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Medals

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Historical books online
==FIBIS resources==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQb0G9-_2qk ''Medals for Service in India'']. A talk given by Allan Stanistreet, FIBIS Member and Collector of Medals at the FIBIS meeting on 7 November 2009 is available to download or listen to. The podcast is the complete talk, but an extended version that includes the question and answer session at the end of the talk is available for FIBIS members only in the [http://members-area.fibis.org/ FIBIS Social Network]
*[http://wwwfibis.searchourarchives.fibis.org/frontisonline/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=list_sources&source_class=67 Medal rolls] FIBIS database*Image from the [http://www.gallery.fibis.org/picture.php?/728/category/23 FIBIS Gallery: Discharge papers] of Alfred Cecil Gregory who served in the 5th Bn [[East Surrey Regiment]] in various parts of India during WWI. The first page shows he was eligible for six medals, (one for subsequent service in Persia) including the two Territorial Force medals. Click on the ”Photo size” icon on the top left hand side of the image to enlarge.
==Military medals==
|Issued to all British and Colonial forces who rendered service in the WW1 including in Mesopotamia and NWF.
|All British and Colonial Forces and Civilian Labourers.
|-
|1918-1962
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Service_Medal_(1918) General Service Medal (1918)]
|Issued with 18 clasps for actions to 1962, including Iraq 1919-1920, Kurdistan 1919 and 1923, North West Persia 1920 and South Persia 1918-1919.
|British and Indian Armies (the latter prior to 1947) and local forces.
|-
|1936 - 1939
====First World War medals====
Some medals, such as the British War Medal and the Victory Medal were issued by the Government of India.<ref>charlie962 [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/forumstopic/index.php?showtopic=225850 -mic-indian-army-lt-j-f-petrie-north-waziristan-militia/ MIC indian army Lt J F Petrie North Waziristan Militia] ''Great War Forum'' 20 March 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015 24 October 2018.</ref> These medals were produced at the Calcutta Mint, and may have a different appearance to the standard British issue. The British War Medal has a larger suspender claw indicating a Calcutta Mint production.<ref>RobW. [http://gmic.co.uk/topic/54913-indian-army-victory-medals/?page=1 Indian Army Victory Medals] post 20, page 1 ''Gentleman's Military Interest Club Forum'' 22 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</ref> The Victory Medals produced at the Calcutta Mint may appear duller than standard British issue.<ref>Bilco et al. [http://gmic.co.uk/topic/54913-indian-army-victory-medals/?page=2 Indian Army Victory Medals] page 2, ''Gentleman's Military Interest Club Forum'' 13 August 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</ref> For the India General Service Medal 1908 - 1935, clasp Afghanistan NWF 1919, it appears that those still in India at the time the medal was issued, were issued medals by the Government of India. If the bottom "claw" which attaches the medal disc to the suspension is a "double" one, this feature generally indicates an Indian issued medal.<ref>clive_hughes. [https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/270464-india-generl-service-medal-afghanistan-1919/?do=findComment&comment=2747342 india generl service medal afghanistan 1919] ''Great War Forum'' post 24, 7 March 2019, Retrieved 9 March 2019.</ref>
===Non-campaign medals and awards===
|1907 - 1947
|Distinguished service (Indian soldiers/police)
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Meritorious_Service_Medal_(for_Europeans_of_Indian_Army) Indian Meritorious Service Medal]
(for Europeans of Indian Army)
|1848- 1873
|Long and meritorious service (European non-commissioned officers)
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Meritorious_Service_Medal_(for_Indian_Army) Indian Meritorious Service Medal]
|1888-1947
|Long and meritorious service (Indian non-commissioned officers in the Indian Army).
|-
|[[Indian Order of Merit]]
|Gallantry (Indian soldiers)
|-
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_British_India Order of British India]|1837 - 1947|Long, faithful and honourable service (Officers)
|}
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_campaign_medals British Campaign Medals] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Victoria_Cross_recipients_of_the_Indian_Army Indian Army recipients of the VC] Wikipedia
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_for_Long_Service_and_Good_Conduct_(Military) Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military)] Wikipedia.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacGregor_Medal The MacGregor Medal] (Wikipedia) is awarded to Indian Armed Forces personnel for valuable military reconnaissance.
*[https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2017/04/campaign-medals-from-the-india-office-collections.html "Campaign medals from the India Office collections"] April 2017. British Library Blog
*[http://www.king-emperor.com/Campaign%20Medals.html Campaign Medals 1902-39 - www.king-emperor.com] Medals issued to Indian Army Officers and Other Ranks
*[http://www.northeastmedals.co.uk Northeastmedals.co.uk]
*[http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceFor/Veterans/Medals/MedalFaqs.htm Medal FAQs] Ministry of Defence (U.K.)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051123211700/http://faculty.winthrop.edu/haynese/india/medals/IOM/IOM.html The Indian Order of Merit (1837-1947)] by Edward S. Haynes (archived web page)
*[http://www.omsa.org/ Orders and Medals Society of America]*[https://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins/collection/watson/index.html British and other Campaign and Gallantry Medals from the Collection of Lester Watson] The Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, UK.**[https://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins/collection/watson/page64.html First China War Medal, rejected issue proof piece, 1842] Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge*[httphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacGregor_Medal The MacGregor Central_Africa_Medal Central Africa Medal] (Wikipedia) is was a British campaign medal awarded for service from 1891–1894 in Eastern and Central Africa, and from 1894–1898 for service in British Central Africa. Most medals were awarded to members of the Indian Armed Forces personnel for valuable military reconnaissanceArmy and British-led local forces.*:[httphttps://wwwen.omsawikipedia.org/ Orders wiki/East_and_Central_Africa_Medal East and Medals Society of AmericaCentral Africa Medal] Wikipedia*:[https://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins/collection/watson/page100.html Central Africa Medal awarded to Sepoy Ram Singh] of the 23rd Bengal Infantry, part of the Indian Contingent in Africa. From the [httphttps://www.namfitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins/collection/watson/index.html Watson Collection] fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk:[https:/online/issuu.com/royalpioneercorpsassociation/docs/2015_april_newsletter "23 Sikh Pioneers Kisangule Expedition"] by Norman Brown, page 44 ''The Pioneer Newsletter April 2015'' (The newsletter of the Royal Pioneer Corps Association). issuu.com. Award of the Central Africa Kisangule Expedition December 1891 Indian Order of Merit to Havildar Nand Singh [[23rd Punjab Pioneers|23rd Bengal Sikh Pioneers]], together with Central Africa Medal 1891-1898 and East and Central Africa Medal 1897-1899, clasps Lubwa’s, Uganda.:[https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?q=searchType%3Dsimple%26simpleText%3Dindian%2520mutiny%26themeID%3D%26resultsDisplay%3Dlist%26page%3D9&pos=5&total=299&page=9&acc=1963-08-176-1 East and Central Africa Medal 1897-99 with clasp: Uganda 1897-98], awarded to Sepoy Ahmad Khan, 27th (1st Baluch Battalion), Regiment of Bombay Light Infantry. The 27th (1st Baluch Battalion), Regiment of Bombay Light Infantry were one of three Indian Army regiments that took part in the suppression of a mutiny by the Sudanese troops used by the Colonial Government in Uganda. National Army Museum.*[httphttps://wwwwww1.defence.gov.au/Medalsadf-members-families/Imperialhonours-awards/WWImedals/default.asp imperial-awards Medals: Imperial Awards]: Select World War One 1914-1918] . Department of Defence, Australian Government. Includes links to source documents for eligibility criteria for the main medals, including the Mercantile Marine Medal. ** Includes [https://www1.defence.gov.au/adf-members-families/honours-awards/medals/imperial-awards/world-war-one/victory-medal The criteria for the Victory Medal 1914 - 1919] which links to definitions of Theatres of War including includes the actions in India which are regarded as theatres of war. Note, there were three versions of these definitions, published 1919, 1920 and 1923, the [https://www1.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/doc/files/WWI-criteria-Victory-Medal-1914-19-Australian-transcribed.pdf 1923 final version] is provided.**In respect of the 1914-15 Star, additional to the information on the Australian Government website, a limited number of 1914-15 Stars were awarded for entry to the 'Bay of Bengal' War zone, or 'Bay of Bengal Patrol'. It appears that these were in connection with gun running patrols.<ref>Stiles, Richard et al. [https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/292164-the-bay-of-bengal-war-zone-1914-15-star/ The Bay of Bengal War Zone > 1914-15 Star] ''Great War Forum'' 28 July 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.</ref>*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_War_Badge Silver War Badge] Wikipedia. Issued in World War One to service personnel who had been honourably discharged due to wounds or sickness from military service.*[http://www.empirefaithwar.com/tell-their-story/research-your-soldier/helpful-guides/indian-army-medals A Guide to Indian Army Medals: Understanding Medals Awarded to Indian Army Soldiers in WW1] empirefaithwar.com*[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/medal-index-cards-ww1.htm British Army medal index cards 1914-1920]. *[http://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=1262 British Army WWI Medal Rolls Index Cards, 1914-1920] Ancestry.co.uk *[http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/soldiers/how-to-research-a-soldier/campaign-medal-records/how-to-interpret-a-campaign-medal-index-card/ How to interpret a campaign medal index card] The Long, Long Trail*[http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/soldiers/how-to-research-a-soldier/campaign-medal-records/the-british-campaign-medals-for-the-great-war/ The British campaign medals for the Great War] The Long, Long Trail*[http://www.northeastmedals.co.uk/britishguide/territorial_force_war_medal_1914.htm The Territorial Force War Medal, 1914-1920], with eligibility criteria. northeastmedals.co.uk . *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_General_Service_Medal_(1915) Naval General Service Medal (1915)] Wikipedia. Includes clasps Persian Gulf 1909–14 – for operations against pirates, gun-runners and slavers; Iraq 1919–20 – for river gunboat service during the Arab Rebellion; N.W. Persia 1920 – for service in the Naval Mission in the Caspian Sea. At least the Persian Gulf clasp is known to have been issued to [[Indian Navy|Royal Indian Marine]] personnel.*[https://warrecordsrevealed.com/2018/06/10/war-office-medals-branch-1917-1961-a-sourcebook/ War Office Medals Branch 1917-1961: A Sourcebook] “The Sourcebook is designed to add to our understanding of the issue of WW1 Campaign Medals, together with the organisation of Medals Branch and its records between 1917-1961” warrecordsrevealed.com
*[http://www.military-research.co.uk/a-guide-to-british-and-commonwealth-campaign-medals-of-ww2/ A Guide to British and Commonwealth Medals of WW2] military-research.uk
*[https://www.gov.uk/medals-campaigns-descriptions-and-eligibility Medals: campaigns, descriptions and eligibility] Ministry of Defence. Medals from WW2 onwards.
*[https://www.gov.uk/the-ministry-of-defence-medal-office The Ministry of Defence Medal Office] Ministry of Defence. Includes instructions for application for unclaimed WW2 medals. For details of WW2 Index Medal Cards held by the Medal Office, see [[Second World War#Medals|Second World War-Medals]]
*[httphttps://wwwwww1.nationalarchivesdefence.gov.ukau/records/medaladf-indexmembers-cards-ww1.htm British Army medal index cards 1914families/honours-1920]. *[http:awards/medals/search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=1262 British Army WWI Medal Rolls Index Cards, 1914imperial-1920awards Medals: Imperial Awards] Ancestry.co.uk *[http://www.1914-1918Select World War Two.net/soldiers/interpretmic.html How to interpret a campaign medal index card] The Long, Long Trail*[http://www.1914-1918.net/grandad/themedals.htm The British campaign medals Department of 1914-1918] The LongDefence, Long Trail*[http://wwwAustralian Government.petergh.f2s.com/vm1914.htm Eligibility Includes links to source documents for eligibility criteria for the Victory Medal 1914 - 1919] includes the actions in India which are regarded as theatres of war (Scroll down)main medals.
*Peter Ghiringhelli‘s [http://www.petergh.f2s.com/medals.htm British Gallantry, Orders, Decorations, and Campaign ribbons']
*[httphttps://www.northeastmedalshkmj.co.ukorg/abstracts/britishguidev23n3/territorial_force_war_medal_1914319.htm "The Territorial Force War Hong Kong Plague Medal, 1914"] by Moira Chan-1920Yeung and Keith W Poon ''Hong Kong Med J'' 2017 Jun;23(3):319–20. Also see [[Hong Kong]], with eligibility criteria. northeastmedals.co.uk .  
===Historical books online===
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=cREaAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''Medals of the British Army and how they were won. Volume 3 India, China etc''] by Thomas Carter. 1861 Google Books
*[http://archive.org/stream/warmedalsofbriti00cartrich#page/n9/mode/2up ''War Medals of the British Army, and how they were won''] by Thomas Carter and W. H. Long. "Revised, enlarged and continued to the present time" 1893 Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/britishmilitary00gibsgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''British military & naval medals and decorations. A new edition - arranged alphabetically''] by J. Harris Gibson 1880 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/goldwarmedalsawa00whal#page/6/mode/2up "Seringapatam Medal"] page 7 ''Gold War Medals awarded to British Military & Naval Forces from Elizabeth to Victoria'' by J Lawson Walley 1888 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.02624/mode/2up ''Historical Record of Medals and Honorary Distinctions conferred on the British Navy, Army and Auxiliary Forces''] by George Tancred. Archive.org. No date of publication may be seen, but catalogued elsewhere as published 1891.
*[http://archive.org/stream/warmedalsofbriti00cartrich#page/n9/mode/2up ''War Medals of the British Army, and how they were won''] by Thomas Carter and W. H. Long. "Revised, enlarged and continued to the present time" 1893 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/medalsofbritishn00longrich/page/n5/mode/2up ''Medals of the British Navy and how they were won : with a list of those officers, who for their gallant conduct were granted honorary swords and plate by the Committee of the Patriotic Fund''] by W H Long 1895 Archive.org.
*''Medals and Decorations of the British Army and Navy With numerous coloured plates and illustrations'' by John Horsley Mayo 1897 [http://archive.org/stream/medalsanddecora00mayogoog#page/n8/mode/2up Volume 1] [http://archive.org/stream/medalsanddecora01mayogoog#page/n4/mode/2up Volume 2] [http://archive.org/stream/medalsanddecora00mayogoog#page/n22/mode/2up Contents] [http://archive.org/stream/medalsanddecora00mayogoog#page/n24/mode/2up List of Medals] Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/early-indian-campaigns-decorations ''Early Indian Campaigns and the Decorations Awarded for them''] by Major H Biddulph c 1899. ''Reprinted from The Royal Engineers Journal''. Archive.org. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044081391922?urlappend=%3Bseq=5 HathiTrust Digital Library version] with rotatable pages.
*[https://archive.org/details/warmedalsdecorat00irwiuoft ''War Medals and Decorations issued to the British Military and Naval Forces and Allies 1588 to 1910''] By D Hastings Irwin Fourth edition, enlarged and corrected 1910 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/warmedalstheirhi00stewrich War ''Medals and their History''] by William Augustus Steward 1915 Archive.org
*[http://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/1923_BNJ_17_16.pdf "Gold and silver medals of the Honourable East India Company"] by Charles Winter. ''The British Numismatic Journal Volume 17'' (1923-24), 281-87. These are medals issued to native troops.
*[http://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/1925_BNJ_18_10.pdf "The Army of India Medal"] by Charles Winter. The ''British Numismatic Journal Volume 18'' (1925-26), 165-72.
*[http://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/1929_BNJ_20_22.pdf "War medals issued for services in India, 1852-1924, also the first and second issue of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire"] by Charles Winter. ''The British Numismatic Journal Volume 20'' (1929-30), 271-77. *[https://archive.org/details/auctionofbrianri00dixn ''An auction of the Brian Ritchie collection of H.E.I.C. and British India medals, part I''. [09/17/2004<nowiki>]</nowiki>] by Dix Noonan Webb. With many photographs of medals. Archive.org:[https://archive.org/details/auctionofbrianri00dixn_0 ''An auction of the Brian Ritchie collection of H.E.I.C. and British India medals, part II''. [03/02/2005<nowiki>]</nowiki>] by Dix Noonan Webb. With many photographs of medals. Archive.org:[https://archive.org/details/auctionofbrianri00dixn_1 ''An auction of the Brian Ritchie collection of H.E.I.C. and British India medals, part III''. [09/23/2005<nowiki>]</nowiki>] by Dix Noonan Webb. With many photographs of medals. Archive.org*[https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28+Medals%29+AND+creator%3A%28Dix+%29&sort=date&page=1 A Collection of Medal Catalogues at Archive.org] using Keywords Medals and Dix.*''Orders, Decorations, Campaign Medals and Militaria'' Catalogues by Spink, London.:[https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/11007 11007 21 April 2011], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/11010 11010 21 July 2011], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/11011 11011 24 November 2011], :[https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/12002 12002 19 April 2012], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/12003 12003 19 July 2012], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/12004 12004 22 November 2012], :[https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/13001 13001 25 April 2013], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/13002 13002 25 July 2013], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/13003 13003 21 November 2013], :[https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/14001 14001 24 April 2014], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/14002/94 14002 24 July 2014], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/14003 14003 20 November 2014], :[https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/15001 15001 23 April 2015], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/15002_ac919003a34659 15002 23 July 2015], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/15003 15003 19 November 2015], :[https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/16001 16001 21 April 2016], [https://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/16002 16002 21 July 2016]. All issuu.com .:Search [https://spink.com/archive/index Spink Archive]*''Aviation, Military & Transport'', or similarly titled catalogues by Dominic Winter Auctioneers. Include Medals, usually in the back pages.:[https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw101-038_medium_res 11th November 2010], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw101-049_high_res__revised_2_ 18-19 May 2011], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_23_24.05.2012_highres 23-24 May 2012], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_15_16.11.12_high_res 15-16 November 2012],:[https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw101-095 16-17 May 2013], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw101-103 7-8 November 2013], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_15_16_may_2014_high_res 15-16 May 2014], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_13_14_november_2014_highres 13-14 November 2014],:[https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_14_15_may_catalogue_hi_res 14-15 May 2015], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_12.10.15_high_res 12-13 November 2015], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_13.06.2016_high_res 13 May 2016], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw101-163_listing_high_res 11 November 2016],:[https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/militaria_catalogue_hi-res 9 November 2017], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_militaria_highres 18 May 2018], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_9nov2018_highres 9 November 2018],:[https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw16may2019_highres 16 May 2019], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_7nov2019_hr 7 November 2019], [https://issuu.com/jammdesign/docs/dw_19nov20 17 December 2020]. All issuu.com . There may be additional editions.
== References ==
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