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|workshop= ''see also'' [[GIPR Railway Workshops]] <br>[[Parel]] (BG), [[Bhusawal]], [[Harda]], [[Igatpuri]], [[Lonauli]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Bhusawal]]|stations= ''' [[Agra]]''', [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Amraoti]], [[Banda]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bhusawal]], ''' [[Bombay]]''' , '''[[Cawnpore]]''', [[Chanda]], ''' [[Delhi]]''', [[Dholpur]], [[Gwalior]], [[Hotgi]], [[Itarsi]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Khandwa]], [[Muttra]], [[Nagpur]], [[NarsinghpueNarsinghpur]], [[Poona]], [[Raichur]], [[Saugor]], [[Wadi]]''See also heading '''Stations''' for major stations marked'' '''bold'''

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Like most [[Image:India-rail-1870.jpg|right|thumb|Map of the early railways GIPR in India, the '''1870]][[File: Great Indian Peninsula Railway Map 1909 north section.png|thumb|Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' (GIPR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under licence and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the Map 1909 – north section]][[East India CompanyFile: Great Indian Peninsula Railway Map 1909 south section.png|thumb|Great Indian Peninsula Railway Map 1909 – south section]] (EIC){{Railwaymap |railway= the North East Division|link= http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=108089533651928306068.0004776aacede4ad4baa7}}

Formed in 1845, it The challenge was not until 1849 (at to create two lines through the urging of the then GovernorWestern Ghats, Lord Dalhousie) that one to the EIC sanctioned north-east and one to the GIPR to construct an experimental linesouth-east, built these were fully open by 1865 in time for cotton from the Deccan to the broad gauge of 5' 6", eastward be exported from Bombay. The first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and to Manchester thus filling the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851, but trade gap created by the first passenger train in India did not run until 16 April 1853, when a train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: ''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''American Civil War. The 21 mile journey took an hour lines were exteded to link Bombay to Calcutta and fifteen minutes over the first section of the GIPR to be openedMadras by 1870.

By == History ==*1845. Registered as a company in 1845, with its head office in London, the ‘Great Indian Peninsula initially proposed a length of 1300 miles, to connect Bombay with the interior of the Indian peninsula and to a major port on the east coast. It was meant for the purpose of increasing the export of cotton, silk, opium, sugar and spices. The Announcement of company formation gave the listing of the ‘Committee of Management ‘ <ref name=RegGIPR>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway:_1845_Company_Registration Grace's Guide " GIPR 1945 Company Registration] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>. One of these being [[Robert Stephenson]], London based Consulting Engineer, he remained in this capacity until 1859*1847. [[Robert Stephenson |Stephenson ]] reported preliminary findings to the directors, although he cannot have been in a position to provide more than general advice and a reviews of the material gathered by the surveys This concluded that the best method to climb 1800 feet over the Ghat mountains in just 15 miles was to use locomotives assisted by ropes worked by a stationary engine <ref name=biog>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=BzErDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books “Robert Stephenson – The Eminent Engineer” edited by Michael R. Bailey; page 155-57] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>.* 1847-48. The subsequent recession removed the financial incentive for railways in India but the GIPR scheme continued but only through the involvement of the ’East India Company’ which guaranteed a minimum of 5% dividend , however only a 35 mile route between Bombay and Kalyan was authorised <ref name=biog/>.*1849. At the urging of the Governor, Lord Dalhousie, the East Indian Company(EIC) sanctioned the construction of a broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) railway eastward from [[Bombay]] and the ‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company ‘ was incorporated on August 1, 1849 by an act of the British Parliament. It had a share capital of 50,000 pounds. On August 17, 1849 it entered into a formal contract with the EIC for the construction and operation of an experimental line, 35 miles(56 km) long. The Court of Directors of the EIC appointed [[James John Berkley]] as Chief Resident Engineer and [[Charles Buchanan Ker]] and [[Robert W Graham]] as his assistants <ref name=GIPR>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Grace's Gide "Great Indian Peninsula Railway which quotes from 'Morning Post' - Saturday 18 August 1849""]; Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>.* 1850. [[Robert Stephenson |Stephenson ]] provided the directors with cost estimates and recommended [[James John Berkley]] as Chief Engineer to supervise the building of the line. The Court of Directors of the [[East India Company]] appointed [[James John Berkeley]] as Chief Resident Engineer with [[Charles Buchanan Ker]] and [[Robert W Graham]] as his assistants <ref name=GIPR/>*1850. A Tender was submitted for the first railway contract in Western India, from Bombay to Tanna, by [[William Frederick Faviell]] and Henry Fowler. The Tender was accepted by the ‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company’<ref name=Faviell>[https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/William_Frederick_Faviell 'Grace's Guide' - "William Frederick Faviell"] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>. *1851-53. [[William Frederick Faviell|Faviell]] and Fowler actively prosecuted the work, Fowler’s health failed after a few months’ exposure to the climate of India, and compelled his return to England. The execution of the contract then devolved entirely upon Faviell, and was completed to the satisfaction of the Company, the line being opened for traffic on the 16th April, 1853. That was the first line of railway opened for public traffic in India, and in its construction the first locomotive engine used in Asia was introduced on the 23rd February, 1852, for ballasting the line near Bombay <ref name=Faviell/>.*1859. [[George Berkley]] succeeded [[Robert Stephenson]] as GIPR Consultant Engineer based in London. Previously Assistant and had been liaising with his brother [[James John Berkley]], Chief Resident Engineer. *1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - viz. from Bombay, ''via'' Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore - 870 miles; and from Callian, ''via'' Poonah and Sholapore, to the opposite side of the river Kristna, to meet the line, ''via'' Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000''l''l. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000''l''. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000''l''. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made."<ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref> [<ref> [Imagehttps:India-rail-1870//www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M.jpg|left|thumb|Map of GIPR in 1870]]  When, in 1871, the GIPR eventually reached [[Jubbulpore]] and linked to the [[East Indian Railway]] Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (EIRRepeals), it completed Dalhousie’s dream of a BombayBill; April 2012"; pages 128-Calcutta route130 paragraphs 3. On 30 June 1900, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company57 - 3. On 1 July 1925, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad64]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPRRetrieved on 3 Jul 2016</ref>.  In 1951, the GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]]. '''Design and construction: Bhore Ghat Incline - between Bombay and Poona''''''Engineers and Surveyors'''

GIPR Chief Engineer 1849 '''Bombay - [[Callian]]''' - 33.5 miles(54km)*1850- 186251, the first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851*1853 April 16. A train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: Mr''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''. James James Berkley The 21 mile(surveyor 34km) journey took an hour and route designerfifteen minutes, it was the first section of the GIPR to be opened and the first railway for passenger service in India.*1853-54, the continuation of the line from [[Thane]] to [[Callian]] (later named [[Kalyan]])was the first contact awarded to [[Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] <ref name=GGW&J>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Wythes_and_Jackson Grace's Guide "Wythes and Jackson"]; Retrieved 6 Jul 2016</ref>. This section of the line involved a railway bridge over the Thane creek and the two-line [[Tannah Viaduct]] over the estuary and two tunnels. This viaduct was the first substantial railway bridge to be constructed in India and connected Bombay Island to the mainland and opened and on 1 May 1854.

Consultant engineer 1847 '''North- 1867: Mr Arthur Anderson West East Line''' - [[Bombay]] via [[Callian]] and [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]] to [[Jubbulpore]] - 615 miles(surveyor of the Bhore Gate Incline990km)<ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/imotp.1913.17480.pdf Obituary of Arthur Anderson West] p363</ref>

The GIPR EngineersChief Engineer [[James John Berkley]]'s proposal was to form a grand trunk communication by the north-eastern mainline between [[Bombay]] and [[Calcutta]], *1857-61, [[Callian]] (later named [[Kalyan]]) to [[Kasara]] section constructed, a further 42 miles(68 km)<ref>[http: //www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Graces Guide "Great Indian Peninsula Railway - 1865"]; Retrieved 3 Jul 2016</ref> rising to an altitude of 948 feet(289m) above sea level at [[Kasara]] at the approach to the [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]]. Opened in 1861.*1857 Aug, [[Messrs. Adamson Wythes and Jackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] were awarded the contract for the '''[[Thal Ghat Railway Construction]]''' *1857-65. The [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat Railway]] was a major project to take the GIPR mainline across the Western Ghats towards [[Jubbulpore]]. The [[Kasara]] to [[Igatpuri]] section was 9.5 miles(15km) and within that distance the line had to rise to 1,918 feet(585m). The construction required 13 tunnels, 6 viaducts, including the [[Ehagaon Viaduct]]; cuttings; embankments; 15 bridges and culverts and the Reversing Station <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books "Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway" incline delivered to the Bombay Mechancs Institution in December 1860 by the GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]], page 20.] Retrieved on 2 Jul 2016</ref>.*c.1859-65, [[Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] were awarded a further contact to construct a further section of the GIPR north-eastern line from [[Igatpuri]] at the end of the Thal Ghat, this was opened in stages reaching [[Chalisgaon]] in 1861, [[Jalgaon]] in 1863 and Clowser[[Bhusawal]] in 1865, subsequently replaced a total of 191.24 miles(307km)<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n73/mode/1up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 64-68, pdf pages 73-77]; Retrieved 6 Jun 2016</ref>.*1861-65, [[Igatpuri]]-[[Jalgaon]]-[[Bhusawal]] progressivly opened. *1863-67, [[GIPR Nagpur Branch]] from [[Bhusawal]] was built by [[Messrs. West Lee, Watson and Ayton, Construction Contractors]]. *1865, with completion of [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]] and Tate the [[Taptee (Bhusawal) Viaduct GIPR| Taptee Viaduct]] near [[Bhusawal]] the mainline from [[Bombay]] reached [[Khandwa]].*1868 July, [[Robert Maitland Brereton]], GIPR Chief Engineer was given responsibility for completing the connection between [[Bhusawal]] and [[Jubbulpore]] which he completed many months ahead of schedule <ref name>[http://www.thestatesman.com/mobi/news/8th-day/the-opening-of-the-mumbai-to-kolkata-railway/141013.html#SL3vjC1hEy3Vmu3P.99 The Statesman, New Delhi "The opening of the Mumbai to Kolkata railway by Michael Sandford, May 9 2016]; Retrieved 3 Jul 2016</ref>. *1868-70 the [[Khandwa]] to [[Itarsi]] section opened and with the [[Nerbudda (Itsari-Jubblepore) Bridge GIPR|Nerbudda Bridge ]] completed the line reached [[Jubbulpore]] in Nov 18591870*1870 March 8. The [[Alfred Viaduct]] was inaugurated and named after the Duke of Edinburgh (Alfred Ernest Albert) who was visiting India and travelled by East Indian Railway from Calcutta. The Viceroy and the Governor of Bombay, Sir Fitzgerald Seymour had come from Bombay. With the opening of the GIPR North-Eastern Line the connection at [[Jubbulpore]] to the [[East Indian Railway]] (EIR) completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.

'''Construction ContractorsSouth-East Line'''- [[Callian]] via [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]] and [[Poona]] to meet the [[Madras Railway]] - 409 miles(658km)*1856 May, the line was extended to the villages of [[Palasdhari]](Padusdhurree) and to [[Khopoli]](Campoolie) <ref name=wiki> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway#Bombay_to_Tannah Wikipedia “Great Indian Peninsula Railway”]; Retrieved 25 June 2016</ref> at the approach to the [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]]. The *1856-63. The [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction]] was a major engineering challenge to take the GIPR mainline across the Western Ghats towards Madras. The construction with GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]] in charge involved an incline length of 15 miles(24km), 26 tunnels (totalling 2.25 miles(3.6km) in length), and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.*1858, the line from [[Khandala]] to [[Poona]] section was opened to traffic <ref name=wiki/> , this section included the [[Dapoorie Viaduct]] *1858-63, during this period, the 21 km gap to [[Khandala]] was covered by palanquin, pony or cart through the village of Campoolie <ref name=wiki/>. *1863, [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]] completed the mainline was through to [[Poona]](now called Pune) and [[Sholapore]](Solapur).*1870, the [[Kistna Viaduct, Raichur(GIPR)|Kisna Viaduct]] was opened and [[Raichur]] was reached in May 1871 <ref name=Admin>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n73/mode/2up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 64-68, pdf pages 73-77]; Retrieved 23 Jul 2016</ref> where it joined the [[Madras Railway]] to link to [[Madras]] <ref name=GIPR/>.

Autumn 1855 Mr William Frederick Faviell ===GIPR Development from 1870=== With the completion of the GIPR mainlines the three Presidency Capitals of Bombay, work begun at Bhore Ghat on Madras and Calcutta were linked. The length of the 24th January 1856route opened was then 1483 miles(2388 km) <ref name=GIPR/>. *[[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10. In March 18593B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the GIPR “]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] Line opened 1870/71, Mr 400 miles(644km), giving total Line length 1272 miles(2047km) and nil to be finished’. The Report also details of the [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway._Paragraphs_63.2C64.3B_Page_34. Faviell gave up his contract; 2C35|‘progress of the railway andthe commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for Report details.''*1900 June 30, for the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the [[Government of India]](GoI) and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a short time"new" GIPR, managed by the old company.The GIPR continued to expand its network with the addition of 'Branch Lines', certain railways being ‘Absorbed’ and 'Working Agreements' on other railways - [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked|'''See separate page - GIPRLines Owned and Worked'''s engineers Messrs]] *1918 “Administration Report on Indian Railways” <ref name=Admin/> describes the ‘Great Indian Peninsula System’ with a total of 3441 miles(5489km). Swainson Adamson Comprising the ‘GIPR broad gauge’ ([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line length of 2668 miles(4293km) and George Louis Clowserother Railways [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked| as detailed on separate ‘GIPR Lines‘ page]]*1925 Jan 1, carried the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPR. *1937 “History Of Indian Railways” gives the ‘Great Indian Peninsula System’ with a total of 3727 miles(5998km). Comprising the ‘GIPR broad gauge’([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line length of 3166 miles(5095km) and other Railways [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked| as detailed on separate ‘GIPR Lines’ page]]*1951. The GIPR combined with the works[[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].

===GIPR Bridges and Constructions===The physical difficulties which had to be overcome are The great physical difficulties which occur in the course of the GIPR construction contract was relet in November 1859 to Mr. Solomon Tredwellare the mountains which separate [[Bombay]] from the Deccan, but he died within fifteen days the ascent of landing in India. Mrs. Alice Tredwell assumed the contract which involves works of extraordinary magnitude and appointed Messrsinterest. Adamson <br> See separate page ''' [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Bridges and Clowser to manage the contract Constructions]] ''' for her, in her absence - as Mrs. Tredwell returned to England. This arrangement was to last seven yearsdetails.

“These gentlemen (Adamson and Clowser) carried on the work with ===Stations===Bombay's [[Bombay Victoria Terminus Construction Railway|Victoria Terminus]] was both the greatest zeal principal station and abilityGIPR's HQ; designed by [[architect]] Frederick William Stevens.” Labour management could limit construction progress[[Bombay Victoria Terminus Construction Railway|Victoria Terminus Construction]] commenced in 1878, but “by their good and liberal management (Adamson and Clowser) collected and kept it opened on the work a force of 25,000 men during two seasons, Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee and completed in 1861 of more than 42,000 men1888.”<ref>[http[Image://wwwVictoria Terminus.maharashtraG I P Ry, Bombay.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/ThaneJPG‎|right|thumb|320px|''Victoria Terminus, GIPR, Bombay'']]See separate pages for details of the Stations and Rail System into the following major Cities:-I/trade_roads.html* [[Agra_Railways_%26_Stations#Agra_Stations| ‘Agra Stations’]]* [[Bombay_Victoria_Terminus_Construction_Railway| ‘Bombay Victoria Terminus’]]* [[Cawnpore_Railways_and_Stations#Cawnpore_Stations| ‘Cawnpore Stations’]]* [[Delhi_Railways_%26_Stations#5 RailwaysDelhi_Stations| ‘Delhi Stations’]] Thana District Gazetteer</ref>

Incline length: 15 miles, tunnels: 26 (totalling 2.25 miles ===Bombay Dock Railways===The GIPR had a collection of sidings spurring off to the docks in length),and 8 viaducts of masonry constructionthe east Bombay.There were numerous spurs to:*Victoria Dock 1891*Princes Dock 1888*Carnac Basin*Malet Basin*Frere Basin*Clerk Basin

== Records Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked==The GIPR operated an extensive network of railways of broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]). In 1905 the route mileage was 1562 miles(2514km) and by 1918 was 2553 miles(4109km) divided into three sections ‘North East Division’, ‘South East Division’ and ‘Midland Division’ and their associated branches.

The following are held in the [[India Office Records]] at the [[British Library]]GIPR also managed, worked and maintained a number of lines on behalf of other parties.

*''See seperate page'L/AG/46/12/86''' : GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)*'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)*Lines owned and worked]]'''Z/L/AG/46''' : Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-1925)*'''Mss Eur D1184/14''' : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov 1861 British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections

==NotesRecords==An on-line search of the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) records relating to this railway<ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 British Library “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 22 Jan 2016</ref> gives 136 references . The most important being:-*'''L /AG/46/12 ''' “Records of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company; 1845-1926”*'''L/>AG/46/12A ''' “Records of the Great Indian Peninsula Extension Railway Company; 1863-1869”

== External links ==*[http://wwwen.allen-family-treewikipedia.co.ukorg/wiki/solomon-tredwell.html Solomon and Alice Tredwell, contractors for Bhore GhatGreat_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Great Indian Peninsula Railway] ''Instone Family Tree''.Wikipedia

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100126031433/http://www.centralrailwayonline.com/aboutus.jsp History (of Central Railway)] ''Central Railway (Indian Railways)''.(now an archived site)*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus Victoria Terminus, (GIPR HQ & station <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bombay<nowiki>]</nowiki>)] Wikipedia (now known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus)*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131120075151/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/vim0PsB8bW75gL0GQFEkaK/Mumbai-Multiplex--The-line-starts-here.html "Mumbai Multiplex : The line starts here"] by Supriya Nair 4 January 2013. livemint.com "The ‘heritage wing’ of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus is a railway enthusiast’s dream"{{Railwaymap*[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mumbai-over-100-documents-of-great-indian-peninsula-railway-to-be-digitised-2907994/ "Mumbai: Over 100 documents of Great Indian Peninsula Railway to be digitized"] by Neha Kulkarni, July 12, 2016 ''The Indian Express''.|railway= =Historical photographs online==*[https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-Y-03022-S/1 Hawkes collection of Indian Railway Photographs (Y3022S)] Royal Commonwealth Society Library/ University of Cambridge Digital Library. The description states "An album containing albumen prints of various sizes by R. Phillips of Darjeeling, Samuel Bourne and others. The name of F.A. Hawkes, who was an engineer... appears frequently in it". :Once inside the North East Divisiondigital file, click on Contents for image titles. includes photographs whose titles include GIPR 1868-1869.|link= ==Historical books online===*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MnAgAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 ''The Cotton and Commerce of India: considered in relation to the interests of Great Britain; with remarks on Railway Communication in the Bombay Presidency‬''] by John Chapman, founder and late manager of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company 1851 Google Books. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MnAgAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR19 Contents-Railway Chapters] page xix.*[http://mapsbooks.google.com/maps/msbooks?ieid=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=UTFbombay+mechanics&msahl=0en&msidei=1080895336519283060688FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway incline] by James John Berkley: GIPR Chief Engineer, Bombay, 1860.0004776aacede4ad4baa7}}  *[http://www.archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofo00brer#page/8/mode/2up ''Reminicences of an old English Civil Engineer 1858 -1908''] by Robert Maitland Brereton 1908 Archive.org. Includes [http://archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofo00brer#page/48/mode/2up Appendix: India] page 49. Brereton's account of working on the GIPR 1857-1870. He became Chief Engineer.