Veterinary Surgeon

Information relating to Veterinary Surgeons.

An advice from Fort William dated April 12, 1827 advised that following the decision to appoint regularly educated Veterinary Surgeons, Sub -assistant Veterinary Surgeons were to be given the choice of taking their discharge, or of entering the subordinate branch of the medical staff.

Records

Veterinary Surgeons were initially (and at least until the 1860s and probably the 1880s) part of the Presidency Medical Departments, which became the Indian Medical Service and which in turn was part of the Army structure. Most listings of Surgeons and Assistant Surgeons will contain a list of Veterinary Surgeons at the end.

The British Library page, now archived, on the Indian Medical Service gives details of records.

Veterinary Surgeons of the Governor-General’s Bodyguard, page 296, Historical records of the Governor-General's Body Guard by Vernon Charles Paget Hodson 1910 Archive.org

Training

• The Madras Veterinary Establishment was set up in 1810 and boys from the Military Male Asylum and the Charity School were to be trained in the veterinary art, with the eventual rank of farriers.
• British Library catalogue entry IOR/F/4/738/20145 May 1796-Nov 1822 Further papers regarding the training establishment for veterinary students at Baliganj, [Ballygunge] Calcutta
• British Library catalogue entry IOR/F/4/661/18358 Mar 1821, in respect of Bengal: Appointment of J.T. Hodgson as Veterinary Surgeon to the Governor General's Body Guard - he is to select and train eight Assistant Apothecaries as Veterinary Surgeons for the Light Cavalry Regiments. Refer Apothecary - Duties.
  • Appointment of Veterinary Surgeon Mr Hodgson who is to train Assistant Apothecaries page 87 Historical records of the Governor-General's Body Guard by Vernon Charles Paget Hodson 1910 Archive.org
• British Library catalogue entry IOR/F/4/889/23120 Further papers regarding the veterinary training establishment at Baliganj [Ballygunge] (includes returns of students on 1 Jul 1823, and 1 Jan 1824, pp 12-13, 85-86)
• Page 3 of "History and Scope of Veterinary Medicine" (pdf) by MA Samad and MU Ahmed talks about the history of Veterinary Medicine in the Indian Sub- continent. It advises an Army Veterinary School was established at Poona in 1862, The first Veterinary College was set up at Babugarh in 1877, followed by Lahore in 1882, Bombay in 1886, and Madras and Calcutta in 1893
• Bombay Veterinary College was established 2 August 1886 according to this MAFSU(Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University) link. It also contains a paragraph about William Moorcroft in addition to historical information.
• The Madras Veterinary College TANUVAS

Individuals

William Moorcroft

William Moorcroft (Wikipedia) was the first English Veterinary Surgeon at Pusa. In describing the book Beyond Bokhara: The Life of William Moorcroft, Asian Explorer and Pioneer Veterinary Surgeon 1767-1825 by Garry Alder (1985), Bill Buxton states on his exploration website:

"This is the only biography of William Moorcroft, one of the great early explorers of the region north west of India. He was a veterinarian who came to India in 1808 as Superintendent of East India Company's horses. He traveled widely, ostensibly in search of breeding stock, but this was clearly more of a pretext than fact. He undertook a journey into western Tibet in 1812, across the Garhwal Himalaya to Lake Manasarowar, Mount Kailas region, the Rakas Tal, and Gartok. Moorcroft and Hearsey were the first Englishmen in the area.
"His next major trip was to Bokhara. He left British territory in 1820, for a trip that would last until 1825. Due to civil unrest in Afghanistan, he decided to go via Ladakh and Chinese Turkistan. He waited in Leh for permission from Kashgar, during which time he traveled and explored the greater part of Ladakh, the Karakoram Pass, the head-waters of the Yarkand River, the Western Himalaya, the Karakoram and the NW Frontier. In 1824, after deciding that permission would never come , he decided to go via Afghanistan, regardless of the civil conflict there. Traveled through Kashmir and Punjab, over the Khyber Pass, across the Oxus, and got to Bokhara. He died during the return trip."

Elsewhere on his site, Buxton gives a short, but fuller biography of Moorcroft, including a bibliography.

• Extract about William Moorcroft "The Horse Doctor" from the book Tournament of Shadows by Karl E. Meyer and Shareen Blair Brysac 1999. ls2content.tlcdelivers.com. Also available

Tournament of Shadows : the great game and the race for empire in Central Asia Archive.org Lending Library.

• "William Moorcroft’s Commercial Pilgrimage to Manasa Sarowara in 1812" by PJ Marczell, page 161 Recent Research on Ladakh 6: Proceedings of the Sixth International Colloquium on Ladakh, Leh 1993. Preview Google Books. pdf version adakhstudies.org
• "The Outsider" by Sepoy June 15, 2007 www.chapatimystery.com
• "William Moorcroft and the Journey of the Kashmir Shawl to Europe" by Zuhier Qureshion February 9, 2013 kashmircompany.com

Historical books available online include

• Travels in the Himalayan provinces of Hindustan and the Panjab, in Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz, and Bokhara from 1819 to 1825 by William Moorcroft and George Trebeck Volume 1, Volume 2 (Google Books).
• William Moorcroft Manuscript Transcripts PAHAR-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD)
• "Papers of the Late Mr. William Moorcroft" an article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Volume 1 1831, page 233. Archive.org
• "Across Afghanistan to Bokhara-Moorcroft" page 442 The Gates of India, being an Historical Narrative by Colonel Sir Thomas Holdich 1910 Archive.org

Others

• Listen to the 1977 interview with John Clabby, British officer served with Royal Army Veterinary Corps in India, 1933- 1947. Imperial War Museums. Interview 937.

Camels

Camels were also called oonts, the Hindustani word for both camel and camels.

External links

• "Development of Veterinary Work In India" by P M N. Informative short article held on website of Current Science, from Current Science Volume 6, Issue 11, May 1938, page 576. The article outlines the history of veterinary work in India from 1799 up to the 1930s and mentions the men who played a major role in its expansion, and is a summary of an address by Colonel Olver to the Indian Science Congress Silver Jubilee meeting in 1938.

Another summary of "Veterinary Science in India" by Sir Arthur Olver from Nature 141, 480-481 (12 March 1938).

The address by Sir Arthur Olver in his presidential address before the Section of Veterinary Research is in Proceedings Of The Twenty-fifth Indian Science Congress Part-ii 1938, page 315 which is available online, refer Historical books online, below.

• An Army Veterinary Department was established in 1884 (a very brief mention in The Tribune India Online). A Civil Veterinary Department was established from 1889. It seems that it was the Civil Veterinary Department that later became known as the Indian Veterinary Service or I.V.S. In 1923 a Commission into the Civil Services decided that there would be no further recruitment into the IVS and that in future the provincial governments would control and make appointments Pratiyogita Darpan/January 2007/1150 Google Books
• South Asia Archive & Library Group host a Powerpoint presentation given at their conference by Christopher Gill called "Veterinary Material in the National Library of Scotland’s India Papers Collection - A previously neglected resource for historical research", now an archived website. This link leads to a download which you may need to locate in your downloads folder.
• Army Remount Corps indiapicks.com
• "Thomas Hagger An Indian Army Veterinary Surgeon in Australia" by John Fisher commences page 5 of this Australian Veterinary History Society 1995 Newsletter pdf and mentions the trade in Australian horses to India c early 1840's.
• The Indian Veterinary Research Institute was established in 1889 as the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory.
• The Library of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons [UK] is located at Belgravia House, 62- 64 Horseferry Road, London SW1P 2AF. If you are unable to visit, the Library will carry out genealogical research on your behalf, for a fee. (retrieved 7 June 2014)
• "A Short History of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps" by Brigadier J. Clabby Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1976 Feb; 69(2): 93–96. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Alternative link journals.sagepub.com.

The author of this paper also wrote The History of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, 1919-1961 by J. Clabby 1963, available online if you have Hathi Trust University access.

History of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps museumofmilitarymedicine.org.uk

Historical books online

• Veterinary books online from the National Library of Scotland’s website Medical History of British India (India Papers collection)
• A Treatise on the Diseases and Breeding of Camels ... by James Alexander Ayton, late Brevet Captain in the Honorable Company’s Service. Calcutta 1828 Google Books. Based on information obtained from Goolaub, a superintendent of camels in the service of the Sikh chief of Puteealah.
• A practical memoir on the history and treatment of the diseases of the Elephant… by W Gilchrist, Assistant Surgeon, P C D, Hoonsoor, Madras Presidency, 1841 Google Books
• A practical memoir on the history and treatment of the diseases of the Camel … by W Gilchrist, Assistant Surgeon, Pub. Catt. Depot, Hoonsoor 1843 Google Books
• "Selection and Treatment of Elephants" page 365 The Highlands of Central India : notes on their forests and wild tribes, natural history, and sports by Captain J Forsyth, Bengal Staff Corps. 1919, first published 1871 Archive.org. The author was formerly Assistant Conservator of Forests, Central India.
• Materia Medica Veterinaria Indica Part-1 by J.H. Steel and T.J. Symonds 1885. Pdf download, KrishiKosh: Indian Agricultural Research Institute.

A manual of the diseases of the elephant and of his management and uses by John Henry Steel 1885 Archive.org

A manual of the diseases of the camel and of his management and uses by John Henry Steel 1890 Archive.org

• The Camel: its Uses and Management by Major Arthur Glyn Leonard, late 2nd East Lancashire Regiment. 1894 Archive.org
• Notes on Stable Management in India and the Colonies by Vety-Capt J A Nunn, late Principal Lahore Veterinary College, 2nd edition revised and enlarged with a glossary 1897 Archive.org
• Report on Surra of Equines, Bovines, Buffaloes and Canines…Volume II, Part 1 by Alfred Linguard Civil Veterinary Department, India. Published Bombay 1899. Archive.org
• Cow-keeping in India; a simple and practical book on their care and treatment, their various breeds, and the means of rendering them profitable by Isa Tweed 2nd edition 1900, first published 1891. Archive.org

Tweed's Cow-keeping In India 5th edition, revised by S N Sinha, 1931 Archive.org.

• Hints on horses : with short notes on camels and pack animals ; also a few practical suggetions on the training of polo ponies an players, and gymkhana training and racing by Major H P Young, late 4th Bombay Cavalry 3rd edition 1907
• Elephants and their diseases. A treatise on elephants by Lieut.-Colonel GH Evans , Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Burma 1910 Archive.org

Notes on elephants and their care by the late Mr W Hepburn. 2nd Impression 1919 (first published 1918? or 1913?) Rangoon. The author worked as Veterinary Surgeon to the BBTC Ltd (Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation). Digital Library University of Missouri.

• A description of the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory, Muktesar : its work and products by Major J D E Holmes. 1913 Archive.org. Investigation of the diseases of stock in India.
• Camel Corps Training. Provisional. 1913 London, HMSO 1913. British Library Digital Collection. With illustrations, which may be rotated if required.
• Pigeon Service Manual (Royal Air Force) Air Ministry publication HMSO 1919. British Library Digital Collection.
• Army Veterinary Service in War by Major-General Sir John Moore AVS 1921 Archive.org
  • "Chapter XI Camels" page 149
  • "Chapter XII Elephants" page 157
• The Army Veterinary Corps : its work and its needs, and how it is helped by the R.S.P.C.A by John Galsworthy 1915 Archive.org. Includes a section "The AVC at the Front"
• A History of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, 1796-1919 by Major-General Sir Frederick Smith , formerly Director-General Army Veterinary Service 1927 Archive.org. WW1 period from page 234.
• Out of Step: Events in the Two Lives of an Anti-Jewish Camel-Doctor by Arnold Spencer Leese. 1951 Archive.org. Born 1878, he worked in India c 1906-1912 for the Indian Civil Veterinary Department investigating camel diseases for the Indian Government , including brief periods at Muktesar Imperial Laboratory, (situated 50km from Naini Tal). However, most of the time was spent in field work in “the most empty parts” of North West India. He also worked with Silledar Camel Corps. In the late 1920s Leese became a British Fascist anti Jewish politician. His camel books are
  • "Tips" on camels for veterinary surgeons on active service by A.S. Leese 1918. Pdf download, KrishiKosh: Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
  • A Treatise on the One-Humped Camel in Health and in Disease by A S Leese 1927. The illustrations and chapters are described here. There were also two supplements. This book is available at the British Library, together with the Second Supplement 1943.
• The Elephant Lore of the Hindus Translated from the original Sanskrit by Franklin Edgerton 1931 Archive.org.
• The Indian Journal Of Veterinary Science And Animal Husbandry Vol. 1, Part. 2 1931. Archive.org mirror version, originally from Digital Library of India. More editions of this Journal are available online from the National Library of Scotland’s website, refer above.
• "Development of Veterinary Work In India", the address by Sir Arthur Olver in his presidential address before the Section of Veterinary Research is in Proceedings Of The Twenty-fifth Indian Science Congress Part-ii 1938, page 315 Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.