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This section article details connections between British India and '''Australia''', particularly emigration and immigration. 

Links between Australia and India were established from an early date. The first Anglican chaplains, appointed from 1788 at the time when the first shipment of convicts was were sent from Britain, were British Government officials. Then from 1825 - 1836 the Australian Continent formed part of the Diocese of Calcutta. This appears to have been for administrative purposes only as Church records for this period do not appear in the [[India Office Records|India Office Series]]. It is probable that any original intention to make regular visitations of New South Wales (as it was then called ) from [[Calcutta ]] proved impractical bearing in mind the huge distances involved. This is reflected in a book written by Henry Shepherd in 1829<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=_7sHAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+inefficiency+of+the+ecclesiastical+establishment+of+India#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''The inefficiency of the ecclesiastical establishment of India '']by Henry Shepherd (1829).</ref>

==External *''Links==with India: Records in the New South Wales State Archives relating to settlers and others.'' by Christine Yeats, Manager, Public Access, State Records Authority of New South Wales. This appeared in FIBIS journal no 16 – pages 28 to 39. For details of how this journal can be accessed online [http://www.fibis.org/membership-2 FIBIS members] or purchased (non members) see [[FIBIS Journals]]

==Historical background==*''Colonial Cousins. A surprising history of connections between India and Australia'' by Joyce Westrip and Peggy Holroyde Wakefield Press 2010. [http://www.wakefieldpress.com.au/files/extracts/Colonial_Cousins_extract.pdf Extract from Colonial Cousins] Wakefieldpress.com which includes Contents, Foreword and Preface. A review by Sylvia Murphy of this book appeared in ''FIBIS Journal Number 24 (Autumn 2010)'',page 54. Refer [[FIBIS Journals]] for details of how to access the review. [http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/saturdayextra/colonial-cousins/3040558 Listen to an interview] with the author Peggy Holroyde 17 April 2010 ABC Radio (Australia)*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20100512005152/http://angloindian.wordpress.com/history / A Brief History of the Anglo Indians]'' by Dr. Gloria J. Moore, now archived. An article written for inclusion in a publication in 1988, ''The Australian People: an Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and Their Origins''. A second edition of this book by James Jupp, Cambridge University Press, 2001 is available in a [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yTKFBXfCI1QC&pg=PA435 Limited View Google Book], page 435.:The second part of the article mentions the many connections between India and Australia. Included in these is that a major shipment of settlers was organised by Sir William Burton, a judge in Madras in 1844. Burton was president of the Madras East India Society and sought relief for those who "are Christians and look to England as the land of their origin". The society sent two groups from Madras to Sydney in the William Prowse (1853) and the Paltyra Palmyra (1854). (A similar scheme for Albany in Western Australia ended with a shipwreck.) Many of these men were compositors in the printing trade. Those settled by Burton were surveyed by the author Henry Cornish in 1875 and the results were published in 1879 in his ''[http://www.archive.org/details/undersoutherncro00corniala Under the Southern Cross'' ] (republished by Penguin in 1975). The original version of this book is available on the free website archive.org. Here are two links for what seems to be the same book. , [http://www.archive.org/detailsstream/undersoutherncro00corniala] [http:#page/268/www.archive.orgmode/details/undersoutherncr00corngoog]:This link from the [http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A030457b.htm?hilite=India Australian Dictionary of Biography2up page 269] gives details of Andrew Crawford, who promoted a settlement scheme at Castra, near Ulverstone, Tasmania in the 1870’s, mentioned in the above article. *[http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archives/guides-and-finding-aids/archives-in-brief/archives-in-brief-79 NSW State Archives] India and NSW-Migration and Trade .

*Catalogue details of [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21484302?selectedversion=NBD11846488 ''Burton, J. and the 'Eurasian experiment' '' B. Hay, 1995 (Newtown, N.S.W)] This publication is available at the State Library of NSW and is the full text of an article published in abbreviated form in ''Descent'', the journal of the Society of Australian Genealogists.* A list of the Palmyra’s passengers.<ref>Hadley, Lynne [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210055802/https://mlarchives.rootsweb.com/listindexes/emails?listname=india&thread=2241184 Palmyra passengers to Australia, 1854] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 10 October 2009, archived.</ref>*Tasmanian Archives:**[https://www.linc.tas.gov.au/archive-heritage/guides-records/Pages/Immigration.aspx Immigration to Tasmania 1803-1946], with a link to “Guide on records relating to free immigration”, and [https://stors.tas.gov.au/au-7-0038-00112_1 Guide to the public records of Tasmania. Section 1, Colonial Secretary's Office] by P.R. Eldershaw. Search for “India”*[http://trove.nla.gov.au National Library of Australia - Trove] Search books, photographs, newspapers etc.*[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper Historic Australian Newspapers from 1803] is searchable and has many items which mention India. *[http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/sa/immigra/misc.htm State Library of South Australia - Immigration] lists a number of newspaper references concerning emigration from India.*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120318192808/http://www.naa.gov.au/collectionnaaresources/recordsearchpublications/indexresearch_guides/guides/childmig/pages/chapter3/g.aspx htm The National Archives of Australia- Jewish child migration], now an archived webpage. "Admission of Polish Refugee Children in India to Australia" 1946-49. Catalogue reference: Index A445 255/1/8. Other associated files are A433 1944/2/5976 "Polish refugee children in Iran - Question of admission to Australia" and A434 1947/3/4316 "Polish refugee children - Admission to passenger arrivalsNew Zealand":Also see [[Polish Refugees in India 1942-1948]] Select which includes a reference to the 'General Langfitt Group'passenger index'' for passengers arriving by ship , who arrived in Fremantle and other Western Australian ports between January 1921 and 15 January 1950; or arriving at Perth airport between 1944 and 15 January in 1950from East Africa, many of whom had previously been in India.*Catalogue details of [http://trove.nla.gov. Dates are those available au/work/34822142?selectedversion=NBD9030806 microfilms at July 2009the National Library of Australia, new data may be addedwith items from the National Archives of India]. Includes passengers proceeding to ports further east“Records, proceedings, notes, including New Zealandfiles selected for their Australian interest. Some examples include: Passports and visas for immigration into Australia; regarding horses required from Sydney for military purpose in India...”

From around the mid nineteenth century there was a demand from India for stock horses from New South Wales (Australia). These were particularly popular with the Indian Cavalry as the horses were thought to be able to stand the climate of India better than horses from England. The Australian horses were known as Walers. :*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waler_horse Waler horse] Wikipedia.:*[http://www.lighthorse.org.au/the-waler-a-breed-of-horse-legend-or-fact/ "“The Waler”… a breed of horse? Legend or fact?"] lighthorse.org.au:*''International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds'' by Bonnie L. Hendricks, Anthony A. Dent page 434 [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=CdJg3qXssWYC&pg=PA434 Google Books]:*[http://www.archive.org/stream/somerecollection00nevirich#page/n5/mode/2up ''Some Recollections in the Life of Lieut.-Col. P.P. Nevill, late Major 63rd Regiment''] 1864 Archive.org. In 1834 Captain Nevill was in Sydney and was asked to take charge of a shipment of horses which were to travel on the same ship to India [http://www.archive.org/stream/somerecollection00nevirich#page/86/mode/2up page 87]. [http://www.archive.org/stream/somerecollection00nevirich#page/104/mode/2up Page 105] states that this was the first batch, on trial, that had succeeded in reaching India.:*[https://digital.sl.nsw.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?embedded=true&toolbar=false&dps_pid=FL1085500 Landing Waler Horses at Madras c 1834] Watercolour drawing at NSW State Library. [http://ndpbetaarchival.sl.nlansw.gov.au/ndpDetails/archive/110320926 Details]. Another drawing in the same [http://digital.sl.nsw.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=FL1085499&embedded=true&toolbar=false album]:*"Thomas Hagger An Indian Army Veterinary Surgeon in Australia" by John Fisher commences page 5 of this [http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/del2123/home Historic 234/1/avhs_012.pdf Australian Newspapers, 1803 to 1954Veterinary History Society 1995 Newsletter] is searchable pdf and has many items which mention mentions the trade in Australian horses to Indiac early 1840's.

:*[http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/sa/immigra/misc.htm Immigration – Miscellany] The State Library An article 'European Orphans and Vagrants in India in the Nineteenth Century' by David Arnold in ''Journal of South Australia lists a Imperial and Commonwealth History'' , Volume 7, January 1979, number of newspaper references concerning emigration from India.2, pages 117 and 121 says

*[http://www:A primary source of vagrants in the 1860s and 1870s, involved horse grooms from Australia.archivesIn order to get men to accompany the horses shipped to India, mainly from Melbourne, shippers spread fabulous reports of the abundance of well paid jobs and the easy living to be had in India.tasThe grooms signed up only for the voyage and once the horses had been landed at Calcutta, Madras or Colombo they were discharged.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/262884/immigration-guide.pdf Tasmanian Archives Guide For most of them jobs proved impossible to Free Immigration] find, their pay was soon exhausted and [http://wwwthey were left destitute..archives.tas.gov.au/guides/CSO_guideThe 1869 Act specified that those vagrants who could not find work “after a reasonable period of time ‘could be deported, subject to their own consent .pdf Tasmanian Archives Guide The costs of deportation were to be borne by the state, and the Colonial Secretary’s Office Records] may be searched deported vagrant was prohibited from returning to India for at least five years. An attempt was made to charge Australian horse shippers and their agents for “India”the cost of deporting grooms left destitute in Indian ports, but a few test cases were sufficient to show the impossibility of making shippers pay. The threat of prosecution and fines did, however, contribute to the decline in the numbers of grooms left stranded in India.

*:The end notes of this article refer to a reference: 'In Charge of Horses from Melbourne to Madras' by ‘An Amateur Groom’, reprinted from ''Englishman’s Weekly Journal'', 15 July 1871, in ''India Legislative Procs''., no 44, 10 April 1874. Both these publications appear to be available at the [[British Library]], although its holding of the first publication catalogued under the alternative title ''Englishman's Saturday Evening Journal'' (published in Calcutta) 'lacks scattered issues'. '''Update''' ''The Englishman's Overland Mail'' of 15 July 1871 is now available on [http[Findmypast]], see [https://wwwsearch.naafindmypast.govco.auuk/naaresourcesbna/publications/research_guides/guides/childmig/pages/chapter3/gviewarticle?id=bl%2f0002921%2f18710715%2f001 Findypast link], however no article of this title appears, so it is unclear whether these two titles are exactly the same.htm Admission However the article, or possibly extracts, is available on Findmypast in the ''Times of Polish Refugee Children in India '' 10 July 1871 , page 5 , 6-7th columns, noted to Australia 1946-49be originally in ''Madras Mail'' July 4 [1871] The National Archives of Australia catalogue reference. [https: A445, 255/1/8search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0002850%2f18710710%2f085&stringtohighlight=horses%20melbourne%20madras Findmypast link] (scroll down). These two links are only available for signed in findmypast subscribers.

*==Jockeys==Prior to World War 2, most jockeys racing in Calcutta, the principal course in India, were Australians or Britons.<ref> [http://homewww.alphalinkscribd.com.au/~agilbertdoc/7189569/aijour~1.html Postcolonial migrations: AngloKolkata-Sports-Indians in ‘White Australia’Heritage Kolkata Sports Heritage] by Alison Blunt. , page 19 ''The International Journal of Anglo-Indian Studies'' VolScribd. 5, No. 2, 2000com. Also by Alison Blunt, ''Domicile and Diaspora: Anglo-Indian Women and the Spatial Politics of Home''Wiley-Blackwell, 2005. This available [httphttps://bookspdfslide.googlenet/documents/kolkata-sports-heritage.comhtml pdfslide.au/books?id=vTMew94_aToC&pg=PA147 Limited View Google Booknet] mentions the voyage of HMAS Manoora in 1947 on page 147.</ref>

*==Soldiers==Men born in Australia also served in the Armies of India. They probably joined British Army regiments in Australia and subsequently served in India then transferring to the East India Company Armies.<ref>[http://wwwboards.tnetancestry.comco.au/~quinconuk/OurFamilyHistlocalities.html Michael Quin Conroy’s website] including many names and lists of passengers on two ships from India, the [http://www.tnetoceania.comaustralia.augeneral/~quincon4184/SSOrientPassmb.htm SS Orient in 1907ashx?pnt=1 Chelsea Pensioners - soldiers with an Australian connection] and Jean Ffrench on the Australia General Rootsweb message board 2004 </ref> <ref> [http://wwweprints.tnetusq.comedu.au/~quincon22032/HMASManooraPass19472/Gehrmann_BW2012_PV.htm HMAS Manoora pdf " Colonial subalterns of Empire: Australians in 1947India during the movement for Swaraj, 1920-1939"]by Richard Gehrmann, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba. From "The British World: Religion, Memory, Society, Culture, 2-5 July 2012, Toowoomba, Australia" </ref>

* There is a book called ''Brother Officers on the Sheep's Back : an Account of the Indian Army Officers Settlement in Victoria in the 1920s'' by Jean G. ("Gerry") Kristiansen. [Camperdown, Vic.] : J.G. Kristiansen, 1993. [http://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/apps/kss Search for a Library] in Australia which has this book.==Orphans== *[http://home.alphalink.com.au/~agilbert/blackf~1.html Chapter 59 - I Call Australia Home] by Stan Blackford ''The International Journal of Anglo-Indian Studies'' Volume 6, Number 1, 2001. *[http://home.alphalink.com.au/~agilbert/curious.html The Curious Exclusion Of Anglo-Indians From Mass Slaughter During The Partition Of India] Experiences in India During 1947 of some who went to New Zealand by Dorothy McMenamin. ''The International Journal of Anglo-Indian Studies'' Volume 9, Number 1, 2006 *Laura and Charles Hope were Baptist medical missionaries from Australia, who worked in India for most of the period 1893 to 1934 [http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A140557b.htm Australian DIctionary of Biography]=== Boys ===

In 1838 the government of New South Wales agreed to take seven boys (of not less than twelve years of age and of ‘pure European descent ‘) from the [[Orphan Schools in Madras# Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum|Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum]]. The seven boys arrived on the 'Sesostris' in February 1841, their passage arranged and paid for by the East India Company’s Marine Board. The seven boys were Samuel Hobart, James Marlow, John Harris, Christopher Connor, William Bird, James Barry and James MacKin.<ref> ''India, China, Australia: Trade and Society 1788-1850'' pages 86-87, footnotes page 196. The boys details are in India Office Records F/4/1916 (Correspondence Book Entry 82082) at the British Library. </ref> <ref> Naida. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210060003/https://mlarchives.rootsweb.com/listindexes/emails?listname=india&thread= Walers==8635709 Orphan Boys from Madras to Sydney] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 21 December 2003, archived.</ref>

From around the mid nineteenth century there was a demand from India for stock horses from New South Wales (Australia). These were particularly popular with the Indian Cavalry as the horses were thought to be able to stand the climate of India better than horses from England. The Australian horses were known as [http://www.lighthorse.org.au/military/thewaler.htm Walers] :*A book has been written called ''Walers : Australian Horses Abroad'' by Yarwood, A. T. (Alexander Turnbull), 1927-2002. Melbourne University Press at the Miegunyah Press, 1989.: ISBN: 0522843859 [http://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/apps/kss?mode=bas Search for a Library] in Australia which has this book.<br>:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waler_horse Waler horse] Wikipedia. :*''International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds'' by Bonnie L. Hendricks, Anthony A. Dent page 434 [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=CdJg3qXssWYC&pg=PA434 Google Books] :*[http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/item/itemLarge.aspx?itemIDGirls =423868 Landing Waler Horses at Madras c 1834] Watercolour drawing at NSW State Library. [http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/item/itemDetailPaged.aspx?itemID=423868 Details]. This is another drawing in the same [http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/album/albumView.aspx?acmsID=423868&itemID=874482 album]:*An article 'European Orphans and Vagrants in India in the Nineteenth Century' by David Arnold in ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' , Volume 7,January 1979, number 2, pages 117 and 121 says

::A primary source of vagrants in the 1860s and 1870s, involved horse grooms from Australia. In order to get men to accompany the horses shipped to India, mainly from Melbourne, shippers spread fabulous reports of the abundance of well paid jobs and the easy living to be had in India. The grooms signed up only for the voyage and once the horses had been landed at Calcutta, Madras or Colombo they were discharged. For most of them jobs proved impossible to find, their pay was soon exhausted and they were left destitute.....The 1869 Act specified that those vagrants who could not find work “after a reasonable period of time ‘could be deported, subject to their own consent .The costs of deportation were to be borne by the state, and the deported vagrant was prohibited from returning to India for at least five years. An attempt was made to charge Australian horse shippers and their agents for the cost of deporting grooms left destitute in Indian ports, but a few test cases were sufficient to show the impossibility of making shippers pay. The threat of prosecution and fines did, however, contribute to the decline in the numbers of grooms left stranded in Indiafollowing case study might help researchers.

:The end notes of this article refer to a reference: 'In Charge of Horses from Melbourne to Madras' by ‘An Amateur Groom’, reprinted from ''Englishman’s Weekly Journal'', 15 July 1871, in ''India Legislative Procs''., no 44, 10 April 1874. Both these publications appear to be available at the [[British Library]], although its holding of the first publication also known as ''Englishman's Saturday Evening Journal'' 'lacks scattered issues' ==Orphans== A puzzle solved!<br>Heather Hall has advised: I'd been searching for ages for a Caroline Sarah Chantry b. 1828, daughter of John and Mary Davey and stepdaughter of Sgt William Chantry of the 45th Regiment. We knew from research at the [[British Library ]] that she was orphaned in 1832 when there was an outbreak of cholera, but couldn't find how she came to Australia and was married at the Clarence settlement in 1846. To cut a very long story short, from FIBIS I discovered that she was admitted to the Madras Military Girls Orphan School in 1834 as Caroline Davey and was still there in 1839 with her sister Ann Chantry. I found in an 1843 newspaper shipping list into Sydney were five orphan girls and their Matron from Madras and then three days later the only girls to be admitted to the Sydney NSW Orphanage were five girls aged 14 to 16, one of whom was my Caroline Davey. I found the shipping information on a film of the Sydney Morning Herald dated 4 January 1843 at the NLA as it is not yet part of the online newspaper project. The names of the girls and Matron were not listed, but I found the names on the NSW State records site. We then went to State Records at Kingswood and found information to confirm my online searching.

SYDNEY ORPHAN SCHOOL RECORDS '''Sydney Orphan School records - COD 506 Transcribed 13.5.2009 by Heather Hall at State Records NSW, Kingswood.<br>Page 10, CARDWELL Mary Ann, 16, Arr 7.1.1843. Left 18.7.1843. This girl came from the Madras Military Asylum. To Mrs B Minders. (1)<br>Page 12, DAVEY Caroline, 14, Arr 7.1.1843. Left 7.8.1843. This girl came from the Madras Military Asylum. To Mrs Hallen of Prospect, 7.8.1843. Returned 25.8.1843. Sent to Mrs Pearce of Surry Hills Sydney, September 1843. (2)<br>Page 56, SMITH Caroline, 14, Arr 1.7.1843. This girl came from the Madras Military Asylum. Returned from Mrs Mills of Parramatta and afterwards given to Mrs Buchanan of Sydney. Returned to the school by Mrs Buchanan and given to Mrs Mills of South Head. Returned to School again for very disgraceful conduct on 26.3.1845. (No other dates were written on this record. HH) (3)<br>Page 58, TOONER Ellen, 14, Arr 7.1.1843. Left 8.6.1847. This girl came from the Madras Military Asylum. Apprenticed to the Rev’d D Mackenzie of Albury and ??? River, 8th June 1847. (4)<br>Page 63, WATTS Mary, 15, Arr 7.1.1843. This girl came from the Madras Military Asylum. Given to Dr Smythe but returned and sent to Mrs Fletcher of Lower George St Sydney. (No dates given) (5)<br>Also listed in documents relating to the orphan girls was the Matron, MRS WOOLLER, who was employed in Madras to accompany the girls to Sydney. For her efforts she was paid £17/10/- before departure with another £17/10/- to be paid once she had discharged her duty to the girls on arrival in Sydney.<br>Notes by HH:(1) There was a marriage of an Ann Cardwell to Philip Gunning at St Matthew’s C of E, Windsor in 1847.(2) Caroline Davey, aka Sarah Chantry, married Thomas Collins at the Clarence River District, June 1846.(3) A Caroline Smith married Evan Richards at the Garrison Church Sydney in 1851.(4) A Helen Tooner married Walter W J Pearce at Albury 1854.(5) There were three marriages for a Mary Watts in Sydney in 1850, 1851 and 1852.'''

==Convicts==Transcribed 13.5.2009 by Heather Hall at State Records NSW, Kingswood. *Page 10, CARDWELL Mary Ann, 16, Arr 7.1.1843. Left 18.7.1843. This girl came from the [[Orphan Schools in Madras#Madras Military Female Orphan Asylum|Madras Military Asylum]]. To Mrs B Minders. (See note 1 below)*Page 12, DAVEY Caroline, 14, Arr 7.1.1843. Left 7.8.1843. This girl came from the Madras Military Asylum. To Mrs Hallen of Prospect, 7.8.1843. Returned 25.8.1843. Sent to Mrs Pearce of Surry Hills Sydney, September 1843. (See note 2 below)*Page 56, SMITH Caroline, 14, Arr 1.7.1843. This girl came from the Madras Military Asylum. Returned from Mrs Mills of Parramatta and afterwards given to Mrs Buchanan of Sydney. Returned to the school by Mrs Buchanan and given to Mrs Mills of South Head. Returned to School again for very disgraceful conduct on 26.3.1845. (No other dates were written on this record. HH) (See note 3 below)*Page 58, TOONER Ellen, 14, Arr 7.1.1843. Left 8.6.1847. This girl came from the Madras Military Asylum. Apprenticed to the Rev’d D Mackenzie of Albury and ??? River, 8th June 1847. (See note 4 below)*Page 63, WATTS Mary, 15, Arr 7.1.1843. This girl came from the Madras Military Asylum. Given to Dr Smythe but returned and sent to Mrs Fletcher of Lower George St Sydney. (No dates given) (See note 5 below)*Also listed in documents relating to the orphan girls was the Matron, MRS WOOLLER, who was employed in Madras to accompany the girls to Sydney. For her efforts she was paid £17/10/- before departure with another £17/10/- to be paid once she had discharged her duty to the girls on arrival in Sydney.

*[http'''Notes by HH://members.iinet.net.au/~perthdps/convicts/india.html Convicts Transported to Australia from India] - Perth DPS. For Military Convicts from Bengal, you can probably obtain a summary of the [[Court Martial]] proceedings in the General Orders by C-in-C Bengal in the L/MIL/17/2 series at the British Library, and similarly for the other Presidencies. (Unfortunately, these have not been microfilmed)'''

*[http://www#There was a marriage of an Ann Cardwell to Philip Gunning at St Matthew’s C of E, Windsor in 1847.slq#Caroline Davey, aka Sarah Chantry, married Thomas Collins at the Clarence River District, June 1846.qld#A Caroline Smith married Evan Richards at the Garrison Church Sydney in 1851.gov#A Helen Tooner married Walter W J Pearce at Albury 1854.au/info/fh/convicts British Convict Transportation Registers Database] includes European Soldiers sentenced #There were three marriages for a Mary Watts in Sydney in India1850, 1851 and 1852.

*India and NSW-Migration and Trade [http://wwwA newspaper item from the ''Bombay Times & Journal of Commerce'', 2nd April 1851 states 5 girls had been sent to New South Wales, indicating no further girls had been sent from Madras to that date.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archives/guides-and-finding-aids/archives-in-brief/archives-in-brief-79 NSW State ArchivesRefer [[Orphan newspaper items]] includes a section on convicts.

*[http://www.archives.tas.gov.au/guides/Con_guide.pdf Tasmanian Archives ==Convicts Guide].This document may be searched for ”India” ==

*See the FiBiwiki article on [http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/ojs/index.php/sydney_journal/article/viewFile/651/784 Sydney Journal, part of the Dictionary of Sydney[Convicts#Convicts transported to Penang|Convicts]] Some British military prisoners were sent first to Mauritius, and then to Sydney.

==External links==* Some soldiers committed crimes so they would be transported to [https://www.southasianstudies.org.au South Asian Studies Association of Australia, according to Emma Roberts who was in India 1828]*[http://launcestonhistory.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/17-24-1832Clark. She wrote: A few [soldierspdf "Sydney Cove and the Indian Connection"], driven to despair by the melancholy prospect of interminable exile, unable to await the slow approach of their recall, Linda Clark ''Launceston Historical Society Papers and allured by Proceedings'' 2011 page 17. Sydney Cove in the flowery descriptions of Australia, plunge into crime for title was the purpose name of exchanging honourable servitude in India for a felon's lot in a climate resembling that of Englandship.*[http://launcestonhistory.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/39-50-Walker. It is no very unusual circumstance for a soldier to attempt the life pdf "Sanatorium of his officer or his comrade, India: Climate and Tourism in the hope of being transported to a country possessing so many features akin to the land of his birth; 19th and even the punishment of death is to some less terrible than the prospect of eternal banishment from early 20th Century Tasmania"the home they left with little pain." From ] by Dr Marian Walker ''Scenes Launceston Historical Society Papers and Characteristics of HindostanProceedings'' by Emma Roberts 2011 page 39. This edition is Volume 2, 1837. Page 122 *[http://bookslauncestonhistory.googleorg.comau/books?id=CedwdbtjXfwC&pg=PA122 Google Bookswp-content/uploads/2016/11/75-86Edwards.pdf "Mars, Mammon and Venus in British India: Tasmanian Family Connections"]by Emeritus Professor Paul Edwards ''Launceston Historical Society Papers and Proceedings'' 2011 page 75.

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