a General Directory and Register for Madras, Calcutta and Bombay. Arranged and Compiled by Pharoah and Co. HathiTrust Digital Library
• The Madras Almanac and Compendium of Intelligence
  • 1857 Summary of contents, digital page 6, detailed contents, digital page 8. Archive.org mirror version.

Note the edition catalogued as 1859 appears to be catalogued incorrectly, and is another publication

• The Madras New Almanac and Compendium of Intelligence
  • 1861 Summary of contents, digital page 8, detailed contents, digital page 10. Archive.org mirror version.
• The Asylum Press Almanac and Compendium of Intelligence
  • 1872 Contents, digital page 8; Trade List page 503, digital page 544; Part XII Appendix commences following page 638, and is separately numbered, commencing digital page 680 and does not appear to be included in the Contents. Mofussil Directory page 155-187, digital page 842-872 Late alterations, pages 189-185, digital pages 874-880; List of Coffee, Tea and Chinchona Estates, pages 205-214, digital pages 890-899 Residents at Madras pages 215-224, digital page 900-909 Index, page 225, digital page 910. Archive.org mirror version.
  • 1873 Catalogued as Asylum Press Almanak 1873. Contents, digital page 6. Archive.org mirror version.
  • 1874 Summary of Contents, digital page 2; Table of Contents, digital page 6; List of midwives page 692, digital page 727; Part XI Mofussil Directory page 701, digital page 736; Appendix XII follows page 734, digital page 770; Residents at Madras, pages 53-62, digital pages 822-831; Index page 63, digital page 832. Archive.org mirror version .
  • 1878 Unfortunately the pages after page 894 are missing. Summary of Contents, digital page 8; Table of Contents, digital page 10. Part XI Mofussil Directory , page 867, digital page 956, continues to page 894 Travancore Directory then ends. Archive.org mirror version.
  • 1881 Summary of Contents, digital page 8; Table of Contents, digital page 10; Part XI Mofussil Directory, pages 703-752, digital pages 768-817; Part XII Domestic Occurrences, pages 20-26, digital pages 837-843; List of Residents of Madras, pages 27-38, digital pages 844-855; Index, page 39, digital page 856. Archive.org mirror version.
  • 1882 Summary of Contents, digital page 10; Table of Contents, digital page 12; Part XI Mofussil Directory, pages 761-812, digital pages 852-903; Part XII Domestic Occurrences, pages 65-72, digital pages 968-975; List of Residents of Madras, pages 73-82, digital pages 976-985; Index, page 83, digital page 986. Archive.org mirror version.
  • 1883 Summary of Contents, digital page 6; Table of Contents, digital page 8; Part XI Mofussil Directory, pages 779-829, digital pages 840-890; List of Residents of Madras, pages 831-840, digital pages 892-901; Domestic Occurrences, pages 841-847, digital pages 902-908 Index, page 848, digital page 909. Archive.org mirror version.
• The Asylum Press Almanack and Directory of Madras and Southern India
  • 1918 Includes Burma. Summary of Contents, digital page 26. General Index missing. Archive.org mirror version.
  • 1919 Includes Burma. Summary of Contents, digital page 30. General Index commences digital page 2116, but is only two pages A- Bolarum. Archive.org mirror version.
  • 1924 Includes Nizam’s Dominions, Mysore, Travancore and Cochin. Contents, digital page 44. Archive.org mirror version.
  • 1925 Includes Nizam’s Dominions, Mysore, Travancore and Cochin. Contents, digital page 54. Archive.org mirror version.
  • 1928 Includes Nizam’s Dominions, Mysore, Travancore and Cochin. Contents, digital page 78. Archive.org mirror version.

FamilySearch microfilms/digitised microfilms

• The Asylum Press Almanac and Compendium of Intelligence for 1865 Microfilm catalogue entry. Refer FamilySearch Centres for information about microfilms and digitised microfilms.

Maulmain Almanac [Burma]

The later spelling was Moulmein. The Almanac covers a broader region than just the town/city.

• Maulmain Almanac for 1850 includes Directory Note some pages appear twice. Google Books
• The Maulmain Almanac, Directory and Diary for 1852 including Directory. Google Books
• One digital file containing 1850, 1852 and 1853 digital page 388, HathiTrust Digital Library.

Nilgiri Guide and Directory

1916 Archive.org

Sind

• The Sind Directory. With a map ... Also, a plan of Kurrachee ... A general description of the Punjab, etc. by George Bease 1862 British Library Digital Collection. Note: There do not appears to be any maps digitised.
  • A List of the European and Eurasian Inhabitants in Sind at 1st April 1862 page 252

Singapore, The Straits and Penang

The National Library of Singapore has some Directories which can be read online or downloaded. Refer Singapore for details

Street's Indian and Colonial Mercantile Directory

• 1869 Google Books
• 1870 Google Books

Thacker's Indian Directory

From 1865 to 1884, Thacker published a Bengal Directory, refer above. The 1884 edition included Madras and Bombay Presidencies.

• The 1895 edition is available through the commercial website Ancestry and is searchable, or the images may be browsed.
• A number of years are available as pdf downloads at DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library. The only one not listed further below is for 1908. If the link does not open, use the website Search. Note, this website is often unavailable, and may only be open limited hours.
  • 1908

Digital Library of India is not currently operating. Select the digital files below from the Internet Archive, Archive.org, which are mirror versions of files from the Digital Library of India.

• Thackers Indian Directory 1897- Contents on digital page 10. DLI title: Thacker's Directory(1897). Mofussil Directory begins digital page 631, Lahore p858, Murree p913 (includes list of residents starting on p914), Rawalpindi p996, Roorkie p1000, Simla p1029-1036 (includes list of residents). Archive.org
• Thackers Indian Directory 1901;1902; 1903; 1904; 1906; 1907 Links to pdf downloads, D Space National Library of India. Note, there is a possibility these digital files may be uploaded to Archive.org in the future, but they are not there currently 2020/09/14.

Most of the same files are available at indianculture.gov.in with an online reader: 1901 Partial file only, being Mofussil Directory pages 794 (Dera Ismail Khan) to 889 (Karikal)-NLI file is much larger; 1902; 1903; 1904; 1906.

• Thackers Indian Directory 1908 - First 5 pages are blank. Contents on digital p63. Page 1 of text, digital p172. Unfortunately this volume is not complete, as pages after (actual) page 975 are missing. Mofussil Directory begins p91, digital p264. What is thought to be the same digital file is available as a series of pdf downloads at DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library, see above.
• Thackers Indian Directory 1915 - Contents on digital p38. Archive.org
• Thacker's Indian Directory 1916 Note: Part of the volume only (164 p. or 252 digital pages- first section of the book to page 164.) Source: Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad. indianculture.gov.in
• Thacker's Indian Directory 1918 HathiTrust Digital Library. Access limited to areas such as North America or participating University Libraries.
• Thackers Indian Directory 1920 - Contents missing initial page(s), commences computer p16 at Bi... Archive.org
• Thackers Indian Directory 1925 - Contents on digital p29, Mofussil Directory begins p973, Railways p1488, List of residents p1834. Archive.org
• Thackers Indian Directory 1928 - Contents on digital p17 (Nb this edition listed on the DLoI as 'Thacker S Indian Directory 1928') Alphabetical List of Residents digital page 1994. Archive.org
• Thacker's Indian Directory 1931 Archive.org. Mirror of a file at DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library.
• Thackers Indian Directory 1933 - Title page digital p 14. General Index cp 18. Mofussil stations of India cp 860-1287 (Yercaud). Burma Directory cp 1305-1351. Tea Estates cp 1533. Sugar Cane and Indigo Concerns cp 1586. Coffee and other Produce Estates cp 1590. Archive.org
• Thackers Indian Directory 1934 - Contents on digital p17; A List of the Civil Divisions of India and Burma digital page 856; Mofussil Stations of India digital page 866 ends digital page 1311 Yercaud. Archive.org
• Thackers Indian Directory 1935 - Contents on digital p17. DLI title: Thacaers Indian Directory 1935. Archive.org
• Thackers Indian Directory 1936 - Contents on digital p17. Archive.org (75th year of publication).
• Thacker's Indian Directory including Burma and Ceylon

1937-1938, Contents, 1937-1938, 2nd file (76th year of publication);

1938-1939, Contents (77th year of publication). All Archive.org

• Thackers Indian Directory including Burma 1940-41 - Contents commences digital p24. Archive.org (79th year of publication)
• Thackers Indian Directory of India And Pakistan 1951 1953 Contents commences digital p 44. Archive.org (90th year of publication).
• National Archives of India pay service "Digitise on Demand" includes Thacker's Indian Directory 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1924, 1926, 1928, 1932. Note: Ensure you clarify with National Archives of India just what will be digitised.

The Times of India Directory

• The following volumes are were mainly originally available from Digital Library of India, with mirror editions now available on Archive.org (Internet Archive).
  • The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1897. Catalogued as Calendar And Directory For 1897. Archive.org.
  • The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932. Index, digital page 42. This book appears in the catalogue as Directory Of Bombay-1932. Archive.org .
  • The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1936 is available on the pay website findmypast in the database "British In India, Directories 1792-1948 Browse", located in Newspapers, Directories & Social History/Directories & Almanacs.
  • The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1937 Trade Directory, digital page 16; General Index, digital page 24. Archive.org version.
  • The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939. Index, digital page 13. This book apppears in the catalogue as Directory Of Bombay City Province 1939 Government Of India. Archive.org version.
  • The Times of India Directory of Bombay City and Province published 1940. General Index, digital page 10;Trade Directory, digital page 28. Archive.org .
  • The Times Of India Directory And Year Book Who’s Who 1954-1955 Contents, digital page 6; General Index, actual page 1333, digital page 1383. Archive.org .

Travancore

Also see entries under Madras

• The following book is available Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India

Trevandrum Almanac for 1876 (but catalogued Travandrum). List of Europeans and Americans, not connected with the Government, (including many planters), digital page 88.

• Many editions of the Travancore Almanac 1880-1925, Travancore Almanac and Directory 1911-1944 and Travancore Directory 1939-1948 are available to read online at Kerala State Central Library Rare Books Online. This is probably the same publication, perhaps catalogued differently. Note, mirror editions of some/all? of these digital files are available on Archive.org.

Travancore Almanac from 1880

Travancore Almanac and Directory broken range of editions from 1911 to 1944

Travancore Directory broken range of editions 1939-1948.

Subscription websites

Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO)

A number of directories from the late 1700’s are available on the website Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO- A part of Gale Digital Collections). The access is restricted to Library Card holders of participating libraries including the following National Libraries (noting there is generally a residential requirement): Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Australia, State Library of NSW, and many University Libraries. ECCO may also be accessed from the British Library Reading Rooms.

• A List of the Company's civil servants, at their settlements in the East-Indies, the island St. Helena, and China. 1790, 1799. -HEIC lists of senior and junior merchants, factors, and writers
• Bengal calendar. 1787, 1789
• Bengal calendar & register. 1790
• Bengal kalendar and almanack. 1792
• Bengal kalendar and register. 1795, 1800
• Bengal or East-India calendar. 1795 includes details for Madras, Bombay etc
• Bengal register, containing lists of the Hon. Company's civil and military establishments, under the Presidency of Fort William 1787. HEIC employees in Bengal, including surgeons
• Calcutta monthly register. Vol 1, November 1790.
• East India kalendar; or, Asiatic register for Bengal, Madras, Bombay, Fort Marlborough, China, and St. Helena. 1791, 1793, 1794, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1800.
• Oriental magazine; or, Calcutta amusement. 1785

The Making of the Modern World

The Goldsmiths'-Kress Library of Economic Literature 1450-1850. A part of Gale Digital Collections. Similar access conditions apply as for ECCO, refer above.

In addition to volumes noted under The East India Directory and Register above, the following directories relating to India have been noted:

• A List of the Company's civil servants, at their settlements in the East-Indies, the island St. Helena, and China 1785
• East India kalendar; or, Asiatic register for Bengal, Madras, Bombay, Fort Marlborough, China, and St. Helena. 1791, 1792 (1791 is also available on ECCO)
• The Calcutta Star almanac and strangers’ guide in Calcutta : including commercial & trade list for MDCCCXLV. [1844?].

For further details about these two websites , refer Subscription websites-online newspapers, journals and directories

Who's Who In India

• Who’s Who in India containing Lives and Portraits of Ruling Chiefs, Nobles, Titled Personages and Other Eminent Indians Published by Newul Kishore Press, Lucknow. Edition de Luxe, Volume 1, Edition de Luxe, Volume 2 1911. Volume 2 Coronation Edition 1911. Archive.org
• Supplement to Who’s Who in India Popular Edition 1912 Archive.org
• Second Supplement to Who’s Who in India 1914. Popular Edition, Coronation Edition Archive.org.
• Who’s Who in India, Burma and Ceylon by Thos. Peters. Poona

9th Year of Issue [1938]. 10th Year of Issue [1939] Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.