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{{Battlemap|war=1st China War 1839-42|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.00046e589c8983b5267ea&ll=28.825425,112.456055&spn=14.658427,15.205078&t=p&z=6}}

Also known as the '''1st Opium War''' and the '''1st Anglo-Chinese War'''.

== Summary ==

The lucrative trade between China and Britain in the 19th century comprised mainly [[tea]] and [[opium trade|opium]]. Opium addiction became such a problem that the Qing Dynasty tried to prevent the import. They closed the waterway up to [[Canton]] and seized over 1 million kilograms of opium requiring merchants to enter into a bond not to deal in the drug. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FzPZcyAGzT0C&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=Captain+Charles+Elliot,+R.N.,+Chief+Superintendent+of+British+Trade+in+China&source=bl&ots=7FspVCNamQ&sig=8DyezNem9h7hDcZkIiTjhCwyQcs&hl=en&ei=7NzeSr3RK4me4QahlLUS&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Captain%20Charles%20Elliot%2C%20R.N.%2C%20Chief%20Superintendent%20of%20British%20Trade%20in%20China&f=false Captain Charles Elliot RN], Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China, tried to negotiate with the Chinese but was continually rebuffed. There were naval confrontations on the Pearl River and Britain sent an expeditionary force from [[Singapore]]. The Bogue Forts at the mouth of the river and subsequently [[Canton]] were captured. The Chinese were also defeated at the mouth of the Yangtse River and [[Shanghai]] was occupied. The war ended in August 1842 with the Treaty of Nanking which opened five treaty ports to trade: Shanghai, Canton (Guangzhou), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo) & Amoy (Xiamen). China also ceded [[Hong Kong]] and granted an indemnity to Britain.

==FIBIS resources==

== Biographies ==

[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/340/mode/2up Henry Pottinger (1789-1856)]<br>

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars Opium Wars] Wikipedia<br>

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Opium_War 1st Opium War 1839-42] Wikipedia<br>

*"Journal During the Chinese Expedition in 1841 and 1842" by an Officer of the Royal Artillery. [Most likely the Officer was then part of the Madras Artillery]. ''Colburn’s United Service Magazine'' 1877 and 1878. ''1877 Part III'' [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=jNoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA511 p 511-516] Google Books; ''1878 Part I'': [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081656500?urlappend=%3Bseq=115 p 105], [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081656500?urlappend=%3Bseq=232 p 224-36], [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081656500?urlappend=%3Bseq=492 p 506-11] HathiTrust Digital Library; ''Part II'': [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LtoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA99 p 99-105], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LtoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA352 p 352-58], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LtoRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA502 p 502-8] Google Books; ''Part III'': [https://archive.org/stream/unitedservicema05unkngoog#page/n112/mode/2up page 102] Archive.org.

*[http://www.archive.org/stream/chineseaccountof00parkrich#page/n11/mode/2up ''Chinese Account of the Opium War''] by E.H. Parker 1888 Archive.org

*‪[https://archive.org/details/opiumwarthroughc00wale ''The Opium War through Chinese Eyes''] by Arthur Waley 1958 Archive.org Lending Library. A transcription is available at [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017092410/http://www.drugtext.org/Table/The-Opium-War-Through-Chinese-Eyes drugtext.org, now an archived webpage]. Chapters present in reverse order, read items from the bottom of the page.

[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|China War, 1st]]

[[Category:1st China War 1839-42| 1st China War]]

[[Category:Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps|China War, 1st]]

[[Category:China]]