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*[http://www.archive.org/stream/indiaindianengin00medlrich#page/76/mode/2up JG Megley lecture] Considers building comfort design issues, giving examples of comfortable bungalows, and stuffy churches - where services were held outside under the early morning shadow of the church.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/indianarchitectu00haveuoft#page/n443/mode/2up Indian Architecture] by EV Havel, a good description of the [[Public Works Department]] and a readable critique of Colonial Architecture in late Victorian times – asking it this the right approach?
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofmoderns04ferguoft#page/470/mode/2up History of Modern Architecture] by James Fergusson mentioned above.
== Current Books==*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060913012017/http://www.tcaup.umich.edu/workfolio/glover.pdf "“A Feeling of Absence from Old England:” the Colonial Bungalow"] by William J Glover ''Stones of EmpireHome Cultures Volume 1 Issue 1''pages 61-82 2004(?), Morris, Jan and JJ Cotton. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1983now archived.*''Splendors [http://archiseek.com/tag/india/ India] Buildings tagged India. archiseek.com. Details of a limited number of the Raj (British Architecture buildings in India 1660 -1947)''*[http://www.southasiandecorativeartsandcrafts.co.uk South Asian Decorative Arts & Crafts Collection] located in Norfolk, Davis, PhilipEngland. Includes an emphasis on architectural items. LondonThe website contains pages titled Architecture, John Murray (Publishers)Ltdlocated under India, 1985.Pakistan and Burma {{#widget:Google PlusOne|size=small|count=true}}
→Historical books online
Most of the designers throughout the Raj were [[British Army]] Engineers instructed in military engineering; architectural design was self learnt from practical experience, aided by architectural reference books and copy book designs. By 1870 regional differences were obvious with Bombay Public Works employing professional officers trained in architecture, while Calcutta continued to use amateur military engineers. Later, consultant architects invited from Europe included Lutyens in [[New Delhi]], and Modernist Le Corbusier in post-colonial [[Chandrigarh]]
The quality of local craftsmen and raw material made a difference. Bombay’s stone carvers were able to work with better grade stone than others– naturally their work was more detailed. The continued prevalence in other areas of the more simply decorated Neo-classical buildings demanded less intricate carving than was needed for the richly decorated Gothic style. The rise of the Indian Middle Classes with their patronage of the Arts and Architecture encouraged the marriage of indigenous and European designs. Their architectural commissions represented their affluence, civic pride, and Indian heritage. In contrast, English industrial progress is evidenced with widespread use of imported corrugated iron (from the 1840's) offered construction simplification, but tended to dumb down architectural advances.
Frequently colonial buildings were criticized about not responding to local conditions, or not being built using traditional, and proven local methods. The "London look" was achieved by stucco render over brick, and sadly many Raj buildings are falling into disrepair as the stucco peels away.
Arguably, Engineers on colonial service adversely influenced the training of Indian technicians, and this continued when Indian Universities, captivated with Modernism, offered Architecture in the run up to Independence. Several generations of Indians had not studied India’s rich architectural history. But the JJ School of Art [[Bombay]] accepted this and looked forward, visioning the more inclusive use of concrete, a new material that would house India’s masses. But again the stucco surfaces of early Modernist buildings is failing away from disrepair, just it is on the earlier Neo-Classical buildings .
===Bombay: birthplace of modern Indian Architecture===
*1865 Bombay Builder magazine first published
JJ School of Art, [[Bombay]]: courses
*1896 2 yr draughtsman’s course
*1908 4 yr architectural course
*1917 Indian Institute of Architects
*1922 5 yr architectural course
*1925 Bombay Architectural Association – with affiliation to the RIBA
*1930 RIBA exams held in Bombay
*1937 Ideal Home Exhibition introduces Modernism to India, and the more popular and the less restrained alternative - Art Deco.
*[http://www.higman.de/Henry%20Irwin/henry-irwin.htm Henry Irwin Architect in India 1841–1922] by Chris Higman
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens Edwin Lutyens 1869-1944] Wikipedia - British Architect notable for the planning of New Delhi
**[http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/21/how-two-friends-built-a-city-and-fell-out How Two Friends Built a City and Fell Out] by Margherita Stancati November 21, 2011, blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime. Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker were commissioned to build New Delhi.
**[http://www.heathershimmin.com/viceroy-house-new-delhi The story behind Lutyens' sketch of Viceroy House] heathershimmin.com
==Other external links==
=== Historical books online ===
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/indiaindianengin00medlrich#page/76/mode/2up ''India and Indian engineering''] Three lectures delivered at the Royal engineer institute, Chatham, in July, 1872. JG Megley lecture. Considers building comfort design issues, giving examples of comfortable bungalows, and stuffy churches - where services were held outside under the early morning shadow of the church.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/indianarchitectu00haveuoft#page/n443/mode/2up ''Indian Architecture''] by EV Havel, a good description of the [[Public Works Department]] and a readable critique of Colonial Architecture in late Victorian times – asking it this the right approach?
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofmoderns04ferguoft#page/470/mode/2up ''History of Modern Architecture''] by James Fergusson mentioned above.
*''History of Indian and Eastern Architecture'' by James Fergusson Archive.org [https://archive.org/details/historyindianan00tadggoog 1891 edition]. 1899 editions: [https://archive.org/details/historyindianan01ferggoog Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/historyindianan02ferggoog Volume II]. 1910 editions: [https://archive.org/details/historyofindiane01ferguoft Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/historyofindiane02ferguoft Volume II]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=SJ4EAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''The Bombay Builder: an illustrated journal of engineering architecture, science & art Volume 1''] 1865 Google Books
*''Jeypore Portfolio of Architectural Details parts VII and VIII: VII, String and Band Patterns; VIII, Wall and Surface Decorations'' by Samuel Swinton Jacob, 1894. [https://katalogbeta.slub-dresden.de/id/0015244231/#detail Catalogue details]. [http://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/150701/1/0/ Digital file] digital.slub-dresden.de. Left hand side of webpage, under Inhaltsverzeichnis, then click on title, shows links to both parts. Thumbnails at foot of webpage show illustrations. Downloads available. Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) Dresden
: The various parts of ''Jeypore Portfolio'': I. Copings and plinths.--II. Pillars--Caps and bases.--III. Carved doors.--IV. Brackets.--V. Arches.--VI. Balustrades.--VII. String and band patterns.--VIII. Wall and surface decorations.--IX. Dados: with a note on the process of fresco paintings in Jeypore.--X. Parapets.--XI. Chatris and domed roofs.--XII. Jharokas or balcony windows.
:*[https://disegnarecon.unibo.it/article/viewFile/2079/1466 "Samuel Swinton Jacob and the Jeypore Portfolio: issues in Architectural Recording"] by Vanicka Arora. Disegnarecon dicembre 2010. disegnarecon.unibo.it
*''India. Photographs and Drawings Of Historical Buildings :100 Plates; From the Collection in the late Office of Curator of Ancient Monuments in India''. London, 1896. [https://katalogbeta.slub-dresden.de/id/0015229001/#detail Catalogue details] [http://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/178347/1/ Digital file] digital.slub-dresden.de. With thumbnails, so illustrations are easily found. Download available. Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) Dresden
*[https://archive.org/details/CInCsResidencesIndia ''Reminiscences of the Residencies of the Commanders-In-Chief in India in Simla, Old and New Delhi''] by Field- Marshal Sir W R Birdwood 1930 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/NewDelhiByRobertByron "New Delhi"] by Robert Byron. ''The Architectural Review'' January 1931. Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/OLDBungalowsInBangaloreJanetPott ''Old Bungalows in Bangalore, South India''] by Janet Pott 1977 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/MonkeyTops ''Monkey Tops: Old Buildings in Bangalore Cantonment''] by Elizabeth Staley 1981 Archive.org
=== Others ===
*[http://www.boloji.com/architecture/index.htm Indian Architecture] This is an excellent Indian site for a more detailed over view , it includes sections on Colonial Indian Architecture.
*[http://www.victorianweb.org/history/empire/india/architecture.html Victorian and Edwardian Architecture in British India] from The Victorian Web
*[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/forumdisplay.php?f=541 Heritage Buildings & Monuments] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com
*[http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/495 ''Deccan Queen: A Spatial Analysis of Poona in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries''] by Wayne Thomas Mullen. Sydney University Digital Theses 26-Mar-2006. A thesis which is “structured around the analysis of a model that describes the Cantonment, the Civil Lines, the Sadr Bazar and part of the Native City of the Western Indian settlement of Poona in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.” Contains sections on architecture
[[Category: Occupations]]
