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'''{{Places of Interest|title=Lucknow|name=Lucknow''' is a city in north-central India, about 250m|link=http://maps.google.com/maps/400km south-west of [[Delhi]]ms?msa=0&msid=211401480495186034184.0004b92ce01c865bf35dc&ie=UTF8&ll=26. It was the scene of a major siege during the [[Indian Mutiny]]826522, when the Residency was defended against great odds by a small group of soldiers and civilians80.956535&spn=0.116422, including schoolboys from La Martiniere College0.150547&t=m&z=13&vpsrc=1}}
Lucknow was one of the major centres == Military history ==For details of events during the [[Indian Mutiny]]. Sir Henry Lawrence became Chief Commissioner of the Province of [[Oudh]] (Awadh) on March 20th 1857. The garrison at the time consisted of HM [[32nd Regiment of Foot]], the [[7th Bengal Lancers|7th Native Cavalry]], the [[13th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry]], the [[48th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry]] and the see main article [[71st Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry]], with Indian soldiers outnumbering Europeans 10 to 1. Unrest was evident in the city for several months and when unrest reached the province, Lawrence fortified the Residency Events at Lucknow and took the British inhabitants into the compound. The rebellion broke out on the 30th May and a 87 day siege of the Residency ensued, with Lawrence killed in the first few days. Forces led by Sir Henry Havelock and Sir James Outram reached Lucknow in September (the First Relief of Lucknow). Under heavy assault from the rebels, they were unable to evacuate the Residency as intended and instead bolstered the garrison there, a second siege ensuing for six weeks. The Second Relief came in November when Sir Colin Campbell reached Lucknow. On the 16th November, 2000 rebel [[sepoy]]s besieged at the Secundrabagh villa were massacred when the [[93rd Regiment of Foot|93rd Highlanders]] and the [[4th Regiment of Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force|4th Punjabi Infantry]] took the estate. Campbell managed to evacuate the besieged Europeans at the Residency, but Havelock died before he was able to leave the city. The following March, Campbell retook Lucknow. During this action Major Hodson (Commander of [[Hodson's Horse]]) was killed and buried in the grounds of La Martiniere College.
'''Actions timeline'''==Volunteer Regiments=={||"Lucknow is the head-quarters of the [[Siege of LucknowOudh and Rohilkhand Railway Volunteer Rifle Corps|Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway Volunteer Rifles]]|align="right"|1 July to 27 Sept 1857|-|, the [[First Lucknow Relief]]Volunteer Rifle Corps|align="right"|29 September 1857 |-|[[Second Lucknow ReliefVolunteer Rifles]]|align="right"|17 November 1857|-|and the [[Battle Oudh Light Horse|Oudh squadron of Gailee by Lucknow Light Horse]]|align="right"|22 December 1857|-|[<ref>[Recapture of Lucknow]]|alignhttp://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid="right"|DS405.1-21 March 1858|-|[[Battle of Begum Kothi (.I34_V16_203.gif Lucknow)]]|align="right"|11 March 1858|-|[[Battle ''Imperial Gazetteer of Moosa Bagh (Lucknow)]]|align="right"|19 March 1858 |}India, Volume 16'', page 197</ref>
==Churches==
→Historical books online
{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency= [[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal]]|image=Asfi Mosque.JPG
|coordinates= [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=26.8128,80.9013&spn=0.1,0.1&q=26.8128,80.9013 26.812800°N, 80.901300°E]
|altitude= 123 m (404 ft)
|presentname= [http://wwwen.1911encyclopediawikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow Lucknow]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh Uttar Pradesh]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= ‘[[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]]’(O&RR)<br>[[Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway_-_Lines_owned_and_worked#GIPR_Midland_Branches|‘Great Indian Peninsula Rly’(GIPR]]<br>‘[[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]]’ (R&KR)<br>[[Cawnpore-Burhwal Railway| ‘B&NWR Cawnpore-Burhwal Railway’]]''See page'' '''[[Lucknow Railways and Stations]]''' ''for details''
}}
'''Lucknow''', a city in north-central India 500 km southwest of [[Delhi]], was the headquarters of [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid== History ==DS405.1.I34_V16_187.gif Lucknow District] in the Lucknow Division of United Provinces during the British period.<br> It was the scene of a major siege during the [[Indian Mutiny]], when the Residency was defended against great odds by a small group of soldiers and civilians, including schoolboys from La Martiniere College.
===The Indian Mutiny=Spelling variants=='''Summary of events'''Modern name: Lucknow<br>Variants: Lukhnow/Luknow/Lakhnao/Lakhnau/Nucklao
==Maps==
==== FIBIS database ====
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=672&s_id=98 1901 map of Lucknow, updated to show cemeteries]
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=1&s_id=0 Map of the Residency]
==Transport==
Lucknow became an important railway hub for both broad and metre gauge lines, headquarters of the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]] (which also had two major workshops situated close by, at [[Alambagh]] and [[Charbagh]]), and a terminus for the [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway|Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway's]] line from [[Bareilly]].
==Churches==
'''Anglican''':
*All Saints Garrison Church - (see External links section below for photos).
*Christ Church Cathedral
*St Mary's at the Residency - [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=197&s_id=152 Photos of the cemetery] on the FIBIS database
*St. Peter's the Railwaymen's Church, Charbagh, Lucknow. Built as the railwaymen's church of the Protestant Anglican communities of Charbagh and Alambagh in Lucknow, and opened in 1915. Prior to that, the congregation assembled somewhere in the present day Loco Workshop. <ref>[http://coloniallucknow.blogspot.com/2016/04/st-peters-railwaymens-church-charbagh.html St. Peter's the Railwaymen's Church, Charbagh, Lucknow] by Nikhil Katyal April 3, 2016. "Colonial Lucknow"</ref>
'''Roman Catholic'''
*St Joseph's Cathedral
'''Church of Scotland'''
*[http://coloniallucknow.blogspot.com/2019/12/saint-mungos-church-of-scotland-lucknow.html Saint Mungo's Church of Scotland, Lucknow Cantonment] December 25, 2019. "Colonial Lucknow"
== Memorials ==
[http://www.flickr.com/photos/28742607@N02/sets/72157629547211574/with/7138398699/ Memorials of Colonial Lucknow] photographs by Vineet Wal on flickr.com
====FIBIS database====
*Thomas Henry Kavanagh was a civilian who won the [[Victoria Cross]] for his action during the Siege. One of those inside the Residency, he disguised himself as a sepoy in order to escape undetected to the [[Alambagh]] and guide Campbell's forces into Lucknow for the Second Relief. Kavanagh's memorial in the All Saints Garrison Church can be view on the [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=384 FIBIS database].
==Cemeteries==
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=list_sources&source_class=152 FIBIS database: Lucknow Cemeteries]
*[http://coloniallucknow.blogspot.com/2013/09/ "Cemetery at Vilayati Bagh in Lucknow"] September 20, 2013. "Colonial Lucknow".
==Education==
[[Image:La Martiniere College.jpg|thumb|300px|La Martiniere College]]
*Jubilee High School
*Loreto Convent - Catholic school, founded 1872
*La Martiniere College - boys school established 1845, girls schools established 1869. [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=188&s_id=0 Photos on the FIBIS database].
*Reid Christian College
*St. Francis' School and Orphanage - Catholic school, founded 1885
==FIBIS resources==
As well as those resources already included in appropriate sections, the following can be found on the FIBIS database:
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_class&id=187&s_id=0 Photographs of Lucknow] by C Jackson, a painter and gilder for the Maharaja of Balrampur.
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_document&id=208&s_id=241 Letter from Lieutenant Clifford Mecham] sent during the Defence of Lucknow 1857
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/searchsummary.php?mode=image&kw=lucknow Miscellaneous Lucknow photographs]
Further Fibiwiki images may be browsed at [[:Category:Lucknow_images|Lucknow images]]
==Recommended reading==
*''Lucknow – Families of the Raj'' by Malcolm Spiers, published 2013.
:A review by Richard Morgan is contained in ''[[FIBIS Journal]] Number 30 (Autumn 2013)'' page 45
== External links ==
*[http://wwwdsal.1911encyclopediauchicago.orgedu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_194.gif Lucknow "Lucknow"] ''Love to Know 1911''.Imperial Gazetteer of India*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Lucknow "Siege of Lucknow"] ''Wikipedia''.*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow "Lucknow"] ''Wikipedia''.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Martiniere_Lucknow La Martiniere College, Lucknow] Wikipedia
*[http://beautifulindianchurches.blogspot.com/2012/07/all-saints-garrison-church-church-of.html Photos of All Saints Garrison Church] 9 July 2012 from "Beautiful Indian Churches". Earlier 2011 photos from the same website [http://beautifulindianchurches.blogspot.com/2011/10/all-saints-garrison-church-cni-lucknow.html here] and [http://beautifulindianchurches.blogspot.com/2011/12/more-pictures-of-all-saints-garrison.html here]
*[http://coloniallucknow.blogspot.com/2015/04/holy-redeemer-church-roman-catholic.html Holy Redeemer Church (Roman Catholic), Lucknow] April 4, 2015. "Colonial Lucknow".
*[http://www.margaretdeefholts.com/Lucknow.html History’s Ghosts in Old Lucknow] Story and photos by Margaret Deefholts www.margaretdeefholts.com
*[http://www.krrcassociation.com/index.php/association/20-swift-bold-stories/139-goddard-childhood-memories-of-india "Childhood Memories of India"] by John Goddard, KRRC . KRRC Association. The author was born in 1923 and lived most of the time until 1933 in India, in cantonments in Lucknow and Calcutta. His father was officers’ mess sergeant in a battalion of the [[60th Regiment of Foot|King’s Royal Rifle Corps (the 60th Rifles)]]
*[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-2261676/Cliff-Richards-India-How-singers-career-actually-began-Calcutta.html Cliff's Calcutta: How Richard's singing career actually began in the British Raj] by Steve Turner 13 January 2013 dailymail.co.uk. The singer Cliff Richard was born in Lucknow in 1940. His mother had travelled from her home in [[Dehra Dun]], because Lucknow had a reputable hospital, ‘a popular hospital – very British as well’.This may have been the Lady Dufferin Hospital, then renowned for its modern maternity unit.
====Historical books online====
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_194.gif "Lucknow City"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 16'', page 188.
*[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/KC4XLZ6B4D4CMAVK554P5AWMMNLXHDRH ''Lucknow : a Gazetteer ; Volume 37 District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh''] by H R Nevill 1904 Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek. Also available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206940/page/n3 Archive.org]
*[http://bhagirathi.iitr.ac.in/dspace/handle/123456789/745 ''District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh: Volume 37: Lucknow Division''] 1916 may be downloaded as a pdf from [http://bhagirathi.iitr.ac.in/dspace Bhagirathi - The Institute Repository of IIT Roorkee]. This volume is probably ''Supplementary Notes and Statistics''.
*[https://archive.org/stream/gri_000033125008608313#page/n3/mode/2up ''The Lucknow Album : containing a series of fifty photographic views of Lucknow and its environs together with a large sized plan of the city''] 1874 Archive.org
**[https://archive.org/stream/gri_000033125008608313#page/n87/mode/1up Photograph: Christ’s Church]
**[https://archive.org/stream/gri_000033125008608313#page/n177/mode/2up Map]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/touristsguideto00hiltgoog#page/n4/mode/2up ''The Tourist's Guide to Lucknow''] by Edward H Hilton 1894. Archive.org. Also includes background information about the Siege of Lucknow 1857.
*[https://archive.org/details/guidetolucknow00mabe/page/n7 ''The Guide to Lucknow with Historical Notes on Mutiny of 1857''] by M A Beg. Reprint of 6th edition 1911. Archive.org, Historical Resources of India Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023977360 ''Lucknow (the capital of Oudh): an illustrated guide to places of interest, with history and map''] by Lieut.-Colonel H A Newell Fourth Edition c 1920s? (One earlier edition was published in 1916) Archive.org
** [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023977360#page/n84/mode/1up Map of Lucknow: Left hand side], [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023977360#page/n85/mode/1up Right hand side]
*[https://archive.org/details/historiclucknow0000hays/page/n5/mode/2up ''Historic Lucknow''] by Sidney Hay, Illustrated by Enver Ahmed. 1994 reprint edition, first published 1939. Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.97230/page/n1049 "Lucknow"] digital page 1050 (page 53 of the Provincial Section/United Provinces section) ''Thacker's Indian Directory Including Burma 1940-41'' Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108461/page/n7 ''Observations on the Mussulmauns of India : descriptive of their manners, customs, habits and religious opinion made during a twelve years' residence in the immediate society''] by Mrs. Meer Hassan Ali. Edited with notes and an introduction by W. Crooke 1917. The authors background is unclear, other than that she was an English lady of high social rank, who married in England c 1816, and lived most of the time in Lucknow, see the [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108461/page/n11 Introduction]. Page ix. Originally published 1832. [https://archive.org/details/observationsonm02aligoog/page/n3 Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/observationsonm01aligoog/page/n4 Volume II]. Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/368/mode/2up Lucknow] page 368 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/mygardenincityg00cutgoog#page/n7/mode/2up ''My Garden in the City of Gardens: A Memory''] by Edith E Cuthell 1905 Archive.org. Memories of life as an Army Officer’s wife in Lucknow.
*[https://archive.org/details/rajindianmutinyk0000pemb/page/n5 ''The Raj, the Indian Mutiny and the Kingdom of Oudh, 1801-1859''] by John Pemble 1977 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]
