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Mule Corps from the Indian Army served in Macedonia during the First World War, see External links.
There was also a British Army regiment called the Macedonian Mule Corps established in the summer of 1916 by the British Salonica Army and the Cyprus colonial government, (also known as the Cypriot Mule Corps). These men served mostly in Salonica during the war and in Istanbul after the armistice. <ref>[httphttps://journalswww.cambridgeacademia.orgedu/action10686840/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9498655&fileId=S0165115314000540 Abstract only] of Recruitment_and_Volunteerism_for_the_Cypriot_Mule_Corps_1916-1919 "Recruitment and Volunteerism for the Cypriot Mule Corps, 1916-1919. Pushed or Pulled?" ] by Andrekos Varnava, ''Itinerario'' / Volume 38 / Issue 03 / December 2014, pp 79-101and [https://www.academia.edu/33203070/European_Subaltern_War_Asses_Service_or_Employment_in_the_Cypriot_Mule_Corps_During_the_Great_War "European Subaltern War Asses: 'Service' or 'Employment' in the Cypriot Mule Corps During the Great War"] by Andrekos Varnava, both academia.edu. Also see [https://www.europeana.eu/en/item/2020601/https___1914_1918_europeana_eu_contributions_5741 List of muleteers who served with the Macedonian Mule Corps] europeana.eu, also to be found at moec.gov.cy </ref> A regimental history, ''The Macedonian Mule Corps 1916-1919 : some records'', compiled by Major J.P.B. Condon (1979, Nicosia) is available at The National Archives Library, and Imperial War Museums. The following histories are available at the [[British Library]]: ''Serving the empire in the Great War : the Cypriot Mule Corps, imperial loyalty and silenced memory'' by Andrekos Varnava UIN: BLL01018230538 ; ''The Cypriot Mule Corps in the First World War'' by Nur Çetine UIN: BLL01018781384 . Also see The National Archives record entry [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/C16161 WO 405] The Macedonian Mule Corps in World War I, which includes a searchable database.
==Recommended reading==
A chapter about mules is included in ''Tales of the Mountain GunnerGunners'' an anthology compiled by those who served with them and edited by C. H. T. MacFetridge and J. P. Warren. Edinburgh : Blackwood, 1973.
<br>An anthology of tales and short stories about one of the most unusual and colourful units in the history of the British Empire: the Mountain Artillery. Its reputation for action attracted a collection of adventurous, able and eccentric officers; usually with a combination of all three qualities. See [[Military reading list#Other| Military reading list - Army - Other]] - List of books recommended by Peter Moore. Another reader said "I cannot recommend too highly ''Tales of the Mountain Gunners''. It is simply enthralling, moving, funny, inspiring and wonderful. It would be in my top 10 books never to part with.<ref>Muerrisch. [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?/topic/247013-royal-artillery-in-india-pack-battery-query/&do=findComment&comment=2488531 Royal Artillery in India, Pack Battery query] ''Great War Forum'' 28 January 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.</ref>
<br>Chapters include: in the days work, good fighting, the soldier, the mule, the gun, some characters and more.<ref>[http://wwwWebpage no longer available.military-naval-history.co.uk/pages/artillery.htm Originally from "Books on Artillery and Fortifications] " DP&G Publications.</ref>
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151120051654/http://www.hmvf.co.uk/pdf/BRITISHARMYANIMALS.PDF British Army Transport Animals] , now archived. Excellent article by Clive Elliott containing lots of background information about the roles played by army mules with accompanying photos and diagrams.
*[http://animalhistorymuseum.org/exhibitsandevents/online-gallery/gallery-8-animals-and-empire/enter-gallery-8/i-imperial-species/mules/ Mules in the ‘English World’: Cultural Rejection versus Practical Utility] by William G. Clarence-Smith. animalhistorymuseum.org. General background information about mules.
*[http://www.limbergunners.ca/html/body_history_of_the_screw_gun.html The History Of The Screw Gun] By Colonel J.R.M. Hubel, CD AdeC BA M Ed limbergunners.ca. Includes a section on mules (scroll down)
*[http://www.kingscollections.org/_assetsservingsoldier/archiosgallerycollection/57the-dardanelles-expedition/2344.jpg hamilton-7-12-1-158-00019-62809#page-header Photograph of Indian troops [7 Indian Mounted <nowiki>[Mountain?]</nowiki> Artillery Bde with mules, waiting to embark transport ship at Alexandria, Egypt. No 2278. 1916] from a [http://www.kingscollections.org/servingsoldier/collection/the-dardanelles-expedition#Gallery collection of official photographs of the Dardanelles Expedition, 1915-1916.] The Serving Soldier King’s College London
*[http://www.mapinpub.in/book_images/Sample%20pages%20from%20Indian%20Troops%20in%20Europe.pdf Photograph: Mule carts at Bombay docks, WW1] Scroll down to the image. mapinpub.in
*[http://www.kaiserscross.com/304501/534401.html "Macedonia 1916-1918: Indian Military Transport Units in Macedonia"] by Harry Fecitt, ''Harry’s Sideshows'' kaiserscross.com. Mule Corps in Salonika.
*[http://www.newrider.com/Library/How_it_Was/mules.html About Mules c 1937] Extracts from the ''Manual of Horsemastership, Equitation, and Animal Transport'' 1937 - Published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office: London.
*[http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/richardtrooping.html British India Steam Navigation Company Ltd. Trooping with Richard Douglas Crow] includes a short account of transporting a Mule Corps from Bombay to Marseilles in WW2
*[httphttps://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/force-k6-indian-troops-in-france/article1story-1062520Sqq8GVn7QELe6YFORD4tiL.aspx html "Force K6: Indian troops in France"] by Mandeep Singh Bajwa, ''Hindustan Times'' May 19, 2013. Consisted of 22, 25, 29 and 32 Mule Companies and a supply depot, a reinforcement unit, part of an Indian General Hospital, and a remount section sent to France, reaching there in December 1939. The men were subsequently evacuated from Dunkirk and then spent time in Britain.
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20151007003206/http://www.cwgc.org/foreverindia/stories/men-of-royal-indian-army.php The men of the Royal Indian Army Service Corps (RIASC) Mule Companies - the retreat to Dunkirk] cwgc.org, now an archived webpage.
**In Wales: [http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/wales/archive/bbc-north-west-wales-history-ww2-royal-indian-army-visit.pdf BBC North West Wales] The 22nd company got captured by the Germans just before Dunkirk
****[http://www.historylinksarchive.org.uk/picture/number11122.asp Information about the Regiments in Scotland] by Hamish Johnston. Click on the "Open Document” at the bottom for page 2.
****[http://www.historylinksarchive.org.uk/picture/number11123.asp Image] of the first page of an 28 page article “A Corner of Pakistan in Scotland” by Hamish Johnston, told in two articles in the ''Highland Family History Society Journal 2012''. It may be possible to apply to the museum (<nowiki>enquiries@historylinks.org.uk</nowiki>) for a copy in terms of the following: "pdf files of larger size may be made available, copyright permitting, for a reasonable donation to cover administrative costs”.
***: This article is also available [http://70brigade.newmp.org.uk/w/images/e/ed/A_corner_of_Pakistan_in_Scotland.pdf 70brigade.newmp.org.uk]***The Indian Army at Loch Ewe, Scottish Highlands: [https://web.archive.org/web/20150919150520/http://www.russianarcticconvoymuseum.co.uk/wp/lochewe/indian-army-at-loch-ewe/ russianarcticconvoymuseum.co.uk] , now an archived webpage and [http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/heritage/sacrifice-remembering-the-scots-in-the-russian-arctic-convoys-1-2278975 scotsman.com]
*Listen to the [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80011995 1991 interview with Francis William Geoffrey Turner] British officer served as brigade animal <nowiki>[mule]</nowiki> transport officer with 111 Indian Infantry Bde during First and Second Chindit Expeditions in Burma, 1943-1944. Imperial War Museums.
*[http://14usaaf27tcs.4mg.com/Mules.html The Stubborn but Courageous Mule] in Burma WW2. 14usaaf27tcs.4mg.com.
*[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1500292/Brigadier-Hector-Wilkins.html Obituary of Brigadier Hector Wilkins 1916-2005] 10 Oct 2005 ''The Telegraph''. In 1944 He was a supervising veterinary officer of "A" Group Indian Pack Transport consisting of nearly 1,000 animals in Italy.
*Video: [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060030433 Evacuation of "special force" mules and men by waterborne craft made especially for the occasion] Burma WW2 contains some images of mules. Imperial War Museums
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1864482/?page=1 "A Short History of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps"] by Brigadier J. Clabby ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine'' 1976 Feb; 69(2): 93–96. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Contains references to mules.
===Historical books online===
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/unitedservicema01pollgoog#page/n431/mode/1up "Mule Transport in Persia"] by C E Biddulph page 407 ''The United Service Magazine Volume 8 New Series October 1893 to April 1894'' Archive.org. Mules were purchased in Persia by the Indian Transport Department.
*[https://archive.org/stream/animalmanagement00grea#page/270/mode/2up ''"Chapter X: The Mule''"] page 270 ''Animal Management 1908''. Prepared in the Veterinary Department for General Staff, War Office. HMSO. Reprinted 1914 Archive.org. :[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101049976515?urlappend=%3Bseq=293 "Chapter X: The Mule"] page 275 ''Animal Management 1923'' Hathi Trust Digital Library:[http://dliwww.sercnew.iiscdli.ernet.in/handle/2015/238174 ''Animal Management (1933)'']. HMSO. Pdf download, Digital Library of India. Probably also contains a chapter about Mules.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/ontwofrontsbeing00alexrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''On Two Fronts - Being the adventures of an Indian Mule Corps in France and Gallipoli''] by Major H M Alexander DCO, S & T Corps, Indian Army 1917 Archive.org. The Mule Corps were part of the Supply and Transport Corps.
*[https://archive.org/stream/onroadtokutsoldi00blacrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''On the road to Kut: a soldier's story of the Mesopotamian campaign''] with 56 illustrations and a map. 1917 Archive.org. The author appears to be an officer from India in a Mule Corps.
*[https://archive.org/stream/horsewarillustra00galt#page/42/mode/2up "Chapter V. The Gallant Mule"] page 43 ''The Horse and the War'' by Captain Sydney Galtrey, Remount Department. Illustrated with drawings by Captain Lionel Edwards 1918 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/sepoysep00candrich#page/208/mode/2up "The Drabi"] [Mule Driver] page 208 ''The Sepoy'' by Edmund Candler 1919 Archive.org
*[http://search.slv.vic.gov.au/MAIN:Everything:SLV_VOYAGER224009 ''Provisional handbook for the 2. 95-in 2. F. mountain gun, mark 1, mule equipment, 1901''] Published London. With plates, including Mule plates. State Library of Victoria.:[http://search.slv.vic.gov.au/MAIN:Everything:SLV_VOYAGER220629 ''Handbook for the 2.95 inch q.f. mountain gun, mark I mule equipment. 1906'']. Published London. With plates, including Mule plates. State Library of Victoria.:[http://search.slv.vic.gov.au/MAIN:SLV_VOYAGER210104 ''Handbook of the q.f, 3.7-inch mountain howitzer, mark I, 1921''] State Library of Victoria,. The handbook contains text relating to the loading of mules, but not the illustrative plates which were issued separately. (The digital file may be slow to download)
[[Category:Indian Army]]
