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This article details connections between British India and '''Australia''', particularly emigration and immigration.
==Historical background==
* ''Colonial Cousins. A surprising history of connections between India and Australia'' by Joyce Westrip and Peggy Holroyde Wakefield Press 2010. [http://www.wakefieldpress.com.au/files/extracts/Colonial_Cousins_extract.pdf Extract from Colonial Cousins] Wakefieldpress.com which includes Contents, Foreword and Preface. A review by Sylvia Murphy of this book appeared in ''FIBIS Journal Number 24 (Autumn 2010)'',page 54. Refer [[FIBIS Journals]] for details of how to access the review. [http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/saturdayextra/colonial-cousins/3040558 Download Listen to an interview] with the author Peggy Holroyde 17 April 2010 ABC Radio (Australia)*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20100512005152/http://angloindian.wordpress.com/history / A Brief History of the Anglo Indians]'' by Dr. Gloria J. Moore, now archived. An article written for inclusion in a publication in 1988, ''The Australian People: an Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and Their Origins''.
:The second part of the article mentions the many connections between India and Australia. Included in these is that a major shipment of settlers was organised by Sir William Burton, a judge in Madras in 1844. Burton was president of the Madras East India Society and sought relief for those who "are Christians and look to England as the land of their origin". The society sent two groups from Madras to Sydney in the William Prowse (1853) and the Palmyra (1854). (A similar scheme for Albany in Western Australia ended with a shipwreck.) Many of these men were compositors in the printing trade. Those settled by Burton were surveyed by the author Henry Cornish in 1875 and the results were published in 1879 in his '' [http://www.archive.org/details/undersoutherncro00corniala Under the Southern Cross''] (republished by Penguin in 1975). The original version of this book is available on the free website archive.org, [http://www.archive.org/stream/undersoutherncro00corniala#page/268/mode/2up page 269] gives details.
*[http://home.alphalink.com.au/~agilbert/blackf~1.html Chapter 59 - I Call Australia Home] by Stan Blackford ''The International Journal of Anglo-Indian Studies'' Volume 6, Number 1, 2001.
*[http://home.alphalink.com.au/~agilbert/curious.html The Curious Exclusion Of Anglo-Indians From Mass Slaughter During The Partition Of India] Experiences in India During 1947 of some who went to New Zealand by Dorothy McMenamin. ''The International Journal of Anglo-Indian Studies'' Volume 9, Number 1, 2006
*Reviews of the 2013 exhibition in Sydney: [http://stumblingpast.wordpress.com/2013/06/27/east-of-india-forgotten-trade-with-australia East of India: Forgotten Trade with Australia] by Yvonne Perkins 27 June 2013 stumblingpast.wordpress.com. [http://chloeokoli.com/visit-east-of-india-exhibition/ My Visit to the East of India Exhibition] 5 July 2013 by Chloe Okoli chloeokoli.com
==Archives and other records including Passenger Lists==
*[http://www.coraweb.com.au CoraWeb] Cora Num’s Australian gateway site for tracing family history includes shipping links.
*Catalogue details of [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21484302?selectedversion=NBD11846488 ''Burton, J. and the 'Eurasian experiment' '' B. Hay, 1995 (Newtown, N.S.W)] This publication is available at the State Library of NSW and is the full text of an article published in abbreviated form in ''Descent'', the journal of the Society of Australian Genealogists.
* A list of the Palmyra’s passengers.<ref>Hadley, Lynne [https://listsweb.rootswebarchive.ancestry.comorg/web/20210210055802/hyperkittyhttps:/list/india@mlarchives.rootsweb.com/listindexes/emails?listname=india&thread/=2241184/ Palmyra passengers to Australia, 1854] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 10 October 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2018, archived.</ref>
*Tasmanian Archives:
**[https://www.linc.tas.gov.au/archive-heritage/guides-records/Pages/Immigration.aspx Immigration to Tasmania 1803-1946], with a link to “Guide on records relating to free immigration”, and [https://stors.tas.gov.au/au-7-0038-00112_1 Guide to the public records of Tasmania. Section 1, Colonial Secretary's Office] by P.R. Eldershaw. Search for “India”
== Walers==
From around the mid nineteenth century there was a demand from India for stock horses from New South Wales (Australia). These were particularly popular with the Indian Cavalry as the horses were thought to be able to stand the climate of India better than horses from England. The Australian horses were known as Walers. :*[http://wwwen.lighthorsewikipedia.org.au/militarywiki/thewalerWaler_horse Waler horse] Wikipedia.htm Walers] :*[http://enwww.wikipedialighthorse.org.au/wikithe-waler-a-breed-of-horse-legend-or-fact/Waler_horse Waler "“The Waler”… a breed of horse? Legend or fact?"] Wikipedia lighthorse.org. au
:*''International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds'' by Bonnie L. Hendricks, Anthony A. Dent page 434 [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=CdJg3qXssWYC&pg=PA434 Google Books]
:*[http://www.archive.org/stream/somerecollection00nevirich#page/n5/mode/2up ''Some Recollections in the Life of Lieut.-Col. P.P. Nevill, late Major 63rd Regiment''] 1864 Archive.org. In 1834 Captain Nevill was in Sydney and was asked to take charge of a shipment of horses which were to travel on the same ship to India [http://www.archive.org/stream/somerecollection00nevirich#page/86/mode/2up page 87]. [http://www.archive.org/stream/somerecollection00nevirich#page/104/mode/2up Page 105] states that this was the first batch, on trial, that had succeeded in reaching India.
:*[httphttps://acmsdigital.sl.nsw.gov.au/itemdelivery/itemLarge.aspxDeliveryManagerServlet?itemIDembedded=true&toolbar=423868 false&dps_pid=FL1085500 Landing Waler Horses at Madras c 1834] Watercolour drawing at NSW State Library. [http://acmsarchival.sl.nsw.gov.au/itemDetails/archive/itemDetailPaged.aspx?itemID=423868 110320926 Details]. This is another Another drawing in the same [http://acmsdigital.sl.nsw.gov.au/albumdelivery/albumView.aspxDeliveryManagerServlet?acmsIDdps_pid=FL1085499&embedded=423868true&itemIDtoolbar=874482 false album]
:*"Thomas Hagger An Indian Army Veterinary Surgeon in Australia" by John Fisher commences page 5 of this [http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/234/1/avhs_012.pdf Australian Veterinary History Society 1995 Newsletter] pdf and mentions the trade in Australian horses to India c early 1840's.
:*An article 'European Orphans and Vagrants in India in the Nineteenth Century' by David Arnold in ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' , Volume 7,January 1979, number 2, pages 117 and 121 says
::A primary source of vagrants in the 1860s and 1870s, involved horse grooms from Australia. In order to get men to accompany the horses shipped to India, mainly from Melbourne, shippers spread fabulous reports of the abundance of well paid jobs and the easy living to be had in India. The grooms signed up only for the voyage and once the horses had been landed at Calcutta, Madras or Colombo they were discharged. For most of them jobs proved impossible to find, their pay was soon exhausted and they were left destitute.....The 1869 Act specified that those vagrants who could not find work “after a reasonable period of time ‘could be deported, subject to their own consent .The costs of deportation were to be borne by the state, and the deported vagrant was prohibited from returning to India for at least five years. An attempt was made to charge Australian horse shippers and their agents for the cost of deporting grooms left destitute in Indian ports, but a few test cases were sufficient to show the impossibility of making shippers pay. The threat of prosecution and fines did, however, contribute to the decline in the numbers of grooms left stranded in India.
:The end notes of this article refer to a reference: 'In Charge of Horses from Melbourne to Madras' by ‘An Amateur Groom’, reprinted from ''Englishman’s Weekly Journal'', 15 July 1871, in ''India Legislative Procs''., no 44, 10 April 1874. Both these publications appear to be available at the [[British Library]], although its holding of the first publication catalogued under the alternative title ''Englishman's Saturday Evening Journal'' (published in Calcutta) 'lacks scattered issues'. '''Update''' ''The Englishman's Overland Mail'' of 15 July 1871 is now available on [[Findmypast]], see [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0002921%2f18710715%2f001 Findypast link], however no article of this title appears, so it is unclear whether these two titles are exactly the same. However the article, or possibly extracts, is available on Findmypast in the ''Times of India'' 10 July 1871 , page 5 , 6-7th columns, noted to be originally in ''Madras Mail'' July 4 [1871]. [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0002850%2f18710710%2f085&stringtohighlight=horses%20melbourne%20madras Findmypast link] (scroll down). These two links are only available for signed in findmypast subscribers.
==Jockeys==
Prior to World War 2, most jockeys racing in Calcutta, the principal course in India, were Australians or Britons. <ref> [http://www.scribd.com/doc/7189569/Kolkata-Sports-Heritage Kolkata Sports Heritage], page 19 Scribd.com. Also available [https://pdfslide.net/documents/kolkata-sports-heritage.html pdfslide.net].</ref>
==Soldiers==
=== Boys ===
In 1838 the government of New South Wales agreed to take seven boys (of not less than twelve years of age and of ‘pure European descent ‘) from the [[Orphan Schools in Madras# Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum|Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum]]. The seven boys arrived on the 'Sesostris' in February 1841, their passage arranged and paid for by the East India Company’s Marine Board. The seven boys were Samuel Hobart, James Marlow, John Harris, Christopher Connor, William Bird, James Barry and James MacKin.<ref> ''India, China, Australia: Trade and Society 1788-1850'' pages 86-87, footnotes page 196. The boys details are in India Office Records F/4/1916 (Correspondence Book Entry 82082) at the British Library. </ref> <ref>Naida. [httphttps://archiverweb.archive.org/web/20210210060003/https://mlarchives.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/readlistindexes/emails?listname=india/2003-12/1071967975 &thread=8635709 Orphan Boys from Madras to Sydney] by Naida - ''Rootsweb India Mailing List '' 21 Dec December 2003, archived.</ref>
=== Girls ===
==External links==
*[httphttps://sasaawww.southasianstudies.org.au/?p=Home South Asian Studies Association of Australia]*[http://launcestonhistory.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/17-24-Clark.pdf "Sydney Cove and the Indian Connection"] by Linda Clark ''Launceston Historical Society Papers and Proceedings'' 2011 page 17. Sydney Cove in the title was the name of a ship.*[http://launcestonhistory.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/39-50-Walker.pdf "Sanatorium of India: Climate and Tourism in 19th and early 20th Century Tasmania"] by Dr Marian Walker ''Launceston Historical Society Papers and Proceedings'' 2011 page 39.*[http://launcestonhistory.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/75-86Edwards.pdf "Mars, Mammon and Venus in British India: Tasmanian Family Connections"] by Emeritus Professor Paul Edwards ''Launceston Historical Society Papers and Proceedings'' 2011 page 75.
==References==
