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The following books are available at the [[British Library]]. Books available online, refer [[North West Frontier Campaigns#Historical books online|below]], are not listed.*''Operations against the Orakzai tribe on the Miranzai frontier under the command of Brigadier-General Sir W.S.A. Lockhart, K.C.B., C.S.I., in 1891'' compiled from official sources (under the orders of the Quarter-Master General in India) by A.H. Mason. 1891 *''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India Volume 2. North-West Frontier Tribes between the Kabul and Gumal Rivers'' by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1908 *''Official History of operations on the N.-W. Frontier of IndiaOffice Records, 1920-35'' which may be located by General Staff Army Headquarters, India 1945. Available through Amazon.co.uk from using the [http://astoresearcharchives.amazon.cobl.uk/faminbriindso-21primo_library/detail/1843427648 FIBIS Shop] *''Official History of operations on the N.W. Frontier of India, 1936-37'' by General Staff Army Headquarters, India 1943. Available through Amazon.co.uk from the [http:libweb/action/astoresearch.amazon.co.uk/faminbriindso-21/detail/1843427656 FIBIS Shop] do?dscnt=1&dstmp=1510016459624&vid=India Office RecordsIAMS_VU2&fromLogin===India Office Records true British Library Search] include:*[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_3-2_1-6&cid=1-1-110#1-1-110 Collection 391 North West Frontier Operations 1897 IOR/L/MIL/7/15855-15939] 1897-1923 *[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_3-2_1-7&cid=1-1-3#1-1-3 Collection 403 Frontier and Overseas Expeditions IOR/L/MIL/7/16820-16978] 1901-1944*War Diary [Collection], Army Headquarters India, Frontier Operations. GSI, 1914-20. 56 vols. IOR/L/MIL/17/5/4066-4121. Printed volumes from the Military Library. At least one, possibly more, is thought to be available in the library subscription website "The Indian Army and Colonial Warfare on the Frontiers of India, 1914-1920", see [[Subscription websites-online newspapers, journals and directories]].*[http://wwwdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2abrowse/records.aspx?cat=059r/h/f5f47a88-iorlps_78f63-1&cid=1439b-1#19851-1 807ef4016601 Political and Secret Department Library IOR/L/PS/20 ] 1757-1952] . A very large and varied collection of confidential prints, official publications and commercially published works, analogous to the Military Library (see under L/MIL/17), it largely consists of military reports, gazetteers, summaries of correspondence, handbooks etc. dealing with the Indian States, the frontier regions and neighbouring countries. There is a separate index. Includes** [http://wwwdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2abrowse/records.aspx?cat=059r/h/3d1f812d-iorlps_78302-1&cid=1-14877-2#1b020-1-2 fb24abdf8195 Political and Secret Department Library: 'B' Books IOR/L/PS/20/B] 1834-1944 . Covers Afghanistan, Baluchistan, North West Frontier of India, Jammu and Kashmir and Northern Frontier of India**[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/8f3ed949-072d-4247-9f02-97cd6d17ff04 Political and Secret Department Library: 'D' Books] 1865-1949. Covers Assam, Bhutan, Burma (including Shan States, Chin Hills etc), Burma-China Frontier, China (except Chinese Turkestan, for which see L/PS/20/A), Nepal, Tibet, Sikkim, North East Frontier of India, Siam, South East Asia and Far East

==Individual accountsRecommended Reading==*John Morris served as an officer in the Indian Army with the 3rd Queen Alexandra’s Own Gurkha Rifles from 1918 until 1934 in Palestine, Afghanistan (the Third Afghan War in 1919), Waziristan and the North West Frontier of India.<ref>[http://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/download.php?file_id=14440 John Morris at Keio University 1938-1942] by William Snell, page 2 of the pdf</ref> His autobiography ''Hired to Kill, Some Chapters of Autobiography ''was published in 1960. (London, Rupert Hart-Davis ). "Chapter Fifteen, in which he describes how he and his company were ambushed by Mahsud tribesmen on the frontier is a little masterpiece".<ref> [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Encounter-1961jan-00071 "Times and Lives"] by Stephen Spender in ''Encounter, January 1961'', page 71 .unz.org</ref> Available at the [[British Library]]*John Archibald Hislop was an officer in the Indian Army, 2nd Battalion 9th Jat Regiment from 1933 . He had a series of postings primarily in on the North West Frontier area. Subsequently he was GS02 Waziristan District until c .August 1943. His autobiography memoirs ''A Soldier’s Story-From the Khyber Pass to the Jungles of Burma: The Memoir of a British Officer in the Indian Army 1933-1947'' was were published by his daughter in 2010. "Readers will learn much interesting detail about operations in Waziristan and Baluchistan before the outbreak of war, tactics needed for protection on long marches - an officer reviewed in charge of a flanking picquet might find himself moving over thirty miles per day over mountainous ground for several consecutive days, and all the problems of food supply and water"<ref>[http://www.newhavenpublishing.co.uk/review.html Newhaven Publishing] Dr Anthony Clayton Review for the Sandhurst Foundation</ref> Available at the [[British LibraryFIBIS Journal]]26. == External links ==*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Masters John Masters] North-West_Frontier_(Wikipediamilitary_history) was an officer in the Indian Army from 1934, with the 2nd Battalion [[4th Gurkha RiflesNorth West Frontier Military History]] from 1935. His autobiography ''Bugles and a Tiger; a Volume of Autobiography'' was published in 1956 and has since been republished under slightly different titles as ''Bugles and a Tiger'', ''Bugles and a Tiger : a Personal Adventure'' and ''Bugles and a Tiger: My Life in the Gurkhas'' . It covers the Waziristan Campaign 1936-39. Passages about the often vicious conflict are quoted in this Wikipedia*[http://thedabbleren.cowikipedia.ukorg/2011wiki/06/with-roses-in-their-long-hair link]<ref>[http://thedabbler.co.uk/2011/06/with-roses-in-their-long-hair With ‘roses in their long hair…’] by Gaw June 8, 2011 thedabbler.co.uk</ref> This book is available at the [[British Library]]. It is also available to read online, refer [[North West Frontier Campaigns#historical books online|below]Pink's_War Pink’s War]1925 Wikipedia

== External Links =Maps===*[http://enhomepages.rootsweb.wikipediaancestry.orgcom/~poyntz/India/wikiimages/North-West_Frontier_(military_history) AfghanFrontier.JPG 1893 North West Frontier Military HistoryMap] Wikipedia<br>Rootsweb*[http://wwwdsal.king-emperoruchicago.comedu/reference/gaz_atlas_1909/Articles-Frontier-a3fullscreen.htm The North-West Frontier of Indiahtml?object=39 1909 NWF Map] www.king-emperor.com<br>Digital South Asia Maps*[httphttps://wwwarchive.northeastmedalsorg/details/dli.cocsl.uk8907/page/n573/britishguidemode/indiageneralservice1895.htm India Medal 1895] www.northeastmedals.co.uk<br>*[http1up Map://wwwan outline of the N.northeastmedalsW.co.uk/britishguide/punjab_frontier_despatches/chitral_vc_victoria_cross.htm NWF VCsFrontier of India] digital page 573 ''The History of the Sikh Pioneers, (23rd, 32nd, 34th)'' by Sir George MacMunn [1936] wwwArchive.northeastmedals.coorg.uk<br>*[http://homepages.rootswebwww.ancestryqdl.comqa/~poyntzen/Indiaarchive/images81055/AfghanFrontiervdc_100039522683.0x000001 1938, March.JPG 1893 North West Frontier Sketch Mapof Waziristan] Rootsweb<br>British Library catalogue reference IOR/L/PS/12/1960, f 258. Qatar Digital Library. ===Histories===*[http://dsalethos.uchicagobl.eduuk/reference/gaz_atlas_1909/fullscreen.html?objectOrderDetails.do?uin=39 1909 NWF Map] Digital South Asia Maps<br>*British Raj [http://archiveruk.rootswebbl.ancestryethos.com/th/read/INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ/2010-02/1266047892 306940 post] dated 12 February 2010 about 1930s maps of the North West Frontier region, recommending those in the ''Official History 1920-35'Passing it on' and ''1936: the army in India and the development of frontier warfare 1849-371947'', refer [[North West Frontier Campaigns# British Library holdings|above]]*by Timothy Robert Moreman. 1996 PhD Thesis King’s College London. British Library’s EthOS e-theses online service. [httphttps://michaelelambertkclpure.kcl.ac.comuk/portal/mainen/pdftheses/Michael_E_Lambert_Afghanistan_&_North_West_Frontier.pdf Afghanistan & North West Frontier] by Michael E. Lambert. The presentation is in three parts: "The History" relates Britain’s involvement passing-it-on--the-army-in -india-and-the North West Frontier, -development-of-frontier-warfare-18491947(page 6 of the pdf) "The Medals" discusses the Afghanistan Medal, the Kabul f60ece93-45c9-44ab-b3a0-16f1625a1926).html Alternative link to Kandahar Starpdf download] King's College, and the India General Service Medal through its multiple issuesLondon. A book was subsequently published in 1998, see Historical books online below.(page 38 of the pdf), "The Album" presents early twentieth century photographs of soldiers and soldiering (page 56 of the pdf)*[http::Article: [https://wwwweb.khyberarchive.org/pashtohistoryweb/storyofthepakhtoons.20220513210119/http://www.khyber.org/publications/041-045/armyininda.shtml Story of the Pakhtoons [Pathans<nowiki>]</nowiki>Army in India & Frontier Warfare 1914-1939] by Tim Moreman (Khyber.org<br>*''British Governance of the North-West Frontier (1919 to 1947), now archived and originally from [https: A Blueprint for Contemporary Afghanistan?'' by Andrew M//web.archive.org/web/20200220062414/http://www. Roe, Maj, British Armyking-emperor. Master’s Thesis Fort Leavenworthcom/Frontier%20Warfare%201914-1939.html king-emperor.com], Kansas 2005 now archived).*[https://docsweb.googlearchive.comorg/web/viewer?a=v&q=cache20160515195215/http:8pN3JWr8izAJ:www//michaelelambert.dtic.milcom/main/cgi-binpdf/GetTRDoc?AD%3DADA437314+british+army+letter+india+1919sMichael_E_Lambert_Afghanistan_&hl=en_North_West_Frontier.pdf Afghanistan &gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgdB1wUvqI8ikHiOuoAKYjsCAteXvKXKhGSeZbSJxBgqSi7A5noCmlSDkobeTbofU0WHCxFpXIlHlK4EmWJEJtzTKkWOpfYqZWRQp-zvOZzZ-hyxliXBVcv2-R5v4W1erBSldqF&sig=AHIEtbSe3kVPF7VsEbjaJcf8Hcrt_V7N6A html versionNorth West Frontier] [http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA437314 pdf]*Six blogs by Thomas (pdf) by Michael E. Ricks [http://ricksLambert, now an archived webpage.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/03/09/the_british_experience_in_waziristan_tons_of_lessons_to_be_learned The British experience presentation is in three parts: "The History" relates Britain’s involvement in Waziristanthe North West Frontier, 9 March 2010]"The Medals" discusses the Afghanistan Medal, the Kabul to Kandahar Star, [http://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/03/10/lessons_from_waziristan_ii_the_central_role_of_the_political_agent 10 March 2010]and the India General Service Medal through its multiple issues, "The Album" presents early twentieth century photographs of soldiers and soldiering.*[http://rickswww.foreignpolicynihcr.com/posts/2010/03/11/waziristan_iii_insights_into_the_nature_of_the_formidable_pashtun_foe 11 March 2010], [http://ricksedu.foreignpolicy.compk/postsLatest_English_Journal/2010Pjhc%2025-1%202004/03/12/waziristan_iv_trying_to_imagine_an_american_version_of_the_frontier_scouts 12 March 2010], [http9-British%20Policy%20in%20Tribal.pdf "British Policy in Tribal Areas://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/03/15/waziristan_v_it_can_even_tell_us_a_bit_about_our_current_coin_debate 15 March 2010A Case Study of Waziristan"], [http://ricksby Dr.Fazlur Rahman ''Pakistan Journal of History and Culture'' Vol.foreignpolicyXXV No.com1 Jan-Jun 2004. Includes statistics about the cost of operations.*[https://web.archive.org/postsweb/201020170430093249/03http:/16/waziristan_vi_and_last_roe_s_lessons 16 March 2010] from foreignpolicywww.com, with comments on the book asc-centralasia.edu.pk/Issue_62/01-Military_Operations_in_Waziristan.html ''Waging War Military Operations in Waziristan: The British Struggle in the Land of Bin Laden, From a Historical Perspective (1849-1947'', )"] by Andrew MCol. Roe, a British infantry officer, published 2010(Retd. This book may be purchased through Amazon.co.uk from the ) Muhammad Yahya Effendi Issue 62, [http://astore.amazon.co.uk/faminbriindso-21/detail/0700616993 FIBIS Shop2008?].* ''The British colonial experience in Waziristan and its applicability to current operationsCentral Asia'' by Matthew W. Williams 2005. School Research Journal of Advanced Military Studies Uthe Area Study Center, University of Peshawar, Pakistan, now archived.S. Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas *[https://docsweb.googlearchive.comorg/web/viewer?a=v&q=cache:kvEFCRp6hm0J20050114111553/http://www.dticdefencejournal.milcom:80/2001/jan/cgibritish-bin/GetTRDoc?AD%3DADA436296+factor.htm ''The+British+colonial+experience+Factor and Asia in+Waziristan+and+its+applicability+to+current+operations+by+Matthew+Wthe Twentieth Century''.+Williams&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESj7xIso1hBBP91P91tq1b1Tvu_fOABXU3tFZVniMro8OHFgqaXDUKLWdlBfQ_EaTuDloxy7cS8vVBwh7PccPZXLr6r6kSHg22c3-q5AE_ACC8B_IQa9S77Q8Mfc56BckiRbTSuU&sig=AHIEtbQHRqilBVBbiUlKy8nRpsb5swQvBw html versionChapter V: "British India’s North West Tribal Territories"], [http://wwwby Maj (Retd) Raja Muhammad Sarwar Dhuddy.dtic''The Defence Journal January 2001'' (Karachi, Pakistan), now archived.mil*[https:/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA436296 pdf]*''An Ever Present Dangerweb.archive.org/web/20131122051541/http: A Concise History of British Military Operations on //www.victorianmilitarysociety.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36:why-was-the North-West Frontier, north-west-frontier-of-india-the-scene-of-so-much-conflict-in-the-period-1849-1947'' by Matt M. Matthews Occasional Paper 33 June 2010, Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center Fort Leavenworth, Kansas [http://www1901&catid=10:articles&Itemid=9 "Why was the North-West frontier of India the scene of so much conflict in the period 1849-1901?"] by R.cgscA.edu/carl/download/csipubs/matthews_33Johnson from ''Soldiers of the Queen issue 97'', Victorian Military Society, now archived.pdf pdf], *[httpshttp://docswww.googletribalanalysiscenter.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:kPDF-dEkF7uPToJ:www.cgsc.eduTAC/carl/download/csipubs/matthews_33.The%201897%20Revolt%20and%20Tirah%20Valley%20Operations.pdf+Zakka+Khel+ "The 1897 Revolt and+Mohmand+Expeditions&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgKswqu7MCLMPYXpnS0Z_F85D2LKqnKJ3dAESlW-WODMqj1HJh95IYthbE7nvcF1N4rhUD1jr2IOsNz_CBAP93nDvQLgEFVsk4WvUsJSC9Y9ZKd7KF8jvtAlwAzZq1LScYabfDA&sig=AHIEtbTcjZki-OEnBSumZA8AlfDCJR_mLg html versionTirah Valley Operations from the Pashtun Perspective"]by Robert A Johnson November 2009 Tribal Analysis Center *[httphttps://wwwweb.asc-centralasiaarchive.eduorg/web/20170629213546/http://www.asc-centralasia.edu.pk/Issue_62Issue_64/01-Military_Operations_in_Waziristan06_Khyber_during_the_Frontier.html 'Military Operations in Waziristan"Khyber during the Frontier Uprising of 1897: From a Historical Perspective (1849-1947)Lessons to Learn from the British Policy in the Tribal Areas"] by ColDr Javed Iqbal '' Central Asia Journal'' No. (Retd.) Muhammad Yahya Effendi Issue 62, [200864 [c 2009?] ''Central Asia'' Research Journal of the Area Study Center, Univeristy University of Peshawar, Pakistan (A biannual publication)now archived.*[httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20191025093159/https://www.defencejournaldefence.gov.comau/adc/publications/2001commanders/jan2012/british-factor02_sligo%20paper.htm ''The pdf "An Historical Analysis of the ‘Incessant Disputes in the Tribal Areas’ (of the North-West Frontier) against the British Factor (and Asia in the Twentieth Century''. Chapter V: "British India’s North West Tribal TerritoriesIndian Army) from 1893 to 1939"] by Maj (Retd) Raja Muhammad Sarwar DhuddyColonel Graeme Sligo, Australian Army. October 2012. defence.gov. ''The Defence Journal January 2001'' (Karachiau, Pakistan) now an archived webpage.*[httphttps://defenceoftherealmarchive.blogspot.comorg/2009details/10/air-power.html DTIC_ADA436296 ''The limits of powerBritish Colonial Experience in Waziristan and Its Applicability to Current Operations''] by 'Richard' 20 October 2009Matthew W Williams 26 May 2005. Surveys the policies to subdue the warring tribes on the North West FrontierMonograph [thesis] produced for School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Defenceofthe realmArchive.blogspot.com<br>org*[httphttps://www.globalsecurityarchive.org/militarydetails/world/war/northwestDTIC_ADA437314 ''British Governance of the North-frontier-expeditions-intro.htm Northwest West Frontier Expeditions - 1849-1902(1919 to 1947): A Blueprint for Contemporary Afghanistan?''] Globalsecurityby Major Andrew M.org<br>*[http://wwwRoe British Army, 17 June 2005. A thesis as part of the requirements for a degree of Master Of Military Art And Science, US Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.victorianmilitarysociety Archive.org.uk*[https:/index/archive.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36org/details/DTIC_ADA523451 ''Ever present danger:why-was-a concise history of British military operations on the-north-west-frontier, 1849-of-india-the-scene-of-so-much-conflict-in-the-period-1849-1901&catid=101947''] by Matt M Matthews. Occasional Paper 33, June 2010. Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Archive.org.*[http:articles&Itemid=9 "Why was //etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/7681 ''Inter-war, inter-service friction on the North-West frontier of India and its impact on the scene development and application of so much conflict in the period 1849-1901?"RAF doctrine''] by R.AAndrew John Charles Walters 2018. Johnson from ''Soldiers University of the Queen issue 97'', Victorian Military Society<br>Birmingham. Ph.D. Air power’s potential was never fully exploited.*:[httphttps://www.globalsecurityraf.mod.orguk/militarywhat-we-do/world/war/pathancentre-for-revoltair-1897.htm Pathan Revolt – 1897] Globalsecurity.org<br>*"The 1897 Revolt and Tirah Valley Operations from the Pashtun Perspective" -space-power-studies/documents1/vol-21-no-1-raf100-special-edition/ “RAF Inter-War Operations on the North-West Frontier”] by Robert A Johnson November 2009 Tribal Analysis Center [http:Wing Commander Dr Andrew Walters page 110 (digital page 112) ''Air Power Review'' Volume 21, No.1 Spring 2018. raf.mod.uk*[http://docswww.googlekaiserscross.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:eTsYkNo6Zm0J:www304501/home.tribalanalysiscenterhtml Harry’s Sideshows] by Harry Fecitt (kaiserscross.com) detail many NWF campaigns.*[https://PDF-TAC/The%25201897%2520Revolt%2520and%2520Tirah%2520Valley%2520Operationsdocs.google.pdf+Pathan+Revolt+1897&hlcom/viewer?url=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESh0X6yVOz6rEmI_wNzPJVJFqfFnINRkkH5l729HRDFWyIYOJvHVMaAFu06YmE2KEiGVQlt2c3Y2orIj7a20PEM3ih9HzDkY5Z3zT0zyXOhwXM77ILz7wJfxTfzOP-zDYRjye-oj&sig=AHIEtbQvzeiS7U1vsdwKrOo9gRhjIKnVgw html version] [http:https://wwwmecon.nomadit.tribalanalysiscenterco.comuk/PDF-TACpub/Theconference_epaper_download.php5?PaperID%2018973D18627%20Revolt26MIMEType%20and%20Tirah%20Valley%20Operations.3Dapplication/pdf Original pdf]<br>*[http "Tribal Belt and the Defence of British India://www.kaiserscross.com/304501/420601.html Operations A Critical Appraisal of British Strategy in Mekran: Baluchistan 1898the North-1902West Frontier during the First World War"] from [(html version) by Dr. Salman Bangash, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. A paper presented at the 23rd European Conference on South Asian Studies, University of Zurich (Switzerland) 
23 to 26 July 2014. Alternatively, scroll down for a [http://www.kaiserscrossnomadit.comco.uk/easas/304501ecsas2014/homepanels.html Harry’s Sideshowsphp5?PanelID=2433 pdf download] by Harry Fecitt (kaiserscrossof the paper.com)*[httphttps://mecon.nomadit.co.uk/pub/conference_epaper_download.php5?PaperID=18627&MIMEType=application/pdf Direct pdf download]*[http://peek-01.livejournal.com/23643.html The Life and Death of Lieutenant Neville Rudd Thompson ] of the 21st (Empress of India’s) Lancers] , by Ross Dix-Peek. Lieutenant Thompson and the 21st Lancers, and their part in the Battle at Shabkadar on the 5 September 1915 on the North West Frontier.*[http://gillww1www.wordpresskingscollections.comorg/2012servingsoldier/09collection/01/gtgwar-onin-the-northswitzerland-of-westasia-frontierswat-1915 Capt George Theodore Gill and valley War in the 2/6th Gurkha Rifles on the North West Frontier 1915Switzerland of Asia: Swat Valley] . Online papers from David Gill’s gillww1*[http://wwwpart of the collection of General Sir Frederick Campbell charting two key campaigns in Swat 1915.kingscollectionsKing’s College London Collections: The Serving Soldier.org/servingsoldier*''Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 48'' 2010. [http:/collection/war-in-the-switzerland-ofdocs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rafmuseum.org.uk%2Fdocuments%2FResearch%2FRAF-asiaHistorical-swatSociety-valley War in the Switzerland of AsiaJournals/Journal_48_Seminar_the_ME_Mespot_Iraq_NW_Frontier_4_FTS.pdf html version], [http: Swat Valley]//www.rafmuseum.org. Online papers from part of the collection of General Sir Frederick Campbell charting two key campaigns in Swat 1915uk/documents/Research/RAF-Historical-Society-Journals/Journal_48_Seminar_the_ME_Mespot_Iraq_NW_Frontier_4_FTS.pdf pdf] rafmuseum. King’s College London Collections: The Serving Soldierorg.uk.<br>*[http://www.25thlondonraf.mod.comuk/waziristan.htm Waziristan Campaign 1917] from [http:rafcms/mediafiles/wwwF1840A3A_5056_A318_A802860440CD93A9.25thlondonpdf raf.com/indexmod.htm 25th County uk version]. Includes "Substitution or Subordination? The Employment of London Cyclist Battalion: Air Power over Afghanistan and The London Regiment]North-West Frontier, 1910-1939" by Clive Richards pages 63-87. *[http://warandgamehansard.millbanksystems.com/2008lords/021921/04may/colonial31/defence-controlof-onnorth-awest-shoestringfrontier House of Lords Debate 31 May 1921: Defence of North-West Frontier] An overview of the-raf-experience/ Colonial Control On A Shoestring — The RAF Experience] by Maj Michael Jthen current situation. hansard.millbanksystems. Petersen includes a section "The Third Afghan War and the Northwest Frontier, 1919-1920"com

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170809020344/http://www.airpowerstudies.co.uk/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/apr14no3.pdf "“Good God, Sir, Are You Hurt?” The Realities and Perils of Operating over India’s Troublesome North-West Frontier" ] by Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Roe ''Air Power Review Volume 14 Number 3 Autumn/Winter 2011'' Centre for Air Power Studies, Royal Air Force, pages 61-82 (computer file pages 72-93) [http://www.airpowerstudies.co.uk/0221_11AJ%20Air%20Power%20Review_Vol%2014%20No3_Aut-Winter%20Edtn_COMPLE.pdf pdf], [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:H5O1ZoXuSAoJ:www.airpowerstudiesarchived.co.uk/0221_11AJ%2520Air%2520Power%2520Review_Vol%252014%2520No3_Aut-Winter%2520Edtn_COMPLE.pdf+%22John+Masters%22+North+West+Frontier&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg2GF0zqkM1rw6lEYozZ2XDeltW8xvnVqB33qwizSTux_fpA5f50S51Hmn3NzSQjytRsj1yhaupuz28Z4WP_uTWDdGWM7ujqaj_oH8vkIODDpTB1G5Sap6OaDPbw3KNG98LSAAk&sig=AHIEtbR4PeT9ejNWcOxDSKYg2r2J8D6oTA html version]*[httphttps://enweb.wikipediaarchive.org/wikiweb/20140508060510/Pink's_War Pink’s War] 1925 Wikipedia<br>*[http://www.academiabcmh.eduorg.uk/236060archive/Credit_for_COIN_the_Army_in_India_and_the_development_of_internal_security_doctrineconferences/2012AirGroundConingham._Paper_given_at_the_Imperial_War_Museum_with_KCL_June_2009 pdf "Credit for COIN <nowiki>[<Air/nowiki>Counter-Insurgency<nowiki>]</nowiki>: Ground Cooperation between the Army in India RAF and the development of internal security doctrine"] by Robert Johnson, Oxford. Paper given at the Imperial War Museum with KCL [King’s College, London], June 2009. Also titled "The Indian Army in India and Responses to Low Intensity Conflict, Waziristan 1936-19461937" by Robert Johnson*[http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/north-west-frontier-1908-new-detailed-book Details] of the book ''North West Frontier 1908:The Zakka Khel and Mohmand Campaigns'' by Peter Duckers Simon Coningham, published by Spink ( Medal Dealers) 2006. Contains detailed listings of Honours and Awards to both British and Indian unitsCommission for Military History, detailed Casualty lists etc. Available through some Medal dealersSummer Conference 2012–Indian Armies, eg Dixons Medalsnow archived.<br>*[http://www.savannahpublicationslookandlearn.com/info.phpblog/?itemidp=153 Savannah Publications] have published ''Taming the Tiger: The Story of the India General Service Medal 1908–1935'' by Richard G.M.L. Stiles. Includes Medal Rolls and Rolls of Honour. This edition is either a reprint or more likely a revised, possibly expanded edition of a book printed in 1992.*3641 The kidnapping of Mollie Ellis ] from [[Kohat]] cantonment by Afridi tribesmen from the Khyber Pass region 14 April 1923 and the rescue expedition which included Mrs Lilian Starr matron at the [[Peshawar]] Mission Hospital: Article by Michael E Lambert, from his website [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:sDCmhtmrVkIJ:michaelelambert.com/main/pdf/The_Kidnapping_of_Mollie_Ellis_by_Afridi_Tribesmem-Michael_E_Lambert%2520_C_.pdf+Kidnap+%22Mollie+Ellis%22&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au html version], [http://michaelelambert.com/main/pdf/The_Kidnapping_of_Mollie_Ellis_by_Afridi_Tribesmem-Michael_E_Lambert%20_C_.pdf original pdf]; [http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/?p=3641 Article from Lookand learn.com], [http://www.flickr.com/photos/13305961@N00/4946412546/ Photographs] from the Illustrated London News (26 May 1923 pages 894-895 ) on Flickr.com. An account of her rescue mission ''Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet'' by Lilian A Starr, was published 1924 , which is available at the [[British Library]]. Also available to read online, refer [[North West Frontier Campaigns#historical books online|below]].*[http://exhibitsnews.bbc.libraryco.dukeuk/today/hi/today/newsid_7713000/7713192.edustm "Waziristan's last soldier"] by Zubeida Malik BBC 8 November 2008 with a [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/exhibitspop_ups/show08/holmes Randolph Bezzant Holmes Photographsprogrammes_waziristan/html/1.stm slideshow of photographs]. Frank Leeson spent two years commanding 1, 1910000 Khassadars-1919. Northern India Waziri soldiers- between 1946 and 1948, the last surviving British officer to have served in NorthWaziristan.*[http://www.britishbattles.com/north-west-frontier-india/waziristan.htm Waziristan 1894] britishbattles.com ===Photographs===*[http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205194795 Photograph of camels carrying wounded men to safety on the North West Frontier Provinceof India 1917] Duke University LibrariesImperial War Museum

*[http://wwwexhibits.iwmlibrary.orgduke.ukedu/collectionsexhibits/itemshow/object/205194795 Photograph of camels carrying wounded men to safety on holmes Randolph Bezzant Holmes Photographs, 1910-1919. Northern India and the North -West Frontier of India 1917Province] Imperial War MuseumDuke University Libraries

==== Historical books online ===*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=b-YwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 ''Report Showing the Relations of the British Government with the Tribes, Independent and Dependent, on the North-West Frontier of the Punjab, from Annexation in 1849 to the Close of 1855''] In the series ''Selections from the Records of the Government of India (Foreign Department) No XII'', published 1856. Google Books*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=6cBXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP1 ''Mountain Warfare: an essay on the conduct of Military Operations in Mountainous Countries''] by Lieut. Charles Metcalfe MacGregor 2nd edition 1866 Google Books.*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xwui4Zn9z1oC&pg=PA217 "The North-West Frontier of India"] by George Campbell, Bengal Civil Service, page 217 ''Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Volume XIII'' 1870 Google Books.*[https://archive.org/details/myserviceinindi00vauggoog ''My service in the Indian Army – and after''] by General Sir John Luther Vaughan 1904 Archive.org. In 1850 he was appointed to the [[2nd Regiment of Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force| 2nd Punjab Infantry]], Punjab Frontier Force He was subsequently appointed to the command of the [[5th Regiment of Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force |5th Punjab Infantry]]. He had to retire c 1870 as there was no position for him. At the start of the [[2nd Afghan War]] he became special military correspondent for the war for ''The Times''

*[http://www.archive.org/details/pathanrevoltinno00millrich ''The Pathan Revolt in North-West India''] by H. Woosnam Mills 1897 Archive.org<br>*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/26889/page/4989 "Field Operations - Tochi"]. ''The London Gazette'' September 7, 1897*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/26928/page/147 "Despatches: The operations of the Malakand and Mohmand Field Forces"] ''The London Gazette'' January 11, 1898.*''Military Operations on the North-West Frontiers of India. Papers regarding British relations with the neighboring tribes on the north-west frontier of India, and the military operations undertaken against them during the year 1897-1898''. HMSO 1898. [http://wwwhdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000076269?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 Volume I] HathiTrust Digital Library. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279045 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.[https://archive.org/streamdetails/in.ernet.dli.2015.279046 Volume II Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.*[https:/risingsonnorthw00piongoog#page/n6archive.org/modedetails/1up risingsonnorthwe00alla ''The Risings on the North-west Frontier being a complete narrative, with specially prepared maps of the various risings of the frontier tribes in the Tochi Valley, the Swat Valley, the country of the Mohmands and Mamunds, and the country of the Afridis and Orakzai... from the middle of June, 1897 to the end of January, 1898''] Special War Correspondence of the "Pioneer" 1898 (archive.org)<br>**with a [https://archive.org/stream/risingsonnorthwe00alla#page/n11/mode/1up Map of the Area of Disturbance] and a [https://archive.org/stream/risingsonnorthwe00alla#page/n127/mode/1up Sketch map: Afridi and Orakzai country]*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015017670491?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 ''Tirah, 1897''] by Colonel C E Callwell 1911 HathiTrust Digital Library. A book in the series ''Campaigns and their Lessons''. Also available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284632/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org].*[https://archive.org/details/indianfrontierw03youngoog/page/n6 ''Indian Frontier Warfare''] by Captain and Brevet- Major G J Younghusband, Assistant-Quartermaster-General 1898 Archive.org. The Third Volume of ''The Wolseley Series''. *[https://archive.org/details/frontiercampaign00dunmrich ''A Frontier Campaign; a Narrative of the Operations of the Malakand and Buner Field Forces, 1897-1898''] by the Viscount Fincastle, Lieutenant, 16th (Queen’s) Lancers and PC Eliott- Lockhart, Lieutenant “Queen’s Own” Corps of Guides. 2nd Edition 1898 Archive.org *[http://www.archive.org/stream/adictionarypath00unkngoog#page/n6/mode/2up ''A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes on the North-west West Frontier of India''] Asstistant Assistant QMG Intelligence Branch 1899 (Archive.org:[https://archive.org)<br>/details/ADictionaryOfThePathanTribesCORRECT 1910 edition] Archive.org

*[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/38209 ''Wars and Military Operations on or beyond the borders of British India''] in which the Government of India have been engaged since the year 1849. Presented to Parliament. Her Majesty's Stationery Office [HMSO], London 1900. This document is a listing of the operations, with only minimal details. Pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India].*[http://archive.org/stream/frontierwarfare00offigoog#page/n4/mode/2up ''Frontier Warfare 1901''] Official publication Simla. "Notes... written for the assistance of commanders when operating in broken and mountainous ground and are based on the experience gained in late frontier campaigns". Archive.org*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b5121073?urlappend=%3Bseq=4 ''Small Wars. Their Principles and Practice''] by Colonel C. [Charles] E. [Edward] Callwell. General Staff - War Office. Third Edition, revised 1906. His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. (First edition 1896) ”It is recommended to officers as a valuable contribution on the subject of the conduct of small wars.” HathiTrust Digital Library. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201641 Archive.org]. [http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/s/small-wars-their-principles-and-practice.html A transcribed version] Naval History and Heritage Command, an official U.S. Navy web site. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Small_Wars-_Their_principles_and_practice_%28C._E._Callwell%29.pdf Wikimedia.org pdf]. All 1906 editions.**[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b5121073?urlappend=%3Bseq=487 Sangars] page 469.*[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/38213 ''East India (North-West Frontier). Mahsud-Waziri Operations''] 1902 His Majesty's Stationery Office, London . A report to Parliament, covering correspondence 1899-1902. Pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India]. Also available [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000076277?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 HathiTrust Digital Library], where the pages may be rotated if required. The military operations took place 24th to 28th November, 1901, as detailed from [https://archive.org/details/mahsud-waziri-operations/page/257/mode/2up page 257]. Archive.org (mirror version of HathiTrust file)*[https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.05452/page/n5/mode/2up ''The Punjab in Peace and War''] by S S Thorburn, Indian Civil Service (Retired) 1904. Archive.org, Public Library of India collection.*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28168/supplement/6053 "Despatch on the recent operations on the Mohmand border, in the Khyber, and the country of the Mohmands"] ''London Gazette Supplement'' August 14, 1908.*[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas01indi#page/n11/mode/2up ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India: Volume 1 Tribes north of the Kabul River''] by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1907 Archive.org. There is a supplement with full title ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India Volume 1, supplement A: Operations against the Mohmands (including operations in the Khaiber, 1st-7th May'') which is available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website, under the title . The supplement ''Operations against the Mohmands''. Unfortunately the file is somewhat unsatisfactory. There is no Contents page and many pages are duplicated. For Chapter 2, go to computer page 21, and for Chapter 3, cp 29. At least the following pages appear to be missing in addition available to the Contents: (actual) p 34-35 and Appendix page i. This book is available at the [[British Library]] and through Amazon.co.uk from the [http://astorepahar.amazon.co.ukin/faminbriindsowpfb-21file/detail1908-operations-against-the-mohmands-vol-1-supplement-a-s-pdf/1845743121 FIBIS Shopdownload as a pdf] from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]] as . If the catalogue entry does not have a reprintdownload, look under 'Books'. Also available [httphttps://wwwarchive.amazonorg/details/dli.copahar.uk1814/Frontier-Overseas-Expeditions-India-I-Supplementmode/dp/1845743121/ref=cm_cr_pr_product_top#reader_1845743121 Look Inside the Book2up Archive.org mirror version](amazon.co.uk) Includes Contents pages.<br> *''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India Volume 2. North-West Frontier Tribes between the Kabul and Gumal Rivers'' by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1908 is available partially online to page 97 on [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1908-north-west-frontier-tribes-between-the -kabul-and-gumal-rivers-by-intelligence-branch-s-pdf/ download as a pdf] from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Library Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of India| Central Asia Digital Library of IndiaDataset]] website. It is catalogued without volume number simply as If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India'' 1908 and has barcode 99999990229429. It is also Also available as [httphttps://booksarchive.org/details/dli.googlepahar.com1812/books?id=YPALAAAAIAAJ Snippet view Google Booksmode/2up Archive.org mirror version] which viewers in some countries may be able to access as full view. It There is available at the [[British Library]] a supplement ''Frontier and through Amazon.co.uk Overseas Expeditions from India Volume 2 Supplement A, Operations against the Zakka Khel Afridis'' Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1908 available as a [http://astorepahar.amazon.co.ukin/faminbriindsowpfb-21file/detail1908-operations-against-the-zakka-khel-afridis-vol-2-supplement-a-s-pdf/1845743067 FIBIS Shoppdf download] as a reprint , Pahar-Mountains of 461 pages. There is Central Asia Digital Dataset, (if the catalogue entry does not have a supplement download, look under 'Books'), with [httphttps://ia600404archive.org/details/dli.uspahar.archive1815 Archive.orgmirror version]. *[https://load_djvu_appletarchive.php?file=11/itemsorg/FrontierAndOverseasExpeditionsFromIndiaVolIIdetails/FrontierAndOverseasExpeditionsFromIndiaVolII.djvu frontieroverseas03indi ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India : Volume 2 Supplement A 3 Baluchistan,Operations against and the Zakka Khel AfridisFirst Afghan War''] . Compiled in the Intelligence Branch , Army Headquarters India 1908 . 1910 Archive.org*[http://archive. (Requires a [[Online booksorg/stream/someprinciplesof00bird#page/n1/mode/2up ''Some Principles of Frontier Mountain Warfare''] by Brevet-Major W. D. Bird 1909 Archive.org|Djvu plug *[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.72779 ''Frontier Warfare. A series of Ten Lectures'']by “Frontier”. Published Bombay. Archive.org. Also available at [https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno/163/ Digital Commons @UNO](University of Nebraska Omaha)<br>, where the publication date is given as 1910.*[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.92297/page/n3/mode/2up ''Handbooks for the Indian Army: Pathans''] by Major R. T. I. Ridgway, 40th Pathans. 1910. Archive.org, mirror from Granth Sanjeevani Asiatic Society of Mumbai.*[https://archive.org/details/b2135957x ''Prevention of Disease and Inefficiency, with special reference to Indian Frontier Warfare''] by Lieut.-Col. Patrick Hehir IMS, Officiating Principal Medical Officer, Burma Division. 2nd Edition - Illustrated and Revised.1911 Archive.org*[http://www.archive.org/stream/campaignsonnorth00nevi#page/n5/mode/2up ''Campaigns on the North-West Frontier''] by Capt H.L.Nevill DSO 1912 (archiveArchive.org)<br>*[http://www.archive.org/stream/fromblackmountai00wyll#page/n5/mode/2up ''From the Black Mountain to Waziristan being an account of the border countries and the more turbulent of the tribes controlled by the North-west frontier province, and of our military relations with them in the past''] by H. C. Wylly 1912 Archive.org<br>*''The Problem Of The North-West Frontier 1890-1908'' by Collin C Davies 1932 is available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.81840 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. It is also available to read online on [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1932-the-problem-of-the -north-west-frontier-1890-1908-by-davies-s-pdf/ download as a pdf] from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Library Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of India| Central Asia Digital Library of IndiaDataset]] website. Alternatively, it may be downloaded as (if the catalogue entry does not have a pdf from download, look under 'Books'). [httphttps://oudlarchive.osmaniaorg/details/dli.acpahar.2516 Archive.in/handle/OUDL/1934 OUDLorg mirror version] Osmania University Digital Library. (Note the latter website is sometimes unavailable and may be closed for maintenance for extended periods. Try again at a later time)<br>*[httphttps://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924024153797#page/n5/modedetails/2up pathanborderland00enririch ''The Pathan borderland: a consecutive account of the country and people on and beyond the Indian frontier from Chitral to Dera Ismail Khan''] by C.M. Enriquez 1910 Archive.org. With [https://archive.org/stream/pathanborderland00enririch#page/n11/mode/1up Map [top half only<nowiki>]</nowiki>]. [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924024153797#page/n5/mode/2up 2nd edition 1921 (First published 1909) ] Archive.org

*[httphttps://www.greatwardifferentthegazette.co.comuk/London/issue/Great_War29514/Brits_in_Caucasussupplement/India_01.htm 3037 "The Defence of IndiaOperations in the Tochi Valley 7th January (Spina Khaisora) and 26 March 1915 (Miramshah)"] by F. A. McKenzie, from ''The Great War: the standard history of the all-Europe conflict'London Gazette Supplement''(17 March 1916), edited by HSupplement 20 March 1916.W Supplement: 29514 Page: 3037. Wilson, volume 7, chapter 128. (13 volumes in the series) Reprinted in 1999 as ''Volume 4: Carnage'' (6 volumes in the series) [http:*[http://www.amazonarchive.comorg/dpstream/1582790280undertenviceroys00woodiala#page/ref=rdr_ext_tmb#reader_1582790280 Look inside 216/mode/2up "Punishing the book]. The North West Frontier during World War 1. greatwardifferent.com*Bunerwals" <nowiki>[http:<//www.archive.org/stream/undertenviceroys00woodiala#page/216/mode/2up "Punishing the Bunerwals" <nowiki>[</nowiki>nowiki>1915<nowiki>]</nowiki>] , page 217 ''Under ten viceroys the reminiscences of a Gurkha'' by Major-General Nigel Woodyatt 1922 Archive.org*. Includes the actions at Rustam, and rather briefly Shabdakr in 1915. Also see ''London Gazette'' of despatches to 9th March 1916 below, which includes brief details of the 1915 campaigns.:[httphttps://wwwweb.archive.org/streamweb/operationsinwa00indi#page20120202183711/n5http:/mode/2up www.greatwardifferent.com/Great_War/Brits_in_Caucasus/India_01.htm 'The Defence of India'Operations in Waziristanby F. A. McKenzie], 1919-1920from ''] Compiled by the General Staff Army Headquarters, India 1921 Archive.org<br>*''Waziristan 1919-1920The Great War'' edited by H De Watteville 1925 (one of eight in .W. Wilson, volume 7, chapter 128. greatwardifferent.com, now an archived website. Scroll down to the section about the series ''Campaigns and Their LessonsNorth West Frontier including Shabkadar.:''Report from Major General F. Campbell, C.B., D.S.O., General Officer Commanding, 1st (Peshawar) is available to read online Division on the Operations on the [[Online books#Digital Library Swat, Buner and Mohmand Borders, 19th June – 25th October, 1915''. See the partial transcription of India| Digital Library of India] WO 106/732, The National Archives [UK] websitebelow<brref name=Gill>*''Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet'' by Lilian A Starr, published 1924 is available to read online on [https://web.archive.org/web/20180703035304/https://gillww1.wordpress.com/tag/operations-against-the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India-mohmands-bunerwals-and-swatis/ GTG on the North West Frontier 1915][Capt GT Gill, 2/6 Gurkha Rifles] websiteScroll down for the partial transcription of TNA WO 106/732. Includes general comments about the Pathansgillww1.wordpress.com</ref>, based on the author's experience in the Mission Hospital at Peshawar. *part of 1915 reports TNA [http://archivediscovery.nationalarchives.gov.orguk/browse/streamr/indiain19301931032269mbph/C4415416 WO 106/732-740].*[https://archive.org/stream/warinairbeingsto06rale#page/n39268/mode/2up "The North West FrontierWar Operations In India"]page 268, page 9 ''India War in 1930-1931the Air: being the story of the part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force, Volume VI'' by H A statement prepared for presentation to ParliamentJones 1937 Archive.org. Government Of India Central Publication Branch 1932*Part of the series '''Passing It On: Short Talks History of the Great War based on Tribal fighting on the North-West Frontier of IndiaOfficial Documents'' by General Sir Andrew Skeen , 3rd edition 1934 (originally published 1932) is available to read online on the [[Online books.*[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.83778/2015.83778.The-Indian-Year-Book-1918#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.<br>*[http:page/n198/mode/www1up "The Frontier and the War"] page 154 ''The Indian Year Book 1918'', (which appears to have been published at the beginning of the year).archiveThe report covers the period 1914-1917. Archive.org*[https:/stream/waziristan193619031345mbp#pagewww.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/n730629/modesupplement/2up 4501 "Despatches on the operations against the Mahsuds, March-August, 1917"] ''London Gazette''Waziristan 1936- 1937: The problems Supplement 12 April 1918*Despatches on military operations in the Indian Empire since the outbreak of the [[First World War]]. Includes the North-West Frontiers of India and their SolutionsFrontier ''London Gazette Supplement''] by Lieut Colonel Cs. E. Bruce 1938 Archive**[https://www.orgthegazette. Missing the "Bibliography" at the end of the book, page 80 onwardsco.<br>*uk/London/issue/29652/supplement/6695 To 9th March 1916] ''Bugles and a TigerLGS'' by John Masters is available to read online 4 July 1916. Includes details of operations on the [[Online books#Digital Library Swat, Buner and Mohmand Borders, based on reports by Major General F. Campbell, one of India| Digital Library of India]] website. The original edition which is transcribed<ref name=Gill />; [httphttps://archivewww.thegazette.co.orguk/London/issue/30360/detailssupplement/buglesandtigervo00mast 11269 To 31st March 1917] ''LGS''Bugles and a Tiger31 October 1917; a Volume of Autobiography[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31235/supplement/3585 To 31st May 1918] ''LGS''] published in 1956 is available to read online through the Internet Archive (Archive17 March 1919; [https://www.org) Lending Librarythegazette. The main restriction is that only one person can see a particular book at one time (so the book may be ‘checked out’)co. For more details see [uk/London/issue/32007/supplement/8157 To 30 April 1919] ''LGS'' 5 August 1920*See [Online books#Archive.org|Online books-Archive.org[3rd Afghan War]]6 May – 8 August 1919.*[http:''Unofficial History'' by Field Marshal Sir William Slim 1962, first published 1959. Archive.org Lending Library.:[https://www.archive.org/streamdetails/IndianMountainArtilleryunofficialhistor00slim/mountainartillery#page/n3/mode/2up ''The History of 75 "Aid to the Civil"] page 75. “This narrative…is a composite one, made up from the events on three occasions on which the military aided the Indian Mountain Artillery''] by Brigadier-General C A L Graham 1957 Archivecivil power” (footnote, page 75). Probably c 1919.orgHe was based at Gurampur Fort which is probably a fictional name. This book is also available to read online on the :[[Online books#Digital Library of India|Digital Library of Indiahttps://archive.org/details/unofficialhistor00slim/page/101 "Student’s Interlude"]] websitepage 101 . On operations Autumn 1920. "A Brigade Column, where operating from Thal in the print quality Kurram … took punative action against the village of Panch Pir in Waziristan". (Not known whether this is betterthe actual, or a fictional name). == Recommended Reading ==''Campaigns *[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32156/page/12129 "A report on the North-West Frontier by Capt H.L.Nevill DSOoperations in Waziristan during the period 3rd November 1919 to 7th May 1920".] '' 1916 <br>Reprinted by The Naval & Military Press Ltd 2005 <br>ISBN 1-845741-87-0<br>London Gazette''Imperial Frontier8 December 1920.*[http: Tribe & State //www.archive.org/stream/operationsinwa00indi#page/n5/mode/2up ''Operations in Waziristan by Dr Hugh Beattie, 1919-1920 (Confidential)''] Compiled by the General Staff Army Headquarters, India 1921 Archive.org<br>Routledge 2001<br>ISBN 0700713093and ISBN 978*''Waziristan 1919-07007130971920'' by H De Watteville 1925 (one of eight in the series ''Campaigns and Their Lessons'') is available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54945 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012679548#page/n291/mode/2up "N.W. Frontier 1919-1920"] page 273 ''The Post Office of India in the Great War'' edited by H.A. Sams Published 1922 Archive.org*[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/29472''Indian Frontier Organisation''] published by the ''Pioneer'' 1920. Pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India].*[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.449186 ''Official History of Operations on the N.-W. Frontier of India, 1920-35. Parts I, II, III''] [by General Staff Army Headquarters, India]. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi 1945. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.**[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.449186/page/69/mode/2up Page 71] "Part II The Afridi and Red Shirt Rebellion, 1930-31; The Mohmand and Bajaur Operations, 1933".**[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.449186/page/n197/mode/2up Page 160] "Part III The Loe Agra Campaign - 1935; The Mohmand Campaign - 1935". :Also available in a reprint edition<ref>[https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/official-history-of-operations-on-the-north-west-frontier-of-india-1920-1935/ ''Official History Of Operations On The North-West Frontier Of India 1920-1935''] Naval & Military Press</ref> which in turn is available as part of an online book on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3.<ref name=NWF>[https://www.fold3.com/browse/251/hTGb85NZ8EamDdOvs1LINNg2y ''Official History of Operations on the NW Frontier of India''] fold3 (located in World War2/Military books/India). Consists of 2 books.</ref>*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32773/supplement/8599 "A report on the operations of the Waziristan Force for the period 1st April to 31st December, 1921"] ''London Gazette Supplement'' 1 December 1922.*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32913/supplement/1807 "A report on the operations in Waziristan for the period 1st January, 1922 to the 20th April, 1923"] ''London Gazette Supplement'' 27 February 1924*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32993/supplement/8319 "Final despatch on the operations of Waziristan Force covering the period 21st April, 1923, to 31st March, 1924"] ''London Gazette Supplement'' 18 November 1924*''Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet'' by Lilian A Starr, published 1924 is available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100747 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. Includes general comments about the Pathans, based on the author's experience in the Mission Hospital at Peshawar. Also available on the [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b258987?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 Hathi Trust Digital Library], and as [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1923-tales-of-tirah-and-lesser-tibet-by-starr-s-pdf/ pdf download], from Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset, (if the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2223 Archive.org Pahar mirror version]. *[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/33104/supplement/7595 "An account of the recent operations by the Royal Air Force against certain recalcitrant sections of the Mahsuds in March, April and May, 1925"]. ''London Gazette Supplement'' 20 November 1925.*''Letters of a Once Punjab Frontier Force Officer to his Nephew Giving his Ideas on Fighting on the North West Frontier and in Afghanistan'' by Colonel J P Villiers-Stuart (John Patrick), late Coke’s Rifles PFF. 1925. [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6123/mode/2up Archive.org version]; [https://www.indianculture.gov.in/letters-once-punjab-frontier-force-officer-his-nephew-giving-his-ideas-fighting-north-west-frontier indianculture.gov.in version] Read online; download [http://cslrepository.nvli.in//handle/123456789/6123 Central Secretariat Library (CSL)] Digital Repository version; [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1925-letters-of-a-once-punjab-frontier-force-officer-by-villiers-stuart-s-pdf/ Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset version]. (If the catalogue entry does not display a download, look under 'Books/Indian Subcontinent). *[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.52854 ''The Romance Of The Indian Frontiers''] by Lt-Gen Sir George MacMunn, Colonel-Commandant Royal Artillery 1931 Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection.:''Turmoil and Tragedy in India, 1914 and After'' by Lieut.-General Sir George MacMunn 1935. It is catalogued as ''Turmoil The Tragedy In India 1914''. It is available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177667 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.*[http://archive.org/stream/indiain19301931032269mbp#page/n39/mode/2up "The North West Frontier"], page 9 ''India in 1930-1931'' A statement prepared for presentation to Parliament. Government of India Central Publication Branch 1932. Archive.org.*''Passing It On: Short Talks on Tribal fighting on the North-West Frontier of India'' by General Sir Andrew Skeen , 3rd edition 1934 (originally published 1932) is available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275472 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. A 2010 reprint edition with annotations titled ''Passing It On: Fighting the Pushtun on Afghanistan's Frontier'' was published by the Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworh Kansas. [https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA549121/mode/2up Archive.org version], [http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/Skeen.pdf pdf] fmso.leavenworth. Note: some of the text may not have been included, at least one probable whole page has been noted.*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1960-hired-to-kill-some-chapters-of-autobiography-by-morris-s-pdf/ ''Hired to Kill: Some Chapters of Autobiography''] by Charles John Morris 1960. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset, (if the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3164 Archive.org mirror version]. John Morris was an officer with the [[3rd Gurkha Rifles]] from 1918 until 1934 in Palestine, Afghanistan (the [[3rd Afghan War|Third Afghan War]] in 1919), Waziristan and the North West Frontier of India.*[http://www.jstor.org/stable/41355210 "Roads And Motor Transport In India"] by Brigadier-General Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, Adviser on Mechanical Transport Services in India, 1915-19. ''Journal of the Royal Society of Arts'' Vol. 68, No. 3529 (July 9, 1920), pp. 541-552 jstor.org. Available to read for free on JSTOR, but first you must register, see [[Miscellaneous tips#Access some articles in the JSTOR subscription website for free|Miscellaneous tips]]. Includes roads in the frontier region, and their military importance.*The Loe Agra and Mohmand Campaigns of 1935 are briefly mentioned in two chapters in ''India in 1934-35'', from [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.210573/page/n103/mode/2up page 86] and [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.210573/page/n127/mode/2up page 109] Archive.org. Also see ''Official History of Operations'', above, and [[Mohmand Campaign 1935]].*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280060/page/n113/mode/2up/ "The Changing Nature of Operations on the North-West Frontier"] by "Shpagwishtama" page 102 ''USI [United Service Institution of India] Journal'' Vol LXVI 1936. Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.4031/page/n73/mode/2up/ "Defence in the North-West Frontier Province"] by General Sir Kenneth Wigram Page 73 ''Journal Of The Royal Central Asian Society'' - Vol. 24, Pt. 1 1937. A lecture given on November 18, 1936. Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.449185 ''Official History of Operations on the N.W. Frontier of India, 1936-37''] [by General Staff Army Headquarters, India] Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi. 1943. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India. :Also available in a reprint edition<ref>[https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/official-history-of-operations-on-the-north-west-frontier-of-india-1936-1937/ ''Official History Of Operations On The North-West Frontier Of India 1936-1937''] Naval & Military Press</ref> which in turn is available as part of an online book on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3.<ref name=NWF/>*Also see [[Operations in Waziristan]]. * ''Waziristan 1936- 1937: The problems of the North-West Frontiers of India and their Solutions'' by Lieut Colonel C. E. Bruce 1938 is available as a download from [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1938-waziristan-1936-1937-problems-of-north-west-frontiers-of-india-and-solutions-by-bruce-s-pdf/ Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset] which contains a [short] bibliography, also two maps. If the download button does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent/1938. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2719/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version]. Some other versions on Archive.org are missing a few pages.*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34449/supplement/6811 "Report on Operations in Waziristan, 25th November 1936 to 16th January 1937 (1st Phase)"] ''London Gazette Supplement'' 2 November 1937*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34484/supplement/1057 "Report on Operations In Waziristan, 16th January 1937 to 15th September 1937 (Second Phase)"] ''London Gazette Supplement'' 18 February 1938*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34520/supplement/3819 "Report on Operations in Waziristan, 16th September 1937 to 15th December 1937 (Final Phase)"] ''London Gazette Supplement'' 14 June 1938*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34655/supplement/5667 "Report on Operations in Waziristan, 16th December, 1937 to the 31st December, 1938"] ''London Gazette Supplement'' 18 August 1939*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275121 ''Imperial Policing''] by Major-General Sir Charles W Gwynn 1939 Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India. Includes [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275121/page/n263 Chapter 10, "Peshawar District 1930"], page 253 and [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275121/page/n405 Chapter 14, "Waziristan 1937"] page 394. Also available [https://web.archive.org/web/20160610053115/http://lib.uofk.edu/multisites/UofK_lib/images/stories/libpdf/sud.lib.imperial%20policing.pdf Archive.org (pdf)] another digital file, may be slow to open.*''Bugles and a Tiger'' by John Masters [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278629 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India; or [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201985 another Archive.org version] mirror from Digital Library of India, the latter is the 1965 edition. The original edition [http://archive.org/details/buglesandtigervo00mast ''Bugles and a Tiger; a Volume of Autobiography''] published in 1956 is available to read online through the Internet Archive (Archive.org) Lending Library. Also see the page [[John Masters]].:[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.278629/2015.278629.Bugles-And#page/n215/ Pathan social customs] pages 212-213, including the wearing, by men, of roses in their hair.*''India’s North-West Frontier'' by Sir William Barton 1939 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281565 Archive.org mirror version] from Digital Library of India. The author was in the Indian Civil Service and Indian Political Service for 35 years. It is also available to [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1939-indias-north-west-frontier-by-barton-s-pdf/ download as a pdf] from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]], (if the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2737 Archive.org Pahar mirror version]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pell_Barton William Pell Barton] Wikipedia.*[https://www.nzsappers.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Indian-Sappers-and-Miners-1948.pdf ''The Indian Sappers and Miners''] by E. W. C Sandes [Edward Warren Caulfeild] 1948. (726p). nzsappers.org.nz. Covers the period from the pioneers in 1759 to the prelude to the Second World War and includes operations on the North West Frontier at various periods prior to WW2. *Actions in Waziristan continued during WW2, including the Ahmedzai Campaign, which took place from February to May 1940<ref>dryan67 [http://ww2talk.com/index.php?threads/14-12-frontier-force-regiment-and-the-ajmer-regiment.59699/page-2#post-692427 14/12 Frontier Force Regiment and The Ajmer Regiment] post 25, ''WorldWar2Talk Forum'' 11 December 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2020.</ref> elsewhere referred to as the Ahmadzai Salient operations against the Faqir of Ipi.<ref> Catalogue entry [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/7e420dc0-6d0c-4131-ae70-63fa398fe127 8005/151/7 Memoirs of Brigadier William Alston's service in the Indian Army]. National Army Museum, London.</ref> Generally not many WW2 details are known, but see brief extracts from the regimental history ''Unfaded Glory: The 8th Punjab Regiment 1798-1956'' by Major Rifat Nadeem Ahmad & Major General Rafiuddin Ahmed 2006.<ref>RobG64. [http://ww2talk.com/index.php?threads/8th-punjab-regiment-regimental-history.83313/ 8th Punjab Regiment Regimental History] ''WW2Talk Forum'' 19 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Also see various histories of the Frontier Scouts, below. The T R Moreman 1998 book ''The Army in India...'' below, has a chapter from [https://archive.org/details/armyinindiadevel0000more/page/178/mode/2up page 179]. Awards appearing in the ''London Gazette Supplement''s indicate some of the regiments involved. There were also awards to RAF personnel.[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34977/supplement/6175 1939] ''LGS'' 25 October 1940, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35195/supplement/3495 1940] ''LGS'' 20 June 1941, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35825/supplement/5495 1942] ''LGS'' 15 December 1942, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36261/page/5176 1943] ''LGS'' 25 November 1943*[http://www.archive.org/stream/IndianMountainArtillery/mountainartillery#page/n3/mode/2up ''The History of the Indian Mountain Artillery''] by Brigadier-General C A L Graham 1957 Archive.org.*[https://archive.org/details/ThePathansByOlafCaroe ''The Pathans 550 B.C.-A.D. I957''] by Olaf Caroe 1958 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/stream/ThePathansByOlafCaroe/The-Pathans-By-Olaf-Caroe-ISBN10-%200710306822#page/n5/mode/2up Contents]. [https://archive.org/stream/ThePathansByOlafCaroe/The-Pathans-By-Olaf-Caroe-ISBN10-%200710306822#page/n509/mode/2up Index]. Unfortunately missing illustrations and most maps. Also available as additional [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28Pathans%29%20AND%20creator%3A%28Caroe%29 Archive.org Books to Borrow versions]. Also available as a [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1958-the-pathans-550-bc-to-ad-1957-by-caroe-s-pdf/ pdf download], Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3135/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org Pahar mirror version]. The author was Governor of the N-W Frontier Province 1946-1947.*[https://archive.org/details/frontier183919470000elli/page/n5 ''The Frontier 1839-1947: the Story of the North-West Frontier of India''] by Major-General J G Elliott 1968. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.*[https://archive.org/details/khyberbritishind00mill ''Khyber, British India's north west frontier : the story of an imperial migraine''] by Charles Miller 1977. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.*[https://archive.org/details/afghanwarsnorthw0000bart/mode/2up ''Afghan Wars and the North-West Frontier, 1839-1947''] by Michael Barthorp 2002, first published 1982 as ''The North-West Frontier''. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1985-the-frontier-scouts-by-trench-s-pdf/ ''The Frontier Scouts''] by Charles Chenevix Trench 1985. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR - Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). If the download button does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent/1985. Also available [https://archive.org/details/frontierscouts0000chen/mode/2up Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library].: Also see [[:Category:Frontier Scouts]].*[https://archive.org/details/armyinindiadevel0000more/page/n5/mode/2up ''The Army in India and the Development of Frontier Warfare, 1849-1947''] by T R Moreman 1998 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Based on a 1996 PhD Thesis, also available online, see Histories above.*[https://archive.org/details/soldiersahibsmen0000alle/mode/2up ''Soldier Sahibs : the men who made the North-West Frontier''] by Charles Allen 2001, first published 2000. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Covers the period 1839-1857.:[https://archive.org/details/godsterroristswa0000alle/page/n5/mode/2up ''God's Terrorists : the Wahhabi cult and hidden roots of modern Jihad''] by Charles Allen 2006. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1935-brief-gazetteer-of-most-important-and-useful-place-names-in-waziristan-district-s-pdf/ ''Brief Gazetteer of Most Important and Useful Place Names in Waziristan District''] by General Staff, Headquarters, Waziristan District. 1935 is available to download as a pdf from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]]. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2595 Archive.org mirror version]. "Issued separately as Appendix H to the Military Report on Waziristan District, Fifth (1935) Edition".=====Routes=====*''Routes on the North-West Frontier compiled (for political and military reference) under the orders of the Quarter Master General in India, in the Intelligence Branch, in 1887 ; brought up to date in October 1892'' by W.R. Robertson. Confidential.[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1893-routes-on-north-west-frontier-vol-1-by-robertson-confidential-s-pdf Volume I], [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1893-routes-on-north-west-frontier-vol-2-by-robertson-confidential-s-pdf/ Volume 2] Pdf downloads, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books').*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1890-military-routes-to-the-indo-afghan-frontier-by-lessar-secret-s-pdf/ 1890 ''Military Routes to the Indo-Afghan Frontier''] by Lessar (secret)] Notes: At head of title: Secret. "From Russian official "records" of geographical, topographical and statistical materials on Asia. Collected by the Military Scientific Committee of the Headquarters Staff, 1890. Translated for the Intelligence Division of the War Office". HMSO. Author: P. M. Lessar, (Pavel Mikhailovich) Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1202 Archive.org mirror version]. *[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1893-routes-from-russian-territory-toward-afghanistan-and-india-the-pamir-line-of-advance-by-robertson-confidential-s-pdf/ 1893 ''Routes from Russian Territory toward Afghanistan and India - the Pamir line of Advance''] by Robertson (confidential). Full title: ''Routes from Russian Territory in Central Asia towards Afghanistan and India. Section 1, The Pamir line of advance'' compiled in the Intelligence Branch of the Quarter Master General's Department in India by W.R. Robertson. 1893. Contents: pt. 1. Short military report on the Ferghana province, Kashgar, the Pamirs and Upper Oxus Afghan provinces ... - pt. 2. Includes all routes leading from the Chimkend Kuldja postal road to the Hindu Kush between the Dorah and the Karakorum Passes. Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1292/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version]. *[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1912-strategical-epitome-of-routes-on-and-beyond-the-north-west-frontier-of-india-by-general-staff-india-confidential-s-pdf/ ''Strategical Epitome of Routes on and beyond the North-West Frontier of India''] by General Staff India (confidential) 1912 Pdf download, Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1951/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].