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The nursing situation in the 1860s in [[Calcutta]] and elsewhere is described on [http://books.google.com/books?id=egysl1oHBI0C&pg=PA66 page 66] of (Limited View Google Books) of ''Florence Nightingale and the Health of the Raj'' by Jharna Gourlay (2003). Read a [http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/llt/55/br_25.html review of this book] by Ruth Compton Brouwer.
''[http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/node/24216 Missionary women doctors in nineteenth century Delhi]'' by Kaushik Das Gupta states that St Stephens Hospital, Delhi started a training School for nurses under Alice Wilkinson — the first trained British nurse who joined the hospital in 1908. Wilkinson became the hospital's nursing superintendent and is credited with raising the standard of nursing not only in St Stephen's but in the rest of India as well. She founded the Trained Nurses’ Association of India and worked as its secretary until 1948. This <ref> [http://www.superstoresindiaststephenshospital.comorg/organisationsabout.htm link] is about php St Stephen’s Stephen's Hospital, [[Delhi]].</ref>
===Books===
*''A Memoir, by Catharine Grace Loch, Royal Red Cross, Senior Lady Superintendent Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for India'' (published 1905) [http://www.archive.org/details/catharinegracel01bradgoog Archive.org Full View] [http://books.google.com/books?id=0pUPAAAAYAAJ No preview Google Book]
*''The Maturing Sun: an Army Nurse in India 1942-1945'' by A Bolton (1986). Available at the BL [http://books.google.com/books?id=S3E_IwAACAAJ No Preview Google Books]
*''Sister Sahibs; the VAD's with the 14th Army, 1944-46'' by M Robertson (1987). Available at the BL [http://books.google.com/books?id=MHFXAAAACAAJ No Preview Google Books]
*''Catch Me a Nightingale'' by Joan Ash (1991). Available at the BL [http://books.google.com/books?id=x1PxPQAACAAJ No Preview Google Books] includes wartime nursing experience in India.
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===Training and Hospital Nursing===
This article [http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/18/3/357 abstract] refers to the training of midwives in Madras in a Government lying-in [obstetrics] hospital from the 1840's
For many years nursing training was the preserve of Europeans and [[Anglo Indian|Anglo-Indians]]. The Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy (JJ) Hospital ([[Bombay]]) was the first to train nurses in western India. The first Indian lady to come forward for nursing training was Bai Kashibai Ganpat in 1891 in Bombay, implying that European and Eurasians were training prior to this date. In the years that followed, nursing schools were established all over the country in collaboration with government, state and private hospitals. <ref> [http://archive.today/0RAYS ''Nursing in India'' by Shubhada Sakurikar]</ref>
===Associations===
The ''Nursing Journal of India'' (Nurs J India) began publishing in 1912. It would be expected there would be mention of many individual nurses in the Journals. The [[British Library]] has the ''Nursing Journal of India'' from December 1926 (with a few scattered editions prior to this) to February 1939 and Cambridge University Library has an incomplete holding from 1935 to 1989. The Royal College of Nursing Archives in Edinburgh (refer [[Nurse#Other Libraries and Archives|section]] below) believes they have early issues of this Journal (or they can obtain them) but they are not in the computerised catalogue at present.
Historical UK Nursing Journals Online is a searchable database of PDF images showing journal pages. [http://rcnarchivewww2.rcn.org.uk/ development/library_and_heritage_services/library_collections/rcn_archive/historical_nursing_journals/ Search] ''The Nursing Record'' / ''The British Journal of Nursing'' 1888-1956 image database. There are many mentions of India in these Journals. Examples include:
:* [http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME047-1911/page168-volume47-26thaugust1911.pdf "Nursing in Calcutta Hospitals"] (1911)
:* [http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME048-1912/page437-volume48-01stjune1912.pdf "re report of Calcutta Hospitals"] (1912)
===Religious Orders===
*The [http://www.thamesweb.co.uk/windsor/windsor1999/csjb01.html Clewer Sisters] were Sisters from the Anglican Community of St John the Baptist from Clewer (near Windsor in England) who came to Calcutta in 1881. They were involved, at various times, with nursing at the Calcutta General Hospital, Medical College Hospital, and the Eden Hospital (a maternity hospital) and also with nurse training through the Calcutta Hospital Nurses Institution, which was based at the Lady Canning Home. Scroll to the end of this [http://anglicanhistory.org/england/ttcarter/life/05.html link] for brief details of their work in India. This [http://www.thamesweb.co.uk/books/raj.html link] describes the book ''Sisters of the Raj'' by Valerie Bonham, (which is available at the British Library), [http://books.google.com/books?id=JkrFAAAACAAJ No Preview Google Books]. *''All Saints Sisters of the Poor: an Anglican Sisterhood in the Nineteenth Century'' by Susan Mumm (published 2001) [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XNS_KBCil2AC&pg=PR14 Limited View Google Books] indicates this order was in India from 1878. Available at the BL. All Saints Sisters were at the J.J. Hospital, Bombay from 1880 [http://books.google.com/books?id=NsGG0s_HxH0C&pg=PA58 Limited View Google Books] and at St George’s Hospital Bombay from 1885 until 1902 ''Western medicine and public health in colonial Bombay, 1845-1895'' by Mridula Ramanna 2002 [http://books.google.com/books?id=NsGG0s_HxH0C&pg=PA76 Limited View Google Books]
*''A History All Saints Sisters of Christianity (Volume VI) the Great Century in Northern Africa and Asia 1800-1914Poor'' indicates this order was in India from 1878. <ref>[httphttps://books.google.com.au/books?id=ET8OAAAAQAAJXNS_KBCil2AC&pg=PA141 Limited View Google BooksPA15 page 15 footnote] indicates that the Wantage ''All Saints Sisters ([http://www.csmv.co.uk/WantageOverseas.htm Community of St Mary the Virgin],Wantage, Oxfordshire), Poor: an Anglican OrderSisterhood in the Nineteenth Century'' by Susan Mumm, (published 2001) Google Books</ref> All Saints Sisters were in [[at the J.J. Hospital, Bombay]] from 1880 and at St George’s Hospital Bombay from 1885 until 1902 <ref> [[Poona''Western medicine and public health in colonial Bombay, 1845-1895'' by Mridula Ramanna 2002]] from 1874.</ref>
*The Wantage Sisters ([http://www.csmv.co.uk/WantageOverseas.htm Community of St Mary the Virgin],Wantage, Oxfordshire), an Anglican Order, were in [[Bombay]] and [[Poona]] from 1874.<ref>''A History of Christianity (Volume VI) the Great Century in Northern Africa and Asia 1800-1914''</ref> The abbreviation Sr C S M V was used.
==Military Nurses in India==
The Indian Nursing Service for the [[British Army]] in India was founded in 1888, when Miss Catharine Loch and five sisters went to [[Rawalpindi]] and Miss Oxley and three sisters went to [[Bangalore]]. Nurses were recruited in England. ''Angels and Citizens: British Women as Military Nurses, 1854-1914'' by Anne Summers (1988), [http://books.google.com/books?id=cuIOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA114 page 114] (Limited View Google Books), gives brief details of the conditions. The service became known as Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for India in 1903, and in 1926 was amalgamated with Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service. This [http://www.scarletfinders.co.uk/8.html link] gives more details. Select 'British Military Nurses' and scroll down to Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for India. This [http://www.qaranc.co.uk/queen-alexandras-imperial-military-nursing-service-for-india.php QARANC article] (Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps) details the history of the Queen Alexandra nurses in India. This [http://www.scarletfinders.co.uk/18.html link] (Scarletfinders) is a Record Of Work in France Of Queen Alexandra’s Military Nursing Service For India during the First World War and this [http://www.scarletfinders.co.uk/150.html link] on the same website contains descriptions of the various uniforms worn.
The work of Australian Army nurses in India in the [[First World War]] is decribed in *[http://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j36/nurses.asp Reading between unwritten lines: Australian Army nurses in India, 1916-19] by Ruth Rae. Australian War Memorial website. Describes the 34th Welsh General Hospital (34 WGH) at [[Deolali]].*[http://emhs.org.au/person/brooks/constance_jessie Constance Jessie Brooks] was one of over 500 members of the AANS [Australian Army Nursing Service] who served in India during the First World War although it was not recognised officially as a theatre of war. She was posted to Rawalpindi, the Victoria War Hospital in Bombay and subsequently on His Majesty’s Hospital Ship ‘Ellora’, then finally the Gerard Freeman Thomas [War] Hospital in Bombay. In 1919 she married in Bombay, one of the 20 Australian nurses who married in India.
===First World War hospital for wounded Indian soldiers===
* [http://www.awin1.com/awclick.php?mid=2114&id=201071 findmypast] has Military Nurses 1856-1940. These are five sets of records transcribed largely from those held at National Archives. These include 783 names from Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service. (Free to search but pay for full view)
*[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/nursing.asp Nursing Service Records, First World War]allows search and download of information. The records relate to "over 15,000 First World War service records for nurses who served in the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service, the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service (Reserve) and the Territorial Force Nursing Service". Some records relate to a period before the First World War but none post date 1939.
==Singapore==
*"Indian Army Prisoners of War in the Second World War" by Hedley Sutton ''FIBIS Journal, No 12 (Autumn 2004)''. For details of how to access this article online, see [[FIBIS Journals]]. An alphabetical listing by surname of nearly 900 Indian Army personnel who became prisoners of war between 1941 and 1945 is available at the British Library. Most were held by the Japanese, with some held by the Italians.The vast majority are Europeans, but a handful of Indians are recorded; plus a few Indian Medical Service nursing sisters
*"Medals to a Nurse" by Allan Stanistreet ''FIBIS Journal Number 28 (Autumn 2012)'' pages 39-40. Miss W McGregor was a member of the '''Temporary Nursing Service, India''' during the [[First World War]]. See [[FIBIS Journals]] for details of how to access this article
*"'Some hot water quickly' – Sister Sallie’s Kaisar-i-Hind" by Kimberley John Lindsay ''FIBIS Journal Number 35 (Spring 2016)'' pages 11-17. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]]. Sarah (Sallie) Maria Round worked as a Missionary Nurse with the All Saints Sisters, mainly in the Bombay Presidency, but latterly at Peshawar, receiving the medal in 1946.
==External links==
*The kidnapping of Mollie Ellis from [[Kohat]] cantonment by Afridi tribesmen from the Khyber Pass region 14 April 1923 and the rescue expedition which included Mrs Lilian Starr matron at the [[Peshawar]] Mission Hospital: Article by Michael E Lambert, from his website [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:sDCmhtmrVkIJ:michaelelambert.com/main/pdf/The_Kidnapping_of_Mollie_Ellis_by_Afridi_Tribesmem-Michael_E_Lambert%2520_C_20_C_.pdf+Kidnap+%22Mollie+Ellis%22&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au html versionArticle by Michael E Lambert], [http://michaelelambert.com/main/pdf/The_Kidnapping_of_Mollie_Ellis_by_Afridi_Tribesmem-Michael_E_Lambert%20_C_.pdf original pdf]; [http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/?p=3641 Article from Lookand learnLookandlearn.com], [http://www.flickr.com/photos/13305961@N00/4946412546/ Photographs] from the Illustrated London News (26 May 1923 pages 894-895 ) Flickr.com. An account of her rescue mission ''Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet'' by Lilian A Starr, published 1924 is available at to read online on the [[British Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Libraryof India]]website.
*Mrs Adela Cottle (born Adela Collins) (1861-1940) [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=16&t=6395 Victorian Wars Forum thread] dated 1 January 2012. She was active in the St John Ambulance Brigade and the Red Cross in Calcutta, for over forty years, particularly during World War 1 and the post war period. Her awards included [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire CBE], and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar-i-Hind Kaisar-i-Hind] silver medal in 1915 <ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/indianbiographic00raoc#page/22/mode/2up page 23 of the Appendix, ''The Indian Biographical Dictionary'' 1915]. Edited by C. Hayavadana Rao Archive.org. There was also an obituary in ''The Times'' [London] dated 22 February 1940.</ref>
*[http://greatwarnurses.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/miss-loch-and-indian-nursing-service.html Miss Loch and the Indian Nursing Service]greatwarnurses.blogspot.co.uk. (See also Books Historical books online section above below for memoir)*WW2 [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/26/a1307026.shtml Wartime Memories of a Nurse] by Kitty Calcutt. Includes a posting to 3 B.M.N.S.U. British Mobile Neuro-Surgical Unit. Number 3 at [[Comilla|Camilla]], which treated soldiers from the Burma frontline. bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar
===Historical books online===
*[https://archive.org/details/jstor-3401905 "The Indian Army Nursing Service"] by A. Arkle ''The American Journal of Nursing'' Vol. 2, No. 9, June, 1902, pages 652-655 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/jstor-3402194 "The Work of the Indian Army Nursing Service"] by Miss Watt ''The American Journal of Nursing'' Volume 3, No 2 November 1902, pages 93-96 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/jstor-3402675 ''Nursing in Mission Stations in India''] ''The American Journal of Nursing'' May 1907 pages 626-627 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/jstor-3407933 "Nursing in India'"] by Wilhemina Noordyk ''The American Journal of Nursing'' February 1921 pages 296-299 Archive.org
*''A Memoir, by Catharine Grace Loch, Royal Red Cross, Senior Lady Superintendent Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for India'' (published 1905) [http://www.archive.org/details/catharinegracel01bradgoog Archive.org Full View]
*[https://archive.org/details/IanHay1951ArmyNursing ''One Hundred Years of Army Nursing : The Story of the British Army Nursing Service from the time of Florence Nightingale to the present day''] by John Hay Beith 1953 Archive.org
==Notes==
