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|workshop= ''see also'' [[GIPR Railway Workshops]] <br>[[Parel]] (BG), [[Bhusawal]], [[Harda]], [[Igatpuri]], [[Lonauli]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Bhusawal]]

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Formed in 1845, it was not until 1849 '''Bombay - [[Callian]]''' - 33.5 miles(at the urging of the then Governor, Lord Dalhousie54km) that the EIC sanctioned the GIPR to construct an experimental line*1850-51, built to the broad gauge of 5' 6", eastward from Bombay. The first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851, but the first passenger train in India did not run until *1853 April 16 April 1853, when a . A train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: ''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''. The 21 mile (34km) journey took an hour and fifteen minutes over , it was the first section of the GIPR to be opened. By 1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - vizfirst railway for passenger service in India. from Bombay, ''via'' Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore *1853- 870 miles; and from Callian, ''via'' Poonah and Sholapore54, to the opposite side continuation of the river Kristna, to meet the line, ''via'' Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000''l''l. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000''l''. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000''l''. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made."<ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref> [[Image:India-rail-1870.jpg|left|thumb|Map of GIPR in 1870Thane]]  When, in 1871, the GIPR eventually reached [[Jubbulpore]] and linked to the [[East Indian RailwayCallian]] (EIR), it completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route. On 30 June 1900, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI and merged with those of the later named [[Indian Midland RailwayKalyan]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by ) was the old company. On 1 July 1925, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] first contact awarded to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPRMessrs.  In 1951, the GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] Wythes and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]]Jackson, a zone of [[Indian Railways]]. The principal economic benefit of the GIPR was the opening up of the interior to external trade. The two lines up the Western Ghats were fully open by 1865 in time for cotton from the Deccan to be exported from Bombay to Manchester thus filling the trade gap created by the American Civil War. ==Construction=====The Western Ghats===The narrow coastal plain of India's west side is separated from the Deccan plateau by a mountain range which rises 1200m (3,900 ft) and which has always restricted internal communication with the Arabian SeaContractors|Messrs. ====Bhore Ghat Incline - between Kalyan Wythes and Poona==== The GIPR south-eastern route towards Madras. Incline length: 15 miles, tunnels: 26 (totalling 2.25 miles in length),and 8 viaducts of masonry construction. [[Civil EngineersJackson]] included:Consulting Engineer England: '''Robert Stephenson''' (until his death 1859)*GIPR Chief Engineer 1849 - 1862: '''James James Berkley''' (surveyor and route designer).*GIPR 2nd Engineer 1850 - CB Kerr*GIPR 3rd Engineer 1850 Robert W Graham (his assistant Robert Maitland Brereton)Consultant engineer 1847 - 1867: '''Arthur Anderson West''' (surveyor of the Bhore Gate Incline).<refname=GGW&J>[http://www.icevirtuallibrarygracesguide.co.comuk/docserver/fulltext/imotp.1913.17480.pdf Wythes_and_Jackson Grace's Guide "Obituary of Arthur Anderson West MICEWythes and Jackson"] p 363; Retrieved 6 Jul 2016</ref> GIPR Engineers: Messrs Adamson . This section of the line involved a railway bridge over the Thane creek and Clowser, replaced by Messrs West the two-line [[Tannah Viaduct]] over the estuary and Tate in November 1859two tunnels. '''Construction Contractors''' The contract This viaduct was awarded (autumn 1855) the first substantial railway bridge to be constructed in India and connected Bombay Island to '''William Frederick Faviell''' the mainland and work begun at Bhore Ghat on 24 January 1856. In March 1859, Faviell gave up his contract; for a short time, two GIPR engineers, '''Swainson Adamson''' opened and '''George Louis Clowser''', carried on the work1 May 1854.

The GIPR construction contract was relet in November 1859 to Solomon Tredwell who died within fifteen days of landing in India. His wife, Alice Tredwell, assumed the contract and appointed Messrs Adamson '''North-East Line''' - [[Bombay]] via [[Callian]] and Clowser to manage the contract for her in her absence, as Mrs Tredwell returned to England. This arrangement was [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]] to last seven years. [[Jubbulpore]] - 615 miles(990km)

“These gentlemen The GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]]'s proposal was to form a grand trunk communication by the north-eastern mainline between [[Bombay]] and [[Calcutta]], *1857-61, [[Callian]] (Adamson and Clowserlater named [[Kalyan]]) to [[Kasara]] section constructed, a further 42 miles(68 km)<ref>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Graces Guide "Great Indian Peninsula Railway - 1865"]; Retrieved 3 Jul 2016</ref> rising to an altitude of 948 feet(289m) carried on above sea level at [[Kasara]] at the work with approach to the greatest zeal [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]]. Opened in 1861.*1857 Aug, [[Messrs. Wythes and abilityJackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs.” Labour management could limit construction progress, but “by their good Wythes and liberal management Jackson]] were awarded the contract for the '''[[Thal Ghat Railway Construction]]''' *1857-65. The [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat Railway]] was a major project to take the GIPR mainline across the Western Ghats towards [[Jubbulpore]]. The [[Kasara]] to [[Igatpuri]] section was 9.5 miles(Adamson 15km) and Clowserwithin that distance the line had to rise to 1,918 feet(585m) collected . The construction required 13 tunnels, 6 viaducts, including the [[Ehagaon Viaduct]]; cuttings; embankments; 15 bridges and kept culverts and the Reversing Station <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books "Paper on the work (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway" incline delivered to the Bombay Mechancs Institution in December 1860 by the GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]], page 20.] Retrieved on 2 Jul 2016</ref>.*c.1859-65, [[Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] were awarded a force further contact to construct a further section of 25the GIPR north-eastern line from [[Igatpuri]] at the end of the Thal Ghat,000 men during two seasonsthis was opened in stages reaching [[Chalisgaon]] in 1861, [[Jalgaon]] in 1863 and [[Bhusawal]] in 1865, a total of 191.24 miles(307km)<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n73/mode/2up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 64-68, pdf pages 73-77]; Retrieved 6 Jun 2016</ref>.*1861 -65, [[Igatpuri]]-[[Jalgaon]]-[[Bhusawal]] progressivly opened. *1863-67, [[GIPR Nagpur Branch]] from [[Bhusawal]] was built by [[Messrs. Lee, Watson and Ayton, Construction Contractors]]. *1865, with completion of more than 42[[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]] the mainline from Bombay reached [[Khandwar]].*1868 July, [[Robert Maitland Brereton]],000 men.”GIPR Chief Engineer was given responsibility for completing the connection between [[Bhusawal]] and [[Jubbulpore]] which he completed many months ahead of schedule <refname>[http://www.maharashtra.govthestatesman.incom/pdfmobi/gazeetter_reprintnews/Thane8th-Iday/trade_roadsthe-opening-of-the-mumbai-to-kolkata-railway/141013.html#5 SL3vjC1hEy3Vmu3P.99 The Statesman, New Delhi "The opening of the Mumbai to Kolkata railway by Michael Sandford, May 9 2016]; Retrieved Railways] Thana District Gazetteer3 Jul 2016</ref>. *1870 March 8. The [[Alfred Viaduct]] was inaugurated and named after the Duke of Edinburgh (Alfred Ernest Albert) who was visiting India and travelled by East Indian Railway from Calcutta. The Viceroy and the Governor of Bombay, Sir Fitzgerald Seymour had come from Bombay. With the opening of the GIPR North-Eastern Line the connection at [[Jubbulpore]] to the [[East Indian Railway]] (EIR) completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.

'''South-East Line''' - [[Callian]] via [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]] and [[Poona]] to meet the [[Madras Railway]] - 409 miles(658km)*1856 May, the line was extended to the villages of [[Palasdhari]](Padusdhurree) and to [[Khopoli]](Campoolie) <ref name====Thul wiki> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway#Bombay_to_Tannah Wikipedia “Great Indian Peninsula Railway”]; Retrieved 25 June 2016</ref> at the approach to the [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]]. The *1856-63. The '''[[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction]]''' was a major engineering challenge to take the GIPR mainline across the Western Ghats towards Madras. The construction with GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]] in charge involved an incline - between Kalyan length of 15 miles(24km), 26 tunnels (totalling 2.25 miles(3.6km) in length), and Nasik8 viaducts of masonry construction.*1858, the line from [[Khandala]] to [[Poona]] section was opened to traffic <ref name=wiki/> , this section included the [[Dapoorie Viaduct]] *1858-63, during this period, the 21 km gap to [[Khandala]] was covered by palanquin, pony or cart through the village of Campoolie <ref name=wiki/>. *1863, [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]] completed the mainline was through to [[Poona]](now called Pune) and [[Sholapore]](Solapur).*1870, the [[Kistna Viaduct, Raichur(GIPR)|Kisna Viaduct]] was opened and [[Raichur]] was reached in May 1871 <ref name=Admin>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n73/mode/2up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 64-68, pdf pages 73-77]; Retrieved 23 Jul 2016</ref> where it joined the [[Madras Railway]] to link to [[Madras]] <ref name=GIPR/>.

'''Progress from 1870''' *With the completion of the GIPR mainlines the three Presidency Capitals of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta were linked. The length of the route opened was then 1483 miles/2388 km <ref name=GIPR/>. *1900 June 30, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.*The GIPR north-eastern route towards continued to expand its network with the addition of 'Branch Lines', 'Absorbsion' of certain railways and 'Working Agreements' on other railways ''(see lists that follow)''. *1918 Administration Report on Indian Railways gives the GIPR broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line length as 2668 miles(4293km); and including 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) lines, a total of 3441 miles(5331km) <ref name=Admin/>. *1925 Jan 1, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPR. *1951. The GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the Gangetic plain[[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].

Bombay's [[Bombay Victoria Terminus Construction Railway|Victoria Terminus ]] was both the principal station and GIPR's HQ; designed by [[architect]] Frederick William Stevens. [[Bombay Victoria Terminus Construction Railway|Victoria Terminus Construction]] commenced in 1878, it opened on Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubileeand completed in 1888. 

== Records GIPR Branch Lines and extensions - chronological order==This information from the “Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"<ref name=Admin/> *Khopoli Branch, SE line; [[Palasdhari]](Padusdhurree) to [[Khopoli]](Campoolie) 1856: 7.24 miles. This section became a branch line on the opening of the [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]] in 1863. *[[GIPR Nagpur Branch|Nagpur Branch, NE line]]; Bhusaval to Baderna 1863-65, to Nagpur 1867: 243.25 miles*Khamgaon Branch, NE line; Jalamb to Khamgaon 1870: 7.97 miles*Amraoti Branch, NE line; Baderna to Amraoti 1871: 5.49 miles*Mohpani Branch, NE line; Gadarvada to Mohpani 1872; extended to Goitoria 1896 and to new coal-fields 1900: 13.68 miles*Manmad Branch, SE line; Dhond to Manmad: 145.44 miles*Jalagon-Alalner Branch, NE line; Jalagon to Alalner 1900: 34.26 miles*Chalisgaon-Dhulia Branch, NE line; Chalisgaon to Dhulia 1900: 34.95miles*Bombay Harbour Branch, NE line; 1910: 6.19 miles *Itsari-Nagpur Branch, NE line; Itsari to Parasia; 1913-15: 134.42 miles; finally extended to Nagpur 1923-24 as part of [[Bhopal-Itsari Railway]]*Mahim Chord, NE line; Ravali to Mahim, 1914

The following are held in ==Railways absorbed into GIPR== *[[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]], opened 1904. Constructed to provide extra capacity between Agra and Delhi; worked by GIPR*[[Allahabad-Jubbulpore line]], opened 1867. Built by [[East Indian Railway]](EIR); transferred to GIPR, 1925*[[Amraoti State Railway]], opened 1871. Branch railway to Baderna on GIPR. Worked by GIPR and finally taken over.*[[Bina-Goona-Baran Railway]], opened 1895. Owned by State of Gwalior and Udaipur Durbar; worked by [[Indian Midland Railway]](IMR); amalgamated into GIPR , 1900*[[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]]; opened 1878. A 'chord' line connecting the GIPR south-eastern main line to [[India Office RecordsMadras]] at with the GIPR north-eastern main line to [[Allahabad]], passed to GIPR 1880. *[[Indian Midland Railway]](IMR). State agency formed 1882 to work several branch lines centred on Jhansi, amalgamated into GIPR, 1900 **[[Agra-Gwalior Railway]], opened 1881; Indian State line, owned by Gwallior Durbar, known as [[Scindia State Railway]], working taken over by IMR 1885; then in 1900 becoming part of GIPR 'Midland Section Mainline'. **[[Cawnpore-Kalpi-Jhansi Railway]], opened 1886. Line completed 1888 by IMR.**[[Bhopal State Railway]], opened 1884. Indian State line, initially worked by IMR as Bhopal-Itarsi (Indian State Section).**[[Bhopal-Itarsi Railway]], opened 1882. State(British Library) Section; worked by IMR, 1885.**[[Bhopal-Ujjain Railway]], opened c.1895. Indian State line worked by IMR.**[[Bina-Katni Railway]], opened 1889. Part of IMR.**[[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]], opened 1878. A 'chord' line connecting GIPR main lines; constructed by [[Government of India |GoI]] and handed to GIPR, 1880.**[[Jhansi-Bina Bhopal Railway]], opened 1889. Part of IMR.** [[Jhansi-Gwallior and Katni Railway]], opened 1889. Part of IMR.**[[Jhansi-Konch-Kalpi Railway]], opened 1886. Part of IMR. **[[Jhansi-Manikpore State Railway]], opened 1889. Part of IMR.**[[Kunch- Madhggarh Railway]].Project in 1906 by IMR/GIPR as extension to [[Ait-Kunch Branch Railway]]

==Lines worked by GIPR at some time - alphabetical order==*[[Ait-Kunch Branch Railway]], opened 189?. Indian State line initially worked by [[Indian Midland Railway]](IMR); then worked by GIPR *'''L/AG/46/12/86''' : [[Ambaji-Taranga Light Railway]], opened 1919-20. Unassisted Company formed 1917; apparantly worked by GIPR*[[Baran-Kotah Railway]], opened 1908. Worked by GIPR , 1909*[[Cawnpore-Banda Railway]], opened 1913-14. Worked by GIPR Lists , 1914*[[Central Provinces Railway Co Ltd]](CPR). A British owned company, formed 1910, operating a group of NG lines; all worked by GIPR ; under [[Government of India |GoI]] management, 1925**[[Darwha-Pusad Railway]], opened 1931. Part of appointments (officers 1849CPR**[[Dhond-1885; workmen 1852Baramati Railway]], opened 1914-1880)15. Part of CPR*'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : *[[Ellichpur-Murtazapur-Yeotmal Railway]], opened first section opened as Yavatmal Murtijapur Railway 1903, extended to Ellichpur 1913 . Known informally as [[Shakuntala Railway]]. Part of CPR **[[Pachora-Jamner Light Railway]], opened 1919. Part of CPR**[[Pulgaon-Arvi Railway]], opened 1917-18. Part of CPR*[[Gwalior Light Railway]], opened 1899. Owned by State of Gwalior; worked by GIPR Contracts ; renamed [[Scindia State Railway]] 1944 **[[Ujjain-Agar Branch Railway]], opened 1932. Part of employment (officers 1886[[Gwalior Light Railway]]*[[Khamagaon-1925Jalna Railway]]. The date of opening of the railway is not known; the railway was under consideration in 1906.*[[Khamgaon Branch Railway]]. Short branchline of 12km between Jalamb and Khamgaon; workmen 1881worked by GIPR. The date of opening of the railway is not known.*[[Salsette Trombay Railway]], opened 1928. Operated by GIPR, closed 1934**[[Kurla-1925)Trombay Railway]], opened 1928. Part of [[Salsette Trombay Railway]]; worked by GIPR*[[Nizam's Railway]], opened 1874. Worked by GIPR until 1878; then by [[Government of India |GoI]]; became [[Nizam''Z/L/AG/46''' : Index s Guaranteed State Railway]], 1886*[[Pench Valley Coalfield Railway]], opened 1913. Private Branch Line to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849[[Itarsi-1925)Nagpur Railway]]; worked by GIPR*[[Wardha Valley Railway]], opened 1874. Worked by GIPR, also called Wardha Coal Railway*'''Mss Eur D1184/14''' : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860[[Wardha-Nov 1861 British LibraryWarora Railway]], Asiaopened. Opened in 1877, Pacific and Africa Collectionsmanaged by GIPR by 1905

==StaffPersonnel=='''IOR Records'''The following [[India Office Records]] (IOR) are relevant :-*Jas Robert Campbell was recorded in the Bombay ecclesiastical records deaths registers as "foreman, goods traffic, GIP railway". He died of a hepatic abscess in 1887 at the age '''L/AG/46/12/86''' : GIPR Lists of 58 appointments (vol 61 fol 166officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880).*India List [http:'''L/AG/46/archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com12/th88''' : GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)*'''Z/readL/INDIAAG/201246''' : Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-011925)*'''Mss Eur D1184/1326323413 post] about 14''' : Anthony Joseph Oss who worked for the GIPR and who was born in Italy in 1840. This may suggest Italy as a possible country of origin for some other GIPR employees.Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov

'''FIBIS Resources'''*[http://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=Notes1068&s_id==<references 323 List of Indian Railways UK Contracted Staff taken from IOR Series L/AG/46/>12]. FIBIS database

== External Links links ==

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131120075151/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/vim0PsB8bW75gL0GQFEkaK/Mumbai-Multiplex--The-line-starts-here.html "Mumbai Multiplex : The line starts here"] by Supriya Nair 4 January 2013. livemint.com "The ‘heritage wing’ of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus is a railway enthusiast’s dream"*[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mumbai-over-100-documents-of-great-indian-peninsula-railway-to-be-digitised-2907994/ "Mumbai: Over 100 documents of Great Indian Peninsula Railway to be digitized"] by Neha Kulkarni, July 12, 2016 ''The Indian Express''.==Historical photographs online==*[https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-Y-03022-S/1 Hawkes collection of Indian Railway Photographs (Y3022S)] Royal Commonwealth Society Library/ University of Cambridge Digital Library. The description states "An album containing albumen prints of various sizes by R. Phillips of Darjeeling, Samuel Bourne and others. The name of F.A. Hawkes, who was an engineer... appears frequently in it". :Once inside the digital file, click on Contents for image titles. includes photographs whose titles include GIPR 1868-1869.===Historical books online===*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MnAgAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 ''The Cotton and Commerce of India: considered in relation to the interests of Great Britain; with remarks on Railway Communication in the Bombay Presidency‬''] by John Chapman, founder and late manager of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company 1851 Google Books. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MnAgAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR19 Contents-Railway Chapters] page xix.