Difference between revisions of "Gurkha War"

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Also known as the '''Anglo-Nepalese''', or '''Nepalese War''', or the '''Anglo-Nepal''', or '''Nepal War''' ('''Nepaul War''')
 +
 
== Summary ==
 
== Summary ==
 
{{War|name=Gurkha War|dates=1814-16 |image= |location=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal Nepal]|combatant1=[[East India Company]] |combatant2=Nepal |result=British victory |medal=[http://www.medals.org.uk/united-kingdom/united-kingdom104.htm  Army of India Medal 1799-1826], Clasp: Nepaul |category=[[:Category:Gurkha War 1814-16|Gurkha War]] |link1=}}
 
{{War|name=Gurkha War|dates=1814-16 |image= |location=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal Nepal]|combatant1=[[East India Company]] |combatant2=Nepal |result=British victory |medal=[http://www.medals.org.uk/united-kingdom/united-kingdom104.htm  Army of India Medal 1799-1826], Clasp: Nepaul |category=[[:Category:Gurkha War 1814-16|Gurkha War]] |link1=}}
 
{{Battlemap|war= the Gurkha War First Campaign|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Kashipur,+Udham+Singh+Nagar,+Uttarakhand,+India&msa=0&ll=29.242072,79.343262&spn=13.683842,15.930176&t=p&z=6&msid=101241150585833319689.00046ee1f12d649c6d1dd}}
 
{{Battlemap|war= the Gurkha War First Campaign|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Kashipur,+Udham+Singh+Nagar,+Uttarakhand,+India&msa=0&ll=29.242072,79.343262&spn=13.683842,15.930176&t=p&z=6&msid=101241150585833319689.00046ee1f12d649c6d1dd}}
 
{{Battlemap|war= the Gurkha War Second Campaign|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&t=p&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.00047921cf0eec22aecbd&ll=31.746854,82.155762&spn=13.339821,15.930176&z=6}}
 
{{Battlemap|war= the Gurkha War Second Campaign|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&t=p&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.00047921cf0eec22aecbd&ll=31.746854,82.155762&spn=13.339821,15.930176&z=6}}
−
In the latter part of the 18th century the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha#History Gurkhas] overran all of eastern Nepal, parts of Sikkim and in the west the Kumaon region. The British had recently taken over the [http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Oudh Kingdom of Oudh] and perceived a threat to their expansionist ambitions. They mounted a '''first campaign''' using four columns on two fronts starting on 1 November 1814. Poor leadership by three of the commanders led to early defeats by the Gurkhas. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101020492/ Colonel David Ochterlony's] determination and skill proved decisive however, and the Gurkhas were forced to surrender after the fall of Almora in April 1815.
+
In the latter part of the 18th century the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha#History Gurkhas] overran all of eastern Nepal, parts of Sikkim and in the west the Kumaon region. The British had recently taken over the [http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Oudh Kingdom of Oudh] and perceived a threat to their expansionist ambitions. They mounted a '''first campaign''' using four columns on two fronts starting on 1 November 1814. Poor leadership by three of the commanders led to early defeats by the Gurkhas. [[David Ochterlony|Colonel David Ochterlony's]] determination and skill proved decisive however, and the Gurkhas were forced to surrender after the fall of Almora in April 1815.
  
 
The Kathmandu government failed to ratify the treaty signed on 28 November 1815 and this led to a '''second campaign'''. Once again Ochterlony, with assistance from the King of Sikkim in the east, forced the Nepalese Army onto the defensive and after the [[Battle of Makwanpur]] the Gurkhas ratified the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugauli_Treaty Treaty of Sugauli] on 4 March 1816. Nepal ceded [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sikkim Sikkim], [[Kumaon]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwal Garhwal] together with a large part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terai Terai] lowlands.
 
The Kathmandu government failed to ratify the treaty signed on 28 November 1815 and this led to a '''second campaign'''. Once again Ochterlony, with assistance from the King of Sikkim in the east, forced the Nepalese Army onto the defensive and after the [[Battle of Makwanpur]] the Gurkhas ratified the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugauli_Treaty Treaty of Sugauli] on 4 March 1816. Nepal ceded [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sikkim Sikkim], [[Kumaon]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwal Garhwal] together with a large part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terai Terai] lowlands.
 +
 +
== Biographies ==
 +
Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography 1906<br>
 +
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/158/mode/2up/ William Gardner (1770-1835)]<br>
 +
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/166/mode/2up/ Robert Gillespie (1766-1814)]<br>
 +
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/196/mode/2up/ Hyder Young Hearsey (1766-1814)]<br>
 +
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/232/mode/2up/ Richard Kelly (1782/3-1840)]<br>
 +
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/276/mode/2up/ Gabriel Martindell (1755-1831)]<br>
 +
[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/320/mode/2up/ David Ochterlony (1758-1825)]<br>
 
   
 
   
 
== Field Forces 1814-15 ==
 
== Field Forces 1814-15 ==
−
'''Major-General Robert Rollo Gillespie's Column'''
+
'''[[Robert Rollo Gillespie|Major-General Robert Rollo Gillespie's]] Column'''
 
*1,000 European troops
 
*1,000 European troops
 
:*[[53rd Regiment of Foot|HM 53rd Foot]]
 
:*[[53rd Regiment of Foot|HM 53rd Foot]]
Line 14: Line 25:
 
:*A few dismounted dragoons
 
:*A few dismounted dragoons
 
*2,500 Native Infantry<br>
 
*2,500 Native Infantry<br>
−
'''Colonel David Ochterlony's Column'''
+
'''[[David Ochterlony|Colonel David Ochterlony's]] Column'''
 
*6,000 Native Infantry and Artillery
 
*6,000 Native Infantry and Artillery
 
:*Two 18-pounders
 
:*Two 18-pounders
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== Field Force 1816 ==
 
== Field Force 1816 ==
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''Commanded by [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101020492/ Maj Gen Sir David Ochterlony]''<br>
+
''Commanded by [[David Ochterlony|Maj Gen Sir David Ochterlony]]''<br>
 
'''Right Column'''<br>
 
'''Right Column'''<br>
−
''1st Brigade, Colonel Kelly, 24th Foot''
+
''1st Brigade, [http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/232/mode/2up/ Colonel Richard Kelly]'', 24th Foot
 
{|  
 
{|  
 
|-
 
|-
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|  849
 
|  849
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1st Btn, [[18th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|18th Native Infantry]]
+
|   [[36th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|1st Btn,18th Native Infantry]]
 
|  747
 
|  747
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  [[21st Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|1st Btn, 21st Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[41st Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|1st Btn, 21st Native Infantry]]
 
|  390
 
|  390
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  [[5th Regiment of Bengal (Light) Infantry|2nd Btn, 21st Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[42nd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|2nd Btn, 21st Native Infantry]]
 
|  437
 
|  437
 
|-
 
|-
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|  876
 
|  876
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  2nd Btn, [[4th Regiment of Rajput Infantry|4th Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[23rd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|2nd Btn, 4th Native Infantry]]
 
|  784
 
|  784
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  2nd Btn, [[8th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|8th Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[24th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|2nd Btn, 8th Native Infantry]]
 
|  784
 
|  784
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  2nd Btn, [[9th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|9th Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[21st Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|2nd Btn, 9th Native Infantry]]
 
|  810
 
|  810
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  2nd Btn, [[12th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|12th Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[1st Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|2nd Btn, 12th Native Infantry]]
 
|  894
 
|  894
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  2nd Btn, [[15th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|15th Native Infantry]]
+
|  2[[31st Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|nd Btn, 15th Native Infantry]]
 
|  805
 
|  805
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  2nd Btn, [[22nd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|22nd Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[44th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|2nd Btn, 22nd Native Infantry]]
 
|  860
 
|  860
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  2nd Btn, [[25th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|25th Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[50th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|2nd Btn, 25th Native Infantry]]
 
|  815
 
|  815
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  1st Btn, [[13th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|13th Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[26th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|1st Btn, 13th Native Infantry]]
 
|  425
 
|  425
 
|-
 
|-
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|  688
 
|  688
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  1st Btn, [[8th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|8th Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[9th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|1st Btn, 8th Native Infantry]]
 
|  724
 
|  724
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  2nd Btn, [[18th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|18th Native Infantry]]
+
|  [[37th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|2nd Btn, 18th Native Infantry]]
 
|  744
 
|  744
 
|-
 
|-
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War Gurkha War 1814-16] Wikipedia<br>
 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War Gurkha War 1814-16] Wikipedia<br>
 
[http://www.britishmedals.info/army_of_india_medal.html Army of India Medal] www.britishmedals.info
 
[http://www.britishmedals.info/army_of_india_medal.html Army of India Medal] www.britishmedals.info
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 +
== Historical books online ==
 +
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=e91GAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1  ''Military Sketches of the Goorka War, in India, in the Years 1814, 1815, 1816'']  1822 Google Books
 +
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas04indi#page/n15/mode/2up Nepal]  ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India: Volume 4  North and North-Eastern Frontier tribes'' by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1907 Archive.org
 +
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89070497664?urlappend=%3Bseq=147 "Nepaul War"] page 127 ''Considerations on the state of British India, embracing the subjects of colonization; missionaries; the state of the press; the Nepaul and Mahrattah wars; the civil government; and Indian Army'' by Lieutenant A. White, of the Bengal Native Infantry. 1822. Hathi Trust Digital Library
 +
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=BJdeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR69 ''Papers Respecting the Nepaul War''] printed by the East India Company 3rd March 1824 Google Books
 +
*[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JEgVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA204 Page 204] ''A Memoir of Major-General Sir R.R. Gillespie'' [by William Thorn] 1816 Google Books. Robert Rollo Gillespie commanded a Column in the Gurkha War where he was killed in 1814.
 +
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1970-the-anglo-gorkha-war-1814-1816-by-rana-s-pdf/ ''The Anglo-Gorkha War, 1814-1816''] by Netra Rajya Laxmi Rana 1970. Pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. If download button does not display, locate under Books/Nepal/1970
 +
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{{#widget:Google PlusOne
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|size=small
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|count=true
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}}
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[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|Gurkha War]]
 
[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|Gurkha War]]
 
[[Category:Gurkha War 1814-16| Gurkha War]]
 
[[Category:Gurkha War 1814-16| Gurkha War]]
 
[[Category:Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps|Gurkha War]]
 
[[Category:Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps|Gurkha War]]

Latest revision as of 22:54, 22 November 2019

Also known as the Anglo-Nepalese, or Nepalese War, or the Anglo-Nepal, or Nepal War (Nepaul War)

Summary

Gurkha War
1814-16
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Location: Nepal
Combatants:
East India Company Nepal
Result: British victory
Medals: Army of India Medal 1799-1826, Clasp: Nepaul
Links:
Category: Gurkha War
Battlemappic.gif See our interactive map of
the Gurkha War First Campaign
locations and routes on Google Maps
Battlemappic.gif See our interactive map of
the Gurkha War Second Campaign
locations and routes on Google Maps

In the latter part of the 18th century the Gurkhas overran all of eastern Nepal, parts of Sikkim and in the west the Kumaon region. The British had recently taken over the Kingdom of Oudh and perceived a threat to their expansionist ambitions. They mounted a first campaign using four columns on two fronts starting on 1 November 1814. Poor leadership by three of the commanders led to early defeats by the Gurkhas. Colonel David Ochterlony's determination and skill proved decisive however, and the Gurkhas were forced to surrender after the fall of Almora in April 1815.

The Kathmandu government failed to ratify the treaty signed on 28 November 1815 and this led to a second campaign. Once again Ochterlony, with assistance from the King of Sikkim in the east, forced the Nepalese Army onto the defensive and after the Battle of Makwanpur the Gurkhas ratified the Treaty of Sugauli on 4 March 1816. Nepal ceded Sikkim, Kumaon and Garhwal together with a large part of the Terai lowlands.

Biographies

Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography 1906
William Gardner (1770-1835)
Robert Gillespie (1766-1814)
Hyder Young Hearsey (1766-1814)
Richard Kelly (1782/3-1840)
Gabriel Martindell (1755-1831)
David Ochterlony (1758-1825)

Field Forces 1814-15

Major-General Robert Rollo Gillespie's Column

  • 1,000 European troops
  • 2,500 Native Infantry

Colonel David Ochterlony's Column

  • 6,000 Native Infantry and Artillery
  • Two 18-pounders
  • Ten 6-pounders
  • Four mortars and howitzers

Major-General John Sullivan Wood's Column

  • Seven 6 and 3-pounders
  • Four mortars and howitzers

Major-General Marley's Column

  • 8,000 troops
  • 907 HM 24th Foot
  • 2,000 Native Infantry
  • Four 18-pounders
  • Eight 6-pounders
  • Fourteen mortars and howitzers

Field Force 1816

Commanded by Maj Gen Sir David Ochterlony
Right Column
1st Brigade, Colonel Richard Kelly, 24th Foot

Military unit Rifles
HM 24th Foot 849
1st Btn,18th Native Infantry 747
1st Btn, 21st Native Infantry 390
2nd Btn, 21st Native Infantry 437
Chumparun Light Infantry 1,246
Total 3,669

Centre Column
3rd Brigade, Lt-Col Miller, 39th Foot, 24th Foot
4th Brigade, Col Dick, 39th Foot, 9th Native Infantry

Military unit Rifles
HM 24th Foot 876
2nd Btn, 4th Native Infantry 784
2nd Btn, 8th Native Infantry 784
2nd Btn, 9th Native Infantry 810
2nd Btn, 12th Native Infantry 894
2nd Btn, 15th Native Infantry 805
2nd Btn, 22nd Native Infantry 860
2nd Btn, 25th Native Infantry 815
1st Btn, 13th Native Infantry 425
Total 7,053

Left Column
2nd Brigade, Lt-Col Nicoll Kelly, 66th Foot

Military unit Rifles
HM 66th Foot 762
5th Grenadier Battalion 627
8th Grenadier Battalion 688
1st Btn, 8th Native Infantry 724
2nd Btn, 18th Native Infantry 744
Total 3,545
Grand Total 14,267

External Links

Gurkha War 1814-16 Wikipedia
Army of India Medal www.britishmedals.info

Historical books online

  • Military Sketches of the Goorka War, in India, in the Years 1814, 1815, 1816 1822 Google Books
  • Nepal Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India: Volume 4 North and North-Eastern Frontier tribes by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1907 Archive.org
  • "Nepaul War" page 127 Considerations on the state of British India, embracing the subjects of colonization; missionaries; the state of the press; the Nepaul and Mahrattah wars; the civil government; and Indian Army by Lieutenant A. White, of the Bengal Native Infantry. 1822. Hathi Trust Digital Library
  • Papers Respecting the Nepaul War printed by the East India Company 3rd March 1824 Google Books
  • Page 204 A Memoir of Major-General Sir R.R. Gillespie [by William Thorn] 1816 Google Books. Robert Rollo Gillespie commanded a Column in the Gurkha War where he was killed in 1814.
  • The Anglo-Gorkha War, 1814-1816 by Netra Rajya Laxmi Rana 1970. Pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. If download button does not display, locate under Books/Nepal/1970

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