Historic Guns of British India

Historic Guns of British India

The information in this article has been provided by Elizabeth Hancox, FIBIS member and acknowledged expert on guns.

The Bhurtpore Gun

THE FATHER OF VICTORY

This gun is 16ft 4ins long and weighs about 171/2 tons; the calibre is 8ins. Tradition has maintained that the precious metals enter into its composition; but analysis of metal taken from three places dispelled this idea. The metal is variable; it contains 9% to 15% lead, with traces of arsenic and antimony; the other components are 3% to 5% of tin, and the remainder copper. It is remarkable, however, that the exterior of the breech is of a totally different metal from the body of the gun, being in fact brass, containing nearly 37% of zinc, and has been cast over the body of the gun subsequently to the first completion of it, as one of the ornamental scrolls is partly covered by it.

THE CELEBRATED ‘BHURTPORE GUN’ AT WOOLWICH

This trophy was confided to the two corps of Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers, by His Majesty George IV. in 1828. It bears the following inscriptions: On the Chase. ‘The Father of Victory’ ‘The Reviver of Religion’ ‘Muhammad, Aurang-zeb, Alam-gir ‘The warrior, the Victorious King’ The third line of the translation gives the three names of Aurang-zeb. Their verbal meaning is: ‘Muhammad’ – Extolled ‘Aurang-zeb’ –Throne –adoring ‘Alam-gir’ -- World-subduing. ‘The Reviver of Religion’ is a title peculiar to Aurang-zeb. The title of ‘Father of Victory’ was borne by Shah Alam also; the other titles are common to all Mogul emperors. On the Swell ‘Year of the Hejira 1087 ‘The 20th of the Reign’ 1087 of the Hejira corresponds with AD 1677; according to Mohammedan chronologists, exactly the 20th year of Aurang-zeb’s reign. Under the right Trunnion ‘The gun, the aid of Ali’. Ali, the hero-saint of the Indian Mohammedans, is invoked by them in every difficulty, and especially in battle. His titles are: ‘The victorious Lion of God,’ ‘The Remover of Difficulties.’ Under the left Trunnion. According to the weights of Shah Jehan ‘The Ball, 30 sirs’ ‘Powder, 13 sirs’ The weights and measures, as established by the Emperor Shah Jehan are those still used in India The sir is about 2lbs. Avoirdupois. The verbal meaning of Shah Jehan is ‘King of the world’ Letters relating to the large gun captured at Bhurtpore, copies from letter-book in DAQM General’s Office, Woolwich 21st October 1828 The Master General has the highest satisfaction in communicating to the Regiment of the Artillery the following letter from the principal aide-de-camp to the King, conveying His Majesty’s gracious intention that the gun taken at Bhurtpoor, and presented to His Majesty by Viscount Combermere and the forces which captured that fortress, shall be mounted at the front of the barracks at Woolwich, and placed in the charge and custody of the corps of Royal Artillery and Engineers, as a special mark of His Majesty’s approbation of their services on all occasions. His Lordship in communicating to the two corps the King’s gracious commands, feels assured that a memorial so lasting of His Majesty’s distinquished favour will be a stimulus to continue for the future that zeal, good conduct and exertion, which has gained the corps the highest honour- the approbation of their sovereign. The Commandant at Woolwich is desired to take measures tp carry into effect His Majesty’s most gracious intention. (signed) A Dickson, Colonel, D.A. General.

Royal Lodge, Windsor 13th October 1828 My Lord Having, by desire of Lieut. General Cuppage, submitted to the King a drawing of the gun taken at Bhurtpoor, mounted at Woolwich, and presented to His Majesty by General Viscoun Combermere and the troops of His Majesty’s and the East India Company’s Service which co-operated under his lordship’s command in the assault and capture of that fortress, and having solicited the King’s pleasure with respect of the situation in which this gun should be placed, I have been honoured with His Majesty’s commands to convey to your lordship, and to desire that you will communicate to the officers of the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers, His Majesty’s determination that this gun shall be placed in front of the barracks at Woolwich: and His Majesty further desires that your lordship will take the necessary steps for giving due effect to such his pleasure. His Majesty is influenced upon this occasion, and not only by a wish to assign a public and conspicuous situation to this splendid memorial of the enterprise and gallantry of the officers and soldiers by whom the important conquest of Bhurtpoor was achieved, but also by desire to place it in the charge and custody of a body of men which has in so eminent a degree merited His Majesty’s attachment and his approbation, by its distinguished ability and gallantry on every service in which it has been engaged, and by the manner in which it has in all other respects upheld the character and credit of the British arms. I have &c., (signed) H Taylor Principal Aide-de-camp to the King General Lord Viscount Beresford, G.C.B.,