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Indigo Plantation

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Historical books online
== FIBIS Resources ==
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=426&s_id=39 Index of Indigo Planters in Bihar] taken from ''History of Behar Indigo Factories; Reminiscences of Bihar; Tirhoot and its inhabitants of the past. History of Behar Light Horse Volunteers'' by Minden Wilson 1908. (Fibis Database) For online copy of text see External links below.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABZTjOS13y8 FibisPodcast 'The lure of Indigo - and how the Hills family of East Bengal won three VCs'] FIBIS podcast by Miles McNair.
*"Adam Maxwell of Cawnpore-Indigo and Intrigue" by Judith Vandenburgh Green [[FIBIS Journals|''FIBIS Journal]] Number 25 (Spring 2011)'', pages 25-33
*Review by Peter Bailey of the book ''Indigo and Opium: Two Remarkable Families and Fortunes Won and Lost'' by Miles Macnair (2013). The review is in ''FIBIS Journal'' Number 32 (Autumn 2014), pages 50-51. For details of how to access the review, see [[FIBIS Journals]].
*[http://www.search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=426&s_idAlso see==39 Index of Indigo Planters in Bihar taken from ''History of Behar Indigo Factories; Reminiscences of Bihar; Tirhoot and its inhabitants of the past. History of Behar Light Horse Volunteers''] by Minden Wilson 1908. *[[Biographical Records (Fibis DatabaseIOR O series)]]
==External links==
===Historical books online===
*''Narrative of the Life of a Gentleman Long Resident in India'' by G F Grand. [https://archive.org/details/narrativelifeag00grangoog/page/n6/mode/2up 1814 edition], [https://archive.org/details/narrativeoflifeo00graniala/page/n5/mode/2up 1910 edition] edited , with Notes, for the Calcutta Historical Society by Walter K Firminger. Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofindi00buck/page/174/mode/1up "Grand, George Francois (1748?-1821)"] page 174 ''Dictionary of Indian Biography'' by C E Buckland (Indian Civil Service, retired) 1906 Archive.org. Includes 1782 Collector of Tirhut and promoted the indigo manufacture in Bihar to his own advantage; 1788 appointed Judge and Magistrate at Patna, and eventually dismissed.
*[https://archive.org/stream/residencechinese00fort#page/440/mode/2up "List of Members of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India at 31 December 1854"] Contain a number of indigo planters and their location. Archive.org. (This list is located at the back of the book file for [https://archive.org/details/residencechinese00fort ''A residence among the Chinese 
inland, on the coast, and at sea. Being a narrative of scenes and adventures during a third visit to China, from 1853 to 1856''] by Robert Fortune 1857 Archive.org)
**Also see [[Scientific books online]] for other edition of the ''Journal of the Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India'' which may contain earlier membership lists
*[https://archive.org/stream/thirtyyearsofshi00brad#page/38/mode/2up "Among the Indigo-Planters"] Chapter III, page 39 ''Thirty Years of Shikar'' by Sir Edward Braddon 1895 Archive.org. A [http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/braddon-sir-edward-nicholas-coventry-5330 Biography] indicates that in 1850 or 1851 Edward Braddon managed a number of indigo factories near [[Krishnagar]], (Kishnaghur) where he worked for about five years. adb.anu.edu.au
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=KJ0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA189 "Indigo and Indigo Planting"] page 180 ''The Calcutta Review'' Vol. XXX January-June 1858 Google Books.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=lJIIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Papers relating to the cultivation of indigo in the Presidency of Bengal''] 1860 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=NlIEAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA345 ''Selections from the Records of the Government of Bengal No 33 part 2: Papers relating to indigo cultivation in Bengal, Volume 2''] 1860 Google Books
*‪[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wCtYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 ''The Experiences of a Landholder and Indigo Planter in Eastern Bengal‬''] by G Lamb 1860 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=NiFcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7 ''East India: Indigo Commission''] ''Volume 11, Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons Session 5 February-6 August 1861'' Google Books
*[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q5ZeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Minute by the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal [Sir J.P. Grant<nowiki>]</nowiki> on the Report of the Indigo Commission ... of 1860''] 1861 Google Books. Possibly may be included in the previous Parliamentary Papers.
*''An Essay on the culture and manufacture of Indigo, ... With a Hindoostani translation'' by John Shortt M.D. Madras, 1862. [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026711567.0x000001 British Library digital edition]. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TyRkAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7 Google Books] based on same digital file.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=4GhKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA114 “Letter VIII: Mulnath Indigo Factory”] from ''Rural life in Bengal: illustrative of Anglo-Indian suburban life, the habits of the rural classes, the varied produce of the soil and seasons, and the culture and manufacture of indigo : letters from an artist in India to his sisters in England'' by Colesworthey Grant 1866 illustrated with one hundred and sixty six engravings.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/tentlifeintigerl00ingliala#page/n5/mode/2up ''Tent Life in Tigerland with which is incorporated Sport and Work on the Nepaul Frontier : being twelve years' sporting reminiscences of a pioneer (indigo) planter in an indian frontier district''] by James Inglis 1892. ''Sport and Work on the Nepaul Frontier'' was first published 1878 and commences [http://www.archive.org/stream/tentlifeintigerl00ingliala#page/n429/mode/2up page 369] Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/culturemanufactu00reidrich#page/n9/mode/2up ''The culture and manufacture of indigo; with a description of a planter's life and resources''] by Walter Maclagan Reid 1887 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/reportoncultiva00rawsgoog#page/n3/mode/1up ''Report on the Cultivation and Manufacture of Indigo in Bengal''] 1899 Archive.org
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101064077728?urlappend=%3Bseq=35 "Indigo Planting in India"] by M N MacDonald pages 321-326 ''Pearson’s Magazine'' [Vol. 10, No 58] October 1900. Hathi Trust Digital Library. [https://www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/articles/mmn_indg.pdf Alternative pdf version], apparently from a different printing of the same book, pages 387-392. cs.arizona.edu
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924008675047#page/n133/mode/2up “Indigo”] from ''A History of Murshidabad District (Bengal) : with biographies of some of its noted families'' by John Henry Tull Walsh 1902 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924024077806#page/n3/mode/2up ''History of Behar Indigo Factories ; Reminiscences of Behar ; Tirhoot and its inhabitants of the past ; History of Behar Light Horse Volunteers''] by Minden Wilson 1908 Archive.org
*''Bengal and Assam, Behar and Orissa: their history, people, commerce and industrial resources'' by Somerset Playne and J W Bond 1917 on the Archive.org website has a chapter on [http://www.archive.org/stream/bengalassambehar00playuoft#page/254/mode/2up "Indigo in Behar"] and [http://www.archive.org/stream/bengalassambehar00playuoft#page/268/mode/2up "The Behar Planters Association, Ltd"]
*[https://archive.org/details/ignorantinindia00vernrich ''An Ignorant in India''] by R E Venede 1911 Archive.org The author was visiting his brother<ref>[https://archive.org/details/letterstohiswife00vernrich/page/n14/mode/1up Page ix] ''Letters to his Wife'' by R E Vernède 1917 Archive.org</ref> who was a Collector in an indigo region in Bengal.
*[https://archive.org/details/bengal-past-present-vol46-julydec1933/page/73/mode/2up "More Monumental Inscriptions (Nos. 1116-1405)"] by Captain H. Bullock pages 74-90 ''Bengal Past and Present Vol. 46 1933 July-Dec.'' Archive.org. Includes many from the district of Purnea in Bihar from the old indigo factories.
*[https://archive.org/details/aclcpl00000718a1446/mode/2up ''Indigo Manufacture in Madras : Volume IV'']. The Agricultural Department, Madras; Bulletin No. 74. Madras : The Superintendent, Government Press. No date is catalogued, but there are suggestions in the text that it may have been published c 1917; a date stamp indicates it was received at the Library November 1933. Archive.org/Anna Digital Library collection.
===Historical books onlineOther===*[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/287838?rpp=20&pg=1&rndkey=20140214&ao=on&ft=*&who=Captain+R.+.+Hill&pos=16 Photograph: Indigo Vats] 1850s by Captain R. B. Hill Metropolitan Museum of Art New York. Probably Richard Barton Hill 1835-1873, who joined the Bengal Army in 1853.*[http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/60834/oscar-mallitte-the-planting-manufacture-of-indigo-in-india-29-photographic-views-by-oscar-mallitte-1877/ The Planting & Manufacture of Indigo in India. 29 Photographic views by Oscar Mallitte [1877<nowiki>]</nowiki>] (but fewer online). J Paul Getty Museum.:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfDyvmWxJlk YouTube video], same images. [http://www.luminous-lint.com/app/photographer/Oscar_Jean-Baptiste__Mallitte/ Oscar Jean-Baptiste Mallitte]*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000001017u00000000.html An indigo factory in Bengal] Watercolour by William Simpson 1863, the original for:[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019xzz000000108u00038000.html Indigo factory, Bengal] Chromolithograph by William Simpson 1867. Both British Library Online Gallery. Click to enlarge.*[https://imagesonline.bl.uk/asset/159639/ Photograph: Indigo industry: General view of the Factory] by Bourne and Shepherd c 1900. Images Online, British Library.*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/TO_N_qFrSz-Go6vYbjevNw Model of an Indian indigo factory] bbc.co.uk. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151002115210/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080608/jsp/frontpage/story_9372298.jsp "Living Clay"] by Soumitra Das June 8 , 2008 ''The Telegraph'', Calcutta, now an archived webpage.*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130613085852/http://www.kew.org/plant-cultures/plants/indigo_history.html Indigo: History] from [https://web.archive.org/web/20130520112221/http://www.kew.org/plant-cultures/plants/plants_landing.html Plant Cultures] Kew Gardens, now an archived website*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180421155747/http://www.merchantnetworks.com.au/periods/1800after/1827indigo.htm Decline of Indigo business in India] from [https://web.archive.org/web/20190311105326/http://www.merchantnetworks.com.au/sitemap.htm Merchant Networks], now an archived website.*[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mossvalley/mv3/india-indigo.html "An Indigo Plantation In Bengal"] Transcription of an article from ''The Field'' 1885. "Moss Valley". Retrieved 28 August 2014.*[https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/topic_indigo.html Digital Archive of Documents Related to Indigo] cs.arizona.edu*[http://insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol17_1_6_HCBhardwaj.pdf "Indian Dyes and Dyeing Industry during 18th-19th Century"] by H C Bhardwaj and Kamal K Jain ''Indian Journal of History of Science'' 17(1) 1982 pages 70-81. Includes information about indigo.*An ''India List'' post<ref>Murphy, Sylvia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200507041342/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india.rootsweb.com/thread/1315404/ Mokarrarie] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 25 September 2011, archived. </ref> advises that the word 'mookarrarie' which appears in ''History of Behar Indigo Factories'' means 'a permanent tenure'.*[https://www.sites.google.com/site/bihargatha/early-agriculture-based-enterprenureships/sugar-concerns Early Sugar Industry of Bihar]. sites.google.com. Some indigo plantations also grew sugar cane.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/tentlifeintigerl00ingliala#page/n5/mode/2up ''Tent Life in Tigerland with which is incorporated Sport and Work on the Nepaul Frontier : being twelve years' sporting reminiscences of a pioneer (indigo) planter in an indian frontier district''] by James Inglis 1892. ''Sport and Work on the Nepaul Frontier'' was first published 1878. Archive.org== References ==*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924024077806#page/n3/mode<references /2up ''History of Behar indigo factories ; Reminiscences of Behar ; Tirhoot and its inhabitants of the past ; History of Behar Light Horse Volunteers''] by Minden Wilson 1908 Archive.org>
===Other===
*[http://www.plantcultures.org/plants/indigo_landing.html Indigo] from Plant Cultures including images of
**[http://www.plantcultures.org/pccms/action/showItem?id=330 An indigo factory in Bengal],
**[http://www.plantcultures.org/pccms/action/showItem?id=403 Making indigo dye, India], **[http://www.plantcultures.org/pccms/action/showItem?id=414 Indigo manufactory, India]
*[http://www.merchantnetworks.com.au/periods/1800after/1827indigo.htm Decline of Indigo business in India] from [http://www.merchantnetworks.com.au/sitemap.htm Merchant Networks]
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