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{{Battlemap|war=1st China War 1839-42|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.00046e589c8983b5267ea&ll=28.825425,112.456055&spn=14.658427,15.205078&t=p&z=6}}

Also known as the '''1st Opium War''' and the '''1st Anglo-Chinese War'''.

== Summary ==

The lucrative trade between China and Britain in the 19th century comprised mainly [[tea]] and [[opium trade|opium]]. Opium addiction became such a problem that the Qing Dynasty tried to prevent the import. They closed the waterway up to [[Canton]] and seized over 1 million kilograms of opium requiring merchants to enter into a bond not to deal in the drug. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FzPZcyAGzT0C&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=Captain+Charles+Elliot,+R.N.,+Chief+Superintendent+of+British+Trade+in+China&source=bl&ots=7FspVCNamQ&sig=8DyezNem9h7hDcZkIiTjhCwyQcs&hl=en&ei=7NzeSr3RK4me4QahlLUS&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Captain%20Charles%20Elliot%2C%20R.N.%2C%20Chief%20Superintendent%20of%20British%20Trade%20in%20China&f=false Captain Charles Elliot RN], Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China, tried to negotiate with the Chinese but was continually rebuffed. There were naval confrontations on the Pearl River and Britain sent an expeditionary force from [[Singapore]]. The Bogue Forts at the mouth of the river and subsequently [[Canton]] were captured. The Chinese were also defeated at the mouth of the Yangtse River and [[Shanghai]] was occupied. The war ended in August 1842 with the Treaty of Nanking which opened five treaty ports to trade: Shanghai, Canton (Guangzhou), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo) & Amoy (Xiamen). China also ceded [[Hong Kong]] and granted an indemnity to Britain.

*[https://archive.org/details/opiumwar184018420000fayp/page/n3/mode/2up ''The Opium War, 1840-1842 : Barbarians in the Celestial Empire in the early part of the nineteenth century and the war by which they forced her gates ajar''] by Peter Ward Fay. 1997 reprint originally published 1975. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.

*[https://archive.org/details/opiumwarsaddicti00hane/mode/2up ''Opium Wars : the addiction of one empire and the corruption of another''] by W Travis Hanes III and Frank Sanello 2002. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.

[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|China War, 1st]]

[[Category:1st China War 1839-42| 1st China War]]

[[Category:Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps|China War, 1st]]

[[Category:China]]