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*[http://archive.org/stream/merchantadventu00hookgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''Merchant Adventurers, 1914-1918''] by F. A. Hook 1920 Archive.org. A "compilation of the war records of the P. and O., British India and associated lines." Note the file is lacking the illustrations which should be in the book. [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100000058408.0x000002 British Library digital file], with illustrations.
*[https://archive.org/details/oldmerchantmarin00pain ''The Old Merchant Marine: A Chronicle of American Ships and Sailors''] by Ralph D Paine 1920 Archive.org. Contains some references to India.
*[https://archive.org/details/indianshippinghi00mookrich ''Indian Shipping: A History of the Sea-Borne Trade and Maritime Activities of the Indians from the Earliest Times''] by Radhakumud Mookerji 1912 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/investmentinempi0000thor/page/n5 ''Investment in Empire; British railway and steam shipping enterprise in India, 1825-1849''] by Daniel Thorner 1950. Archive.org Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/indianshippinghi00saha/page/n3/mode/2up ''Indian Shipping : a Historical Survey''] by Baldeo Sahai 1996. Archive.org. A Government of India publication.
→Historical books online
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170602025700/http://www.bl.uk:80/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indiaofficerecordsfamilyhistory/occupations/maritimeservice/maritime.html The British Library IOR Maritime Service page], now archived.
** Read about [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/937f93cc-ccf5-4c31-951c-af92be35ea66 Ships' Journals '''IOR/L/MAR/A-B'''] 1605-1856. The various ships are listed alphabetically, following the order in ''Catalogue of East India Company Ships' Journals and Logs 1600-1834'' by Anthony J.Farrington (London, 1999).<br>[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/937f93cc-ccf5-4c31-951c-af92be35ea66 Browse the ships’ names] (Discovery catalogue). Alternatively, use the ship's name in [http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 The British Library’s "Search our Catalogue Archives and Manuscripts"].
::Note, some of these Ships' Journals have been digitised, and the digital versions may be accessed from links from the British Library's Catalogue for Archives and Manuscripts.
:: Also see [[Ships' Journals]].
:*A description of [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/41314113-2463-4b40-90d4-d99316d3f475 Marine Miscellaneous Records '''IOR/L/MAR/C'''] 1600-1879.(Discovery) "The collection is in process of re-arrangement and listing in separate series L/MAR/1-9 according to type and provenance". Included in these records are "personnel records of the Company's maritime service (at all levels of employment, but including particularly the appointment and services of commanders and mates of East Indiamen), the Bombay Marine, the Indian Navy, and the Bengal Pilot Service" but no further details are given.
For digitised microfilms available in the LDS (Mormon) library catalogue, see '''[[IOR Marine records on LDS films]]''' or search the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog FamilySearch Library Catalogue] using keywords India Office Marine Department. (See [[FamilySearch Centres]] for viewing information.)
:'''Note''': Microfilm ordering services has ceased however most all microfilms have been digitised and most/all? are currently available for viewing on a FamilySearch computer at a FamilySearch Centre, and most of the records originating from the British Library also appear to be viewable at FamilySearch Affiliate Libraries. Locate these records through the FamilySearch catalogue. It is expected that in time all microfilms will be similarly available in this format.
==Books==
A dictionary was published in 1920, ''The Malim Sahib's Hindustani'' <ref>Woods, Chris.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20181027074415/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india-british-raj.rootsweb.com/thread/2726072/ American English & Malim Sahib's Hindustani] ''Rootsweb India-British-Raj Mailing List'' 11 September 2008, archived. ''The Malim Sahib's Hindustani: for use both ashore and afloat in connection with Lascars and all other low-caste natives of India who speak the bazaar "bat”'' by C T Willson, Bombay Pilot Service. “For ship's officers who wish to acquire a working knowledge of low Hindustani spoken by native crews, coolies, servants and longstoreman generally. All nautical terms and words in common use both ashore and afloat are included."</ref>, which became a required text book for all Cadets, Officers, Radio Officers and Engineers, on joining the British India Steam Navigation Company.<ref>Feltham, John. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200805163823/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india.rootsweb.com/thread/9900501/ Sea Cunny] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 24 October 2002, archived. </ref> The language was a mixture of
Hindustani-Gujarati-Marathi-Konkani (Ratnagiri), a little Urdu..... a pot pourri of words, but simple and effective.<ref name= Malim>"The Maalim Saabs Hindustani" [http://trsearecalls.blogspot.com/2013/11/the-maalim-saabs-hindustani-part-1.html Part 1], [http://trsearecalls.blogspot.com/2013/11/the-malim-sahibs-hindustani-part-2.html Part 2] Mariner’s Nostalgia website. Mandatory for British Officers on B I Ships.</ref> The vocabulary was considered similar to a dialect, in that a European who had learnt this vocabulary was said to speak Malim Sahib's (Sahibs) Hindustani. Available online to search, but not view [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=4CE1AQAAMAAJ Google Books] 1958 reprint edition.
The officers' titles were: Captain - Captain sahib; C/O - Burra malim sahib;
*National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.
**[https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/research-guides National Maritime Museum Research Guides]
**[https://memorials.rmg.co.uk Maritime Memorials] in respect of ships’ crews’ deaths. Search for entries for India, Burma, Burmah and Myanmar, Ceylon and Sri Lanka, and other countries such as China, Singapore etc. (Entries for Karachi were classified as India). Some entries are listed below.<ref> Some entries are listed in [https://web.archive.org/web/20200813063344/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india.rootsweb.com/thread/312109/ Maritime cemetery entries from National Maritime Museum website] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 5 January 2014, now archived. The correct [http://nq.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year ''Notes and Queries''] reference for the Karachi burials mentioned is either appears to be Vol 1701936. Note it is now possible to Search in [https://171 1936 or Vol 176 1939archive.org/details/pub_notes-and-queries?&sort=date ''Notes and Queries'' 1849-2014] collection Archive.org. This collection is a series of digitised microfilmed weekly editions. If you have a reference, select the required year from the filters on the left hand side of the webpage. In addition, there may be other editions which can be found by a general search for this title. It is possible to Search text contents for the whole collection.</ref>, or search by name. An associated National Maritime Museum website.*: '''Update''' noted 2023/01. This database now appears only to be available to researchers onsite at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, see the page [https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/library-archive/maritime-memorials-searching-lives-lost-sea Searching for lives lost at sea] rmg.co.uk*:However, noted 2023/01/24 the website "Maritime Memorials" seems to be freely available again.*: Also see Historical books online, below, for some deaths in the Middle East, including maritime related deaths.**[http://1915crewlists.rmg.co.uk Crew Lists of the British Merchant Navy-1915] National Maritime Museum. The crews originated from all over the world and on some vessels the British nationals were in a minority.
*[http://www.crewlist.org.uk/#top CLIP - the Crew List Index Project]. A not-for-profit volunteer project, with databases of British seafarers and ships records, set up to assist research into the records of British merchant seafarers of the late 19th and early 20th century.
*See the Fibiwiki page [[Ireland]] for Irish Crew Lists 1863-1921. Crews could originate from all over the world.
*[https://maps.nls.uk/world/rec/5842 1923 Map: The World - Sailing Ship Routes] Great Britain. Hydrographic Office. London : HMSO, 1923. maps.nls.uk
====Historical books online====
*[https://archive.org/details/cemet-middle-east-africa-images/mode/2up ''Monumental Inscriptions of Europeans in cemeteries in the Middle East and Africa''] Archive.org includes some Maritime deaths, including deaths in Iran (Persian Gulf) for Indian Navy etc*''Lloyd's List'', a newspaper of shipping intelligence published in London, is available on the pay websites [[Findmypast]] and British Newspaper Archive. The planned date range is 1801-1914, see currently (2021/10/31) missing some years. See [[Newspapers and journals online#Lloyd’s List|Newspapers and journals online - Lloyd's List]] for more details. The planned date range is 1801-1914, currently (2021/10/31) missing including some yearsonline books for the period 1741-1826.
*[https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Lloyd%27s+Register+Foundation%2C+Heritage+%26+Education+Centre%22&sort=date&page=1 ''Lloyd's Register of Shipping''] broken range 1764-1960. Archive.org
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015003557488?urlappend=%3Bseq=11 ''The History of Piracy''] by Philip Gosse 1934, first published 1932. HathiTrust Digital Library. Contains "Book IV: The Pirates of the East". [https://archive.org/details/historyofpiracy0000goss/mode/2up 2007 reprint edition] Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. An earlier book was [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19564 ''The Pirates' Who's Who Giving Particulars Of The Lives and Deaths Of The Pirates And Buccaneers''] by Philip Gosse, first published 1924 Gutenberg.org, or [https://archive.org/details/pirateswhoswhogi0000goss/page/n3/mode/2up 1968 reprint edition] Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
:[https://archive.org/details/oldcountrytradeo00coatrich ''The Old 'Country Trade' of the East Indies''] by William Herbert Coates, Comm. R N R (retired) 1911 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924020891416/page/n5 ''The Clipper Ship Era; an epitome of famous American and British clipper ships, their owners, builders, commanders, and crews, 1843-1869''] by Arthur Hamilton Clark 1911 Archive.org. Important for the China trade.
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024151957/page/n9/mode/2up ''The China Clippers''] by Basil Lubbock 2nd edition 1914, first published also 1914. Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/b29980057/page/n7/mode/2up ''The Opium Clippers''] by Basil Lubbock, first published 1933 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/coolieshipsoilsa0000lubb/page/n7/mode/2up ''Coolie Ships and Oil Sailers''] by Basil Lubbock 1935 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library
:Fiction- Sea stories. [https://archive.org/details/deepseawarriors00lubbgoog/page/n11/mode/2up ''Deep Sea Warriors''] by Basil Lubbock 1910 Archive.org. The story of the crew on a voyage from Calcutta to Cape Town.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/oldeastindiamen00chatiala#page/n7/mode/2up ''The Old East Indiamen''] by E. Keble Chatterton, 1914 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/b29828776/mode/2up ''East Indiamen: The East India Company’s Maritime Service''] by Sir Evan Cotton. Edited by Sir Charles Fawcett. 1949. Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283924/page/n1 ''Trade In The Eastern Seas 1793-1813''] by C. Northcote Parkinson 1937 Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/blackwallfrigates00lubb ''The Blackwall Frigates''] by Basil Lubbock 1922 Archive.org. The Blackwall frigates formed a link betrween the the East Indiaman of the Honourable East India Company and the P&O and Orient liners
*[https://archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofb00downiala#page/100/mode/2up ''Reminiscences of a Blackwall Midshipman''] by W I Downie 1912 Archive.org. Page 100 commences a section on India and Indian waters. The author was born c 1848 , so was probably writing of the 1860s
*[https://archive.org/stream/inlandnavigation032298mbp#page/n37/mode/2up Chapter III: "History and Reasons for Decline of Gangetic Navigation"] page 27 ''Inland Navigation On The Gangetic Rivers'' by J Johnston, ICS 1947 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/indianshippinghi00mookrich ''Indian Shipping: A History of the Sea-Borne Trade and Maritime Activities of the Indians from the Earliest Times''] by Radhakumud Mookerji 1912 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/indianshippinghi00saha/page/n3/mode/2up ''Indian Shipping : a Historical Survey''] by Baldeo Sahai 1996. Archive.org. A Government of India publication.
*[https://archive.org/details/investmentinempi0000thor/page/n5 ''Investment in Empire; British railway and steam shipping enterprise in India, 1825-1849''] by Daniel Thorner 1950. Archive.org Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4870 ''The Bombay Dockyard and the Wadia Master Builders''] by Ruttonjee Ardeshir Wadia 1955 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/oldmerchantmarin00pain ''The Old Merchant Marine: A Chronicle of American Ships and Sailors''] by Ralph D Paine 1920 Archive.org. Contains some references to India.
*[http://archive.org/stream/merchantadventu00hookgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''Merchant Adventurers, 1914-1918''] by F. A. Hook 1920 Archive.org. A "compilation of the war records of the P. and O., British India and associated lines." Note the file is lacking the illustrations which should be in the book. [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100000058408.0x000002 British Library digital file], with illustrations.
*[https://archive.org/details/lauterbachofchin00lowe ''Lauterbach of the China Sea : the Escapes and Adventures of a Seagoing Falstaff''] by Lowell Thomas, 1930 Archive.org. [https://translate.google.com.au/translate?sl=de&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJulius_Lauterbach&edit-text=&act=url Julius Lauterbach] Wikipedia Google Translate English] [1877-1937], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Lauterbach Original German version]. From c 1900 to the start of WW1, Lauterbach sailed the China Sea, becoming Captain, with the initial chapters covering this period.
*[https://archive.org/details/valiantvoyagings0000saun/page/n9 ''Valiant voyaging : a short history of the British India Steam Navigation Company in the Second World War, 1939-1945''] by Hilary St. George Saunders 1948. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Includes a Roll of Honour of Officers and Men who lost their lives at sea due to enemy action.
*''Mercantile Navy List'' . See [[Royal Navy#Mercantile (Merchant) Navy List|Royal Navy - Mercantile (Merchant) Navy List]]
*Directories etc
**[https://archive.org/details/reedsseamanshipc00reed ''Reed's Seamanship. Compiled for candidates preparing to pass the Marine Board examinations for certificates of competency as mates and masters. With ... diagrams''] Revised and enlarged by C M Swainston 22nd edition 1918. Published Sunderland [North-East England]. Archive.org.
**[https://archive.org/details/standardseamansh00ries ''Standard Seamanship for the Merchant Service''] by Felix Riesenberg 1922, published in New York. Archive.org. With illustrations. For ease of reading the text online, select the one page option. Digitised microfilm.
**[https://issuu.com/anmmuseum/docs/flags_national_and_mercantile_for_t ''Flags National and Mercantile…and House Flags and Funnels''] compiled by James Griffin 2nd edition, greatly enlarged 1891. issuu.com, from the collection of the Australian National Maritime Museum. For a different book reader (same digital file), [http://anmm.smedia.com.au/ Vaughan Evans Digital Library] Australian National Maritime Museum and select Books. Also available [https://archive.org/details/flagsnationalan00grifgoog 1883 flagsnationalandmercantile-1891/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version1891], . ([https://archive.org/details/flagsnationalan01grifgoog/page/n6 flagsnationalan00grifgoog 1891 1883 Archive.org version] but - Note many flags are shown in black and white, not in colour.)
**[http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/cns/id/19694 ''1919. Signal Letters of British Ships (formerly the British Code List) for the use of ships at sea, and for signal stations''] Prepared by Charles H Jones, Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen. Published for the Committee of Lloyd’s. Memorial University of Newfoundland Digital Archives Initiative (DAI). Direct link for [http://collections.mun.ca/PDFs/cns/Signal_Letters.pdf pdf download]. [http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/cns/id/19586 Page xx] is titled "Ships belonging to the War Department..."
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=N1BHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP9 ''The British Mariner's Vocabulary; or Universal Dictionary of Technical Terms and Sea Phrases Used in the Construction, Equipment, Management and Military Operations of a Ship''] by J J Moore 1801 Google Books:2nd edition 1805 with title [https://archive.org/details/midshipmansorbr00moorgoog/page/n9/mode/2up ''The Midshipman's or British Mariner's Vocabulary: Being a Universal Dictionary of Technical Terms and Sea Phrases …''] Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.18402/page/n3/mode/2up ''An English and Hindoostanee Naval Dictionary of Technical Terms and Sea Phrases''] by Lieutenant Thomas Roebuck of the Madras Establishment 1813 Archive.org, Asiatic Society of Mumbai (gsangranth) Collection.
:[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=_qRWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP5 ''An English and Hindostanee Naval Dictionary of technical terms and sea phrases ...''] by the late Captain Thomas Roebuck, 4th Edition, revised and corrected by William Carmichael Smyth 1848 Google Books. Previously published in 1841 as part of another book [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=m4peAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA125 "English and Hindostanee Naval Dictionary of Technical Terms, and Sea Phrases"], page 125 ''The Hindoostanee Interpreter: Containing the Rudiments of Grammar; an Extensive Vocabularly; and a Useful Collection of Dialogues. To which is Added a Naval Dictionary of Technical Terms, and Sea Phrases'' by William Carmichael-Smyth 1841 Google Books
:[https://archive.org/details/anenglishandhin00roebgoog ''A Laskari dictionary, or, Anglo-Indian vocabulary of nautical terms and phrases in English and Hindustani, chiefly in the corrupt jargon in use among the Laskars or Indian sailors''] A re-edited and revised edition by George Small, Missionary of the previous works by Roebuck and Smyth. 1882 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.87486/page/n3/mode/2up ''"From Keel to Truck". A Marine Dictionary in English, French and German, amply illustrated by explanatory diagrams of the most important details for the use of Ship-Owners...''] by H Paasch 1885. Archive.org Public Library of India Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/nauticaltermsphr00unit/page/n5 ''Nautical terms & phrases : speak the language of the sea''] [USA] Marine Corps publication 1938 Archive.org
*[https://issuu.com/anmmuseum/docs/handbook_of_information_for_the_col ''Handbook of information for the Colonies and India''] issued by the British India and Queensland Agency Co Ltd , Brisbane 1899-1900. Includes information about the British India Steam Navigation Company, Ld from page 118, digital pages 170-171, including routes and fares. issuu.com, from the collection of the Australian National Maritime Museum. For a different book reader (same digital file), [http://anmm.smedia.com.au/ Vaughan Evans Digital Library] Australian National Maritime Museum and select Books.
