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====Military or Civilian?====
The second problem concerns whether they are Military or Civilian and the answer to this is almost always the former, although they could be posted as Civil Surgeons to hospitals and even jails. This article is about those Apothecaries who worked for the Government as part of the Military establishment. However, there were some Apothecaries who worked in a private capacity, for example as a Chemist and Druggist.<ref> The [http://library.wellcome.ac.uk Wellcome Library], London has See the article "European Pharmacies in Colonial India" by Harkishan Singh , pages 58-67 in the ''Pharmaceutical Historian'', Vol. 31, no. 4 (Dec. 2001)under External links above.</ref> Details about these Apothecaries may be sought in the Commercial sections of [[Directories]] such as [http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/directories.html Thackers].
====Crawford’s Roll of the Indian Medical Service====
*The [http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/ Cambridge (UK) Centre of South Asian Studies], in its Archive Collection, has the Winn Papers which contain information about James Winn who joined the East India Company in the Bengal Establishment in 1842, aged 13. He served as an apothecary at various stations including [[Lahore]], [[Multan]], [[Dinapore]], [[Dum Dum]], [[Allahabad]], [[Calcutta]], [[Chunar]]. He was invalided out of the service at [[Meerut]] in July 1884. (WINN 1/1 Testimonials, statements of service, etc in connection with James Winn's work as an apothecary in the service of the Bengal Establishment, 1842-1884, 45 items)
*The [http://library.wellcome.ac.uk Wellcome Library], London has See the article "Apothecaries and Hospital Assistants in Colonial India" by Harkishan Singh in the ''Pharmaceutical Historian'' Vol. 32, no. 1 (Mar. 2002)under [[Apothecary#External links|External links]] below.
==The Situation by the 1870s==
==External links==
*"European Pharmacies in Colonial India" by Harkishan Singh, pages 58-67 in [https://leopard.tu-braunschweig.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dbbs_derivate_00044324/Pharmaceutical-Historian-2001.pdf ''Pharmaceutical Historian'', Vol. 31, no. 4 (Dec. 2001)]. leopard.tu-braunschweig.de.
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586218 "Early decades of Madras Medical College: Apothecaries"] by R Raman and A Raman ''Natl Med J India''. 2016 Mar-Apr;29(2):98-102. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
*[http://blogs.bl.uk/untoldlives/2017/11/the-last-will-and-testament-of-an-indian-wife.html "The last will and testament of an Indian wife"] 02 November 2017. British Library Untold lives blog. Includes mention of William Foy baptized 1805 who became a sub-assistant veterinary surgeon and later an apothecary at the General Hospital in Calcutta. William retired from the Subordinate Medical Service in 1857 and set up as a ‘Practising Physician’ in Calcutta.
