Changes

A '''doctor''' may See also be known as a '''Surgeon''' or (prior to 1873) an '''Assistant Surgeon', details of some individual [[Doctors and Surgeons]].''.

A '''doctor''' may also be known as a '''Surgeon''' or (prior to 1873) an '''Assistant Surgeon'''. The term Medical Officer is also used.Most of this article refers to surgeons who were employed by the Bengal, Madras, Bombay or Indian Medical Service/Departments. However some surgeons in British Army regiments were part of the Royal Army Medical Corps of the British Army. For Assistant Surgeons from 1894, refer [[Apothecary]] On 3 April 1943, the Indian Medical Service was amalgamated into the Indian Army Medical Corps, along with the Indian Medical Department, and the Indian Hospital & Nursing Corps This article contains many links to historical [[online books]]. ==Records=====Online records===*The following records are available on the pay website [[Findmypast|findmypast]] (as at June 2014) as the collection British India Office Assistant Surgeons, a section of the [http://www.awin1.com/cread.php?awinmid=2114&awinaffid=201071&clickref=&p=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.findmypast.co.uk%2Farticles%2Fworld-records%2Fsearch-all-uk-records%2Fspecial-collections%2Fbritish-india-office-collection British India Office Collection].<ref name=BIIC> [https://web.archive.org/web/20171203150857/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/britishinindia/index.html The British in India Collection] British Library Help for Researchers, now an archived webpage.</ref> These records are located in the category Education & work/Professions.**IOR/L/MIL/9/358, 360-364, 366-396 Assistant-Surgeons’ Papers, 1804-1854**IOR/L/MIL/9/397-408 Papers of Assistant-Surgeons selected by the Board of Examiners,, 1855-1881**IOR/L/MIL/9/409 Annual list of Assistant-Surgeons appointed giving Presidency, nominating Director and date of appointment, with separate lists of rank, 1787-1791**IOR/L/MIL/9/410 Annual lists of Assistant-Surgeons appointed giving Presidency, nominating Director, date of appointment and ship, 1791-1814**IOR/L/MIL/9/411 Annual lists of rank of Assistant-Surgeons, Madras Bengal and Bombay, 1794-1814**IOR/L/MIL/9/412 Register of candidates for Assistant-Surgeon posts giving address, dates of application and examination, result, and date of returning diplomas. 1865-1877**IOR/L/MIL/9/413-418 Papers of Surgeons selected by the Board of Examiners, 1882-1894**IOR/L/MIL/9/419 Papers of candidates selected for the Indian Medical Service, 1895-1896*findmypast, pay website, also contains the database [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-Records/britain-physicians-and-surgeons-1830-1923 Britain, Physicians and Surgeons, 1830-1923]. Based on data from Calendar of The Royal College of Surgeons in England 1865 to 1923, and Members of The Royal College of Physicians 1830 to 1918, in addition to online books, which are available online (for free), see below. Note these are databases in respect of Specialist doctors.*Ancestry, a pay website, in the category Schools, Directories & Church Histories has the following databases: **"[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/61103/ UK, Roll of the Indian Medical Service, 1615 -1930"]. (Released October 2016). This database consists of Index records and page images from the book of the same name by D.G. Crawford, see below under [[Doctor#Lists of medical officers|Lists of medical officers]]. **[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/61053/ "UK & Ireland, Medical Directories, 1845-1942"] (Released October 2016). These appear to be commercial publications. “Medical Directories list most practising and retired doctors in Britain and its colonies”. The main publication included is ''The Medical Directory'' (1870- 1942), (published at least some periods by J & A Churchill (or variant names) and sometimes referred to as ''Churchill's Medical Directory'') and earlier publications ''The London Medical Directory'' (1845-1846), ''The London and Provincial Medical Directory'' (1847-1869) ''The Medical Directory for Ireland'' (1852-1860), ''The Medical Directory for Scotland'' (1852-1860). Broken ranges. The 1924 edition includes Dental Surgeons, Dental Surgeons are also included in most/all? other editions.*:The 1861 edition appears to be the first edition which lists doctors resident overseas. As an example of the contents ''The Medical Directory for 1924 80th Annual Issue'' has sections “Abroad”, and “Naval, Military and Indian Services”, see Title page digital page 42 and [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/61053/images/43274_263021009496_0647-00042?ssrc=&backlabel=Return Contents page, digital page 43]. "Practitioners Resident Abroad registered under the Medical Acts of Great Britain and Ireland" [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/61053/images/43274_263021009496_0647-01713?ssrc=&backlabel=Return digital page 1714/original page 1601]. "Registered Practitioners Resident Abroad. Local List. [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/61053/images/43274_263021009496_0647-01895?ssrc=&backlabel=Return Digital page 1896/original page 1783] Grouped according to Continent/Country. To access these links you must be signed into Ancestry.::Available on Archive.org: ''The medical directory for Ireland'' [https://archive.org/details/b28035859_0001 1852], [https://archive.org/details/b28035859_0002 1856], [https://archive.org/details/b28035859_0003/page/n25/mode/2up 1858]; [https://archive.org/details/b28035859_0004/page/n23/mode/2up 1859], including [https://archive.org/details/b28035859_0004/page/270/mode/2up [Regulations and conditions relating to<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Her Majesty's Indian Forces"] page 270. [https://archive.org/details/londonprovincial00unse/page/16/mode/2up ''The London & provincial medical directory for 1861''], including [https://archive.org/details/londonprovincial00unse/page/986/mode/2up "A List of registered Non-Residents"] The 1861 edition appears to be the first edition which lists doctors resident overseas; [https://archive.org/search?query=+title%3A%28%22The+London+and+Provincial+Medical+Directory%22%29&sort=date ''The London and Provincial Medical Directory'' at Archive.org] for 1865, 1866; [https://archive.org/search?query=%28Churchill%29+AND+title%3A%28%22The+Medical+Directory%22%29&sort=date ''The Medical Directory'' at Archive.org] for 1870, 1872, 1873, 1876, 1878, 1884. :* Also available on Ancestry [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/33538/ "UK Medical Registers, 1859-1959"]. "This database contains annually published books listing all of the names of [UK] doctors who were licensed to practise in the United Kingdom and abroad from 1859-1959. Also included are foreign doctors who qualified in Britain. Although these books were published annually, registers have only been digitised on 4 year intervals".* See the Fibiwiki section [https://wiki.fibis.org/w/British_Army#The_.5BLondon.5D_Gazette The [London<nowiki>]</nowiki> Gazette] on the [[British Army]] page.*The ''British Medical Journal'' is available [http://www.bmj.com/archive/ online] from 1840 and is a source of information, particularly the obituaries. It probably has more relevance for English, rather than Scottish doctors. However, it is now only available to those who have a personal or institutional subscription. [http://www.bmj.com/search.dtl Search] the archives directly or access BMJ and other online journals through [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ PubMed Central] (PMC is the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature). Some editions are available online at Archive.org (refer below)*[http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College Of Physicians]. Search by Name. Obituaries of past Fellows [Specialist Physicians]. Royal College of Physicians, London. Based on twelve publications, the first four being::''The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, comprising biographical sketches of all the eminent physicians whose names are recorded in the Annals'' .. by William Munk :[https://archive.org/details/rollofroyalcolle01royaiala/page/n4 ''Volume I 1518 to 1700'']; [https://archive.org/details/rollofroyalcolle02royaiala/page/n4 ''Volume II 1701 to 1800'']; [https://archive.org/details/rollofroyalcolle03royaiala/page/n3 ''Volume III 1801 to 1825'']. All 2nd edition, revised and enlarged 1878 Archive.org:[https://archive.org/details/b21506322_0004/page/n6 ''Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of London 1826-1925''] compiled by G H Brown 1955 Archive.org. Catalogued as Volume 4 of the above series. Contains references to Indian service.*[https://archive.org/details/b21465812 ''List of Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh: from the year 1581 to 31st December 1873''] 1874 Archive.org. Fellows of this body are Specialist Surgeons. This book is the basis for the findmypast database "Scotland, Fellows Of The Royal College Of Surgeons Of Edinburgh 1581-1873" ===British Library===The [[British Library]] information page, now archived, [https://web.archive.org/web/20180817143450/http://www.bl.uk:80/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indiaofficerecordsfamilyhistory/occupations/indianmedicalservice/indianmedical.html 'Indian Medical Service'] lists records available in the BL.  There are also “detailed records of service of surgeons and assistant-surgeons, compiled at East India House” to 1858. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_5-5_1&cid=1-1-2#1-1-2 Bengal Service Army Lists - Medical IOR/L/MIL/10/70-74] c 1765-1858 and LDS microfilm [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/695418 catalogue entry]; [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_6-2_1-5&cid=1-1-1-5#1-1-1-5 Madras Service Army Lists - Medical IOR/L/MIL/11/70-72] c 1760-1858 and LDS microfilm [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/696654 catalogue entry]; [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_7-2&cid=1-1-1#1-1-1 Bombay Service Army Lists - Medical IOR/L/MIL/12/85-87] 1763-1858 and LDS microfilm [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/746535 catalogue entry]. It is not known to what extent these records are included in Crawford’s book ''Roll of the Indian Medical Service'', refer below.  Records are available on the pay website [[Findmypast|findmypast]] (as at June 2014) as the collection British India Office Assistant Surgeons, a section of the [http://www.awin1.com/cread.php?awinmid=2114&awinaffid=201071&clickref=&p=Recommended http%3A%2F%2Fwww.findmypast.co.uk%2Farticles%2Fworld-records%2Fsearch-all-uk-records%2Fspecial-collections%2Fbritish-india-office-collection British India Office Collection].<ref name=BIIC/> Refer [[Doctor#Online records|Online records]] above. A pdf document, now archived, by the Wellcome Library lists records in the British Library relating to [https://web.archive.org/web/20120906042136/http://library.wellcome.ac.uk/assets/wtl039702.pdf medicine and health], including manuscripts. ''Science and the Changing Environment in India 1780-1920: A Guide to Sources in the India Office Records'' by Richard Axelby and Savithri Preetha Nair 2009. The guide is arranged in eleven chapters including one in respect of health and disease including medical education. Refer [[Research guides readinglist]] for more details of this book. ===Online histories===Three histories, the first quite short, of the Indian Medical Service, which also contain some biographical details are:*[https://archive.org/details/b2265110x/page/n2/mode/2up ''Indian Medical Service Past and Present''] by Surgeon General W B Beatson (Late Deputy Surgeon General, Lahore Division) 1902. Reprinted from the ''Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review October 1902''. Archive.org* ''A History of the Indian Medical Service, 1600-1913'' (two volumes) by D. G. Crawford 1914. [https://archive.org/details/b21352148 Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/b21352148_0 Volume II] Archive.org. There are also additional files available on Archive.org.*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.115856/page/n1/mode/2up ''Surgeons Twoe and a Barber. Being some account of the life and work of the Indian Medical Service, 1600-1947''] by Lieut.-Colonel Donald McDonald 1950. Archive.org. Digital text quality is poor in places, particularly left located pages in the two page viewing option. [https://archive.org/details/surgeonstwoeandb0000unse/page/n9/mode/2up 2nd file, better quality print] Archive.org Books that may be helpfulto Borrow/Lending Library. More details about the book are contained in these reviews: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2068793/?page=1 Review 1] and [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2530269/?page=1 Review 2] ===Lists of medical officers=== Two particularly useful books, listing service histories etc, are:*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=t5ZRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR7#v=twopage&q&f=false''An Alphabetical List of the Medical Officers of the Indian Army 1764-1838'' ] by Edward Dodwell and James S. Miles (1839). Google Books. When viewing the alphabetical list, ensure that the viewing mode is two pages side by side, and if necessary click on the relevant icon.*''[[Military_reading_list#Medical_Departments|Roll of the Indian Medical Service 1615-1930]]'' by D.G. Crawford 1930. Review in FIBIS Military Reading List. Available with sample pages only Preview Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=DlK-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1 Volume One: 1615-1799], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=olK-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292 Volume Two 1800-1930]. **Ancestry, a pay website, has a database consisting of this book [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/indianmedicalservice/ "UK, Roll of the Indian Medical Service, 1615 -1930"] consisting of index records and images from the book.**The book is also available as a [[FamilySearch]] digitised microfilm, [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/287926 catalogue entry], viewable at a FS family history centre, or FS affiliate library, see [[FamilySearch Centres]]. : This book includes chapters relating to Bengal (pages 1-243), Madras (pages 244-390), Bombay (pages 391-496), General List 1897-1930(pages 497-601), Eastern Factories 1605-1775 (pages 602-604); Sumatra or West Coast 1696-1825 (pages 605-617); St. Helena 1684-1831 (pages 618-622); China 1763-1834 (pages 623-624); Prince of Wales Island (page 625); Appendices from page 629. If you are browsing the book through Ancestry, there are errata pages at the beginning of the digital file, before "Contents", pages xv-xvi, digital images 67-68. '''Other online lists:'''*Lists of surgeons, and prior to 1894, Assistant Surgeons may be found in the ''East-India Register and Directory'', published 1803-1860. The ''East-India Register'' was superseded by what was initially called ''The Indian Army and Civil Service List''. Later these were separated, and the ''India Army List'' is the volume which contains the surgeons. Many of the ''East India Register and Directory'' are available online, together with some editions of '' The Indian Army and Civil Service List'' and other directories such as the ''Bengal Directory'', and may be found on '''[[Directories online]]''', which also mentions some earlier publications available on subscription websites. Also see '''[[Indian Army List online]]''', with issues from July 1890. For details of these books and some earlier publications, in libraries or on microfilm or fiche, refer [[Directories reading list]]*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=h2nkEiSSDaYC&pg=PA550 "List of Principal Medical Officers"] in Madras from 1651-1800 (Google Books)*[http://www.ans.com.au/~rampais/genelogy/india/indexes/surgeons.htm Surgeons at Fort St George, Madras 1850-52].*[http://books.google.com/books?id=kfwBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA513 ''The Lancet''] (vol 1, 1858) lists the Medical Officers of the Bengal Medical Service who died during the Mutiny (Google Books)*''Madras Quarterly Journal Of Medical Science'' contains a medical directory for the Madras Presidency,commencing page i of the Appendix at the end of each volume.**[http://books.google.com/books?id=ahe1AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PR1 Madras at 1 October 1860], [http://books.google.com/books?id=0he1AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PR1 Madras at 1 April 1861], [http://books.google.com/books?id=ahi1AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PR1 Madras at 1 October 1861], [http://books.google.com/books?id=Dhm1AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PR1 Madras at 1 April 1862], [http://books.google.com/books?id=2xm1AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PR1 Madras at 1 April 1863] *[http://www.garenewing.co.uk/angloafghanwar/articles/surgeons.php Army Surgeons in the Afghan War and on the March to Kandahar] from Garen Ewing’s website The Second Anglo Afghan War 1878-1880*[https://archive.org/stream/englishwomansye01unkngoog#page/n129/mode/2up Medical women in India] page 104 ''Englishwoman’s Year Book and Directory 1899'' Archive.org. There is also a list for China.:[https://archive.org/stream/englishwomansye00unkngoog#page/n144/mode/2up Medical women in India] page 114 ''Englishwoman’s Year Book and Directory 1900'' Archive.org. There is also a list for China.*For some women doctors mentioned in annual reports of the "National Association for Supplying Female Medical Aid to the Women of India", part of The Countess of Dufferin’s Fund, see [[Doctor#Historical books online 2|Historical books online]] below. *[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.109762/page/n3/mode/2up ''List of Qualified Medical Practitioners, Military and Civil Assistant Surgeons, Hospital Assistants, etc., serving or practising in Bengal''] Catalogued 1904 Archive.org, Granth Sanjeevani Collection. A Government publication, which does not contain Surgeons in military employment, apart from a few on temporary military duty.*[https://wellcomecollection.org/works/cctcmrg6/items ''The Medical Directory of India, Burma and Ceylon, Part II 1910''] compiled by the editorial staff of the ''Practical Medicine'', published at Delhi. Part II is in respect of doctors in military employment including Royal Army Medical Corps, Indian Medical Service and Indian Subordinate Medical Department. Welcome Collection. [https://archive.org/details/med-directory-india-part2-1910/page/n5/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].*"God’s Acre in North-West India" by Colonel R. H. Firth ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps'' 1914. A record of the names, the careers, and details as to the graves of, or monuments to, all the medical officers buried or memorialized in the Punjab, the North-west Frontier Province, and Kashmir. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/23/3/320.full.pdf Part 1] Volume 23:3 320-333 and [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/23/4/415.full.pdf Part 2] Volume 23:4 415-439. Archive.org versions [https://archive.org/details/jramc-1914-vol23/page/319/mode/2up page 320], [https://archive.org/details/jramc-1914-vol23/page/415/mode/2up page 415]. :[https://archive.org/details/jramc-1915-vol24/page/287/mode/2up "Some Echoes of the Past"] by Lieutenant-Colonel W A Morris page 288 ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps'', Volume 24 1915 Archive.org. Medical officers who lost their lives in N-W P and Oudh Provinces 1788-1860.*[https://archive.org/details/thackers-med-directory-1915/page/n9/mode/2up ''Thacker's Medical Directory of India, Burma, and Ceylon 1915. Third year of publication''] Archive.org. Also includes a list of Nurses and Midwives.*[http://www.unithistories.com/officers/IndianArmy_officers_H01.html Indian Army Officers 1939-1945]*Africa**Uganda: [https://archive.org/search.php?query=subject%3AUganda++Gazette&sort=date ''The Official Gazette of the Uganda Protectorate'', Volumes 7-12, 1914-1919] Archive.org. The first issue for most/all years includes List of Medical Practitioners and Dentists on the Register.**South Africa and Rhodesia***[https://archive.org/details/b28407738_0001 ''South African Medical Directory 1896''], [https://archive.org/details/b28407738_0002/mode/2up ''South African Medical Directory 1897''] Archive.org. Includes Dentists. Also includes Bechuanaland, Rhodesia.'''Other lists:'''*''The Medical Directory of India, Burma and Ceylon ...'' Compiled by the editorial staff of the ''Practical Medicine'', published at Delhi. The edition for 1910 consists of 4 separate Parts<ref>[https://archive.org/details/texasmedicaljour2519unse/page/n424/mode/1up Advertisement in ''Texas Medical Journal''] circa p 415 1910 Archive.org</ref>. Part II consisting of those in military employment is available online, see above. Available at the British Library Part II 1908 UIN: BLL01000948662; 1910 UIN: BLL01000948663, but the entry does not say whether the holding is one, or more parts. Classified as a Journal, so perhaps there are further editions. Elsewhere <ref>[http://crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/254/14/M_.pdf Burma/Myanmar Bibliographical Project, Letter M, page 77] crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de.</ref> it is stated the title includes ''Including Native States, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States & British East Africa Protectorate".*''Thacker's Medical Directory of India, Burma and Ceylon'', published 1913-1915. The 1915 edition is available online, see above. The 1914 edition is at the British Library UIN: BLL01000948664 - enquire if there are additional volumes as it is classified as a Journal, perhaps implying more than one edition. 1913 (and 1915) editions appear to be available at Oxford and Cambridge University Libraries, and the National Library of Scotland. Also referred to as editions 1-3.:National Archives of India pay service "Digitise on Demand" includes ''Thacker's Medical Directory'' [https://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2400020 1914] (Identifier PR_000002709792) abhilekh-patal.in*''Thacker's Indian Medical Directory'', published 1922-1924. Also referred to as editions 4-6. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1708244/?page=1 Review of the 1924 edition] which indicates contents. Available at Oxford University Library and the National Library of Scotland, but this title is not listed in the British Library catalogue.:There appear to have been at least two further editions, including 1931, 8th edition. A [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5185740/?page=1 review] which indicates the contents (530 pages). The 1931 edition is available at the Royal Society of Medicine [https://www.rsm.ac.uk/the-library Library], London, ([http://rsm.sirsidynix.net.uk/uhtbin/cgisirsi/?ps=yPqEJXxHQ0/0/X/60/502/X Catalogue]) which also holds the 1923 edition. In addition this Library holds a book catalogued as : ''Medical Directory of India, Burma and Ceylon'' 1924 with "General Note: Including Indian States, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States & Africa Protectorates". ===Royal Army Medical Corps and the earlier British Army Medical Services===The Royal Army Medical Corps was established by Royal Warrant on 23rd June 1898. Prior to this there had been two distinct organisations within the Army Medical Services, the Medical Staff (i.e. the officers), and the Medical Staff Corps , which were combined to form the RAMC. For [[British Army]] medical personnel, the previously named [https://web.archive.org/web/20160813204714/http://www.ams-museum.org.uk/museum/faqs/#1 Army Medical Services Museum's FAQs] now archived page, advises that the AMSM has some details for officers who held a regular commission with the Army Medical Department and the RAMC until 1960. The museum has a small booklet available with useful advice for researching relatives who served with the AMS. Note: there has been a change of name to [https://museumofmilitarymedicine.org.uk/ The Museum of Military Medicine]. (This Museum is expected to relocate from its current location to Cardiff in the future.) Also refer [[British Army]] for personnel records. The [[British Library]] has the India Office Records: British Army in India: British Medical Officers serving in India '''IOR/L/MIL/15/20''' 1872-1912.  The book ''Commissioned officers in the medical services of the British Army, 1660-1960'' is available online, see below. ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps'' is now available online from 1903, refer below. "Since its early days the Journal also published “Corps News” which gave details of personal occurences of members of the RAMC including the promotion and postings of officers, honours and awards, qualifications gained by senior NCOs of the Corps, casualties whilst on campaign and obituaries of serving officers" <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20120504015144/http://www.ramcjournal.com/archive.html Archived JRAMC webpage].</ref> Note the "Corps News" appears to be at the back of each monthly edition, and may not be indexed. For some digital volumes, all the "Corps News" (6 editions) appear at the back of the volume. However, the "Corps News" appears to have ceased appearing in the Internet Archive (Archive.org) digitised versions in the early 1920s, although the publication continued, and there are also some digitised editions during WW2. ====First World War====*The National Archives’ [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/service_records/sr_women_med.htm Service Records for the First World War: women and medical personnel] advises::Many doctors were granted temporary commissions in the RAMC. Unfortunately, as the RAMC (Temp) officers only served for the duration of the war, their service records were destroyed after 1920. Those for RAMC officers who received permanent commissions between 1871 and 1922, accessible via the index in [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/C3063284 WO 338/23], are listed in [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/record?catid=13398&catln=3 WO 339]:The catalogue entry for WO 339 advises it includes records of British reserve officers who were commissioned into the Indian Army.:Note doctors who were young during the First World War may have also served in the Second World War and possibly there may be a service file at the UK Ministry of Defence. For details see [[British Army#Army_personnel_serving_after_January_1921|British Army - Army personnel serving after January 1921]].*Doctors including those in the Territorial Force are listed in ''Monthly Army List''s which have been digitised by the National Library of Scotland in the database [https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/102697258 '1914-1940 - Monthly army lists']. :As an example, for March 1917, the Listing for the Royal Army Medical Corps commences [https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/119991271 digital page 1251], including Territorial Force [https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/119991895 digital page 1303] and continues to [https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/119992183 digital page 1327]. '''Note'''. Medical Officers attached to Regiments will appear in the regimental listing, following Quarter-Masters, as an example [https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/119988271 digital page 1001] March 1917.*[http://www.ramc-ww1.com/research.php RAMC in the Great War: Researching the RAMC]*[http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/royal-army-medical-corps-in-the-first-world-war/ Royal Army Medical Corps in the First World War] ''The Long, Long Trail'' longlongtrail.co.uk*The [[British Library]] holds the book ''Doctors in the Great War'' by Ian Whitehead 1999 UIN: BLL01007821332 and a 2013 reprint edition UIN: BLL01016495645 . [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=3ZZICgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1 Sample pages] including [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=3ZZICgAAQBAJ&pg=PR5 Contents] and [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=3ZZICgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 Scope] Google Books. Does '''not''' include any listing of names. ====Historical books online====*[http://www.archive.org/stream/rollofcommisssio00johnuoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''Roll of Commissioned Officers in the Medical Service of the British Army, who served on full pay within the period between the accession of George II and the formation of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 20 June 1727 to 23 June 1898, with an introduction showing the historical evolution of the Corps''] by William Johnston 1917 Archive.org. Missing one introductory page, which is available in a 2nd digital file, [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279187/page/n5/mode/1up page vii] Archive.org.:[https://wellcomecollection.org/works/u35snta5 ''Commissioned officers in the medical services of the British Army, 1660-1960''] 2 Volumes, Vol.1: 1660-1727 by A. Peterkin; 1727-1898 by William Johnston; Vol. 2 1898-1960 by R. Drew. This publication covers permanent, regular officers. Volume 2 may be selected left hand side of the book reader. There is an index at the back of each volume. Scroll down the digital file. Left click on an individual page to reach a page which has size and rotation symbols. Close this page to return to main file. Wellcome Collection.:Excluded are the great majority of the Surgeons' Mates (Assistant Surgeons) who served during the eighteenth century, who were warrant officers, serving with warrants given by the Colonel commanding their regiments, and not commissioned officers, serving with warrants conferred by the King.<ref>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=DlK-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PR7 Preface], ''Roll of the Indian Medical Service 1615-1930, Volume One'' by D.G. Crawford 1930 Google Books.</ref>*[http://www.archive.org/stream/storyofourservic00gore#page/n3/mode/2up ''The Story of Our Services under the Crown: a Historical Sketch of the Army Medical Staff''] by Surgeon-Major Albert A. Gore 1879 Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/b28710319 ''On the Organization and Duties of the Bearer Company of the Medical Corps in War''] by Surgeon Major G J H Evatt, Army Medical Staff. London 1886 Archive.org**[https://archive.org/stream/b28710319#page/104/mode/2up "Native Auxiliary Ambulance Transport"] page 105.*[https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:250247/ Uniform details: A.M.S.C. [Army Medical Staff Corps<nowiki>]</nowiki> India] Gouache drawing c1900. Brown Digital Repository, Brown University Library. *[http://wellcomelibrary.org/item/b19255251 Royal Army Medical Corps Muniments Collection] Wellcome Library contains many digital items, some of which relate to India. For some digital items from this collection, see [[Doctors and Surgeons]].*[https://archive.org/details/withroyalarmyme00vivigoog ''With the Royal Army Medical Corps (R. A. M. C.) at the Front''] by E Charles Vivian 1914 Archive.org. Includes chapters on Composition and Duties, Training etc. *[https://archive.org/details/scalpelswordstre0000unse ''Scalpel, Sword and Stretcher : forty years of work and play''] by Colonel Robert J Blackham [1931] Formerly Hon. Surgeon to the Viceroy of India , and DDMS Ninth Army Corps in France. He joined the Army Medical Staff in 1895, and then was in India c 1897-1903, and 1908-1915. He established St. John’s Ambulance Association in India, which established/became the Red Cross. He was posted to France in 1915 where he was a doctor to fighting troops in battle. He was also posted to Italy and Russia. Archive.org Books to Borrow. Also available [https://digitalcollections.ucalgary.ca/Detail/2R3BF1F070BY4 Digital Collection University of Calgary] Canada. Download may be possible for the latter, see under Actions "Permissions and access"(registration required, fee seems to/perhaps may apply for digital copies- see [https://libanswers.ucalgary.ca/ FAQ]).*[http://jramc.bmj.com/content/by/year ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps'']. jramc.bmj.com. An Archive from 1903. The "Corps News" may not be not indexed, but may appear as a separate section at the back of each monthly edition, or as a separate section at the back of the book, up until December 1920. Note: the content of the Archive is '''searchable'''. Pdf files to access, by article. From 2020 the title changed to ''BMJ Military Health''. '''Update'''. This Archive now appears to be accessible by Subscription only.:Archive.org::[https://archive.org/details/journalofroyalar4190grea/page/n5/mode/2up Vol IV 1905 Jan.], [https://archive.org/details/journalofroyalar4190grea/page/840/mode/2up Index]; [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.230949/page/1/mode/2up Vol XI 1908: July], [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.230949/page/650/mode/2up Index]; [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.230947 Vol XII 1909 Jan.], [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.230947/page/707/mode/2up Index]; [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.230945 Vol XV 1910 July], [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.230945/page/767/mode/2up Index]; [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.26537 Vol. XVI 1911 Jan.], [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.26537/page/699/mode/2up Index]; [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.230948/page/1/mode/2up Vol. XVII 1911, July], [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.230948/page/677/mode/2up Index].:{|cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" border="1"|Volume 25, '''Jul –Dec 1915''' [https://archive.org/details/jramc-1915-vol25/page/717/mode/2up Volume 25 Index]|[https://archive.org/details/n1journal25grea 1 (Jul)] [https://archive.org/stream/n1journal25grea#page/146/mode/2up Corps News] |[https://archive.org/details/n2journal25grea 2 (Aug)][https://archive.org/stream/n2journal25grea#page/252/mode/2up Corp News] |[https://archive.org/details/n3journal25grea 3 (Sep)] [https://archive.org/stream/n3journal25grea#page/358/mode/2up Corps News]||[https://archive.org/details/n5journal25grea 5 (Nov)] [https://archive.org/stream/n5journal25grea#page/590/mode/2up Corps News]||-| Volume 30, '''Jan—Jun 1918''' [https://archive.org/stream/n6journal03grea#page/n105/mode/2up Volume 30 Index]||[https://archive.org/details/n2journal03grea 2 (Feb)] [https://archive.org/stream/n2journal03grea#page/234/mode/2up Corps News]|[https://archive.org/details/n3journal03grea 3 (Mar)] [https://archive.org/stream/n3journal03grea#page/356/mode/2up Corps News]|[https://archive.org/details/n4journal03grea 4 (Apr)] [https://archive.org/stream/n4journal03grea#page/454/mode/2up Corps News]|[https://archive.org/details/n5journal03grea 5 (May)] [https://archive.org/stream/n5journal03grea#page/534/mode/2up Corps News]|[https://archive.org/details/n6journal03grea 6 (Jun)] [https://archive.org/stream/n6journal03grea#page/628/mode/2up Corps News]|-|Volume 31, '''Jul-Dec 1918''' [https://archive.org/stream/n6journal31grea#page/502/mode/2up Volume 31 Index] |[https://archive.org/details/n1journal31grea 1 (Jul)] [https://archive.org/stream/n1journal31grea#page/96/mode/2up Corps News]|[https://archive.org/details/n2journal31grea 2 (Aug)] [https://archive.org/stream/n2journal31grea#page/176/mode/2up Corps News]|[https://archive.org/details/n3journal31grea 3 (Sep)] [https://archive.org/stream/n3journal31grea#page/256/mode/2up Corps News]|[https://archive.org/details/n4journal31grea 4 (Oct)] [https://archive.org/stream/n4journal31grea#page/338/mode/2up Corps News]| |[https://archive.org/details/n6journal31grea 6 (Dec)] [https://archive.org/stream/n6journal31grea#page/506/mode/2up Corps News]|-|}:[https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22Journal+of+the+Royal+Army+Medical+Corps%22%29&sort=date Archive.org editions from 1904 to 1962] broken range. Note the "Corps News" only appears in the digitised books on Archive.org until the early 1920s. However the publication continued and later became ''The R.A.M.C., The A.D. Corps, and Q.A.I.M.N.S. News and Gazette''.:*[https://archive.org/details/jramc-1913-vol21/page/345/mode/2up "Hints on taking over command of a Station Hospital for British Troops in India"] by Captain A C Elliott page 346 ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, Volume 21 1913'' Archive.org ==Historical background==*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2300847/?page=4 “Early History of the Indian Medical Service”]. British Medical Journal 7 February 1914, pages 317-319 Also includes names of doctors present at a medical dinner at Calcutta in 1914*[http://jramc.bmj.com/content/24/2/111.full.pdf "Some old Bengal Records"] by Colonel R. H. Firth, ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps'' 1915;24:2 pages 111-117*The [http://library.wellcome.ac.uk Wellcome Library], London has both books and archival material about the history of medicine.*"Surgeons In India, Past and Present" [http://books.google.com/books?id=F28oAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA217 "Past"] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=F28oAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA242 "Present,1854"] ''The Calcutta Review v. 22'' Published 1854 pages 217 and 242*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150926165039/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/histmed/downloads/ma_teaching/lo/c123_9c.pdf “European medicine in India from the sixteenth century”] (pdf), a transcribed lecture from University College London (2004), now an archived webpage.*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630004/ "Medicine amidst War and Commerce in Eighteenth-Century Madras"] by Pratik Chakrabarti, ''Bulletin of the History of Medicine'' 2006 Spring; 80(1): 1–38 *[https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jbsc/024/03/0259-0268 "The truth behind the legend: European doctors in pre-colonial India"] by Rajesh Kochhar ''Journal of Biosciences'' 1999 Sep.; 24(3): 259-68. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180317220706/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:WexWv74AyEkJ:prints.iiap.res.in/bitstream/2248/3416/3/The%2520truth%2520behind%2520the%2520legend:%2520European%2520doctors%2520in%2520pre-colonial%2520India+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au&client=safari Alternative version].*[https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/3D62948301B5B8E33F26C3D3F776A154/S0007087400029137a.pdf/tropical_medicine_in_nineteenthcentury_india.pdf "Tropical medicine in nineteenth-century India"] by Mark Harrison ''The British Journal for the History of Science'' [BJHS], 1992, 25 Issue 3, 299-318.*[http://jramc.bmj.com/content/97/6/471.full.pdf "The Directors of Medical Services in India"] by Major J. B. Neal, ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps'' 1951;97:6 471-491. They had the chief responsibility for British Military Medicine in India from 1857 to 1947.  Also see [[Public health]] ==Working conditions and duties==*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ybk_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA243 "East-India Medical Establishment"] page 243 ''The Regimental Companion: Containing the Pay, Allowances and Relative Duties of Every Officer in the British Service, Volume 3'' by Charles James 7th edition, considerably enlarged 1811 Google Books*Pension situation in Bengal in 1827. Letter in ''Oriental Herald'', Volume 14, 1827 [http://books.google.com/books?id=XPIaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA323 Google Books]*[https://archive.org/details/b22394023/mode/2up ''A code of medical regulations, for the Honorable East India Company's establishment of surgeons, belonging to the Presidency of Prince of Wales' Island, Singapore, and Malacca''] by W E E Conwell, Surgeon on the Madras Establishment 1828 Archive.org.*[http://www.archive.org/stream/codeofregulation00madr#page/n5/mode/2up ''Code of Regulations for the Medical Department of the Presidency of Fort St. George''] 1833 Archive.org*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=NpdeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7 ''Code of Regulations for the Medical Department of the Bengal Establishment''] by James Hutchinson, Secretary to the Medical Board 1838. Google Books*[http://books.google.com/books?id=4y5WftsInfgC ''Medical Advice to the Indian Stranger''] by John McCosh M.D. (1841). This [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=PJ8DHBay4_EC&pg=PA911 book] details the author's photographic work and Army career. He retired in 1856. Also refer [[Photographer]]. Google Books*[http://books.google.com/books?id=ZRUDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP9&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1 ''Handbook for Medical Officers of H.M. Service in India''] by Charles Alexander Gordon M.D. published 1851 (written 1846). Hints on the Duties of Medical Officers. Google Books*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=appeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Code of Regulations for the Medical Department of the Presidency of Bombay''] 1849 Google Books*"Echoes of the Past: The Army Medical Service in India, 1840–53" by Lieutenant-Colonel G. A. Kempthorne ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps'' 1931 [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/56/3/220.full.pdf Part 1] Volume 56:3 p 220-228 [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/56/4/299.full.pdf Part 2] Volume 56:4 p 299-310*''Annual Report of the Medical College of Bengal'': [https://archive.org/details/b2476680x Twelfth year 1846-47], [https://archive.org/details/b24766811 Thirteenth year 1847-48], [https://archive.org/details/b24766823 Fourteenth year 1848-49], [https://archive.org/details/b24766835 Fifteenth year 1849-50], [https://archive.org/details/b24766847 Sixteenth year 1850-51], [https://archive.org/details/b24766859_0 Seventeenth year 1851-52]. Archive.org*[http://books.google.com/books?id=oRgCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA324 Salaries of Indian Medical Officers in Calcutta c 1860], page 324 ''Medical Times and Gazette, Volume 1 1860'' (published London) Google Books*''A code of medical and sanitary regulations for the guidance of Medical Officers serving in the Madras Presidency'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=WhUDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 1], [http://books.google.com/books?id=NhcDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 2] by William Robert Cornish 1870 Google Books*[http://books.google.com/books?id=HXojAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA435 "The Medical Service of the British Army"], with a section on India (page 435), ''The British and Foreign Medico-chirurgical Review Or Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine and Surgery'' (1855) Google Books*[http://books.google.com/books?id=0i0AAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 ''A manual of medical jurisprudence for Bengal and the North-Western Provinces''] by Norman Chevers MD 1856 Google Books*[http://www.archive.org/stream/remarksonusesso02warigoog#page/n7/mode/1up ''Remarks on the uses of some of the bazaar medicines and common medical plants of India'', 2nd edition 1874] by Edward John Waring MD , [http://www.archive.org/stream/remarksonusesso01warigoog#page/n10/mode/1up 3rd edition 1875], [http://www.archive.org/stream/remarksonusesso00warigoog#page/n7/mode/1up 4th edition 1883], ([https://archive.org/details/13658605.5927.emory.edu 1860 edition] in English and Tamil) Archive.org*For more books on Indian medicinal plants and drugs see [[Scientific books online#Botany in British India|Scientific books online - Botany in British India]]*[https://archive.org/details/b22304642 ''Medical women for India''] by Frances Elizabeth Hoggan MD 1882. Archive.org. Reprinted from ''The Contemporary Review, August, 1882'', and from ''The Journal of the National Indian Association, October, 1882'' *[https://archive.org/details/b24907017 ''Report and evidence taken by the Committee appointed to enquire into the pay, status, and conditions of service of the medical officers of the army : with evidence concerning the Indian Service and some of the more important appendices. April 1890''] Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/39002086291359.med.yale.edu ''The Burma Medical Manual : containing rules for the management of charitable hospitals and dispensaries and for the guidance of medical officers under the Government of Burma ; issued under authority''] 1898 Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/medicaljurispru00waddgoog ''Medical Jurisprudence for India: with illustrative cases''] by I B Lyon, revised and brought up to date by L A Waddell, Lieutenant-Colonel, Indian Medical Service. 3rd edition 1904 Archive.org:[https://archive.org/details/medicaljurisprud00lyonuoft 7th edition 1921] by L A Waddell, Lt.-Colonel IMS (Retd). Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/b24758450 ''Around the world via India : a medical tour''] by Nicholas Senn 1905. Contains chapters on India and Ceylon, including hospitals. Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/b29003908/page/n5/mode/2up ''Army Regulations, India. Volume VI Medical. Corrected up to 1st April 1906''] by Government of India Military Department. Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/b28983105/page/n3/mode/2up ''A Hand-book for Officers of the Indian Medical Service in Military Employ''] by Captain H Boulton IMS, Medical Officer 31st Punjabis. 1909. Archive.org.*[https://archive.org/details/b28987913 ''The Indian Medical Service : being a synopsis of the rules and regulations regarding pay, promotion, pension, leave, examination, etc., in the Indian Medical Service, both military and civil''] by Major B G Seton IMS and Major J Gould IMS. 1912 Archive.org *[https://archive.org/details/fiftythousandmil00wall ''Fifty Thousand Miles on a Hospital Ship''] by “The Padre” [Charles Steel Wallis] 1917 Archive.org. The hospital ship that Padre Wallis joined in 1915 was most likely the 'Goorkha'.<ref>frev. [https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/253987-norwegian-matron-on-indian-hospital-ship/?do=findComment&comment=2569706 Norwegian Matron on Indian Hospital Ship] ''Great War Forum'' 3 October 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2020.</ref> She was then an Indian Hospital Ship staffed by doctors from the Indian Medical Service, although subsequently became a British Hospital Ship.*[http://dare.uva.nl/document/124912 ''Their Footprints Remain: Biomedical Beginnings across the Indo-Tibetan Frontier''] (pdf) by Alex McKay International Institute for Asian Studies 2007 Contents page 6(of the pdf) Notes page 250 Bibliography page 286 Index page 304, part of the Digital Academic Repository van de Universiteit van Amsterdam.**page 43, has a section in the introduction called "The Indian Medical Service and the Subordinate Medical Service". Chapter 1 (page 56) is called "Missionary Medicine and the Rise of Kalimpong" *[https://archive.org/details/b29809770 ''The Medical Profession in India''] by Major-General Sir Patrick Hehir [1923] Archive.org* ''I’d Live it Again'' by Lieut.-Col E J O’Meara, Indian Medical Service (rtd) 1935 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.523947 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. The author is catalogued as Meara. An autobiography. He joined the IMS in 1898.* ''Indian Medical Service: A Handbook'' by Major A. N. Chopra 1939 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.238424 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. ===Medical Journals===*''Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta'' [https://archive.org/details/s8id11857600/page/n6/mode/2up Volume 1, 1825], [https://archive.org/details/s8id13658440/page/n6/mode/2up Vol 2], 1826, [https://archive.org/details/s8id13658450/page/n6/mode/2up Vol 3, 1827], [https://archive.org/details/s8id13658460/page/n23/mode/2up Vol 4, 1829], [https://archive.org/details/s8id13658470/page/n6/mode/2up Vol 5, 1831], [https://archive.org/details/s8id13658480/page/n6/mode/2up Vol 6, 1833] Archive.org; [http://books.google.com/books?id=tZ8EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Vol 7 1835] Google Books; [https://archive.org/details/s8id13658500/page/n6/mode/2up Vol 8, 1836, Part I] Archive.org. The title then changed to ''Quarterly Journal of Calcutta Medical and Physical Society'' which appears to have been published 1837-1838 (six quarterly volumes), in 1842, with the final volume in 1845, again under the title of ''Transactions''... [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.502036/page/n5/mode/2up Vol 9, Part I, 1845] Archive.org.*''Madras Quarterly Medical Journal'' 1839 to 1844 - many interesting articles by Madras surgeons including medical reports on various regiments. Google Books:[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vwQHAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 1 1839],[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2AQHAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1 Volume 2 1840],[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8QQHAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 3 1841], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AAUHAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1 Volume 4 1842],[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CQUHAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1-IA1 Volume 5 1843],[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KQUHAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 6 1844]*''Madras Quarterly Journal of Medical Science'' Google Books:[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ahe1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume 1 1860], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0he1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume 2 1861], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ahi1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR6 Volume 3 1861], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Dhm1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR6 Volume 4 1862], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Bu4EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP19 Volume 5 1862], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2xm1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR6 Volume 6 1863],[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LBq1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume 7 1863], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uBq1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume 8 1865], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oia1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume 9 1866], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Sye1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume 10 1866], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ACi1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume 11 1867], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pyi1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume 12 1868], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pyi1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA409 Index to Volumes 1-12], pages 409-470 of Volume 12*''The Madras Monthly Journal of Medical Science'' Google Books:[http://books.google.com/books?id=gCS1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 ''Volume 2 July-December 1870''], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=gCS1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA481 Index], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=-yS1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 ''Volume 3, January-June 1871''] [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=-yS1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA473 Index], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=fyW1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 ''Volume 4, July-December 1871''] [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=fyW1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA473 Index], Google Books. [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b4313938?urlappend=%3Bseq=7 ''1872''], [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b4313938?urlappend=%3Bseq=503 Index to Volume V] Hathi Trust*''Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Bombay'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=Yh6gAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover Volume I, 1838], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Yh6gAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA373 No II 1839] (2 volumes in 1), [http://books.google.com/books?id=tR6gAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover No III, 1840], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=tR6gAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA227 No IV 1841], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=tR6gAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA157 No V 1842], (3 volumes in 1), [http://books.google.com/books?id=Ah-gAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover No VI, 1843], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ah-gAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA253 No VII 1844], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ah-gAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA209 No VIII 1845-1846] (3 volumes in 1), [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ISKgAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover No IX 1847-1848], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ISKgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA267 No X 1849-1850], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ISKgAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA1 Index Nos I-X], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=8yKgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR1 No I New Series 1851-1852], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=8yKgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA365 No II New Series 1853-1854] (2 volumes in 1), [http://books.google.com/books?id=2COgAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover No III New Series 1855-1856], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=2COgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR47 No IV New Series 1857-1858] (2 volumes in 1), [http://books.google.com/books?id=z58EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7 No V New Series 1859], [http://books.google.com/books?id=z58EAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PR31 No VI New Series 1860],(2 volumes in 1) [http://books.google.com/books?id=bZ8EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 No VII New Series 1861], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=bZ8EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR67 No VIII New Series 1862] (2 volumes in 1) [http://books.google.com/books?id=C5AEAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover No IX New Series 1869], [http://books.google.com/books?id=DJAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 No X New Series 1870] Google Books *[http://books.google.com/books?id=EX4FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR6 "East India and China Stations"] ''Annals of military and naval surgery and tropical medicine and hygiene: Volume 1 for the year 1863'' 1864 Google Books. (There were no further editions published).*'' The Indian Medical Gazette'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=oLkTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume 3, 1868] Google Books, [http://www.archive.org/stream/indianmedicalgaz03calcuoft#page/288/mode/2up Volume 4, 1869], Archive.org; [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hc3xuq?urlappend=%3Bseq=7 Volume 8, 1873],[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hc3xuq?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 Index] [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hc3xun?urlappend=%3Bseq=3 Volume 10, 1875], [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hc3xum?urlappend=%3Bseq=7 Volume 11, 1876] HathiTrust, [http://www.archive.org/stream/indianmedicalga00unkngoog#page/n5/mode/1up Volume 39, 1904] Archive.org. Further [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000551468 HathiTrust] editions for those in areas such as North America.:[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/2470/ US National Library of Medicine Collection 1866-1955], missing three editions. *The following Journals are available on Archive.org, mirrors of files from the Digital Library of India.**[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181760/page/n5 ''Indian Annals of Medical Science''] Volume 12 1867**[https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28Calcutta+Journal+of++Medicine%29&sort=-date ''The Calcutta Journal of Medicine''] , in an incomplete series ranging from Volume 8, 1876 to Volume 36, 1917 **[https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22Indian+Medical+Record%22%29&sort=-date ''The Indian Medical Record'']. A broken range from Volume 6, 1894 to Volume 20, 1901 (currently four volumes). *[https://archive.org/search.php?query=Scientific+memoirs+by+medical+officers+of+the+army+of+India&and%5B%5D=mediatype%3A%22texts%22&sort=-publicdate ''Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Army of India'']. Broken range of volumes from 1884 to 1897. Archive.org:[https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28Scientific+memoirs+by+officers+of+the+medical+and+sanitary+departments+of+the+Government+of+India%29&sort=-publicdate&page=1 ''Scientific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Government of India'']. Broken range of editions from New Series Volume 1 1902 to New Series Volume 60 1913. Archive.org*A broken range of editions of half yearly volumes of the ''British Medical Journal'' 1862-1923, and later, is available at [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%22British+Medical+Journal%22+AND+mediatype%3Atexts&page=1 Archive.org] including the [[First World War]] years:{|cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" border="1"|[https://archive.org/details/1914britishmedical01brit 1914:1] [https://archive.org/details/1914britishmedical02brit 1914:2]|[https://archive.org/details/1915britishmedical01brit 1915:1] [https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo21915brit 1915:2]|[https://archive.org/details/v1britishmedical1916brit 1916:1] [https://archive.org/details/1916britishmedic02brit 1916:2]|[https://archive.org/details/1917britishmedic01brit 1917:1] [https://archive.org/details/1917britishmedic02brit 1917:2]|[https://archive.org/details/1918britishmedic01brit 1918:1] [https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo21918brit 1918:2]|-|[https://archive.org/details/1919britishmedic01brit 1919:1] [https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo21919brit 1919:2]|[https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo11920brit 1920:1] [https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo21920brit 1920:2]|[https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo11921brit 1921:1] [https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo21921brit 1921:2]|[https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo11922brit 1922:1] [https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo21922brit 1922:2]|[https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo11923brit 1923:1] [https://archive.org/details/britishmedicaljo21923brit 1923:2]|-|}:In addition there, also on Archive.org, [https://archive.org/details/pub_british-medical-journal?&sort=date&page=1 ''British Medical Journal 1857-2015''] collection, consisting of digitised microfilm of the weekly editions, which is '''searchable as a collection'''. Some editions are Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.*[http://hdl.handle.net/10603/121660 ''Medical Thought and Practice in Colonial India: A Study of the Indian Medical Gazette (1866-1947)''] by Savitri Das Sinha 2011 PhD Thesis Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi includes**[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/121660/7/07_chapter%202.pdf "Chapter II Early Medical Journals in India (1825-1866)"] ===Appointment===*[http://books.google.com/books?id=cLsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA297 Rules for appointment in 1848] from ''The Oriental Interpreter and Treasury of East India Knowledge: A Companion to "The Hand-book of British India'' by Joachim Hayward Stocqueler (1848) page 297 (Google Books)*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924101205643#page/n181/mode/2up Entrance requirements c 1872], page 172, ''Index Scholasticus: Sons and daughters. A guide to parents in the choice of educational institutions, preparatory to professional or other occupation of their children'' by R. Kemp Philp 1872 (Archive.org) *[http://books.google.com/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA229 Regulations for appointment to the Indian Medical Service in 1905] in the India Office List (Google Books) For appointment procedures, refer to the Individuals section [[Doctors and Surgeons]] and George Aldred. ===Field hospitals===William Lewis M'Gregor, a surgeon himself, writing in his ''The history of the Sikhs'' (Vol 1, 1846), [http://books.google.com/books?id=ymgOAAAAQAAJ&dq=promptitude%20was%20well%20exemplified&pg=RA1-PA184#v=onepage&q=macleod&f=false describes the work of a regimental surgeon] during the [[1st Sikh War]] and calls for field hospitals to be used in future conflicts. [http://books.google.com/books?id=XhoCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA158 "The Loodianah Field Hospital, With Remarks On The State of The Army Medical Department in India"] by John Murray, M.D., Field Surgeon, page 158, ''Medical Times'' (published in 1849) is an account of a Field Hospital after battle in 1846, including medical details, with the slightly wounded carried out on elephants. [http://books.google.com/books?id=rEU7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA255 "Field Arrangements in India"] from ''Army Hygiene'' by Charles Alexander Gordon M.D. (1866) describes the Logistics of a Field Hospital, including details of the number of camels required. ===Civil Surgeons===Civil Surgeons, it seems, led demanding and frustrating lives although the pay was better than in the Military and the range of professional duties greater.*[http://books.google.com/books?id=oLkTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA272 "Civil Surgeons in India] ''The Indian Medical Gazette'' Volume 3, page 272 1868. Google Books *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Yz-zE8waQukC&pg=PA168 ''History of Medicine in India, page 168''] by Chittabrata Palit 2005. Preview Google Books*[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/21456 "Growth of the Civil Side of the Indian Medical Service -Since 1885"]. Report written 1 October 1912 by C. P. Lukis, Surgeon General, Director- General, Indian Medical Service. Link to a pdf download, DSpace website of Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (GIPE), Pune.  Assistant Surgeons, and sometimes Surgeons, in civil employment were often [[Superintendent of Jails]]. ===Non-medical duties===Some surgeons were engaged in work which today would be regarded as scientific or senior administrative roles. Most of the botanists in the earlier years were surgeons, see [[botanists and naturalists]] for more information. WCB Eatwell MD was ‘First Asst. and Opium Examiner. Board of Customs, Salt and Opium’. He was the author of [http://books.google.com/books?id=fiYUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 “Report no.1: On the Poppy Cultivation, and the Benares Opium Agency”] from ''Selections from the Records of the Government of Bengal'' (1851) Google Books. [http://www.archive.org/stream/indianmedicalga00unkngoog#page/n25/mode/1up/ “Doctors as Civil and Political Officers”] by Lieut-Col D G Crawford I.M.S from ''The Indian Medical Gazette, Volume 39, 1904'', page 1.

*[http://digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/index.html Medical History of British India - National Library of Scotland]*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190710144526/http://indiannumismatics.com/proddetail.php?prod===Individuals===013107 Button: Indian Medical Service] , from the time of George V (1910-) or George VI (1936-). indiannumismatics.com, archived.*[http://www.militarysunhelmets.com/2019/indian-medical-services-named-wolseley#more-19760 "Indian Medical Services Named Wolseley"] [Helmet] by Peter Suciu April 2019 militarysunhelmets.com . With photographs, showing the IMS flash. The helmet belonged to Clifford Llewellyn Ash c late 1930s-WW2.*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586218 "Early decades of Madras Medical College: Apothecaries"] by R Raman and A Raman ''Diseases of Natl Med J India'' . 2016 Mar-Apr;29(2):98-102. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150529070358/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704723104576061931702951172 Photograph: Hospital Shwebo [Burma<nowiki>]</nowiki> with Different Descriptions of Ambulances, 1887 – 1897] by Sir James AnnesleyFelice Beato. Wall Street Journal, 3rd edition, commences with details of his career as a Military Surgeon now an archived webpage. This photograph was included in an exhibition at the Madras Presidency from 1800 until he retired in 1838, after five years on the Medical Board. J Paul Getty Museum <ref> [http://bookswww.googlegetty.comedu/art/exhibitions/beato/books?id=wgsDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 Google Booksbeato_checklist.pdf Felice Beato: A Photographer on the Eastern Road], photograph 114, exhibition at the J Paul Getty Museum</ref>*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44225104 "The Journal of Patrick Sinclair Laing Assistant Surgeon, 86th Regiment, 1842-1848"] by H B Eaton. ''Narrative Journal of the Campaign of the Indus in Sind and Kaubool in 1838-9Society for Army Historical Research'' by Richard Hartley Kennedy MVol. 62, No. 250 (Summer 1984), pp. 74-89. Register and read online for free. jstor.org.DThe diary extracts commence October 1844. :[https://wellcomelibrary.org/item/b18395429 Online draft of this article] Wellcome Library RAMC/1582, Chief catalogued as "Draft of "The journal of the Medical Staff Patrick Sinclair Laing, assistant surgeon, 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot, 1842 to 1847, in India"". Note, the Bombay Division draft is longer, and has information from 1842. :Patrick Sinclair Laing was a member of the British Army of the IndusMedical Services. 1840 *[httphttps://booksstb.univie.googleac.comat/fileadmin/user_upload/i_istb/NE_Vortraege/books?id=BmVEAAAAIAAJ Volume 12016-03-04_-_Franz_-_German-speaking_medical_exile.pdf "German-Speaking Medical Exile to British India 1933-1945"] by Margit Franz. Website of Institut für Südasien-, Tibet- und Buddhismuskunde, Universität Wien. From the book Helmut Konrad, Stefan Benedik (eds.), ''Mapping Contemporary History II. Exemplary fields of research in 25 years of Contemporary History Studies at Graz University/Exemplarische Forschungsfelder aus 25 Jahren Zeitgeschichte an der Universität Graz''. [httphttps://books.google.com.au/books?id=UWVEAAAAIAAJ Volume 2AasnFTQrUmcC&pg=PA65 [Limited selection from<nowiki>]</nowiki> pages 61- 86]Google Books. *''The history of the Sikhs: containing These doctors were mainly Jewish. Between the lives years 1933 and 1938, there were three waves of forced emigration to British India. The first started in the Gooroos; year 1933 with German doctors. A second wave started with Jewish refugees coming from Italy. The Austrian exodus after the German occupation in March 1938 formed the history third wave of the independent Sirdars, or Missulsmedical refugees coming to British India, at which point Czech and Hungarian Jewish medical refugees started joining the life population of refugees. :Margit Franz is the great founder author of the Sikh monarchy''Gateway India. German-speaking Exile to India between British colonial rule, Maharajah Runjeet SinghMaharajas and Gandhi'' by William Lewis M’Gregor MD Surgeon 1st European Light Infantry 1846 Google Books . There is an interview with Dr. Margit Franz in a 2017 article [httphttps://booksjewishstandard.googletimesofisrael.com/from-the-reich-to-the-raj/ "From the Reich to the Raj"] (jewishstandard.timesofisrael.com).===Historical books?idonline===HlUoAAAAYAAJ Volume 1*[https://archive.org/details/voyagetoindiacon00walliala/page/n5 ''A voyage to India : containing reflections on a voyage to Madras and Bengal, in 1821, in the ship Lonach : instructions for the preservation of health in Indian climates and hints to surgeons and owners of private trading-ships'']; by James Wallach, Surgeon of the Lonach. 1824 Archive.org*[httphttps://booksarchive.org/details/notesonwoundedfr00will ''Notes on the Wounded from the Mutiny in India : with a Description of the Preparations of Gunshot Injuries contained in the Museum of Fort Pitt''] by George Williamson 1859 Archive.org.google:[https://archive.comorg/stream/b22336412#page/240/mode/books?id=5WJCAAAAIAAJ Volume 22up "Transportation of Sick and Wounded"] contains page 240 ''Military Surgery'' by George Williamson 1863 Archive.org. Includes details of the battlesconveyances used in India. *George Edward Aldred was ''Annual Report appointed an Assistant Surgeon in for the Madras National Association for Supplying Female Medical Service on Aid to the Women of India for the 20th year...'' [part of April 1847The Countess of Dufferin’s Fund]:[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.This 83397/page/n5 1891] including [httphttps://wwwarchive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.britishmedals2015.us83397/page/kevinn57 "Lady doctors"] page 52; [https:/profiles/aldredarchive.html linkorg/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.116847/page/n3 1909] from The Asplin Military History Resources shows the appointment procedures; [https://archive. He was Court Martialled org/details/in July 1848 and dismissed, as this .ernet.dli.2015.116858/page/n1 1918] including [httphttps://booksarchive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.google2015.com116858/page/books?id=WhcYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA589 linkn747 "Members of the Women’s Medical Service for India"] (digital page 747). All Archive.org*[Catalogued as] from [https://archive.org/details/IndianMedicalServiceReport1912 ''Allen’s Indian Mail 1848Medical Service Report 1912'' shows, but subsequently reinstated] Archive.org*''Autobiography A Dictionary of an Indian Army Surgeon: Or, Leaves Turned Down from a JournalMedical Science'' by Wilmington Walford MRobley Dunglison. Varying titles over time. Most editions contain the wording "Carefully revised and greatly enlarged" (or similar). :[https://archive.org/details/62650260RX1.nlm.nih.gov/page/n3/mode/2up 1833], [https://archive.org/details/101567857.nlm.nih.gov 2nd edition, 1839], [https://archive.org/details/101515233.nlm.nih.gov 3rd edition, 1842], [https://archive.org/details/101515227.nlm.nih.gov 4th edition, 1844], [https://archive.org/details/101515242.Dnlm. published 1854 nih.gov 5th edition 1845], [https://archive.org/details/101515244.nlm.nih.gov 6th edition, 1846], [httphttps://booksarchive.org/details/101515252.nlm.nih.googlegov 7th edition 1848], [https://archive.comorg/details/books?id=DlpHAAAAIAAJ Google Books101515261.nlm.nih.gov 1857]*Lists the Medical Officers of the Bengal Medical Service who died during the Mutiny , [httphttps://booksarchive.googleorg/details/medicallexicondi00dung 1860], [https://archive.comorg/details/books?id=kfwBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA513 Google Booksmedicallexicondi00dunguoft 1866]*, [httphttps://antiquecannabisbookarchive.comorg/details/llecondi00dung 1868], [https:/chap1/Shaughnessyarchive.htm Drorg/details/2medicallexicond00dunguoft 1874], [https://archive. William Brooke O'Shaughnessy (1809-1889)org/details/dictionaryofmedi1893dung 21st edition 1893] -modern treatment for cholera, introduced cannabis to Western medicine[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofmedi1903dung 23rd edition 1903] All Archive.org.:There are a few additional editions on [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22dictionary+of+medical+science%22+%29&sort=date Archive.org], laid first telegraph system currently all were published in Asiathe 1850s. ==Notes==<references /> {{#widget:Google PlusOne|size=small|count=true}}