Changes

|image=GIPR Bombay-Poona Mail.jpg|caption= ''The Bombay-Poona Mail in full flight about 1910''

|workshop= ''see also'' [[GIPR Railway Workshops]] <br>[[Parel]] (BG), [[Bhusawal]], [[Harda]], [[Igatpuri]], [[Lonauli]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Bhusawal]]|stations= ''' [[Agra]]''', [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Akola]], [[Amraoti]], [[Banda]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bhusawal]], ''' [[Bombay]]''' , '''[[Cawnpore]]''', [[Chanda]], ''' [[Delhi]]''', [[Dholpur]], [[Gwalior]], [[Hotgi]], [[Itarsi]], [[Jhansi]], [[Jubbulpore]], [[Khandwa]], [[Muttra]], [[Nagpur]], [[NarsinghpueNarsinghpur]], [[Poona]], [[Raichur]], [[Saugor]], [[Wadi]]''See also heading '''Stations''' for major stations marked'' '''bold'''

|system1details= [[Central Railway ]] (IR zone)

|system2details=

Like most [[Image:India-rail-1870.jpg|right|thumb|Map of the early railways GIPR in India, the '''1870]][[File: Great Indian Peninsula Railway Map 1909 north section.png|thumb|Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' (GIPR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under licence and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the Map 1909 – north section]][[East India CompanyFile: Great Indian Peninsula Railway Map 1909 south section.png|thumb|Great Indian Peninsula Railway Map 1909 – south section]] (EIC){{Railwaymap |railway= the North East Division|link= http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=108089533651928306068.0004776aacede4ad4baa7}}

Formed == History ==*1845. Registered as a company in 1845, it with its head office in London, the ‘Great Indian Peninsula initially proposed a length of 1300 miles, to connect Bombay with the interior of the Indian peninsula and to a major port on the east coast. It was not meant for the purpose of increasing the export of cotton, silk, opium, sugar and spices. The Announcement of company formation gave the listing of the ‘Committee of Management ‘ <ref name=RegGIPR>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway:_1845_Company_Registration Grace's Guide " GIPR 1945 Company Registration] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>. One of these being [[Robert Stephenson]], London based Consulting Engineer, he remained in this capacity until 1859*1847. [[Robert Stephenson |Stephenson ]] reported preliminary findings to the directors, although he cannot have been in a position to provide more than general advice and a reviews of the material gathered by the surveys This concluded that the best method to climb 1800 feet over the Ghat mountains in just 15 miles was to use locomotives assisted by ropes worked by a stationary engine <ref name=biog>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=BzErDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books “Robert Stephenson – The Eminent Engineer” edited by Michael R. Bailey; page 155-57] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>.* 1847-48. The subsequent recession removed the financial incentive for railways in India but the GIPR scheme continued but only through the involvement of the ’East India Company’ which guaranteed a minimum of 5% dividend , however only a 35 mile route between Bombay and Kalyan was authorised <ref name=biog/>.*1849 (at . At the urging of the then Governor, Lord Dalhousie) that , the East Indian Company(EIC ) sanctioned the GIPR to construct an experimental line, built to the construction of a broad gauge of 5' 6", ([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) railway eastward from [[Bombay. The first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 ]] and the first locomotive ‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company ‘ was used in construction incorporated on 22 December 1851August 1, but 1849 by an act of the first passenger train in India did not run until 16 April 1853British Parliament. It had a share capital of 50,000 pounds. On August 17, when 1849 it entered into a train, formal contract with 14 railway carriages the EIC for the construction and 400 guestsoperation of an experimental line, left 35 miles(56 km) long. The Court of Directors of the EIC appointed [[BombayJames John Berkley]] as Chief Resident Engineer and [[Charles Buchanan Ker]] bound for and [[ThaneRobert W Graham]], hauled by three locomotivesas his assistants <ref name=GIPR>[http: //www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Grace's Gide "Great Indian Peninsula Railway which quotes from 'Morning Post'Sindh- Saturday 18 August 1849""]; Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>.* 1850. [[Robert Stephenson |Stephenson ]] provided the directors with cost estimates and recommended [[James John Berkley]] as Chief Engineer to supervise the building of the line. The Court of Directors of the [[East India Company]] appointed [[James John Berkeley]] as Chief Resident Engineer with [[Charles Buchanan Ker]] and [[Robert W Graham]] as his assistants <ref name=GIPR/>*1850. A Tender was submitted for the first railway contract in Western India, Sultanfrom Bombay to Tanna,'' by [[William Frederick Faviell]] and Henry Fowler. The Tender was accepted by the ‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company’<ref name=Faviell>[https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/William_Frederick_Faviell 'Grace'Sahib's Guide'- "William Frederick Faviell"] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>. *1851-53. [[William Frederick Faviell|Faviell]] and Fowler actively prosecuted the work, Fowler’s health failed after a few months’ exposure to the climate of India, and compelled his return to England. The 21 mile journey took an hour execution of the contract then devolved entirely upon Faviell, and fifteen minutes over was completed to the satisfaction of the Company, the line being opened for traffic on the 16th April, 1853. That was the first section line of railway opened for public traffic in India, and in its construction the first locomotive engine used in Asia was introduced on the 23rd February, 1852, for ballasting the line near Bombay <ref name=Faviell/>.*1859. [[George Berkley]] succeeded [[Robert Stephenson]] as GIPR to be openedConsultant Engineer based in London. Previously Assistant and had been liaising with his brother [[James John Berkley]], Chief Resident Engineer. By *1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - viz. from Bombay, ''via'' Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore - 870 miles; and from Callian, ''via'' Poonah and Sholapore, to the opposite side of the river Kristna, to mmet meet the line, ''via'' Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000''l''l. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000''l''. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000''l''. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made." <ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.</ref> <ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (1Repeals) Bill; April 2012"; pages 128-130 paragraphs 3.57 - 3.64] Retrieved on 3 Jul 2016</ref>.

When'''Bombay - [[Callian]]''' - 33.5 miles(54km)*1850-51, the first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in 1871construction on 22 December 1851*1853 April 16. A train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left [[Bombay]] bound for [[Thane]], hauled by three locomotives: ''Sindh, Sultan,'' and ''Sahib''. The 21 mile(34km) journey took an hour and fifteen minutes, it was the first section of the GIPR eventually reached to be opened and the first railway for passenger service in India.*1853-54, the continuation of the line from [[JubbulporeThane]] and linked to the [[East India RailwayCallian]] (EIRlater named [[Kalyan]])was the first contact awarded to [[Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, it completed Dalhousie’s dream Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] <ref name=GGW&J>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Wythes_and_Jackson Grace's Guide "Wythes and Jackson"]; Retrieved 6 Jul 2016</ref>. This section of the line involved a railway bridge over the Thane creek and the two-line [[Tannah Viaduct]] over the estuary and two tunnels. This viaduct was the first substantial railway bridge to be constructed in India and connected Bombay-Calcutta routeIsland to the mainland and opened and on 1 May 1854.

On 30 June 1900, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI '''North-East Line''' - [[Bombay]] via [[Callian]] and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Thal Ghat RailwayConstruction|Thal Ghat]] to [[Jubbulpore]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.- 615 miles(990km)

On The GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]]'s proposal was to form a grand trunk communication by the north-eastern mainline between [[Bombay]] and [[Calcutta]], *1857-61, [[Callian]] (later named [[Kalyan]]) to [[Kasara]] section constructed, a further 42 miles(68 km)<ref>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Graces Guide "Great Indian Peninsula Railway - 1865"]; Retrieved 3 Jul 2016</ref> rising to an altitude of 948 feet(289m) above sea level at [[Kasara]] at the approach to the [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]]. Opened in 1861.*1857 Aug, [[Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] were awarded the contract for the '''[[Thal Ghat Railway Construction]]''' *1857-65. The [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat Railway]] was a major project to take the GIPR mainline across the Western Ghats towards [[Jubbulpore]]. The [[Kasara]] to [[Igatpuri]] section was 9.5 miles(15km) and within that distance the line had to rise to 1 ,918 feet(585m). The construction required 13 tunnels, 6 viaducts, including the [[Ehagaon Viaduct]]; cuttings; embankments; 15 bridges and culverts and the Reversing Station <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books "Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway" incline delivered to the Bombay Mechancs Institution in December 1860 by the GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]], page 20.] Retrieved on 2 Jul 2016</ref>.*c.1859-65, [[Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, Construction Contractors|Messrs. Wythes and Jackson]] were awarded a further contact to construct a further section of the GIPR north-eastern line from [[Igatpuri]] at the end of the Thal Ghat, this was opened in stages reaching [[Chalisgaon]] in 1861, [[Jalgaon]] in 1863 and [[Bhusawal]] in 1865, a total of 191.24 miles(307km)<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n73/mode/1up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 64-68, pdf pages 73-77]; Retrieved 6 Jun 2016</ref>.*1861-65, [[Igatpuri]]-[[Jalgaon]]-[[Bhusawal]] progressivly opened. *1863-67, [[GIPR Nagpur Branch]] from [[Bhusawal]] was built by [[Messrs. Lee, Watson and Ayton, Construction Contractors]]. *1865, with completion of [[Thal Ghat Railway Construction|Thal Ghat]] and the [[Taptee (Bhusawal) Viaduct GIPR| Taptee Viaduct]] near [[Bhusawal]] the mainline from [[Bombay]] reached [[Khandwa]].*1868 July 1925, [[Robert Maitland Brereton]], GIPR Chief Engineer was given responsibility for completing the GoI took over direct control connection between [[Bhusawal]] and [[Jubbulpore]] which he completed many months ahead of schedule <ref name>[http://www.thestatesman.com/mobi/news/8th-day/the -opening-of-the-mumbai-to-kolkata-railway/141013.html#SL3vjC1hEy3Vmu3P.99 The Statesman, New Delhi "The opening of the Mumbai to Kolkata railway by Michael Sandford, May 9 2016]; Retrieved 3 Jul 2016</ref>. *1868-70 the [[Khandwa]] to [[Itarsi]] section opened and with the [[Nerbudda (Itsari-Jubblepore) Bridge GIPR|Nerbudda Bridge ]] completed the line reached [[Jubbulpore]] in 1870*1870 March 8. The [[Alfred Viaduct]] was inaugurated and named after the Duke of Edinburgh (Alfred Ernest Albert) who was visiting India and travelled by East Indian Railway from Calcutta. The Viceroy and the Governor of Bombay, Sir Fitzgerald Seymour had come from Bombay. With the opening of the GIPR North-Eastern Line the connection at [[Jubbulpore]] to the [[East Indian Railway]] (EIR) completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.

In 1951'''South-East Line''' - [[Callian]] via [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]] and [[Poona]] to meet the [[Madras Railway]] - 409 miles(658km)*1856 May, the line was extended to the villages of [[Palasdhari]](Padusdhurree) and to [[Khopoli]](Campoolie) <ref name=wiki> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway#Bombay_to_Tannah Wikipedia “Great Indian Peninsula Railway”]; Retrieved 25 June 2016</ref> at the approach to the [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction|Bhor Ghat]]. The *1856-63. The [[Bhore Ghat Railway Construction]] was a major engineering challenge to take the GIPR combined mainline across the Western Ghats towards Madras. The construction with GIPR Chief Engineer [[James John Berkley]] in charge involved an incline length of 15 miles(24km), 26 tunnels (totalling 2.25 miles(3.6km) in length), and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.*1858, the line from [[Khandala]] to [[Poona]] section was opened to traffic <ref name=wiki/> , this section included the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Dapoorie Viaduct]] *1858-63, during this period, the 21 km gap to [[Khandala]] was covered by palanquin, pony or cart through the village of Campoolie <ref name=wiki/>. *1863, [[Bhore Ghat RailwayConstruction|Bhor Ghat]] completed the mainline was through to [[Poona]](now called Pune) and [[Sholapore]](Solapur).*1870, the [[Dholpur State RailwayKistna Viaduct, Raichur(GIPR)|Kisna Viaduct]] was opened and [[Raichur]] was reached in May 1871 <ref name=Admin>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n73/mode/2up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 64-68, pdf pages 73-77]; Retrieved 23 Jul 2016</ref> where it joined the [[Scinde State Madras Railway]] to become Indian Railway's '''Central Railway'''link to [[Madras]] <ref name=GIPR/>.

== Records =GIPR Development from 1870=== With the completion of the GIPR mainlines the three Presidency Capitals of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta were linked. The length of the route opened was then 1483 miles(2388 km) <ref name=GIPR/>. *[[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the GIPR “]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] Line opened 1870/71, 400 miles(644km), giving total Line length 1272 miles(2047km) and nil to be finished’. The Report also details of the [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway._Paragraphs_63.2C64.3B_Page_34.2C35|‘progress of the railway and the commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for Report details.''*1900 June 30, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the [[Government of India]](GoI) and merged with those of the [[Indian Midland Railway]] into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.The GIPR continued to expand its network with the addition of 'Branch Lines', certain railways being ‘Absorbed’ and 'Working Agreements' on other railways - [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked|'''See separate page - GIPR Lines Owned and Worked''']] *1918 “Administration Report on Indian Railways” <ref name=Admin/> describes the ‘Great Indian Peninsula System’ with a total of 3441 miles(5489km). Comprising the ‘GIPR broad gauge’ ([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line length of 2668 miles(4293km) and other Railways [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked| as detailed on separate ‘GIPR Lines‘ page]]*1925 Jan 1, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the [[Allahabad]] to [[Jubbulpore]] branch of the [[East Indian Railway|EIR]] to the GIPR. *1937 “History Of Indian Railways” gives the ‘Great Indian Peninsula System’ with a total of 3727 miles(5998km). Comprising the ‘GIPR broad gauge’([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line length of 3166 miles(5095km) and other Railways [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked| as detailed on separate ‘GIPR Lines’ page]]*1951. The GIPR combined with the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the [[Dholpur State Railway]] and the [[Scindia State Railway]] to become [[Central Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].

===GIPR Bridges and Constructions===The following physical difficulties which had to be overcome are held The great physical difficulties which occur in the course of the GIPR are the mountains which separate [[India Office RecordsBombay]] at from the Deccan, the ascent of which involves works of extraordinary magnitude and interest. <br> See separate page ''' [[British LibraryGreat Indian Peninsula Railway Bridges and Constructions]]''' for details.

*===Stations===Bombay's [[Bombay Victoria Terminus Construction Railway|Victoria Terminus]] was both the principal station and GIPR's HQ; designed by [[architect]] Frederick William Stevens. [[Bombay Victoria Terminus Construction Railway|Victoria Terminus Construction]] commenced in 1878, it opened on Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee and completed in 1888.[[Image:Victoria Terminus. G I P Ry, Bombay.JPG‎|right|thumb|320px|'L/AG/46/12/86'Victoria Terminus, GIPR, Bombay'' ]]See separate pages for details of the Stations and Rail System into the following major Cities: GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)* [[Agra_Railways_%26_Stations#Agra_Stations| ‘Agra Stations’]]* [[Bombay_Victoria_Terminus_Construction_Railway| ‘Bombay Victoria Terminus’]]* [[Cawnpore_Railways_and_Stations#Cawnpore_Stations| ‘Cawnpore Stations’]]* [[Delhi_Railways_%26_Stations#Delhi_Stations| ‘Delhi Stations’]]

*'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : ===Bombay Dock Railways===The GIPR Contracts had a collection of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)sidings spurring off to the docks in the east Bombay. There were numerous spurs to:*Victoria Dock 1891*Princes Dock 1888*Carnac Basin*Malet Basin*Frere Basin*Clerk Basin

Both ==Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Lines owned and worked==The GIPR operated an extensive network of railways of broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]). In 1905 the above are indexed inroute mileage was 1562 miles(2514km) and by 1918 was 2553 miles(4109km) divided into three sections ‘North East Division’, ‘South East Division’ and ‘Midland Division’ and their associated branches.

== External Links Later Development==Indian Railways (IR), '''[[Central Railway]] Zone''' (CR) was formed on 5 November 1951 by grouping several government-owned railways, including the ‘Great Indian Peninsula Railway’

==Personnel==<big>'''[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway Personnel]]'''</big> gives details of GIPR staff from several other sources:-*Grace's Guide<ref>[http://irfcawww.orggracesguide.co.uk/galleryMain_Page “Grace’s Guide”]; Retrieved 3 Jul 2016</Heritage/zonal_logos/DSCN5172.jpgref> *Wikipedia and many other sources.html Great Indian Peninsula Railway logo]

'''IOR Records'''The following [http[India Office Records]] (IOR) are relevant :-*'''L/AG/www.scienceandsociety.co.uk46/results.asp?txtkeys1=Great+12/86''' : GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)*'''L/AG/46/12/88''' : GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)*'''Z/L/AG/46''' : Index to UK Appointments to Indian+Peninsula+Railway Science & Society Picture Library]Railways (1849-1925)*'''Mss Eur D1184/14''' : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov

'''FIBIS Resources'''*[http://the-railway-imagefibis.fotopicourarchives.netonline/bin/c600548aps_browse_sources.html David Flitcroft's Photographsphp?mode=browse_components&id=1068&s_id=323 List of Indian Railways UK Contracted Staff taken from IOR Series L/AG/46/12]. FIBIS database

== External links ==*[http://hansarden.millbanksystemswikipedia.comorg/commonswiki/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-in-india "Guaranteed Railways in India"Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Great Indian Peninsula Railway] ''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)Wikipedia

*[http://www.centralrailwayonlinescienceandsociety.comco.uk/aboutusresults.jsp Central Railway : welcome to Central asp?txtkeys1=Great+Indian+Peninsula+RailwayGIPR picture gallery]''Science & Society Picture Library''.

*[[Imagehttp:India//hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/aug/03/guaranteed-railways-railin-1870.jpg|thumb|Map of GIPR india "Guaranteed Railways in 1870]India"]''Hansard 1803-2005'' (accessed 04 December 2008)

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100126031433/http://www.centralrailwayonline.com/aboutus.jsp History (of Central Railway)] ''Central Railway (Indian Railways)''. (now an archived site)*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus Victoria Terminus, (GIPR HQ & station <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bombay<nowiki>]</nowiki>)] Wikipedia (now known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus)*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131120075151/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/vim0PsB8bW75gL0GQFEkaK/Mumbai-Multiplex--The-line-starts-here.html "Mumbai Multiplex : The line starts here"] by Supriya Nair 4 January 2013. livemint.com "The ‘heritage wing’ of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus is a railway enthusiast’s dream"*[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mumbai-over-100-documents-of-great-indian-peninsula-railway-to-be-digitised-2907994/ "Mumbai: Over 100 documents of Great Indian Peninsula Railway to be digitized"] by Neha Kulkarni, July 12, 2016 ''The Indian Express''.== Notes Historical photographs online==*[https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-Y-03022-S/1 Hawkes collection of Indian Railway Photographs (Y3022S)] Royal Commonwealth Society Library/ University of Cambridge Digital Library. The description states "An album containing albumen prints of various sizes by R. Phillips of Darjeeling, Samuel Bourne and others. The name of F.A. Hawkes, who was an engineer... appears frequently in it". :Once inside the digital file, click on Contents for image titles. includes photographs whose titles include GIPR 1868-1869.===Historical books online===*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MnAgAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 ''The Cotton and Commerce of India: considered in relation to the interests of Great Britain; with remarks on Railway Communication in the Bombay Presidency‬''] by John Chapman, founder and late manager of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company 1851 Google Books. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MnAgAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR19 Contents-Railway Chapters] page xix.*[http://books.google.com/books?id=a5MEAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bombay+mechanics&hl=en&ei=8FUcTMGmHqC0nAeWxImdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Paper on the (GIPR) Thul Ghaut Railway incline] by James John Berkley: GIPR Chief Engineer, Bombay, 1860.*[http://www.archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofo00brer#page/8/mode/2up ''Reminicences of an old English Civil Engineer 1858 -1908''] by Robert Maitland Brereton 1908 Archive.org. Includes [http://archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofo00brer#page/48/mode/2up Appendix: India] page 49. Brereton's account of working on the GIPR 1857-1870. He became Chief Engineer.