Difference between revisions of "1st Afghan War"

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*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=tVYSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP9  ''Accounts and Papers Afghanistan''. Session 2 February-24 August 1843 Volume XXXVII. [Also numbered Eighth volume<nowiki>]</nowiki> ''Further Papers relating to Military Operations in Affghanistan''] [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=tVYSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 Contents] Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=tVYSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP9  ''Accounts and Papers Afghanistan''. Session 2 February-24 August 1843 Volume XXXVII. [Also numbered Eighth volume<nowiki>]</nowiki> ''Further Papers relating to Military Operations in Affghanistan''] [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=tVYSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 Contents] Google Books
 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas03indi#page/n7/mode/2up ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India:Volume 3 Baluchistan and the First Afghan War''] by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1910 Archive.org
 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas03indi#page/n7/mode/2up ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India:Volume 3 Baluchistan and the First Afghan War''] by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1910 Archive.org
 +
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HMRGAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA6 Affghanistan: Official Despatch dated 4th October 1840] page 6  ‪''The Asiatic journal and monthly register for British and foreign India, China and Australasia''‬, Volume 34 January-April 1841 Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cpdJAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''History of the War in Afghanistan Vol I (1800-1841)''] by John William Kaye (1851)
 
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cpdJAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''History of the War in Afghanistan Vol I (1800-1841)''] by John William Kaye (1851)
 
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5NANAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP5&dq=History+of+the+War+in+Afghanistan+John+W.+Kaye+1851&cd=2#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''History of the War in Afghanistan Vol II (1841-1842)''] by John William Kaye (1851)
 
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5NANAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP5&dq=History+of+the+War+in+Afghanistan+John+W.+Kaye+1851&cd=2#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''History of the War in Afghanistan Vol II (1841-1842)''] by John William Kaye (1851)
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:*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FdUWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR25 Details of the Army of the Indus]
 
:*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FdUWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR25 Details of the Army of the Indus]
 
:*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FdUWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA423 Table of Routes of Army of the Indus 1838-39]
 
:*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FdUWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA423 Table of Routes of Army of the Indus 1838-39]
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*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=9MVFAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1  ''Outline of the Operations of the British Troops in Scinde and Afghanistan‬: ‪Betwixt Nov. 1838 and Nov. 1841; with Remarks on the Policy of the War'']‬ ‪by George Buist, Editor of the ''Bombay Times'' 1843 Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=_R8LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''History of the War in Affghanistan: From Its Commencement to Its Close''] edited by Charles Nash 1843 Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=_R8LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''History of the War in Affghanistan: From Its Commencement to Its Close''] edited by Charles Nash 1843 Google Books
 
*''History of the Afghans'' by J.P.Ferrier 1858 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZUkoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA327&dq=Akbar+Khan&hl=en&ei=6byQTZ_hJ4KLhQfi4-i7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter XXIII et seq 1st Anglo-Afghan War]
 
*''History of the Afghans'' by J.P.Ferrier 1858 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZUkoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA327&dq=Akbar+Khan&hl=en&ei=6byQTZ_hJ4KLhQfi4-i7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter XXIII et seq 1st Anglo-Afghan War]
 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/firstafghanwara00duragoog#page/n10/mode/2up ''The first Afghan war and its causes''] Sir Henry Durand 1879 (archive.org)
 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/firstafghanwara00duragoog#page/n10/mode/2up ''The first Afghan war and its causes''] Sir Henry Durand 1879 (archive.org)
 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/afghanwars18394200forbuoft#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Afghan Wars 1839-42 and 1878-80''] by Archibald Forbes 1892 (archive.org)
 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/afghanwars18394200forbuoft#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Afghan Wars 1839-42 and 1878-80''] by Archibald Forbes 1892 (archive.org)
 +
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XiEPAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Memorials+of+Affghanistan:+being+state+papers,+official+documents&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Memorials of Affghanistan''] by J H Stocqueler 1863 (Google Books)
 
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=HbnOJnQuE5kC&pg=PR1 ''Cabool: a personal narrative of a journey to and residence in that city in the years 1836, 7 and 8''] by  Sir Alexander Burnes 1842 Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=HbnOJnQuE5kC&pg=PR1 ''Cabool: a personal narrative of a journey to and residence in that city in the years 1836, 7 and 8''] by  Sir Alexander Burnes 1842 Google Books
 
*''Narrative of the Campaign of the Indus in Sind and Kaubool in 1838-9'' by Richard Hartley Kennedy M.D. Chief of the Medical Staff of the Bombay Division of the Army of the Indus. 1840 [http://books.google.com/books?id=BmVEAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover Volume 1], [http://books.google.com/books?id=UWVEAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover Volume 2] Google Books
 
*''Narrative of the Campaign of the Indus in Sind and Kaubool in 1838-9'' by Richard Hartley Kennedy M.D. Chief of the Medical Staff of the Bombay Division of the Army of the Indus. 1840 [http://books.google.com/books?id=BmVEAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover Volume 1], [http://books.google.com/books?id=UWVEAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover Volume 2] Google Books
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*[http://books.google.com/books?id=BUEoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''The military operations at Cabul: which ended in the retreat and destruction of the British army, January 1842. With a journal of imprisonment in Affghanistan''] by Lieut. Vincent Eyre, Bengal Artillery 1843 Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=BUEoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''The military operations at Cabul: which ended in the retreat and destruction of the British army, January 1842. With a journal of imprisonment in Affghanistan''] by Lieut. Vincent Eyre, Bengal Artillery 1843 Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uXYIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR20&dq=a+journal+of+the+disasters+in+afghanistan&cd=2#v=onepage&q=a%20journal%20of%20the%20disasters%20in%20afghanistan&f=false ''A Journal of the Disasters in Affghanistan 1841-2''] by Lady Sale 1844
 
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uXYIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR20&dq=a+journal+of+the+disasters+in+afghanistan&cd=2#v=onepage&q=a%20journal%20of%20the%20disasters%20in%20afghanistan&f=false ''A Journal of the Disasters in Affghanistan 1841-2''] by Lady Sale 1844
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*[http://books.google.com/books?id=ex0LAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Sale's+brigade+in+Afghanistan&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Sale's Brigade in Afghanistan: with an Account of the Seizure and Defence of Jellalabad'']  by George Robert Gleig 1846 Google Books<br>
 +
 
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12863/12863-h/12863-h.htm ''Campaign of the Indus in a series of letters by an officer in the Bombay Division''] (Gutenberg.org) [http://www.google.com/books?id=U3YIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Google Books edition] 1840. The author, T.W.E. Holdsworth,  was an officer in the [[2nd Regiment of Foot]]
 
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12863/12863-h/12863-h.htm ''Campaign of the Indus in a series of letters by an officer in the Bombay Division''] (Gutenberg.org) [http://www.google.com/books?id=U3YIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Google Books edition] 1840. The author, T.W.E. Holdsworth,  was an officer in the [[2nd Regiment of Foot]]
 
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Q9wRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA221  Part 1: Affghanistan, 1839—Gwalior, 1843-44] from  "Memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Marion Durand, K.C.S.I., C.B., R.E." by Lieutenant C.R, Low, (late) Indian Navy, page 221 ''Colburn's United Service Magazine and Naval and Military Journal, 1871 Part 1'' Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Q9wRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA221  Part 1: Affghanistan, 1839—Gwalior, 1843-44] from  "Memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Marion Durand, K.C.S.I., C.B., R.E." by Lieutenant C.R, Low, (late) Indian Navy, page 221 ''Colburn's United Service Magazine and Naval and Military Journal, 1871 Part 1'' Google Books
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*[http://www.archive.org/stream/memoirsandcorre01nottgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''Memoirs and Corresponence of Major-General Sir William Nott GCB Vol II''] by J H Stocqueler 1854 (archive.org)
 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/memoirsandcorre01nottgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''Memoirs and Corresponence of Major-General Sir William Nott GCB Vol II''] by J H Stocqueler 1854 (archive.org)
 
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=x8dFAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR3 ''‪Diary of a March Through Sinde and Affghanistan‬: ‪With the Troops Under the Command of General Sir William Nott, and Sermons Delivered on Various Occasions During the Campaign of 1842''] by Rev Isaac Nicholson Allen‬, Assistant Chaplain on the Hon. East India Company’s Bombay Establishment ‪ 1843 Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=x8dFAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR3 ''‪Diary of a March Through Sinde and Affghanistan‬: ‪With the Troops Under the Command of General Sir William Nott, and Sermons Delivered on Various Occasions During the Campaign of 1842''] by Rev Isaac Nicholson Allen‬, Assistant Chaplain on the Hon. East India Company’s Bombay Establishment ‪ 1843 Google Books
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*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=emPU4bkACBYC&pg=PP7 ‪''Rough Notes of the Campaign in Sinde and Affghanistan‬, ‪In 1838-39''‬] by Captain James Outram, Political Agent in Sinde. 1840 Google Books
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*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qhwLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Narrative of Services in Beloochistan & Affghanistan in the Years 1840, 1841 & 1842''] by Colonel Lewis Robert Stacy, Bengal Native Infantry 1848 Google Books
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*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=klhEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Scenes and Adventures in Affghanistan''] by William Taylor, Troop Serjeant Major of the Fourth Light Dragoons 1842 Google Books
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*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OhMFAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Scenes+of+a+Soldiers+Life&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Scenes in a Soldier's Life''] by J H Wilton 1848 (Google Books)
 +
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/zeilafairmaidofc00mack#page/n5/mode/2up  ''Zeila, the fair maid of Cabul. A tale of the Affghan insurrection and the massacre of the British troops in the Khoord-Cabul passes''] by Charles Finch Mackenzie 1850 (archive.org)
 
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=W4Y4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA327 ''A Narrative of the Affghan War'' , in a series of letters of the late Colonel Dennie: Part I],  [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=W4Y4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA459 Part II-Conclusion]  page  327 and pages 459-484  ''The Dublin University Magazine'', Volume 20, July –December 1842 Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=W4Y4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA327 ''A Narrative of the Affghan War'' , in a series of letters of the late Colonel Dennie: Part I],  [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=W4Y4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA459 Part II-Conclusion]  page  327 and pages 459-484  ''The Dublin University Magazine'', Volume 20, July –December 1842 Google Books
 
:[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=dckDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Personal Narrative of the Campaigns in Affghanistan, Sinde, Beloochistan, etc. Detailed in a series of letters of the late Colonel William H. Dennie, C.B''.] 1843 Google Books. Includes additions and corrections to the content appearing in the ''Dublin University Magazine''.
 
:[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=dckDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Personal Narrative of the Campaigns in Affghanistan, Sinde, Beloochistan, etc. Detailed in a series of letters of the late Colonel William H. Dennie, C.B''.] 1843 Google Books. Includes additions and corrections to the content appearing in the ''Dublin University Magazine''.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=ex0LAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Sale's+brigade+in+Afghanistan&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Sale's Brigade in Afghanistan: with an Account of the Seizure and Defence of Jellalabad'']  by George Robert Gleig 1846 Google Books<br>
 
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XiEPAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Memorials+of+Affghanistan:+being+state+papers,+official+documents&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Memorials of Affghanistan''] by J H Stocqueler 1863 (Google Books)
 
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OhMFAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Scenes+of+a+Soldiers+Life&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Scenes in a Soldier's Life''] by J H Wilton 1848 (Google Books)
 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/zeilafairmaidofc00mack#page/n5/mode/2up  ''Zeila, the fair maid of Cabul. A tale of the Affghan insurrection and the massacre of the British troops in the Khoord-Cabul passes''] by Charles Finch Mackenzie 1850 (archive.org)
 
 
*''Life of the Amîr Dost Mohammed Khan, of Kabul Volume 2'' by Mohan Lal 1846 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0dUWAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Events relating to the 1st Afghan War] Google Books
 
*''Life of the Amîr Dost Mohammed Khan, of Kabul Volume 2'' by Mohan Lal 1846 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0dUWAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Events relating to the 1st Afghan War] Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=10EoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133''Recollections of Four Years Service in the East with H M Fortieth Regiment'']- Afghanistan from 1841, page 133 by John Martin Bladen Neill (1845) Google Books. The title of the book includes the wording "The Operations of the Candahar Division of "The Avenging Army Of Affghanistan" in 1841 and 1842"
 
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=10EoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133''Recollections of Four Years Service in the East with H M Fortieth Regiment'']- Afghanistan from 1841, page 133 by John Martin Bladen Neill (1845) Google Books. The title of the book includes the wording "The Operations of the Candahar Division of "The Avenging Army Of Affghanistan" in 1841 and 1842"

Revision as of 14:07, 18 June 2014

1st Afghan War
1839-42
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
150px-Shah Shujah of Afghanistan.jpg
Location: Afghanistan
Combatants:
East India Company Afghan tribes
Result:
Disastrous defeat of first invasion
Qualified success of second invasion
Medals:
Ghuznee 1839
Jellalabad 1841-42
Defence of Kelat-I-Ghilzie 1842
Candahar
Cabul and Ghuznee 1842-43
Links:
Category: 1st Afghan War
Invasion of the HEIC Army
General Sale's March from Kabul to Jalalabad
Kabul Uprising
Retreat from Kabul to Gandamak
The Army of Retribution March to Kabul
The Withdrawal from Afghanistan


Battlemappic.gif See our interactive map of
Invasion of the HEIC Army
locations and routes on Google Maps
Battlemappic.gif See our interactive map of
The March from Kabul to Jalalabad
locations and routes on Google Maps
Battlemappic.gif See our interactive map of
Kabul Uprising and
The Retreat from Kabul to Gandamak
locations and routes on Google Maps
Battlemappic.gif See our interactive map of
The Captivity of the Hostages
locations and routes on Google Maps
Battlemappic.gif See our interactive map of
General Nott at Kandahar
locations and routes on Google Maps
Battlemappic.gif See our interactive map of
The Army of Retribution March to Kabul
locations and routes on Google Maps
Battlemappic.gif See our interactive map of
The Evacuation of Kandahar
locations and routes on Google Maps
Battlemappic.gif See our interactive map of
Withdrawal from Afghanistan
locations and routes on Google Maps

THE 1ST ANGLO-AFGHAN WAR 1839-42

Synopsis

In the face of a perceived threat of expansion of the Russian Empire, Britain sought to secure the northwestern borders of British India by establishing Afghanistan as an ally and buffer. The Governor-General of India, Lord Auckland, knew little of the politics of India or Afghanistan. Despite advice from Alexander Burnes in Kabul to support Amir Dost Mohammed, he was persuaded by William Macnaghten and Claude Wade that regime change was necessary. Under the pretext of restoring the former ruler Shah Shuja to the throne the British assembled an invading army. 21,000 troops under Sir John Keane entered Afghanistan via Quetta occupying Kandahar and Kabul. The ruling Amir Dost Mohammad Khan was defeated and exiled to India. Shah Shujah was installed but it became clear that he did not have popular support and he was subsequently murdered.

In January 1842 there was a general uprising in Kabul and the invaders were besieged in the military cantonment. With only a few days supplies left, the Britsh were forced to agree terms dictated by Mohammad Akbar Khan the son of Dost Mohammad.This led to the disastrous retreat to Gundamak and the Siege of Jalalabad. A second invasion by the Army of Retribution was launched under Maj-Gen George Pollock. General William Nott advanced from Kandahar meeting Pollock and recapturing Kabul. After releasing British prisoners and destroying Kabul bazaar the British returned to India.

Related articles

For the sequence of events see 1st Afghan War Timeline
For further details see the following main articles:

Troop Strength

1st Army of the Indus (Bengal) under Maj-Gen Sir Willoughby Cotton 9,500
2nd Reserve Division at Ferozepore under Maj-Gen Duncan 4,250
3rd Shah Shooja ul Mulk’s Contingent 6,000
4th Bombay Force under HE Lt-Gen Sir John Keane 5,600
5th Bombay Reserve (Sind Force) 3,000
_______
To act in Sind & Afghanistan 28,350
6th The Shahzada’s Force 4,800
7th Sikh Contingent 6,000
To move from Peshawar to Kabul 10,800
_______
Total 39,150
8th Sikh Army of Observation at Peshawar 10,800
_______
Grand total 54,150

Casualties

Names of fallen officers from the British Army and native forces can be found on Stephen Lewis' Officers Died site.
(Note: this link refers wrongly to Maj-Gen Sir Howard Elphinstone. It should be Maj-Gen William Elphinstone.)

Biographies

Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography 1906:

Augustus Abbott (1804-1867)
James Airey (1812-1898)
Mahommed Akbar Khan (1813?-1849)
Thomas Anquetil (1781-1842)
Lord Auckland (1784-1849)
Paolo Avitabile (1791-1850)
Captain George Broadfoot (1807-1845)
William Brydon (1811-1873)
Alexander Burnes (1805-1841)
Willoughby Cotton (1783-1860)
William Dennie (1785?-1842)
Richard England (1793-1883)
Lord Ellenborough (1790-1871)
William Elphinstone (1782-1842)
Vincent Eyre (1811-1881)
John Haughton (1817-1887)
John Keane (1781-1844)
George Lawrence (1804-1884)
George Macgregor (1810-1883)
Colin Mackenzie (1806-1881)
William Macnaghten (1793-1841)
John McCaskill (?-1845)
Thomas Monteath (Douglas) (1787-1868)
William Nott (1782-1845)
George Pollock (1786-1872)
Eldred Pottinger (1811-1843)
Henry Rawlinson (1810-1895)
Abraham Roberts (1784-1873)
John Shelton (?-1845)
Shah Shuja (1780?-1842)
Robert Sale (1782-1845)
Claude Wade (1794-1861)
Thomas Willshire (1789-1862)
George Wymer (1788-1868)

Recommended Reading

  • "Return of a King: The Battle for Afghanistan" by William Dalrymple 2013 ISBN 978 1 4088 1830 5
  • "The First Afghan War 1838-1842" by J A Norris 1967 ISBN 0521130964
  • "First Afghan War" by H Durrand 1879 ISBN 818650530X. Also available to read online, refer below

Images

Portraits of the principle protagonists - plates from Return of a King www.williamdalrymple.uk.com

External Links

Library.gif The FIBIS Google Books Library
has books tagged:
1st Afghan War Afghanistan

Historical books online

Note: The Sketches were published as a separate book Sketches in Afghaunistan, 1842 consisting of 26 lithographs. NYPL Digital Gallery. The British Library Online Gallery also contains many works including a watercolour of plate 7 "The opening into the narrow Pass above the Siri Bolan" ( Search for other images)
  • The Campaign in Affghanistan, Journal of an Officer of the Army of the Indus by Captain Ogle HM 4th Lt Drags published 1840 and 1841 in the Asiatic Journal (Google Books)
Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3 Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 7
Personal Narrative of the Campaigns in Affghanistan, Sinde, Beloochistan, etc. Detailed in a series of letters of the late Colonel William H. Dennie, C.B. 1843 Google Books. Includes additions and corrections to the content appearing in the Dublin University Magazine.

Map

Map of Afghanistan Imperial Gazetteer Atlas 1909

Podcast

1st Afghan War - Lecture by Jules Stewart National Archives