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'''Poona''' is a city about 100km south-east was the headquarters of [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_171.gif Poona District] in the Central division of [[Bombay(Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] (now Mumbai), which was formerly the largest garrison town in the Deccan for during the British period. See [[British ArmyBombay Districts]]. It was a popular social retreat for residents of Bombay. In recent times it has been famous for being an important junction where the birthplace of the British comedian Spike Milligan, and metre gauge [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] met the ashram broad gauge of the Orange People (followers of Sri Rajneesh)[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]].
The Pune Poona Municipality was established in 1858. Pune and was at one time the "monsoon capital" of the [[Bombay Presidency]], and was the Headquarters of British District of the Central Division (District Officers and Commissioners).
[[Image:Poona StPauls Church.jpg|thumb|right|200px|St Paul's Church]]*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary's_Church,_Pune St Mary’s Church ] est 1825 originally, mainly for the officers and soldiers of the British, along with their families located in the military cantonment(the latter also known as the camp).
===Historical Books Online===Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency Archive.org*[http://wwwdsal.archiveuchicago.orgedu/streamreference/cu31924070623677#pagegazetteer/n5/mode/2up Volume 18, Part 1, Poona] 1885*[http://wwwpager.archivehtml?volume=20&objectid=DS405.org/stream/cu31924070623685#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 18, Part 2, Poona] 1885*[http://www1.archiveI34_V20_187.org/stream/gazetteer13pregoog Volume 18, Part 3, gif PoonaCity] 1885Digital East Asia Library: The Imperial Gazetteer of India*[http://dsalencyclopedia.uchicagojrank.eduorg/referencePOL_PRE/gazetteer/ POONA_or_PUNA.html| Poona] 1908 ===Other=== Encyclopedia.org 1911
*[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Poona "Poona"] ''LoveToKnow 1911''
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poona "Pune"] ''Wikipedia''
remove links breaking guidelines - blogs etc
|transport= [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<br>[[Southern Mahratta Railway]]
}}
{{Places of Interest|title=Poona|name=Poona |link=https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=211401480495186034184.0004d2ca7085a745dbddd&msa=0&ll=18.508602,73.898249&spn=0.004115,0.004334}}
'''Poona''' is a city about 100km south-east of [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), which was a popular social retreat for residents of Bombay as well as formerly the largest garrison town in the Deccan for the [[British Army]]. The British comedian, Spike Milligan, spent his childhood there (his father was in the [[Royal Artillery]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=-UIBNTzdi6oC&pg=PT16 "Chapter 1: Beginnings"] ''Milligan's Meaning of Life: An Autobiography of Sorts'' by Spike Milligan, edited by Norma Farnes. 2011. Google Books.</ref>). There was also another cantonment nearby, at [[Kirkee]].
Modern Pune is lies on the west side of the Deccan plateau beneath the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range). It located where at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers meet. Known then for its textiles and metal working, it is now the sixth largest city in India, with India's largest student population. Poona was an important junction where , and site of the metre gauge [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] met ashram of the broad gauge Orange People (followers of the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]Sri Rajneesh).
== History ==
After the Peshwas were defeated at the [[Battle of Poona]] on 17/18 November 1817 (aka: Battle of Yeraoda) between the British and the Marathas near Poona in the [[3rd Maratha War]] the city was seized. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency. The British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (still used by the Indian Army).
The arrival of the railways opened up communication routes to Bombay which had been , previously constrained by the terrain.
== Spelling Variants ==
Modern name: Pune<br>
Variants: Puna/Poona/Poonah<br>
[[Image:Western India Club Poona.jpg|300px|thumb|Western India Club, Poona]]
==FIBIS Resources==
*[[:Category:Poona images|Images of Poona]]
*FIBIS database [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=2357&s_id=694 Dhobi Ghat Cemetery, Poona]. Inscriptions have been transcribed from gravestones at the cemetery. Images, (by Mr Rajat Sharma who was commissioned by FIBIS), are also available, which are part of the [https://www.fibis.org/about-2/cemeteries/cemeteries-project/ FIBIS Cemeteries Project], and may be ordered for a modest donation.
*FIBIS database [https://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=1465&s_id=694 St Sepulchre Cemetery, Pune] Indexes to miscellaneous donated images, with images
==English Quarters==
*Deccan Club - mixed Indian and English members
*Sanvarjanik Sabha and Deccan Sabah- Indian members
==Volunteer Regiment==
*[[Poona Rifles]]
==Education==
*The Free Church Mission for Girls Vernacular School est 1882 in Aditvar Peth
*The Bene-Israel Girls Vernacular School in Rastya Peth est 1882
*The 'posher' schools in Poona in the 1940s : Protestant schools were Bishops School for boys and St Marys School for girls. Both these were adjacent to St Mary's Anglican Church; Catholic Schools were the Convent of Jesus and Mary for girls and St VIncents for boys. Both were adjacent to St Xaviers Church.<ref>Taylor, Rosemary. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929040046/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india.rootsweb.com/thread/1315599/ Public schools in India] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 10 March 2011, archived.</ref>
==Hospitals==
==Churches==
*Christ Church opened by Scottish Missionaries 1831
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Patrick's_Cathedral,_Poona St.Patrick's Church Cathedral] est 1850
*Church of the Immaculate Conception, est 1854
*St.Xavier's Church est 1864
*The St.Andrew's Church est 1864, was built to cater to the British Army personnel and their families belonging to the Church of Scotland. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0HuDaIDGD0 St.Andrew's Church,Khadki,Pune] You Tube. Baptism and Marriage registers are now wth St Andrew's Church, [[Calcutta#Churches and missions|Calcutta]]
*All Saints Church est 1869 (Birth, Death, Marriage and Baptism registers are all available since 1869) a military church at the Kirkee cantonment
*Methodist Marathi Church est 1872.
*Jewish Synagogue
*United Free Church
*St Paul's Church
==Cemeteries==
[[Image:DSC 0295.jpeg|300px|thumb| St Sepulchre Cemetery (East Gate), Poona 2011]]
*Sangam (near the old Residency)
*St Pauls Church
*Sholapur Road
*Kirkee Memorial for 1,800 servicemen who died in India during the First World War, who are buried in civil and cantonment cemeteries in India and Pakistan
*Kirkee War Cemetery contains 1668 Commonwealth burials from the Second World War - many graves have been reinterred at Kirkee from other sites in western and central India *St Sepulchre's Cemetery. See FIBIS Resources above for images and transcriptions. Thought to contain both Protestant and Roman Catholic graves.<ref>James, Leslie. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929031355/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india.rootsweb.com/thread/4206490/ St Patrick's RC Cathedral Poona] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 20 June 2007, archived.</ref> In the 1980s burial registers were available at the gatehouse<ref>James, Leslie. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929040355/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india.rootsweb.com/thread/2240628/ Anybody Heading Down The Family Trail This Holiday???] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 14 November 2009, archived.</ref>, but at a visit in 2011 these were no longer available, and the East part of the cemetery was a jungle infested with snakes.<ref>Bourne, Edmund [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929022938/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india.rootsweb.com/thread/785919/ trip to India] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 15 March 2012, archived.</ref> Some general cemetery images may be seen [[:Category:Poona cemetery images|here]].
==Newspapers==
European newspapers were the ''Deccan Herald'', and ''Poona Observer''.
== External links ==
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/ourtroublesinpoo00crawuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Our Troubles in Poona and the Deccan] A Crawford 1897. A colourful account of local characters and their relationships with the English
*[http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/495 ''Deccan Queen: A Spatial Analysis of Poona in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries''] by Wayne Thomas Mullen. Sydney University Digital Theses 26 March 2006. A thesis which is “structured around the analysis of a model that describes the Cantonment, the Civil Lines, the Sadr Bazar and part of the Native City of the Western Indian settlement of Poona in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries”
*[http://www.punediary.com/html/churches.html "Churches"] ''punediary: churches''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190117002842/http://www.virtualpune.com/html/channel/status/christ/christ.shtml "Churches"] ''virtualpune: churches'', now an archived webpage.
*[http://www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=146500&mode=1 "Commonwealth War Graves in Poona"]
*St Mary’s Church Pune website, archived, includes [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929042007/http://stmaryschurchpune.in/history/ History] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929042032/http://stmaryschurchpune.in/archives/ Archives] with details of graves and memorials. This church is now part of the Church of North India.
*[http://www.smspune.com/?page_id=1157 St Mary’s School, Pune] Established in 1866, the School was run until 1977 by the Sisters of the Community of St. Mary the Virgin, an Anglican order based in Wantage, England. The abbreviation Sr C S M V was used. Also see [[Nurse#Religious Orders|Nurse-Religious Orders]] for brief details of this order.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101222021523/http://www.veritas.ie/Books/Social_Issues/General-j/The_Curious_Mind/9781847302007/details3.aspx An Indian Boyhood: Spike Milligan recalls growing up in India in the 1920s] including Poona. (scroll down) veritas.ie archived webpage. His father was a sergeant in the British Army.
:[https://web.archive.org/web/20210318090833/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1386241/Spike-Milligan.html Spike Milligan [Obituary<nowiki>]</nowiki>] 28 February 2002 ''The Telegraph'', archived.
*Wikipedia article [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapekar_brothers Chapekar brothers] gives details of the 1896-1897 bubonic plague epidemic in Poona, and the murder of W C Rand, I. C. S, Chairman of the Special Plague Committee
*[http://www.deccancollegepune.ac.in/museum_maratha_history.asp Maratha History Museum at the Deccan College, Pune]
*[http://www.25thlondon.com/hpalbum/148_-_Poona_Post_Office.html Photograph: Poona Post Office] c 1918 25thlondon.com. Retrieved 25 August 2014
*[http://www.25thlondon.com/hpalbum/151_-_Poona_-_Willingdon_Soldiers_club.html Photograph: Poona - Willingdon Soldiers club] c 1918 25thlondon.com. Retrieved 25 August 2014
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/38811045@N04/ Photographs: Kirkee War Cemetery] includes Memorial panels. Taken July 4, 2005 by Paul C A Nixon. Flickr.com
*[http://www.slideshare.net/avinash15/old-pune-2 Slideshow of photographs : Old Pune] by Avinash Bhondwe. slideshare.net. Retrieved 29 August 2014. The photographs are listed by number (scroll down the webpage)- enter the number in the relevant box, and click on Enter on your computer. Click the icon beside the number box to enlarge. Includes
**St Mary’s Church, Pune 176, 178-182, 292; Poster for Poona Races 609
*[http://www.rafweb.org/Stations/Stations-P.htm#Poona RAF Poona] rafweb.org (retrieved 1 July 2014)
====Historical Books Online====
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=SD1cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA21 Poonah January 1840] page 21 ''The Diary of Sergeant William Hall, …, late of Her Majesty’s Forty-First Regiment, containing The Incidents connected with two years campaign in Scinde and Affghanistan during the late War''. c 1848 Google Books
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/446/mode/2up Poona and Kirkee] page 447 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'' Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623677#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 18, Part 1, Poona] 1885
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623685#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 18, Part 2, Poona] 1885
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/gazetteer13pregoog Volume 18, Part 3, Poona] 1885
*[https://archive.org/details/ourtroublesinpoo00crawrich/page/n7 ''Our Troubles in Poona and the Deccan''] by Arthur Crawford 1897 Archive.org. There was a 1987 edition of what appears to be this book published in India with the title page ''History of Poona and Deccan in a perspective'' by Archur Crawford, [https://archive.org/details/historyofpoonade0000craw/page/n5 Archive.org Lending Library]
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ Poona] ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' 1908 Digital South Asia Library
*[http://archive.org/stream/handbooktravelle00john#page/342/mode/2up "Map of Poona and Kirkee"] between pages 342 and 343, ''A Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon'' published by John Murray, London Eighth Edition 1911 Archive.org.
*''Poona Directory and Guide 1904 '' (Times of India), "Corrected to 15 June 1904" [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83767 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/poonaguidedirect00poon#page/n13/mode/2up ''The Poona Guide and Directory''] 1922 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/poonaguidedirect00poon#page/2/mode/2up Poona Cantonment], page 2
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/poonaguidedirect00poon#page/42/mode/2up Officers in the Poona Rifles], page 43
*[https://archive.org/stream/fliesinrelationt00grah#page/138/mode/2up Page 139] ''Flies in Relation to Disease: non-bloodsucking flies'' by G. S. Graham- Smith. 1913 Archive.org. There is a description of the “place where the sewage of Poona was deposited” c 1905 and the connection with enteric (which includes typhoid) fever.
*[https://archive.org/details/LocalHistoryOfPoona '' A Local History Of Poona and its Battlefields''] by Colonel L W Shakespear (AQMG 6th Poona Division). 1916 Archive.org
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]
