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The nursing situation in the 1860s in [[Calcutta]] and elsewhere is described on This article [http://booksshm.googleoxfordjournals.com/books?id=egysl1oHBI0C&pg=PA66 page 66] of (Limited View Google Books) of ''Florence Nightingale and the Health of the Raj'' by Jharna Gourlay (2003). Read a [http:org/cgi/www.historycooperative.orgcontent/journalsabstract/llt18/553/br_25.html review 357 abstract] refers to the training of this bookmidwives in Madras in a Government lying-in [obstetrics] by Ruth Compton Brouwer.hospital from the 1840's
"[http://www.carefoundation.org.in/Clc_3.htm Nursing in India]" by Shubhada Sakurikar states that for For many years nursing training was the preserve of Europeans and [[Anglo Indian|Anglo-Indians]]. The Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy (JJ) Hospital ([[Bombay]]) was the first to train nurses in western India. The first Indian lady to come forward for nursing training was Bai Kashibai Ganpat in 1891 in Bombay, implying that European and Eurasians were training prior to this date. In the years that followed, nursing schools were established all over the country in collaboration with government, state and private hospitals.<ref> [http://archive.today/0RAYS ''Nursing in India'' by Shubhada Sakurikar]</ref>
''[http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/node/24216 Missionary women doctors in nineteenth century Delhi]'' by Kaushik Das Gupta states that St Stephens Hospital, Delhi started a training School for nurses under Alice Wilkinson — the first trained British nurse who joined the hospital in 1908. Wilkinson became the hospital's nursing superintendent and is credited with raising the standard of nursing not only in St Stephen's but in the rest of India as well. She founded the Trained Nurses’ Association of India and worked as its secretary until 1948. This <ref> [http://www.superstoresindiaststephenshospital.comorg/organisationsabout.htm link] is about php St Stephen’s Stephen's Hospital, [[Delhi]]. '''Other books''':*''The Economic Development of India'' by Vera Anstey (first published 1929, reprinted 1977) mentions nurse training on page 81 [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=fq1MVCSqu4sC&pg=PA81 Limited View Google Books]*''Our Viceregal Life in India, Volume I'' by Marchioness of Dufferin And Ava (2008) references Calcutta hospitals in [http:<//books.google.com/books?id=CEUYY3Gu5kMC&pg=PA83 1885] (Limited View Google Books).ref>
''Stolen Daughters, Virgin Mothers: Anglican Sisterhoods ==Military Nurses in Victorian Britain'' by Susan Mumm (1999) [http://books.google.com/books?idIndia=QY9qP8pC0uoC&pg=PA8 Limited View Google BooksFemale nursing was introduced in army hospitals in [[Madras]] gives more details about these three Orders. Available at in the BLlate 1860’s, well before Calcutta. ===Additional Books===*<ref> Page 73 ''A Nursing Sister in BaluchistanFlorence Nightingale and the Health of the Raj'' by J M Morris Jharna Gourlay (19322003) [http:(page no longer available online)<//books.google.com/books?id=Ln2UOgAACAAJ No Preview Google Books]. Experiences at a mission hospital in [[Quetta]] from 1921. Available at the [[British Library]].ref>
*The Indian Nursing Service for the [[British Army]] in India was founded in 1888, when Miss Catharine Loch and five sisters went to [[Rawalpindi]] and Miss Oxley and three sisters went to [[Bangalore]]. Nurses were recruited in England. (Brief details of the conditions.<ref>''Angels and Citizens: British Women as Military Nurses, 1854-1914''Religionby Anne Summers (1988), Caste page 114, gives brief details of the conditions (page no longer available online)</ref>). The service became known as Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for India in 1903, and Gender: Missionaries and in 1926 was amalgamated with Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service. <br>The Nursing History Service for Indian Troops Hospitals was formed in South India'' by Meera Abraham 1926 (1996Later renamed the Indian Military Nursing Service) . This was a permanent nursing service. In the prior years from 1916 the Indian Government had employed many nurses on six months contract.<ref>royalredcross [Norman]. [httphttps://bookswww.googlegreatwarforum.comorg/topic/274001-qamnsi-nurses/books?iddo=tbftAQAACAAJ No Preview Google BooksfindComment&comment=2788124 QAMNSI Nurses]''Great War Forum'' 31 July 2019. Available at the [[British Library]]Retrieved 1 August 2019. </ref>
*Also see Historical books online below.===First World War hospital for wounded Indian soldiers===[http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME054-1915/page185-volume54-6thmarch1915.pdf The Lady Hardinge Hospital at Brockenhurst, in the New Forest, [England<nowiki>]</nowiki> for wounded Indian soldiers] The sisters at the hospital , who performed mainly supervisory duties, all spoke Hindustani.<ref> [http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME054-1915/page185-volume54-6thmarch1915.pdf ''The British Journal of Nursing History and the Politics of Welfare'' edited by A M RaffertyMarch 6, J Robinson1915 Volume 54, R Elkan (1997) has page 187].</ref> The newly constructed hospital, consisting of a chapter called "Rescue and Redemption series of huts, opened 20 January 1915<ref>[http: //archive.org/stream/orderofhospitalo00finciala#page/36/mode/2up page 36] ''The Order of the rise Hospital of St. John of female medical missions in colonial India during the late nineteenth Jerusalem, and early twentieth centuries" its Grand priory of England'' by Rosemary Fitzgerald H.W. Fincham 1916 Archive.org</ref>, although there had been other hospital facilities from about September 1914<ref>World War 1 document by Hampshire Record Office, page 18 [http://bookswww.hants.googlegov.comuk/books?id=7yc6-qBmB9cC&pg=PA63 Limited View Google Booksrh/archives/ww1.pdf pdf] page 63</ref>, when Balmer Lawns and Forest Park Hotels had been commandeered and fitted out as a medical facility, with temporary structures in the grounds providing additional accommodation. Later Morant Hall became Meerut Indian General Hospital to provide additional accomodation. The Lady Hardinge Hospital for Wounded Indian Soldiers was used from the outbreak of war until the end of 1915, when the Indian Army Corps which it supported, was transferred to Egypt. The Indian hospital was then transferred to Brighton and the Brockenhurst site became No 1 New Zealand General Hospital. Available at At the same time Morant Hall became Morant War Hospital. For more about Brighton, see [[British LibraryWestern Front]].
The Indian Nursing Service for the [[British Army]] in India was founded in 1888, when Miss Catharine Loch and five sisters went to [[Rawalpindi]] and Miss Oxley and three sisters went to [[Bangalore]]. Nurses were recruited in England. ''Angels and Citizens: British Women as Military Nurses, 1854-1914'' by Anne Summers (1988), [http://books.google.com/books?id=cuIOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA114 page 114] (Limited View Google Books), gives brief details of the conditions. The service became known as Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for India in 1903=Second World War===See Historical books online, and in 1926 was amalgamated with Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service. This [http://www.scarletfinders.co.uk/8.html link] gives more details. Select 'British Military Nurses' and scroll down to Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for Indiarefer below.
→Military Nurses in India
===Training and Hospital Nursing===
===Associations===
The ''Nursing Journal of India'' (Nurs J India) began publishing in 1912. It would be expected there would be mention of many individual nurses in the Journals. The [[British Library]] has the ''Nursing Journal of India'' from December 1926 (with a few scattered editions prior to this) to February 1939 and Cambridge University Library has an incomplete holding from 1935 to 1989. The Royal College of Nursing Archives in Edinburgh (refer [[Nurse#Other Libraries and Archives|section]] below) believes they have early issues of this Journal (or they can obtain them) but they are not in the computerised catalogue at present.
Historical UK Nursing Journals Online is a an online searchable database of PDF images showing British journal pagesfrom the [https://www.rcn.org. uk/library Royal College of Nursing Library], then select Archives/Family history/Historical nursing journals or direct link [httphttps://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/ Search] ''The Nursing Record'' / ''The British Journal of Nursing'' 1888-1956 image database. There are many mentions of India in these Journals. Examples include:
:* [http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME047-1911/page168-volume47-26thaugust1911.pdf "Nursing in Calcutta Hospitals"] (1911)
:* [http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME048-1912/page437-volume48-01stjune1912.pdf "re report of Calcutta Hospitals"] (1912)
:* [http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME047-1911/page169-volume47-26thaugust1911.pdf JJ Hospital, Bombay] (1911)
Also see [[Nurse#Historical books online|Historical books online. below]]
===Nurse Registration===
====England====
In England, legislation was passed in 1919 which became effective from 1921. [[The National Archives]] has Registers of Nurses from 1921 in the series '''DT 10'''. This [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=4906&CATLN=3&FullDetails=True link] gives some details about records originating from the General Nursing Council for England and Wales. It seems likely that some Indian trained nurses were also registered in England, as there is an associated series [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=4914&CATLN=3&accessmethod=5'''DT 18''' ] General Nursing Council for England and Wales: Registrar: Correspondence and Papers, Overseas, which has the following catalogue entries:
*'''DT 18/72''' West Bengal; (India) general 1937 June 7-1948 July 28
*'''DT 18/76''' India Office, London 1924 Mar 25-1941 Dec 22
*'''DT 18/146''' Presidency General Hospital, Calcutta 1923 July 11-1932 June 21
The British Library has a catalogue entry: Nurses: registration under the Nurses Registration Act 1919 of Nurses on the Register of the State Medical Faculty of Bengal [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorle_2-1&cid=1-1-3-641#1-1-3-641 '''IOR/L/E/7/1167, File 4082''' ] 21 Aug 1923-13 Oct 1932. This [http://smfwb.in/history.html link] gives details of the State Medical Faculty of Bengal.
====India====
The [[British Library]] has two registers of nurses and midwives in [[Madras]]:
*[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorv_9-2&cid=1-1-31-8#1-1-31-8 '''IOR/V/25/851/8''' ] (1940)*[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorv_9-2&cid=1-1-31-9#1-1-31-9 '''IOR/V/25/851/9''' ] (1946)
It has the following catalogue entries which indicate some of the particular Acts:
===Religious Orders===
*The [http://www.thamesweb.co.uk/windsor/windsor1999/csjb01.html Clewer Sisters] were Sisters from the Anglican Community of St John the Baptist from Clewer (near Windsor in England) who came to Calcutta in 1881. They were involved, at various times, with nursing at the Calcutta General Hospital, Medical College Hospital, and the Eden Hospital (a maternity hospital) and also with nurse training through the Calcutta Hospital Nurses Institution, which was based at the Lady Canning Home. Scroll to the end of this [http://anglicanhistory.org/england/ttcarter/life/05.html link] for brief details of their work in India. This [http://www.thamesweb.co.uk/books/raj.html link] describes the book ''Sisters of the Raj'' by Valerie Bonham, (which is available at the British Library), [http://books.google.com/books?id=JkrFAAAACAAJ No Preview Google Books].
*''All Saints Sisters of the Poor: an Anglican Sisterhood in the Nineteenth Century'' by Susan Mumm (published 2001) indicates this order was in India from 1878. <ref>[httphttps://books.google.com.au/books?id=XNS_KBCil2AC&pg=PR14 Limited View Google BooksPA15 page 15 footnote] indicates this order was ''All Saints Sisters of the Poor: an Anglican Sisterhood in India from 1878. Available at the BL. Nineteenth Century'' by Susan Mumm, (published 2001) Google Books</ref> All Saints Sisters were at the J.J. Hospital, Bombay from 1880 [http://books.google.com/books?id=NsGG0s_HxH0C&pg=PA58 Limited View Google Books] and at St George’s Hospital Bombay from 1885 until 1902 <ref> ''Western medicine and public health in colonial Bombay, 1845-1895'' by Mridula Ramanna 2002 [http:<//books.google.com/books?id=NsGG0s_HxH0C&pg=PA76 Limited View Google Books]ref>
*''A History of Christianity (Volume VI) the Great Century in Northern Africa and Asia 1800-1914'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=ET8OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA141 Limited View Google Books] indicates that the The Wantage Sisters ([http://www.csmv.co.uk/WantageOverseas.htm Community of St Mary the Virgin],Wantage, Oxfordshire), an Anglican Order, were in [[Bombay]] and [[Poona]] from 1874.<ref>''A History of Christianity (Volume VI) the Great Century in Northern Africa and Asia 1800-1914''</ref> The abbreviation Sr C S M V was used.
*[http://www.scarletfinders.co.uk/8.html The Military Nursing Services] (scarletfinders.co.uk) Select 'British Military Nurses'Links of Love: a Centenary of British Links with the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, scroll down to Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for India. *[http://www.qaranc.co.uk/queen-alexandras-imperial-military-nursing-service-for-india.php Queen Alexandra'' s Military Nursing Service for India] QARANC by C Howes [(2000Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps) ]. *[http://bookswww.scarletfinders.googleco.comuk/books?id=i3s8AAAACAAJ No Preview Google Books]18. html Available at Record of Work in France of Queen Alexandra’s Military Nursing Service For India] during the [[British Library]]First World War. scarletfinders.co.uk.
The work of Australian Army nurses in India in the [[First World War]]:*[https://www.awm.gov.au/blog/2014/10/28/nursing-british-raj/ "Nursing for the British Raj"] by Ashleigh Wadman 28 October 2014 Australian War Memorial website. Suggested further reading includes ''Tales Guns and Brooches: Australian Army Nursing from the Inns of HealingBoer War to the Gulf War'' by Jan Bassett 1997 which is stated elsewhere<ref> kjharris. [https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/238575-online-articles-aans-australian-nurses-in-india/?do=findComment&comment=2424827 Online articles: Of Christian Medical Service AANS (Australian nurses) in India, Burma and Ceylon] ''Great War Forum'' prepared under 19 July 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2018.</ref> to provide “the best most accurate info on Australians nursing in India”.*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160323003112/https://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j36/nurses/ "Reading between unwritten lines: Australian Army nurses in India, 1916-19"] by Ruth Rae. Australian War Memorial website, archived webpage. Describes the direction 34th Welsh General Hospital (34 WGH) at [[Deolali]].*[http://emhs.org.au/person/brooks/constance_jessie Constance Jessie Brooks] was one of over 500 members of the Executive Committee of AANS [Australian Army Nursing Service] who served in India during the Christian Medical Association First World War although it was not recognised officially as a theatre of Indiawar. She was posted to Rawalpindi, Burma the Victoria War Hospital in Bombay and Ceylon 1942. subsequently on His Majesty’s Hospital Ship ‘Ellora’, then finally Available at the Gerard Freeman Thomas [War] Hospital in Bombay. In 1919 she married in Bombay, one of the 20 Australian nurses who married in India.*A List of Australian Army nurses who married overseas during WW1 includes those who married in India.<ref> frev (Heather Ford) [British Library]https://www.greatwarforum.org/blogs/entry/2836-aans-nurses-who-married-overseas-during-ww1/ AANS NURSES WHO MARRIED OVERSEAS DURING WW1] ''Great War Forum blog'' 15 October 2023, retrieved 18 October 2023.</ref>*"Australian Nurses in India 1916-1919 " commences page 124 ''With Horse and Morse in Mesopotamia : the story of Anzacs in Asia'' edited by Keast Burke 1927, and is available online below.
[https://nfknowledge.org/contributions/brockenhurst-a-first-world-war-hospital-village-1914/#map==Military Nurses in India==10/-1.57/50.81/0/24:0:0.6|39:1:1|40:1:1 Brockenhurst a First World War Hospital village 1914] by Gareth Owen. nfknowledge.org. This article contains further links and there are a number of photographs.<br>Names of some of the nurses from BJN 21 November 1914-23 October 1915:[http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME053-1914/page402-volume53-21stnovember1914.pdf 1]Female nursing was introduced in army hospitals in [http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME054-1915/page026-volume54-9thjanuary1915.pdf 2][Madrashttp://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME054-1915/page152-volume54-20thfebruary1915.pdf 3][http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME054-1915/page171-volume54-27thfebruary1915.pdf 4] in the late 1860’s, well before Calcutta, see [http://booksrcnarchive.rcn.googleorg.comuk/data/VOLUME054-1915/books?id=egysl1oHBI0C&pg=PA73 page 73page278-volume54-3rdapril1915.pdf 5] (Limited View Google Books) of ''Florence Nightingale and the Health of the Raj'' by Jharna Gourlay (2003)[http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME055-1915/page337-volume55-23rdoctober1915. pdf 6]
During [[Second World War|WW2]] a large group of VADs left London who ended up working near the Burma Front.<ref>catblues44. [http://boards.ancestry.com.au/topics.Military.wwii.nurses/191/mb.ashx V.A.D. nurses London] ''Rootsweb Message Board: Military: World War II: Nurses'' 19 May 2015. Mentions the book '' Sister Sahibs: The VADs With the 14th Army 1944-46'' by Marian Robertston. Retrieved 16 December 2016.</ref>===Records about Military Nursing===*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=72PNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT137 "Researching the Indian Army Nursing Service/QAMSI"] (digital page 137?) ''Tracing Your Service Women Ancestors: A Guide for Family Historians'' by Mary Ingham. Google Books. Advises that the Indian Army List has some details from 1891 and that QAMSI also appear in ''Thacker’s Indian Medical Directory''.**See '''[[Indian Army List online]]'''**''Thacker's Indian Medical Directory''. For availability , see [[Doctor#Lists of medical officers| Doctor - Lists of medical officers - Other lists]]. *:'''Note''', the 1931 ''Thacker's'' is known to contain entries for nurses, but it is not clear whether all editions do so. For online editions, see [[Directories online#Thacker's Indian Directory|Directories online - Thacker's Indian Directory]].====Records at the British Library about Military Nursing====
Records relating to nursing at the [[British Library]] include:
*The Indian Nursing Service-Registers of Candidates [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_4-3_3&cid=1-1-1#1-1-1 '''IOR/L/MIL/9/430-432''' ] (1887-1920). The nurses were recruited in England.*Collection 262 Indian Nursing Service [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_3-2_1-4&cid=1-1-39#1-1-39 '''IOR/L/MIL/7/11316-11616''' ] (1886-1940), which includes items 262/1-270 and 262A/1-188 with many individual names mentioned.*Collection 262/103 [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlmil_3-2_1-4&cid=1-1-39-106#1-1-39-106 '''IOR/L/MIL/7/11421''' ] (1913) states "Candidates for Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for India must either be of British parentage or naturalised British subjects."
*Nursing sisters and higher ranks are recorded in the Indian Army List from 1891. Staff Nurses are recorded from 1926.
Other records are listed on this the British Library webpage, now archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20180818085807/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpsubjectfindhelpregion/historyasia/genealogyindia/indiaofficerecordsfamilyhistory/occupations/indianmedicalservice/indianmedical.html Indian Medical Service] ====Records at the National Archives====*The National Archives Research Guide [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/british-army-nurses/ British Army nurses] contains no specific reference to India.*[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/nursing.asp Nursing Service Records, First World War] allows search and download of information. The records relate to "over 15,000 First World War service records for nurses who served in the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service, the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service (Reserve) and the Territorial Force Nursing Service". Some records relate to a period before the First World War but none post date 1939. ==Online records==*[http://www.awin1.com/awclick.php?mid=2114&id=201071 findmypast] contains a database "Military Nurses 1856-1994" (located in Armed forces & conflict/Regimental & service records). These are five sets of records transcribed from those held at National Archives, and other sources, as explained in a findmypast [http://www.findmypast.com.au/articles/world-records/full-list-of-united-kingdom-records/armed-forces-and-conflict/military-nurses-1856-1994 article]. These include 783 names from Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service. (Free to search but pay for full view).* Ancestry, a pay website, contains the following databases, located in Schools, Directories & Church Histories (Search the [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/catalog/?limitToCountry=1 Card Catalogue])**UK & Ireland, Nursing Registers, 1898-1968 (source: Royal College of Nursing, London)**Scotland, Nursing Applications, 1921-1945 (source: Royal College of Nursing, London)**UK & Ireland, Queen's Nursing Institute Roll of Nurses, 1891-1931 (source: Wellcome Library webpage, London)**UK, The Midwives Roll, 1904-1959 (source: Wellcome Library, London):[https://www.rcn.org.uk/library/archives/family-history Family History/Digital publications]Royal College of Nursing website includes some details of the Ancestry databases.
===Books=Singapore==*''A Memoir, by Catharine Grace Loch, Royal Red Cross, Senior Lady Superintendent Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for India'' (published 1905) [http://wwwsmj.archivesma.org/details/catharinegracel01bradgoog Archive.org Full View] [http:sg/2601/books2601smj7.google.com/books?id=0pUPAAAAYAAJ No preview Google Book]*''pdf The Maturing Sun: an Army Nurse Origins of Nursing in India 1942-1945'' Singapore] by A Bolton (1986). Available at the BL [http://books.google.com/books?id=S3E_IwAACAAJ YK Lee MD Singapore Medical Journal Volume 26, No Preview Google Books]1,1985, page 53*''Sister Sahibs; the VAD's with the 14th Army, 1944-46'' by M Robertson (1987). Available at the BL [http://bookswww.googlesma.comorg.sg/books?id=MHFXAAAACAAJ No Preview Google Books]*''Catch Me a Nightingale'' by Joan Ash (1991). Available at the BL [http:smj/4611/books4611cen1.google.com/books?id=x1PxPQAACAAJ No Preview Google Books] includes wartime pdf Nursing and the beginnings of specialised nursing experience in India.early Singapore] by YK Lee Singapore Medical Journal Volume 46 No 11 2005, page 600
==Other Libraries and Archives==
*[http://www.rcn.org.uk/development/library/archives/contactus Royal College Of Nursing Archives] in Edinburgh. You need to discuss your requirements with the Archives Librarian and to book an appointment prior to visiting.
:*[http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/ Archive Search] - browse or search the historical journals and '''read online,''' and browse or search the archivecatalogue.
:*[http://rcn-library.rcn.org.uk/uhtbin/cgisirsi/HD7MJcxPP6/LONDON/190020009/60/502/X Library Catalogue]. Some of the books mentioned in this article are also available at the Library in London.
:*[http://www.rcn.org.uk/development/library/contact Library] in London W1
*The [http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0115;class=alt-db Cambridge University Library: Royal Commonwealth Society Library] has the [http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0115%2FRCMS%2077 Indian Nursing Collection of Diana Hartley] the first full-time Secretary of the Trained Nurses Association of India (T.N.A.I.), 1935-1944 and her [http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0115%2FY3022NNN Indian Photograph Collection], the link giving details of her career, together with more Indian Nursing Photographs in the [http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0115%2FY3022OOO Dora Chadwick Collection]
*Mrs. Eve Ross, speaking about her missionary nursing experiences (as Miss Eve Croydon) in United Provinces, 1941-1946 in an [http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/archive/audio/collection/e-ross/ interview] from the Oral History Collection of the [[University of Cambridge - Centre of South Asian Studies]], available to listen to, or read as a transcript. The [http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/archive/papers/ Archive papers collection] also has 271 very interesting, personal, letters home during that period.
==FIBIS resources==
*The FIBIS database contains the following records:**[http://wwwfibis.search.fibisourarchives.org/frontisonline/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=462&s_id=0 Nursing Personnel 1944] photograph**[http://www.searchfibis.fibisourarchives.org/frontisonline/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=419&s_id=0 List of Qualified Midwives, European and East Indian from the Government Lying-in-Hospital, Madras, 1865]*"Image of a Qualification Certificate to practice as a midwife granted by the Government Maternity Hospital Madras" to Jane Bullock, dated 4th September 1909(?). There is a statement on the certificate advising “This institution is recognised as a training School by the Central Midwives’ Board, London”. Previously, but seemingly not currently, available on FIBIS on Facebook.*"Indian Army Prisoners of War in the Second World War" by Hedley Sutton ''FIBIS Journal, No 12 (Autumn 2004)''. For details of how to access this article online, see [[FIBIS Journals]]. An alphabetical listing by surname of nearly 900 Indian Army personnel who became prisoners of war between 1941 and 1945 is available at the British Library. Most were held by the Japanese, with some held by the Italians.The vast majority are Europeans, but a handful of Indians are recorded; plus a few Indian Medical Service nursing sisters *"Medals to a Nurse" by Allan Stanistreet ''FIBIS Journal Number 28 (Autumn 2012)'' pages 39-40. Miss W McGregor was a member of the '''Temporary Nursing Service, India''' during the [[First World War]]. See [[FIBIS Journals]] for details of how to access this article*"'Some hot water quickly' – Sister Sallie’s Kaisar-i-Hind" by Kimberley John Lindsay ''FIBIS Journal Number 35 (Spring 2016)'' pages 11-17. For details of how to access this article, see [[FIBIS Journals]]. Sarah (Sallie) Maria Round worked as a Missionary Nurse with the All Saints Sisters, mainly in the Bombay Presidency, but latterly at Peshawar, receiving the medal in 1946.==External links==*The kidnapping of Mollie Ellis from [[Kohat]] cantonment by Afridi tribesmen from the Khyber Pass region 14 April 1923 and the rescue expedition which included Mrs Lilian Starr matron at the [[Peshawar]] Mission Hospital. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111103080544/http://michaelelambert.com/main/pdf/The_Kidnapping_of_Mollie_Ellis_by_Afridi_Tribesmem-Michael_E_Lambert%20_C_.pdf "The Kidnapping of Mollie Ellis by Afridi Tribesmen" by Michael E Lambert], now archived. [http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/?p=3641 Article from Lookandlearn.com], [http://www.flickr.com/photos/13305961@N00/4946412546/ Photographs] from the Illustrated London News (26 May 1923 pages 894-895 ) Flickr.com. An account of her rescue mission ''Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet'' by Lilian A Starr, published 1924 is available to read online on [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100747 Archive.org].*Mrs Adela Cottle (born Adela Collins) (1861-1940) She was active in the St John Ambulance Brigade and the Red Cross in Calcutta, for over forty years, particularly during World War 1 and the post war period. Her awards included [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire CBE], and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar-i-Hind Kaisar-i-Hind] silver medal in 1915 <ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/indianbiographic00raoc#page/22/mode/2up page 23 of the Appendix, ''The Indian Biographical Dictionary'' 1915]. Edited by C. Hayavadana Rao Archive.org. There was also an obituary in ''The Times'' [London] dated 22 February 1940.</ref>*[http://greatwarnurses.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/miss-loch-and-indian-nursing-service.html Miss Loch and the Indian Nursing Service] greatwarnurses.blogspot.co.uk. (See also Historical books online section below for memoir)*[https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960820920128 "Historical Trajectory of Men in Nursing in India"] by Sathish Kumar Jayapal and Judie Arulappan, first published May 13, 2020. Male nurses were permitted from 1939 in Madras Presidency.*WW2 [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/26/a1307026.shtml Wartime Memories of a Nurse] by Kitty Calcutt. Includes a posting to 3 B.M.N.S.U. British Mobile Neuro-Surgical Unit. Number 3 at [[Comilla|Camilla]], which treated soldiers from the Burma frontline. bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar
===Historical books online===
*Editions of ''The British Journal of Nursing'', ranging from Volume 44, January 1910 to Volume 69, July 1922 (broken range) are available on the website [http://archive.org/search.php?query=british%20Journal%20of%20Nursing%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts Archive.org]. Also see [[Nurse#Journals|Journals, above]]. Some examples of articles:
**[http://archive.org/stream/britishjournalnu55londuoft#page/116/mode/2up Award of the Kaiser-i Hind medal to Miss AJ Weighall] page 116 ''The British Journal of Nursing'' Volume 55 July 1915-December 1915
**''The British Journal of Nursing'' Volume 61 July 1918-December 1918
***[http://archive.org/stream/britishjournalof61londuoft#page/114/mode/2up/ page 114] mentions hospitals in Bombay, and includes a photograph of Sisters at the J J Hospital.
***[http://archive.org/stream/britishjournalof61londuoft#page/142/mode/2up/ pages 142-143] include the award of the Kaiser-i Hind medal to Miss Charlotte Richmond Mill, Matron St Georges’ Hospital Bombay, with photograph.
***[http://archive.org/stream/britishjournalof61londuoft#page/152/mode/1up page 152] "Gallant Service in Mesopotamia".
*[https://archive.org/details/jstor-3401905 "The Indian Army Nursing Service"] by A. Arkle ''The American Journal of Nursing'' Vol. 2, No. 9, June, 1902, pages 652-655 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/jstor-3402194 "The Work of the Indian Army Nursing Service"] by Miss Watt ''The American Journal of Nursing'' Volume 3, No 2 November 1902, pages 93-96 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/jstor-3402675 ''Nursing in Mission Stations in India''] ''The American Journal of Nursing'' May 1907 pages 626-627 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/jstor-3407933 "Nursing in India'"] by Wilhemina Noordyk ''The American Journal of Nursing'' February 1921 pages 296-299 Archive.org
*''A Memoir, by Catharine Grace Loch, Royal Red Cross, Senior Lady Superintendent Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing Service for India'' (published 1905) [http://www.archive.org/details/catharinegracel01bradgoog Archive.org Full View]
*''Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services, 1914–1918'' ''Volume III'' : ''Special Problems and Services'' by Colonel A G Butler published 1943. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.211415/page/n627 Pages 567-571] cover Australian nurses in India. Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection.
*"Australian Nurses in India 1916-1919". Scroll to page 124, ''With Horse and Morse in Mesopotamia: The Story of Anzacs in Asia'' edited by Keast Burke 1927. NZsappers.org.nz has two digital files/series, the first contains some digital pages which are of very poor quality. The second series of files from nzsappers.org.nz: [https://www.nzsappers.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Pages-1-70.pdf Pages 1-70], [https://www.nzsappers.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Pages-71-132.pdf pages 71-132]; [https://www.nzsappers.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Pages-133-206.pdf pages 133-206]. Also includes nominal rolls at the back of the book. Includes a list of the main WW1 '''hospitals''' in India. nzsappers.org.nz.
*[https://archive.org/details/IanHay1951ArmyNursing ''One Hundred Years of Army Nursing : The Story of the British Army Nursing Service from the time of Florence Nightingale to the present day''] by John Hay Beith 1953 Archive.org
**[https://archive.org/stream/IanHay1951ArmyNursing#page/n253/mode/2up "Part Three: The Second World War: Far East: Burma"] page 246
:[https://archive.org/details/sistersinarmsbri0000tyre_y2h3/mode/2up ''Sisters in Arms : British Army Nurses Tell Their Story''] by Nicola Tyrer 2008. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Second World War. Includes
:*[https://archive.org/details/sistersinarmsbri0000tyre_y2h3/page/254/mode/2up India and Burma] page 255
:[https://archive.org/details/joyceswarsecondw0000parr ''Joyce's War : the Second World War Journal of a Queen Alexandra Nurse]'' by Joyce Ffoulkes Parry, edited by Rhiannon Evans 2015. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. She served on a troop ship, a hospital ship and in land hospitals in Alexandria and Calcutta 1940-1944.
==Notes==
# The [[British Library]] has a copy of this book. You can [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6417940&referer=brief_results search for a Library] which has it, or see [http://books.google.com/books?id=PayPGQAACAAJ Google Books' No Preview link].
# The book is only available in [http://books.google.com/books?id=pndtAAAAMAAJ Snippet View Google Books] but is available full view here on the website [http://www.archive.org/detailsstream/historyofnursing00toolrich archive#page/336/mode/2up ''A History of Nursing in the British Empire''] by Sarah A. Southall Tooley (published 1906) has a section on India, pages 339-349. Archive.org].# Wilson's book is available at the BL and in snippet view on [http://books.google.com/books?id=1LAWAAAAMAAJ Google Books]. ==References==<references />
[[Category:Occupations]]
[[Category:Health]]
