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=== Administrative system ===
The cohesion of the Mughal empire depended on the qualities of the emperor around whom everything revolved. The administration was given entirely at his whim to a hierarchy of subordinate officials. The posts were randomly appointed and the recipients had no specific training or examination as in unlike the Chinese civil service. More often than not they were gained through political manoeuvring and bribery. None of the posts was hereditary making the emperor's favour even more necessary.
==== Vakil ====
The ''Vakil'' was the royal deputy. It was a post filled only twice under the seven great Mughal emperors. Other ranks were in descending order:
The ''Wazir'' (anglicised to vizier) was the second highest rank. He was the chief executive of the empire with varying powers. Again the post was not always filled.
==== Diwan ====
The ''Diwan'' was the finance minister responsible for collection of revenue and remittance of it to the imperial treasury. The office was sometimes combined the that of ''Vizier''. The ''Diwani'' (revenue office) was conferred on the [[East India Company]] by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Alam_II Shah Alam] in 1765. This greatly enhance enhanced the power of the British in India. In later years the term ''Diwan'' was also used for the prime minister of a [[Princely states|princely state]].
==== Mir Bakshi ====
The ''Mir Bakshi'' was the paymaster-general and the administrator of the army.
====Amir ====
All ''Mansabdars'' were titled ''Amir'' (commander). They were graded in military fashion ranging from Commander of 7,000 to Commander of 20. ''Amir-i-Azam'' (greater nobles) commanded 7,000 to 3,000. ''Amir'' (noble) commanded 2,500 to 500. Mansabdar commanded 400 to 20.
==== Zamindar ====
In the Mughal era the [[zemindar|''zamindar'']] (ground holder) was an official who collected taxes from the peasants. Subsequently the term came to mean a hereditary landholder and, under the British administration, was a landlord who passed taxes to the authorities while keeping a portion for himself. The ''zamindar'' was not infrequently the cause of oppression of the farmers.
==== Ryot ====
In the Mughal era ''Ryot'' was the term used to describe a permanent resident cultivator. He paid taxes to the ''zamindar'' and was on the lowest rung of the ladder.
=== Remuneration ===
Payment of the ''mansabdars'' by the emperor was by ''naqdi'' (cash) or the revenue of a ''jagir'' (land holding). Personal fortunes could not be passed to children but reverted to the emperor. This discouraged Amirs from investing in property and led to expenditure on extravagant lifestyles.
==== Jagir ====
The ''Jagir'' was the right granted by the emperor to recover revenue from a tract of land. The grantee was called a ''Jagirdar''. The yield of the ''jagir'' was set by revenue officers and was often inflated. It could also be altered by influence or bribery. The grant could be terminated by the emperor at any time and could not be handed down to children. This meant that the ''jagirdar'' had no interest in improving the land or supporting the farmers, only in extracting as much revenue as possible.
=== Territory ===
The ''Thana'' was a sub-divion of the ''Faujdari'' and was overseen by a ''Thanedar''.
==External links = Remuneration ===== Wikipedia ====[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire Mughal Empire]<br />Payment of the ''mansabdars'' by the emperor was by ''naqdi'' (cash) or the revenue of a ''jagir'' (land holding)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkar Sarkar]<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan Dewan]<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi Qazi]<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhtasib Muhtasib]<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansabdar Mansabdar]<br /> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emir Amir]<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagir Jagir]<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamindar Zamindar]<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryot Ryot]<br />
== External links Reference ==[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire With acknowledgements to ''The Mughal Empire] Wikipedia<br />[httpWorld://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkar Sarkar] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan Dewan] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi Qazi] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhtasib Muhtasib] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipediaIndia's Tainted Paradise'' by Abraham Eraly 2008 published by Phoenix ISBN 9780753823620 which was the source of much of the detail in this article.org/wiki/Mansabdar Mansabdar] Wikipedia<br />
[[Category:Government and Administration]]
[[Category: Mughal Empire]]
