Changes

|workshop= ''see also'' [[GIPR Railway Workshops]] <br>[[Parel]] (BG), [[Bhusawal]], [[Harda]], [[Igatpuri]], [[Lonauli]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Bhusawal]]

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*1845. Registered as a company in 1845, with its head office in London, the Great ‘Great Indian Peninsula railway initially proposed a length of 1300 miles, to connect Bombay with the interior of the Indian peninsula and to a major port on the east coast. It was meant for the purpose of increasing the export of cotton, silk, opium, sugar and spices . The Announcement of company formation gave the listing of the ‘Committee of Management ‘ <ref name=GIPRRegGIPR>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway:_1845_Company_Registration Grace's Guide " GIPR 1945 Company Registration] Retrieved on 3 Jul 20165 May 2020</ref>. One of these being [[Robert Stephenson]], London based Consulting Engineer, he remained in this capacity until 1859*1847. [[Robert Stephenson |Stephenson ]] reported preliminary findings to the directors, although he cannot have been in a position to provide more than general advice and a reviews of the material gathered by the surveys This concluded that the best method to climb 1800 feet over the Ghat mountains in just 15 miles was to use locomotives assisted by ropes worked by a stationary engine <ref name=biog>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=BzErDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books “Robert Stephenson – The Eminent Engineer” edited by Michael R. Bailey; page 155-57] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>.* 1847-48. The subsequent recession removed the financial incentive for railways in India but the GIPR scheme continued but only through the involvement of the ’East India Company’ which guaranteed a minimum of 5% dividend , however only a 35 mile route between Bombay and Kalyan was authorised <ref name=biog/>.*1849, at . At the urging of the Governor, Lord Dalhousie, the East Indian Company(EIC) sanctioned the construction of a broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) railway eastward from [[Bombay]] and the Great ‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company ‘ was incorporated on August 1, 1849 by an act of the British Parliament. It had a share capital of 50,000 pounds. On August 17, 1849 it entered into a formal contract with the EIC for the construction and operation of an experimental line, 35 miles(56 km) long. The Court of Directors of the EIC appointed [[James John BerkeleyBerkley]] as Chief Resident Engineer and [[Charles Buchanan Ker]] and [[Robert W Graham]] as his assistants <ref name=GIPR>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Grace's Guide Gide "Great Indian Peninsula Railwaywhich quotes from 'Morning Post' - Saturday 18 August 1849""]; Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>.* 1850. [[Robert Stephenson |Stephenson ]] provided the directors with cost estimates and recommended [[James John Berkley]] as Chief Engineer to supervise the building of the line. The Court of Directors of the [[East India Company]] appointed [[James John Berkeley]] as Chief Resident Engineer with [[Charles Buchanan Ker]] and [[Robert W Graham]] as his assistants <ref name=GIPR/>*1850. A Tender was submitted for the first railway contract in Western India, from Bombay to Tanna, by [[William Frederick Faviell]] and Henry Fowler. The Tender was accepted by the ‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company’<ref name=Faviell>[https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/William_Frederick_Faviell 'Grace's Guide' - "William Frederick Faviell"] Retrieved on 3 Jul 20165 May 2020</ref>. *1851-53. [[William Frederick Faviell|Faviell]] and Fowler actively prosecuted the work, Fowler’s health failed after a few months’ exposure to the climate of India, and compelled his return to England. The execution of the contract then devolved entirely upon Faviell, and was completed to the satisfaction of the Company, the line being opened for traffic on the 16th April, 1853. That was the first line of railway opened for public traffic in India, and in its construction the first locomotive engine used in Asia was introduced on the 23rd February, 1852, for ballasting the line near Bombay <ref name=Faviell/>.*1859. [[George Berkley]] succeeded [[Robert Stephenson]] as GIPR Consultant Engineer based in London. Previously Assistant and had been liaising with his brother [[James John Berkley]], Chief Resident Engineer.

The GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John BerkeleyBerkley]]'s proposal was to form a grand trunk communication by the north-eastern mainline between [[Bombay]] and [[Calcutta]],

*1857-65. The [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat Railway]] was a major project to take the GIPR mainline across the Western Ghats towards [[Jubbulpore]]. The [[Kasara]] to [[Igatpuri]] section was 9.5 miles(15km) and within that distance the line had to rise to 1,918 feet(585m). The construction required 13 tunnels, 6 viaducts, including the [[Ehagaon Viaduct]]; cuttings; embankments; 15 bridges and culverts and the Reversing Station <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books "Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway" incline delivered to the Bombay Mechancs Institution in December 1860 by the GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John BerkeleyBerkley]], page 20.] Retrieved on 2 Jul 2016</ref>.*c.1859-65, [[Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] were awarded a further contact to construct a further section of the GIPR north-eastern line from [[Igatpuri]] at the end of the Thal Ghat, this was opened in stages reaching [[Chalisgaon]] in 1861, [[Jalgaon]] in 1863 and [[Bhusawal]] in 1865, a total of 191.24 miles(307km)<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n73/mode/2up 1up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 64-68, pdf pages 73-77]; Retrieved 6 Jun 2016</ref>.

*1863-67, GIPR [[GIPR NagpurBranch]] Branch from [[Bhusawal]] was built by [[Messrs. Lee, Watson and Ayton, Construction Contractors]]. *1865, with completion of [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]] and the [[Taptee (Bhusawal) Viaduct GIPR| Taptee Viaduct]] near [[Bhusawal]] the mainline from [[Bombay ]] reached [[KhandwarKhandwa]].

*1856-63. The '''[[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction]]''' was a major engineering challenge to take the GIPR mainline across the Western Ghats towards Madras. The construction with GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John BerkeleyBerkley]] in charge involved an incline length of 15 miles(24km), 26 tunnels (totalling 2.25 miles(3.6km) in length), and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.

'''Progress ===GIPR Development from 1870''' === *With the completion of the GIPR mainlines the three Presidency Capitals of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta were linked. The length of the route opened was then 1483 miles/(2388 km ) <ref name=GIPR/>. *[[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the GIPR “]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] Line opened 1870/71, 400 miles(644km), giving total Line length 1272 miles(2047km) and nil to be finished’. The Report also details of the [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway._Paragraphs_63.2C64.3B_Page_34.2C35|‘progress of the railway and the commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for Report details.''*1900 June 30, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the [[Government of India]](GoI ) and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.*The GIPR continued to expand its network with the addition of 'Branch Lines', 'Absorbsion' of certain railways being ‘Absorbed’ and 'Working Agreements' on other railways - [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked|'''(see lists that follow)See separate page - GIPR Lines Owned and Worked'''. ]] *1918 Administration “Administration Report on Indian Railways gives Railways” <ref name=Admin/> describes the ‘Great Indian Peninsula System’ with a total of 3441 miles(5489km). Comprising the GIPR ‘GIPR broad gaugegauge’ ([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line length as of 2668 miles(4293km); and including 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge(other Railways [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_GaugeGreat Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked|NGas detailed on separate ‘GIPR Lines‘ page]]) lines, a total of 3441 miles(5331km) <ref name=Admin/>.

[[Image:Victoria Terminus. G I P Ry, Bombay.JPG‎|right|thumb|320px|''Victoria Terminus, G I P RyGIPR, Bombay'']]

==GIPR Branch Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and extensions - chronological orderworked==This information from the “Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"<ref name=Admin/> *Khopoli Branch, SE line; [[Palasdhari]]The GIPR operated an extensive network of railways of broad gauge(Padusdhurree) to [[KhopoliRail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]](Campoolie) 1856: 7.24 miles. This section became a branch line on In 1905 the opening of the [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]] in 1863. *Nagpur Branch, NE line; Bhusaval to Baderna 1863-65, to Nagpur 1867: 243.25 route mileage was 1562 miles*Khamgaon Branch, NE line; Jalamb to Khamgaon 1870: 7.97 (2514km) and by 1918 was 2553 miles*Amraoti Branch(4109km) divided into three sections ‘North East Division’, NE line; Baderna to Amraoti 1871: 5.49 miles*Mohpani Branch, NE line; Gadarvada to Mohpani 1872; extended to Goitoria 1896 ‘South East Division’ and ‘Midland Division’ and to new coal-fields 1900: 13their associated branches.68 miles*Manmad Branch, SE line; Dhond to Manmad: 145.44 miles*Jalagon-Alalner BranchThe GIPR also managed, NE line; Jalagon to Alalner 1900: 34worked and maintained a number of lines on behalf of other parties.26 miles*Chalisgaon-Dhulia Branch, NE line; Chalisgaon to Dhulia 1900: 34.95miles*Bombay Harbour Branch, NE line; 1910: 6.19 miles *Itsari-Nagpur Branch, NE line; Itsari to Parasia; 1913-15: 134.42 miles; finally extended to Nagpur 1923-24 as part of [[Bhopal-Itsari Railway]]*Mahim Chord, NE line; Ravali to Mahim, 1914

==Railways absorbed into GIPR== *[[Agra-Delhi Chord Railway]], opened 1904. Constructed to provide extra capacity between Agra and Delhi; worked by GIPR*[[Allahabad-Jubbulpore line]], opened 1867. Built by [[East Indian Railway]](EIR); transferred to GIPR, 1925*[[Amraoti State Railway]], opened 1871. Branch railway to Baderna on GIPR. Worked by GIPR and finally taken over.*[[Bina-Goona-Baran Railway]], opened 1895. Owned by State of Gwalior and Udaipur Durbar; worked by [[Indian Midland Railway]](IMR); amalgamated into GIPR , 1900*[[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]]; opened 1878. A 'chord' line connecting the GIPR south-eastern main line to [[Madras]] with the GIPR north-eastern main line to [[Allahabad]], passed to GIPR 1880. *[[Indian Midland Railway]](IMR). State agency formed 1882 to work several branch lines centred on Jhansi, amalgamated into GIPR, 1900 **[[Agra-Gwalior Railway]], opened 1881; Indian State line, owned by Gwallior Durbar, known as [[Scindia State Railway]], working taken over by IMR 1885; then in 1900 becoming part of GIPR See seperate page'' ''Midland Section Mainline'. **[[Cawnpore-Kalpi-Jhansi Great Indian Peninsula Railway]], opened 1886. Line completed 1888 by IMR.**[[Bhopal State Railway]], opened 1884. Indian State line, initially worked by IMR as Bhopal-Itarsi (Indian State Section).**[[Bhopal-Itarsi Railway]], opened 1882. State(British) Section; Lines owned and worked by IMR, 1885.**[[Bhopal-Ujjain Railway]], opened c.1895. Indian State line worked by IMR.**[[Bina-Katni Railway]], opened 1889. Part of IMR.**[[Dhond-Manmad State Railway]], opened 1878. A 'chord' line connecting GIPR main lines; constructed by [[Government of India |GoI]] and handed to GIPR, 1880.**[[Jhansi-Bina Bhopal Railway]], opened 1889. Part of IMR.** [[Jhansi-Gwallior and Katni Railway]], opened 1889. Part of IMR.**[[Jhansi-Konch-Kalpi Railway]], opened 1886. Part of IMR. **[[Jhansi-Manikpore State Railway]], opened 1889. Part of IMR.**[[Kunch- Madhggarh Railway]]. Project in 1906 by IMR/GIPR as extension to [[Ait-Kunch Branch Railway]]'

==Lines worked by GIPR at some time - alphabetical orderLater Development==*[[Ait-Kunch Branch Railway]], opened 189?. Indian State line initially worked by [[Indian Midland Railway]]Railways (IMRIR); then worked by GIPR *[[Ambaji-Taranga Light Railway]], opened 1919-20. Unassisted Company formed 1917; apparantly worked by GIPR*[[Baran-Kotah Railway]], opened 1908. Worked by GIPR , 1909*[[Cawnpore-Banda Railway]], opened 1913-14. Worked by GIPR , 1914*'''[[Central Provinces Railway Co Ltd]]Zone''' (CPRCR). A British owned company, was formed 1910, operating a group of NG lines; all worked on 5 November 1951 by GIPR ; under [[Government of India |GoI]] management, 1925**[[Darwhagrouping several government-Pusad Railway]], opened 1931. Part of CPR**[[Dhond-Baramati Railway]]owned railways, opened 1914-15. Part of CPR**[[Ellichpur-Murtazapur-Yeotmal Railway]], opened first section opened as Yavatmal Murtijapur Railway 1903, extended to Ellichpur 1913 . Known informally as [[Shakuntala Railway]]. Part of CPR **[[Pachora-Jamner Light Railway]], opened 1919. Part of CPR**[[Pulgaon-Arvi Railway]], opened 1917-18. Part of CPR*[[Gwalior Light Railway]], opened 1899. Owned by State of Gwalior; worked by GIPR; renamed [[Scindia State Railway]] 1944 **[[Ujjain-Agar Branch Railway]], opened 1932. Part of [[Gwalior Light Railway]]*[[Khamagaon-Jalna Railway]]. The date of opening of including the railway is not known; the railway was under consideration in 1906.*[[Khamgaon Branch Railway]]. Short branchline of 12km between Jalamb and Khamgaon; worked by GIPR. The date of opening of the railway is not known.*[[Salsette Trombay Railway]], opened 1928. Operated by GIPR, closed 1934**[[Kurla-Trombay Railway]], opened 1928. Part of [[Salsette Trombay Railway]]; worked by GIPR*[[Nizam's Railway]], opened 1874. Worked by GIPR until 1878; then by [[Government of India |GoI]]; became [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], 1886*[[Pench Valley Coalfield Railway]], opened 1913. Private Branch Line to [[Itarsi-Nagpur Railway]]; worked by GIPR*[[Wardha Valley Railway]], opened 1874. Worked by GIPR, also called Wardha Coal Railway*[[Wardha-Warora Railway]], opened. Opened in 1877, managed by GIPR by 1905‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway’

*[http://searchfibis.fibisourarchives.org/frontisonline/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=1068&s_id=323 List of Indian Railways UK Contracted Staff taken from IOR Series L/AG/46/12]. FIBIS database '''[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Personnel]]''' gives details of GIPR staff from several other sources:-*Grace's Guide<ref>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Main_Page “Grace’s Guide”]; Retrieved 3 Jul 2016</ref> *Wikipedia and many other sources.