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North West Frontier Campaigns

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Histories
===Histories===
*[http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306940 '''Passing it on' : the army in India and the development of frontier warfare 1849-1947''] by Timothy Robert Moreman. 1996 PhD Thesis King’s College London. A book was subsequently published. British Library’s EthOS e-theses online service. [https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/passing-it-on--the-army-in-india-and-the-development-of-frontier-warfare-18491947(f60ece93-45c9-44ab-b3a0-16f1625a1926).html Alternative link to pdf download] King's College, London. A book was subsequently published in 1998, see Historical books online below.:Article: [https://web.archive.org/web/20220513210119/http://www.khyber.org/publications/041-045/armyininda.shtml Army in India & Frontier Warfare 1914-1939] by Tim Moreman (Khyber.org, now archived and originally from [https://web.archive.org/web/20200220062414/http://www.king-emperor.com/Frontier%20Warfare%201914-1939.html king-emperor.com], now archived).
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160515195215/http://michaelelambert.com/main/pdf/Michael_E_Lambert_Afghanistan_&_North_West_Frontier.pdf Afghanistan & North West Frontier] (pdf) by Michael E. Lambert, now an archived webpage. The presentation is in three parts: "The History" relates Britain’s involvement in the North West Frontier, "The Medals" discusses the Afghanistan Medal, the Kabul to Kandahar Star, and the India General Service Medal through its multiple issues, "The Album" presents early twentieth century photographs of soldiers and soldiering.
*[http://www.nihcr.edu.pk/Latest_English_Journal/Pjhc%2025-1%202004/9-British%20Policy%20in%20Tribal.pdf "British Policy in Tribal Areas: A Case Study of Waziristan"] by Dr.Fazlur Rahman ''Pakistan Journal of History and Culture'' Vol.XXV No.1 Jan-Jun 2004. Includes statistics about the cost of operations.
*[http://www.tribalanalysiscenter.com/PDF-TAC/The%201897%20Revolt%20and%20Tirah%20Valley%20Operations.pdf "The 1897 Revolt and Tirah Valley Operations from the Pashtun Perspective"] by Robert A Johnson November 2009 Tribal Analysis Center
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170629213546/http://www.asc-centralasia.edu.pk/Issue_64/06_Khyber_during_the_Frontier.html "Khyber during the Frontier Uprising of 1897: Lessons to Learn from the British Policy in the Tribal Areas"] by Dr Javed Iqbal '' Central Asia Journal'' No. 64 [c 2009?] University of Peshawar, now archived.
*[httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20191025093159/https://www.defence.gov.au/ADCadc/Publicationspublications/Commanderscommanders/2012/02_Sligo02_sligo%20paper.pdf "An Historical Analysis of the ‘Incessant Disputes in the Tribal Areas’ (of the North-West Frontier) against the British (and the British Indian Army) from 1893 to 1939"] by Colonel Graeme Sligo, Australian Army. October 2012. defence.gov.au, now an archived webpage.
*[https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA436296 ''The British Colonial Experience in Waziristan and Its Applicability to Current Operations''] by Matthew W Williams 26 May 2005. Monograph [thesis] produced for School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA437314 ''British Governance of the North-West Frontier (1919 to 1947): A Blueprint for Contemporary Afghanistan?''] by Major Andrew M. Roe British Army, 17 June 2005. A thesis as part of the requirements for a degree of Master Of Military Art And Science, US Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA523451 ''Ever present danger: a concise history of British military operations on the north-west frontier, 1849-1947''] by Matt M Matthews. Occasional Paper 33, June 2010. Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Archive.org.
*[http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/7681 ''Inter-war, inter-service friction on the North-West frontier of India and its impact on the development and application of RAF doctrine''] by Andrew John Charles Walters 2018. University of Birmingham. Ph.D. Air power’s potential was never fully exploited.
:[https://www.raf.mod.uk/what-we-do/centre-for-air-and-space-power-studies/documents1/vol-21-no-1-raf100-special-edition/ “RAF Inter-War Operations on the North-West Frontier”] by Wing Commander Dr Andrew Walters page 110 (digital page 112) ''Air Power Review'' Volume 21, No.1 Spring 2018. raf.mod.uk
*[http://www.kaiserscross.com/304501/home.html Harry’s Sideshows] by Harry Fecitt (kaiserscross.com) detail many NWF campaigns.
*[https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https://mecon.nomadit.co.uk/pub/conference_epaper_download.php5?PaperID%3D18627%26MIMEType%3Dapplication/pdf "Tribal Belt and the Defence of British India: A Critical Appraisal of British Strategy in the North-West Frontier during the First World War"] (html version) by Dr. Salman Bangash, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. A paper presented at the 23rd European Conference on South Asian Studies, University of Zurich (Switzerland) 
23 to 26 July 2014. Alternatively, scroll down for a [http://www.nomadit.co.uk/easas/ecsas2014/panels.php5?PanelID=2433 pdf download] of the paper. [https://mecon.nomadit.co.uk/pub/conference_epaper_download.php5?PaperID=18627&MIMEType=application/pdf Direct pdf download]
*[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1921/may/31/defence-of-north-west-frontier House of Lords Debate 31 May 1921: Defence of North-West Frontier] An overview of the then current situation. hansard.millbanksystems.com
*[http://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/The-Bombing-of-Waziristan.html The Bombing of Waziristan] (c 1924-1939) by Graham Chandler ''Air & Space magazine'', July 2011
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170809020344/http://www.airpowerstudies.co.uk/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/apr14no3.pdf "“Good God, Sir, Are You Hurt?” The Realities and Perils of Operating over India’s Troublesome North-West Frontier"] by Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Roe ''Air Power Review Volume 14 Number 3 Autumn/Winter 2011'' Centre for Air Power Studies, Royal Air Force, pages 61-82 (computer file pages 72-93), archived.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140508060510/http://www.bcmh.org.uk/archive/conferences/2012AirGroundConingham.pdf "Air/Ground Cooperation between the RAF and the Indian Army in Waziristan 1936-1937"] by Simon Coningham, British Commission for Military History, Summer Conference 2012–Indian Armies, now archived.
*[http://storyofwar.com/ A Story of War] blog recording the diaries kept by Colin Diarmid Campbell Dunford Wood (of the 1st Battalion [[17th Regiment of Foot| Leicestershire Regiment]]) from early 1939. Waziristan Campaign.
*[http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/?p=3641 The kidnapping of Mollie Ellis] from [[Kohat]] cantonment by Afridi tribesmen from the Khyber Pass region 14 April 1923 and the rescue expedition which included Mrs Lilian Starr matron at the [[Peshawar]] Mission Hospital. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/13305961@N00/4946412546/ Photographs] from the Illustrated London News (26 May 1923) on Flickr. An account of her rescue mission ''Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet'' by Lilian A Starr was published 1924, which is available online, refer below.
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7713000/7713192.stm "Waziristan's last soldier"] by Zubeida Malik BBC 8 November 2008 with a [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_waziristan/html/1.stm slideshow of photographs]. Frank Leeson spent two years commanding 1,000 Khassadars- Waziri soldiers- between 1946 and 1948, the last surviving British officer to have served in North Waziristan.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/minutesproceedi04unkngoog#page/n461/mode/2up "Central Asia, and our military position on the North-West Frontier of India"] by Colonel John Adye RA. 20 January 1870. Page 389 ''Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution, Volume VI, 1870'' Archive.org
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=3h43AQAAMAAJ&pg=PR9 ''A Record of the Expeditions Undertaken against the North-West Frontier Tribes. Compiled from the military and political despatches, Lieut.-Colonel McGregor's gazetteer, and other official sources''], by Lieutenant-Colonel W.H. Paget, Commandant 5th Panjab Cavalry 1874 Google Books
**Lieut.-Colonel McGregor's gazetteer is possibly the three volumes in the series ''Central Asia'' by C M MacGregor: ''Part 1. North-West Frontier of British India''. , in 3 vol. , with full title ''Central Asia Part-I Vol: A contribution towards the better knowledge of the topography, ethnology, resources, & history of the North-II] West Frontier of British India complied (for political and military reference)'' by C M MacgregorMacGregor 1873. *:''Central Asia Part-i Vol-ii'' J to Peshawar. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278643 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. Full title*:[http: ''Central Asia Part //pahar.in/wpfb-file/1873-central-asia-part-1-topography-ethnography-statistics-and-history-of-north-west-frontier-vol-1-by-macgregor-s-pdf/ Volume I], [http: A contribution towards the better knowledge //pahar.in/wpfb-file/1873-central-asia-part-1-topography-ethnography-statistics-and-history-of the -north-west-frontier-vol-2-by-macgregor-s-pdf/ Volume II], [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1873-central-asia-part-1-topography, ethnology, resources, & -ethnography-statistics-and-history -of the North-West Frontier north-west-frontier-vol-3-by-macgregor-s-pdf/ Volume III]. Pdf downloads, PAHAR Mountains of British India complied (for political and military reference)Central Asia Digital Dataset. If the download buttons do not display, locate the book files under "Books/ Indian Subcontinent". [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar. 0740 Part I Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.0741/page/n1/mode/2up Part I Volume II''], published 1873[https://archive. Other volumes are available at the British Library, catalogue record IORorg/details/Ldli.pahar.0742/MILpage/17n1/14mode/722up Part I Volume III] Archive.org mirror versions. These are 1995 reprint editions.
*[https://archive.org/details/punjaubnorthwest00oldp ''The Punjaub and North-West Frontier of India''] 
by An Old Punjaubee. 1878 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/acrossborderorpa00oliv ''Across the Border : or Pathan and Biloch''] by Edward E Oliver 1890 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/risingsonnorthwe00alla ''The Risings on the North-west Frontier being a complete narrative, with specially prepared maps of the various risings of the frontier tribes in the Tochi Valley, the Swat Valley, the country of the Mohmands and Mamunds, and the country of the Afridis and Orakzai... from the middle of June, 1897 to the end of January, 1898''] Special War Correspondence of the "Pioneer" 1898 (archive.org)
**with a [https://archive.org/stream/risingsonnorthwe00alla#page/n11/mode/1up Map of the Area of Disturbance] and a [https://archive.org/stream/risingsonnorthwe00alla#page/n127/mode/1up Sketch map: Afridi and Orakzai country]
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015017670491?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 ''Tirah, 1897''] by Colonel C E Callwell 1911 Hathi Trust HathiTrust Digital Library. A book in the series ''Campaigns and their Lessons''. Also available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284632/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org].
*[https://archive.org/details/indianfrontierw03youngoog/page/n6 ''Indian Frontier Warfare''] by Captain and Brevet- Major G J Younghusband, Assistant-Quartermaster-General 1898 Archive.org. The Third Volume of ''The Wolseley Series''.
*[https://archive.org/details/frontiercampaign00dunmrich ''A Frontier Campaign; a Narrative of the Operations of the Malakand and Buner Field Forces, 1897-1898''] by the Viscount Fincastle, Lieutenant, 16th (Queen’s) Lancers and PC Eliott- Lockhart, Lieutenant “Queen’s Own” Corps of Guides. 2nd Edition 1898 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924020369108 ''Eighteen years in the Khyber, 1879-1898''] by Colonel Sir Robert Warburton KCIE CSI 1900 Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/indianborderlan00holdgoog#page/n10/mode/2up ''The Indian Borderland, 1880-1900''] by Colonel Sir T. Hungerford Holdich, late of the Indian Survey Department 1901 Archive.org
*[httphttps://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/38209 ''Wars and Military Operations on or beyond the borders of British India''] in which the Government of India have been engaged since the year 1849. Presented to Parliament. Her Majesty's Stationery Office [HMSO], London 1900. This document is a listing of the operations, with only minimal details. Pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India].
*[http://archive.org/stream/frontierwarfare00offigoog#page/n4/mode/2up ''Frontier Warfare 1901''] Official publication Simla. "Notes... written for the assistance of commanders when operating in broken and mountainous ground and are based on the experience gained in late frontier campaigns". Archive.org
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b5121073?urlappend=%3Bseq=4 ''Small Wars. Their Principles and Practice''] by Colonel C. [Charles] E. [Edward] Callwell. General Staff - War Office. Third Edition, revised 1906. His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. (First edition 1896) ”It is recommended to officers as a valuable contribution on the subject of the conduct of small wars.” HathiTrust Digital Library. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201641 Archive.org]. [http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/s/small-wars-their-principles-and-practice.html A transcribed version] Naval History and Heritage Command, an official U.S. Navy web site. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Small_Wars-_Their_principles_and_practice_%28C._E._Callwell%29.pdf Wikimedia.org pdf]. All 1906 editions.
**[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b5121073?urlappend=%3Bseq=487 Sangars] page 469.
*[httphttps://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/38213 ''East India (North-West Frontier). Mahsud-Waziri Operations''] 1902 His Majesty's Stationery Office, London . A report to Parliament, covering correspondence 1899-1902. Pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India]. Also available [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000076277?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 HathiTrust Digital Library], where the pages may be rotated if required. The military operations took place 24th to 28th November, 1901, as detailed from [https://archive.org/details/mahsud-waziri-operations/page/257/mode/2up page 257]. Archive.org (mirror version of HathiTrust file)*[https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.05452/page/n5/mode/2up ''The Punjab in Peace and War''] by S S Thorburn, Indian Civil Service (Retired) 1904. Archive.org, Public Library of India collection.
*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28168/supplement/6053 "Despatch on the recent operations on the Mohmand border, in the Khyber, and the country of the Mohmands"] ''London Gazette Supplement'' August 14, 1908.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas01indi#page/n11/mode/2up ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India: Volume 1 Tribes north of the Kabul River''] by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1907 Archive.org. There is a supplement with full title ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India Volume 1, supplement A: Operations against the Mohmands (including operations in the Khaiber, 1st-7th May''). The supplement ''Operations against the Mohmands'' is available to [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1908-operations-against-the-mohmands-vol-1-supplement-a-s-pdf/ download as a pdf] from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]]. If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'. Also available [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1814/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].
*''Waziristan 1919-1920'' by H De Watteville 1925 (one of eight in the series ''Campaigns and Their Lessons'') is available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54945 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.
*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012679548#page/n291/mode/2up "N.W. Frontier 1919-1920"] page 273 ''The Post Office of India in the Great War'' edited by H.A. Sams Published 1922 Archive.org
*[httphttps://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/29472''Indian Frontier Organisation''] published by the ''Pioneer'' 1920. Pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India].
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.449186 ''Official History of Operations on the N.-W. Frontier of India, 1920-35. Parts I, II, III''] [by General Staff Army Headquarters, India]. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi 1945. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.
**[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.449186/page/69/mode/2up Page 71] "Part II The Afridi and Red Shirt Rebellion, 1930-31; The Mohmand and Bajaur Operations, 1933".
*''Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet'' by Lilian A Starr, published 1924 is available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100747 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. Includes general comments about the Pathans, based on the author's experience in the Mission Hospital at Peshawar. Also available on the [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b258987?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 Hathi Trust Digital Library], and as [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1923-tales-of-tirah-and-lesser-tibet-by-starr-s-pdf/ pdf download], from Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset, (if the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2223 Archive.org Pahar mirror version].
*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/33104/supplement/7595 "An account of the recent operations by the Royal Air Force against certain recalcitrant sections of the Mahsuds in March, April and May, 1925"]. ''London Gazette Supplement'' 20 November 1925.
*''Letters of a Once Punjab Frontier Force Officer to his Nephew Giving his Ideas on Fighting on the North West Frontier and in Afghanistan'' by Colonel J P Villiers-Stuart (John Patrick), late Coke’s Rifles PFF. 1925. [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6123/mode/2up Archive.org version]; [https://www.indianculture.gov.in/letters-once-punjab-frontier-force-officer-his-nephew-giving-his-ideas-fighting-north-west-frontier indianculture.gov.in version] Read online; download [http://cslrepository.nvli.in//handle/123456789/6123 Central Secretariat Library (CSL)] Digital Repository version; [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1925-letters-of-a-once-punjab-frontier-force-officer-by-villiers-stuart-s-pdf/ Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset version]. (If the catalogue entry does not display a download, look under 'Books/Indian Subcontinent).
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.52854 ''The Romance Of The Indian Frontiers''] by Lt-Gen Sir George MacMunn, Colonel-Commandant Royal Artillery 1931 Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection.
:''Turmoil and Tragedy in India, 1914 and After'' by Lieut.-General Sir George MacMunn 1935. It is catalogued as ''Turmoil The Tragedy In India 1914''. It is available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177667 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.4031/page/n73/mode/2up/ "Defence in the North-West Frontier Province"] by General Sir Kenneth Wigram Page 73 ''Journal Of The Royal Central Asian Society'' - Vol. 24, Pt. 1 1937. A lecture given on November 18, 1936. Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.449185 ''Official History of Operations on the N.W. Frontier of India, 1936-37''] [by General Staff Army Headquarters, India] Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi. 1943. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.
:Also available in a reprint edition<ref>[https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/official-history-of-operations-on-the-north-west-frontier-of-india-1936-1937/ ''Official History Of Operations On The North-West Frontier Of India 1936-1937''] Naval & Military Press</ref> which in turn is available as part of an online book on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3.<ref name=NWF/> *Also see [[Operations in Waziristan]].
* ''Waziristan 1936- 1937: The problems of the North-West Frontiers of India and their Solutions'' by Lieut Colonel C. E. Bruce 1938 is available as a download from [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1938-waziristan-1936-1937-problems-of-north-west-frontiers-of-india-and-solutions-by-bruce-s-pdf/ Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset] which contains a [short] bibliography, also two maps. If the download button does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent/1938. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2719/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version]. Some other versions on Archive.org are missing a few pages.
*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34449/supplement/6811 "Report on Operations in Waziristan, 25th November 1936 to 16th January 1937 (1st Phase)"] ''London Gazette Supplement'' 2 November 1937
*''India’s North-West Frontier'' by Sir William Barton 1939 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281565 Archive.org mirror version] from Digital Library of India. The author was in the Indian Civil Service and Indian Political Service for 35 years. It is also available to [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1939-indias-north-west-frontier-by-barton-s-pdf/ download as a pdf] from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]], (if the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2737 Archive.org Pahar mirror version]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pell_Barton William Pell Barton] Wikipedia.
*[https://www.nzsappers.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Indian-Sappers-and-Miners-1948.pdf ''The Indian Sappers and Miners''] by E. W. C Sandes [Edward Warren Caulfeild] 1948. (726p). nzsappers.org.nz. Covers the period from the pioneers in 1759 to the prelude to the Second World War and includes operations on the North West Frontier at various periods prior to WW2.
*Actions in Waziristan continued during WW2, including the Ahmedzai Campaign, which took place from February to May 1940<ref>dryan67 [http://ww2talk.com/index.php?threads/14-12-frontier-force-regiment-and-the-ajmer-regiment.59699/page-2#post-692427 14/12 Frontier Force Regiment and The Ajmer Regiment] post 25, ''WorldWar2Talk Forum'' 11 December 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2020.</ref> elsewhere referred to as the Ahmadzai Salient operations against the Faqir of Ipi.<ref> Catalogue entry [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/7e420dc0-6d0c-4131-ae70-63fa398fe127 8005/151/7 Memoirs of Brigadier William Alston's service in the Indian Army]. National Army Museum, London.</ref> Generally not many WW2 details are known, but see brief extracts from the regimental history ''Unfaded Glory: The 8th Punjab Regiment 1798-1956'' by Major Rifat Nadeem Ahmad & Major General Rafiuddin Ahmed 2006.<ref>RobG64. [http://ww2talk.com/index.php?threads/8th-punjab-regiment-regimental-history.83313/ 8th Punjab Regiment Regimental History] ''WW2Talk Forum'' 19 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Also see various histories of the Frontier Scouts, below. The T R Moreman 1998 book ''The Army in India...'' below, has a chapter from [https://archive.org/details/armyinindiadevel0000more/page/178/mode/2up page 179]. Awards appearing in the ''London Gazette Supplement''s indicate some of the regiments involved. There were also awards to RAF personnel.[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34977/supplement/6175 1939] ''LGS'' 25 October 1940, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35195/supplement/3495 1940] ''LGS'' 20 June 1941, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35825/supplement/5495 1942] ''LGS'' 15 December 1942, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36261/page/5176 1943] ''LGS'' 25 November 1943
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/IndianMountainArtillery/mountainartillery#page/n3/mode/2up ''The History of the Indian Mountain Artillery''] by Brigadier-General C A L Graham 1957 Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/ThePathansByOlafCaroe ''The Pathans 550 B.C.-A.D. I957''] by Olaf Caroe 1958 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/stream/ThePathansByOlafCaroe/The-Pathans-By-Olaf-Caroe-ISBN10-%200710306822#page/n5/mode/2up Contents]. [https://archive.org/stream/ThePathansByOlafCaroe/The-Pathans-By-Olaf-Caroe-ISBN10-%200710306822#page/n509/mode/2up Index]. Unfortunately missing illustrations and most maps. Also available as additional [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28Pathans%29%20AND%20creator%3A%28Caroe%29 Archive.org Books to Borrow versions]. Also available as a [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1958-the-pathans-550-bc-to-ad-1957-by-caroe-s-pdf/ pdf download], Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3135/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org Pahar mirror version]. The author was Governor of the N-W Frontier Province 1946-1947.
*[https://archive.org/details/frontier183919470000elli/page/n5 ''The Frontier 1839-1947: the Story of the North-West Frontier of India''] by Major-General J G Elliott 1968. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/khyberbritishind00mill ''Khyber, British India's north west frontier : the story of an imperial migraine''] by Charles Miller 1977. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/afghanwarsnorthw0000bart/mode/2up ''Afghan Wars and the North-West Frontier, 1839-1947''] by Michael Barthorp 2002, first published 1982 as ''The North-West Frontier''. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1985-the-frontier-scouts-by-trench-s-pdf/ ''The Frontier Scouts''] by Charles Chenevix Trench 1985. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR - Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). If the download button does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent/1985. Also available [https://archive.org/details/frontierscouts0000chen/mode/2up Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library].
: Also see [[:Category:Frontier Scouts]].
*[https://archive.org/details/armyinindiadevel0000more/page/n5/mode/2up ''The Army in India and the Development of Frontier Warfare, 1849-1947''] by T R Moreman 1998 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Based on a 1996 PhD Thesis, also available online, see Histories above.*[https://archive.org/details/soldiersahibsmen0000alle/mode/2up ''Soldier Sahibs : the men who made the North-West Frontier''] by Charles Allen 2001, first published 2000. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Covers the period 1839-1857.:[https://archive.org/details/godsterroristswa0000alle/page/n5/mode/2up ''God's Terrorists : the Wahhabi cult and hidden roots of modern Jihad''] by Charles Allen 2006. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1935-brief-gazetteer-of-most-important-and-useful-place-names-in-waziristan-district-s-pdf/ ''Brief Gazetteer of Most Important and Useful Place Names in Waziristan District''] by General Staff, Headquarters, Waziristan District. 1935 is available to download as a pdf from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]]. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2595 Archive.org mirror version]. "Issued separately as Appendix H to the Military Report on Waziristan District, Fifth (1935) Edition".
=====Routes=====
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1893-routes-from-russian-territory-toward-afghanistan-and-india-the-pamir-line-of-advance-by-robertson-confidential-s-pdf/ 1893 ''Routes from Russian Territory toward Afghanistan and India - the Pamir line of Advance''] by Robertson (confidential). Full title: ''Routes from Russian Territory in Central Asia towards Afghanistan and India. Section 1, The Pamir line of advance'' compiled in the Intelligence Branch of the Quarter Master General's Department in India by W.R. Robertson. 1893. Contents: pt. 1. Short military report on the Ferghana province, Kashgar, the Pamirs and Upper Oxus Afghan provinces ... - pt. 2. Includes all routes leading from the Chimkend Kuldja postal road to the Hindu Kush between the Dorah and the Karakorum Passes. Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1292/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1912-strategical-epitome-of-routes-on-and-beyond-the-north-west-frontier-of-india-by-general-staff-india-confidential-s-pdf/ ''Strategical Epitome of Routes on and beyond the North-West Frontier of India''] by General Staff India (confidential) 1912 Pdf download, Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. (If the catalogue entry does not have a download, look under 'Books'). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1951/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].
=====Fiction=====
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42417 ''The Air Patrol: A Story of the North-West Frontier''] by Herbert Strang 1913. Gutenberg.org. An adventure story for younger readers.
*[https://archive.org/details/borderofbladesan00foraiala ''The Border of Blades : an Anglo-Indian Romance''] by Captain Bedford Foran 1916 Archive.org. Author is cataloged as William Robert Foran. Set in Peshawar and the North West Frontier. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Robert_Foran W. Robert Foran] Wikipedia. [https://aussiehunter.org/hunting/hunting-books/great-white-hunters/w-r-foran/ W R Foran] (aussiehunter.org) indicates he was in India with the British Army for a short time in the early 1900s.
*[http://www.britishcomics.20m.com/wolf.htm "The Wolf of Kabul"] ''Rover and Wizard'' January 25th 1964. britishcomics.20m.com. This appears to be a reprint, first published in the 1930s in ''Wizard'',<ref>[https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/boy-s-own-adventures-1-2615112 "Boy's Own adventures"] 27 April 2006 yorkshirepost.co.uk.</ref> a weekly magazine for boys published by DC Thomson of Dundee . Story involving Bill Samson (“His real job is surveying the frontier and making maps of the mountains and passes”) and his offsider Private Chung whose weapon was the Clicky-Ba. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_of_Kabul Wolf of Kabul] Wikipedia.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.528790/page/n471 "Ants"] by W J Blackledge, page 471 ''Fifty Amazing Hairbreadth Escapes'' c 1937. Stated to be an extract from ''Hell’s Broth Militia'' [1936] Archive.org
:"Company of the Damned" by Captain W J Blackledge. An Inside Picture of the Hunted Men’s Militia [Kurram Militia] in India. The story of Digger Craven, second in command. Appeared in issues of the weekly magazine ''Liberty'' from v13n14 1936-4-4. [https://archive.org/details/Liberty_v13n14_1936-4-4.Liberty_Darwination-DPP_/page/n10 Part 1], [https://archive.org/details/Liberty_v15n15_-_1936_-_MacFadden/page/n31 part 2], [https://archive.org/details/Liberty_v13n16_-_1936_-_MacFadden/page/n37 part 3] Archive.org. Further episodes are not available online.
:An examination of Part 1 shows it is an abridged version of "Ants" which in turn is an extract from ''Hell’s Broth Militia''. Note some classify the latter as biography.<ref>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HY_4aH5ihhUC&lpg=PR1&pg=PA27 Page 27, entry 319] ''British Autobiographies: An Annotated Bibliography of British Autobiographies Published Or Written Before 1951'' by William Matthews. Reprint edition 1964 Google Books</ref> For more about this author, see [[Mesopotamia Campaign#Historical books online|Mesopotamia Campaign - Historical books online - Fiction]].
*[https://archive.org/details/leopardcliff00bree/page/n7/mode/2up ''The Leopard and the Cliff''] by Wallace Breem 1978 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Set in the time of the [[3rd Afghan War]] in 1919.
== References ==
<references />
 
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[[Category:Wars and Campaigns]]
[[Category:North West Frontier Campaigns| North West Frontier Campaigns]]
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