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Links between Australia and India were established from an early date. The first Anglican chaplains, appointed from 1788 at the time when the first shipment of convicts were sent from Britain, were British Government officials. Then from 1825 - 1836 the Australian Continent formed part of the Diocese of Calcutta. This appears to have been for administrative purposes only as Church records for this period do not appear in the [[India Office Records|India Office Series]]. It is probable that any original intention to make regular visitations of New South Wales (as it was then called) from [[Calcutta]] proved impractical bearing in mind the huge distances involved. This is reflected in <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=_7sHAAAAQAAJ ''The inefficiency of the ecclesiastical establishment of India''] by Henry Shepherd in (1829).</ref>

*Article entitled ''Links with India: Records in the New South Wales State Archives relating to settlers and others.'' by Christine Yeats, Manager, Public Access, State Records Authority of New South Wales. This appeared in FIBIS journal no 16 – pages 28 to 39. For details of how this journal can be accessed online [http://www.fibis.org/membership.htm -2 FIBIS members] or purchased (non members) see [[FIBIS Journals]]

*Details of the book [http://www.hordern.com/publications/broadbent-india-china-australia.aspx ''India, China, Australia: Trade and Society 1788-1850''] by James Broadbent, Suzanne Rickard and Margaret Steven 2003 The chapter on Indian connections is titled "Lifelines from Calcutta" by Suzanne Rickard, pages 65-93 and footnotes pages 194-196. [http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/05/30/1054177716867.html Review] of the book by William Dalrymple* ''Colonial Cousins. A surprising history of connections between India and Australia'' by Joyce Westrip and Peggy Holroyde Wakefield Press 2010. [http://www.wakefieldpress.com.au/files/extracts/Colonial_Cousins_extract.pdf Extract from Colonial Cousins] Wakefieldpress.com which includes Contents, Foreword and Preface. A review by Sylvia Murphy of this book appeared in ''FIBIS Journal Number 24 (Autumn 2010)'',page 54. Refer [[FIBIS Journals]] for details of how to access the review.[http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/saturdayextra/colonial-cousins/3040558 Listen to an interview] with the author Peggy Holroyde 17 April 2010 ABC Radio (Australia)*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20100512005152/http://angloindian.wordpress.com/history / A Brief History of the Anglo Indians]'' by Dr. Gloria J. Moore, now archived. An article written for inclusion in a publication in 1988, ''The Australian People: an Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and Their Origins''. A second edition of this book by James Jupp, Cambridge University Press, 2001 is available in a [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yTKFBXfCI1QC&pg=PA435 Limited View Google Book], page 435.

*[http://home.alphalink.com.au/~agilbert/aijour~1.html Postcolonial migrations: Anglo-Indians in ‘White Australia’] by Alison Blunt. ''The International Journal of Anglo-Indian Studies'' Vol. 5, No. 2, 2000. Also by Alison Blunt, ''Domicile and Diaspora: Anglo-Indian Women and the Spatial Politics of Home''Wiley-Blackwell, 2005. This [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vTMew94_aToC&pg=PA147 Limited View Google Book] mentions the voyage of HMAS Manoora in 1947 on page 147.

*Reviews of the 2013 exhibition in Sydney: [http://stumblingpast.wordpress.com/2013/06/27/east-of-india-forgotten-trade-with-australia East of India: Forgotten Trade with Australia] by Yvonne Perkins 27 June 2013 stumblingpast.wordpress.com. [http://chloeokoli.com/visit-east-of-india-exhibition/ My Visit to the East of India Exhibition] 5 July 2013 by Chloe Okoli chloeokoli.com 

*[http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/using/search/index.aspx National Archives of Australia]. Click on 'Search as a guest' RecordSearch , then 'Passenger arrivals index'. Index to passenger arrivals by ship in Fremantle, and outports Western Australia and Perth Airport between 1 January 1921 1898- 15 January 19501966. Dates are those available at July 20092018, new data may be added. Includes passengers proceeding to ports further east, including New Zealand.**The National Archives of Australia has a category of records [https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/DetailsReports/SeriesDetail.aspx?series_no=A12288&singleRecord=T A12288], Department of Immigration. Form 49, being applications for permission to remain in Australia upon discharge from British Armed Forces. Mainly appears to consist of applications from outside Australia including India, c 1947. Includes servicemen from the Indian Army*[http://web.archive.org/web/20120409210014/http://www.tnet.com.au/~quincon/OurFamilyHist.html Michael Quin Conroy’s archived website] includes passengers lists for the [http://web.archive.org/web/20120409212703/http://www.tnet.com.au/~quincon/SSOrientPass.htm SS Orient in 1907] and the [http://web.archive.org/web/20120409212715/http://www.tnet.com.au/~quincon/HMASManooraPass1947.htm HMAS Manoora in 1947]

*[http://members.iinet.net.au/~perthdps/shipping/mig-wa.htm A directory of ships bringing passengers to Western Australia]Perth Dead Persons Society

**[httphttps://www.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archivesseries/guides-and-finding-aids/using-the-archives-resources-kit/arrivals-to-the-colony/arrivals-to-the-colony#persons-on-bounty-ships 5317 NRS 5317, Persons on bounty ships to Sydney, Newcastle and Moreton Bay ('Board's Immigrant Lists'), 1848-91] The ''William Prowse'' (see above) arrived 21 February 1853, and the ''Palmyra'' (see above) arrived 7 or 8 November 1854. At 3/2010 this list is not available online, but it may possibly become so, check ::Indexes from NRS 5317 are included in the searchable [httphttps://www.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archives/newscollections-and-research/onlineguides-microfilmand-ofindexes/assisted-shippingimmigrants-lists-available 'Online' microfilm of shipping lists availableindex Assisted Immigrants Index].  **Catalogue details of [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21484302?selectedversion=NBD11846488 Hay, Bob 1995, ''Burton, J. and the 'Eurasian experiment' '' B. Hay, 1995 (Newtown, N.S.W)] The This publication is available at the State Library of NSW and is the full text of an article published in abbreviated form in ''Descent'', the journal of the Society of Australian Genealogists.*A list of the Palmyra’s passengers.<ref>Hadley, Lynne [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20210210055802/https://archivermlarchives.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/readlistindexes/emails?listname=india/2009-10/1255178949 &thread=2241184 Palmyra passengers to Australia, 1854] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List] A list of the Palmyra’s passengers'' 10 October 2009, archived.</ref>

**[httphttps://www.archiveslinc.tas.gov.au/__dataarchive-heritage/assetsguides-records/pdf_filePages/0003/262884/immigration-guideImmigration.pdf Guide aspx Immigration to Free ImmigrationTasmania 1803-1946] , with a link to “Guide on records relating to free immigration”, and [httphttps://www.archivesstors.tas.gov.au/guides/CSO_guide.pdf au-7-0038-00112_1 Guide to the public records of Tasmania. Section 1, Colonial Secretary’s Secretary's Office Records] may be searched by P.R. Eldershaw. Search for “India”

*[httphttps://ndpbetatrove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/home newspaper Historic Australian Newspapers, from 1803 to 1954] is searchable and has many items which mention India.

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120318192808/http://www.naa.gov.au/naaresources/publications/research_guides/guides/childmig/pages/chapter3/g.htm The National Archives of Australia - Jewish child migration] , now an archived webpage. "Admission of Polish Refugee Children in India to Australia " 1946-49. Catalogue reference: A445, 255/1/8. Other associated files are A433 1944/2/5976 "Polish refugee children in Iran - Question of admission to Australia" and A434 1947/3/4316 "Polish refugee children - Admission to New Zealand":Also see [[Polish Refugees in India 1942-1948]] which includes a reference to the 'General Langfitt Group', who arrived in Fremantle in 1950 from East Africa, many of whom had previously been in India.

From around the mid nineteenth century there was a demand from India for stock horses from New South Wales (Australia). These were particularly popular with the Indian Cavalry as the horses were thought to be able to stand the climate of India better than horses from England. The Australian horses were known as [http://www.lighthorse.orgWalers.au/military/thewaler.htm Walers] :*A book has been written called ''Walers : Australian Horses Abroad'' by Yarwood, A. T. (Alexander Turnbull), 1927-2002. Melbourne University Press at the Miegunyah Press, 1989.: ISBN: 0522843859 [http://librariesaustraliaen.nlawikipedia.gov.auorg/appswiki/kss?mode=bas Search for a LibraryWaler_horse Waler horse] in Australia which has this bookWikipedia.<br>:*[http://enwww.wikipedialighthorse.org.au/wikithe-waler-a-breed-of-horse-legend-or-fact/Waler_horse Waler "“The Waler”… a breed of horse? Legend or fact?"] Wikipedia lighthorse.org. au

:*[httphttps://acmsdigital.sl.nsw.gov.au/itemdelivery/itemLarge.aspxDeliveryManagerServlet?itemIDembedded=true&toolbar=423868 false&dps_pid=FL1085500 Landing Waler Horses at Madras c 1834] Watercolour drawing at NSW State Library. [http://acmsarchival.sl.nsw.gov.au/itemDetails/archive/itemDetailPaged.aspx?itemID=423868 110320926 Details]. This is another Another drawing in the same [http://acmsdigital.sl.nsw.gov.au/albumdelivery/albumView.aspxDeliveryManagerServlet?acmsIDdps_pid=FL1085499&embedded=423868true&itemIDtoolbar=874482 false album]

:*An article 'European Orphans and Vagrants in India in the Nineteenth Century' by David Arnold in ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' , Volume 7,January 1979, number 2, pages 117 and 121 says

:The end notes of this article refer to a reference: 'In Charge of Horses from Melbourne to Madras' by ‘An Amateur Groom’, reprinted from ''Englishman’s Weekly Journal'', 15 July 1871, in ''India Legislative Procs''., no 44, 10 April 1874. Both these publications appear to be available at the [[British Library]], although its holding of the first publication catalogued under the alternative title ''Englishman's Saturday Evening Journal'' (published in Calcutta) 'lacks scattered issues'. '''Update''' ''The Englishman's Overland Mail'' of 15 July 1871 is now available on [[Findmypast]], see [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0002921%2f18710715%2f001 Findypast link], however no article of this title appears, so it is unclear whether these two titles are exactly the same. However the article, or possibly extracts, is available on Findmypast in the ''Times of India'' 10 July 1871 , page 5 , 6-7th columns, noted to be originally in ''Madras Mail'' July 4 [1871]. [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0002850%2f18710710%2f085&stringtohighlight=horses%20melbourne%20madras Findmypast link] (scroll down). These two links are only available for signed in findmypast subscribers.

This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2011-02/1297545190 post] is about an Australian jockey Prior to World War 2, most jockeys racing in Calcutta , the principal course in India, were Australians or Britons. Page 19 of this [http://www.scribd.com/doc/7189569/Kolkata-Sports-Heritage link]<ref> [http://www.scribd.com/doc/7189569/Kolkata-Sports-Heritage Kolkata Sports Heritage], page 19 Scribd.com. Also available [https://pdfslide.net/documents/kolkata-sports-heritage.html pdfslide.net].</ref> states that prior to World War 2, most jockeys racing in Calcutta, the principal course in India, were Australians or Britons.

This ==Soldiers==Men born in Australia also served in the Armies of India. They probably joined British Army regiments in Australia and subsequently served in India List then transferring to the East India Company Armies.<ref>[http://archiverboards.rootswebancestry.ancestryco.comuk/thlocalities.oceania.australia.general/read4184/INDIA/2011mb.ashx?pnt=1 Chelsea Pensioners -02/1298847407 post] mentions soldiers with an Australian jockey who was connection] Jean Ffrench on the Australia General Rootsweb message board 2004 </ref> <ref> [http://eprints.usq.edu.au/22032/2/Gehrmann_BW2012_PV.pdf " Colonial subalterns of Empire: Australians in India 1918during the movement for Swaraj, 1920-19491939"] by Richard Gehrmann, who was a member University of a platoon of jockeys in the Poona RiflesSouthern Queensland, Toowoomba. From "The British World: Religion, Memory, Society, a Volunteer RegimentCulture, during World War 2.-5 July 2012, Toowoomba, Australia" </ref>

==SoldiersOrphans==*This Rootsweb Australia Message Board [http://boards.ancestry.co.uk/localities.oceania.australia.general/4184/mb.ashx?pnt=1 2004 post] is called “Chelsea Pensioners - soldiers with an Australian connection”. It includes details of two men who were born in Australia and served in the Madras Artillery. They probably joined British Army regiments in Australia, subsequently served in India and transferred to the Madras Artillery in India.**WO 97/1209/78 James Delanty Born Sydney, Australia Served in Madras Artillery Discharged aged [Not Known] Covering date gives year of enlistment 1845**WO 97/1209/173 Joseph Purdy Born Hobart Town, Australia Served in Madras Artillery Discharged aged [Not Known] Covering date gives year of enlistment 1847== Boys ===

*'"Colonial subalterns In 1838 the government of New South Wales agreed to take seven boys (of not less than twelve years of age and of Empire: Australians ‘pure European descent ‘) from the [[Orphan Schools in India during Madras# Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum|Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum]]. The seven boys arrived on the movement 'Sesostris' in February 1841, their passage arranged and paid for Swaraj, 1920 - 1939" by Richard Gehrmann, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoombathe East India Company’s Marine Board. From "The British World: Religionseven boys were Samuel Hobart, James Marlow, MemoryJohn Harris, SocietyChristopher Connor, CultureWilliam Bird, 2-5 July 2012James Barry and James MacKin.<ref> ''India, ToowoombaChina, Australia" : Trade and Society 1788-1850'' pages 86-87, footnotes page 196. The boys details are in India Office Records F/4/1916 (Correspondence Book Entry 82082) at the British Library. </ref> <ref> Naida. [httphttps://eprintsweb.usqarchive.edu.auorg/22032web/220210210060003/Gehrmann_BW2012_PV.pdf pdf], [https://docsmlarchives.googlerootsweb.com/viewerlistindexes/emails?alistname=vindia&qthread=cache:NMbmvPFYisgJ:eprints8635709 Orphan Boys from Madras to Sydney] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 21 December 2003, archived.usq.edu.au</22032/2/Gehrmann_BW2012_PV.pdf+%22John+Masters%22+North+west+Frontier&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESh98VnDvzlXCWuJXzOKbW8TPFyGSZOr2MKr7RLYZCOVsy6nYTIeB7ECYGJv6HUTH3CSsID6L2WZ3NjoxPKKeNFdZrni6C2VJlsk-Di48eNbeRAD8GOckUwZ_Cj51aCZtxWTnweO&sig=AHIEtbQDaCSPbuaToiYFhpKdOJyVS9t6RA html version]ref>

==Orphans= Girls ===*Boys<br>In 1838 the government of New South Wales agreed to take seven boys (of not less than twelve years of age and of ‘pure European descent ‘) from the [[Orphan Schools in Madras# Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum|Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum]]. The seven boys arrived on the 'Sesostris' in February 1841, their passage arranged and paid for by the East India Company’s Marine Board. The seven boys were Samuel Hobart, James Marlow, John Harris, Christopher Connor, William Bird, James Barry and James MacKin.<ref> ''India, China, Australia: Trade and Society 1788-1850'' pages 86-87, footnotes page 196. The boys details are in India Office Records F/4/1916 (Correspondence Book Entry 82082) at the British Library. </ref> This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2003-12/1071967975 December 2003 post] is about some of those boys.

Heather Hall has advised: I'd been searching for ages for a Caroline Sarah Chantry b. 1828, daughter of John and Mary Davey and stepdaughter of Sgt William Chantry of the 45th Regiment. We knew from research at the [[British Library]] that she was orphaned in 1832 when there was an outbreak of cholera, but couldn't find how she came to Australia and was married at the Clarence settlement in 1846. To cut a very long story short, from FIBIS I discovered that she was admitted to the [http://www.search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/simplesearchsummarycat.php?mode=q&s_id=387 Madras Military Girls Orphan School] in 1834 as Caroline Davey and was still there in 1839 with her sister Ann Chantry. I found in an 1843 newspaper shipping list into Sydney were five orphan girls and their Matron from Madras and then three days later the only girls to be admitted to the Sydney NSW Orphanage were five girls aged 14 to 16, one of whom was my Caroline Davey. I found the shipping information on a film of the Sydney Morning Herald dated 4 January 1843 at the NLA as it is not yet part of the online newspaper project. The names of the girls and Matron were not listed, but I found the names on the NSW State records site. We then went to State Records at Kingswood and found information to confirm my online searching.