29,525
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
*[http://www.confluence.mobi/blog/a-boer-in-bangalore/ "A Boer in Bangalore"] by Adam Yamey 14 September 2016 ''Confluence''. George Glaeser Munnik, a Boer Officer, was a POW at [[Trichinopoly]] and later [[Amritsar]]. During his stay in India he was able to visit Bangalore and the Kolar Gold Fields. He wrote an account ''A Boer in India'' published 1903. He subsequently became a Senator in South Africa.
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-x1q3J2Mm4 Ahmednagar: Fort: Boer and German POWs Held by the British] YouTube Video. Contains some cemetery images.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131127124539/http://www.filat.ch/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=1282 India 1902 Fort Govindgarh Censored Envelope With Letter] "The POW camp at Fort Govindargh was known as "The Hell" amongst the 1200 Boer prisoners kept there. The heat was oppressive and the Boers sometimes swam in the moat surrounding the fort. The water, however, was polluted and inevitably would give both the POWs and their guards typhoid fever. The camp was eventually closed on 10 December 1902". ([https://web.archive.org/web/20131127124539/http://www.filat.ch/index, now an archived webpage.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=1282 archive.org] link)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090807124745/http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5354208/Boer-prisoner-of-war-art.html Boer prisoner of war art] Extract of article by Fransjohan Pretorius in ''History Today'' 1 March 2006, now an archived webpage.
*[http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/time-to-settle-old-score-1.1201161?ot=inmsa.ArticlePrintPageLayout.ot Time to settle old score] 20 December 20 2011. iol.co.za. Contains reference to the playing of cricket in the camps, particularly in Ceylon, and contains a photograph of the Ahmednagar Boer Cricket Club in India who "played frequently against their British guards". ([https://web.archive.org/web/20131127125028/http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/time-to-settle-old-score-1.1201161?ot=inmsa.ArticlePrintPageLayout.ot archive.org] link)
*[http://www.geni.com/projects/Anglo-Boere-Oorlog-Boer-War-1899-1902-POW-Saint-Helena/14301 Anglo Boere Oorlog/Boer War (1899-1902) POW Saint Helena] geni.com
:[http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol113an.html "Boer prisoners of war on the Island of St Helena"] by A J Nathan. ''Military History Journal'' Vol 11 No 3/4 - October 1999. The South African Military History Society.
:*Article [https://web.archive.org/web/20120724205739/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/travel/island-of-no-return/story-e6frg8rf-1226424604109 "Island of no return"] ([[St. Helena]]) by Gavin Bell ''Weekend Australian 14 July 2012'' Travel and Indulgence section, page 1 briefly says "Nothing remains of a prisoner-of-war camp on a high plateau where 6000 Afrikaners were held during the Boer War, but the graves of 156 who never saw their homeland again are carefully tended on a steep hillside. Two granite obelisks bearing their names stand as a memorial ...". Now an archived webpage.
*Details of [http://www.pey.co.za/site/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=flypage-ask.tpl&product_id=9&category_id=1&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=1&vmcchk=1&Itemid=1 ''The Anglo-Boer War Diaries of Jan Geldenhuys''] Includes the period from April 1902 when he was captured and sent as a prisoner of war to Umballa, where his experiences till 20th November 1902, were documented. He later met up with his father and brother who were POW’s at Bhimtal. The diaries were originally written in High Dutch. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20131127124258/http://www.pey.co.za/site/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=flypage-ask.tpl&product_id=9&category_id=1&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=1&vmcchk=1&Itemid=1 archive.org] link)
====Historical books online====
*[http://grandeguerre.icrc.org
Prisoners Of The First World War-
ICRC Historical Archives]. International Committee of the Red Cross. Includes a free Search facility. Retrieved 4 August 2014
** The International Prisoners-of-War Agency. The ICRC in World War One. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/icrc_002_0937.pdf html version], [http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/icrc_002_0937.pdf pdf] An eleven page 2007 document setting out the type of records available. Retrieved 4 August 2014
*[https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=8DF1E713C2B47BF5!568&ithint=file%2cpdf&app=WordPdf&authkey=!AEkNEeEoAkHHztY Finding Aid: Foreign Office Files (FO 383) at the National Archives: Regarding Military & Civilian Prisoners of War: List of Files and Contents: 1915-1919]. Compiled September 2014 by seaforths<ref> seaforths [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/forumstopic/index.php?showtopic=218552&hl= -foreign-office-files-on-pows-fo-383/ "Foreign Office Files on POWs (FO 383)"] ''Great War Forum'' 30 September 2014. Retrieved 30 13 September 20142019.</ref> Contains a FIND (Search) function. onedrive.live.com. Retrieved 30 September 2014. Contains references such as
**Reference: FO 383/20 1915. Description: Germany: Prisoners, including: Correspondence regulations at Ahmednagar, India: includes printed copy of Memorandum issued by the Adjutant General in India (in docket no.147691).
**Reference: FO 383/436 1918 Description: Germany: Prisoners, including: Lists (in docket nos. 97151 and 109002) of German civilians transferred from East Africa to camps at Ahmednagar and Belgaum, India, with printed correspondence relating to individual cases.
*The POW Camp at [[Belgaum]] is mentioned in the entry for 6 April 1918 from [http://web.archive.org/web/20040407134248/http://home.clara.net/nhpendall/fpdiary.htm The Diary of Frederick Pendall], a member of the Norfolk regiment who was in Belgaum from March 1917 to March 1918 (archived website)
*[http://grandeguerre.icrc.org/en/PostCards/gb Postcards of British Camps] includes two of Ahmednagar. grandeguerre.icrc.org. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
*[http://www.stampcommunity.org/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=20627 Postcard to Germany from Ahmednagar POW camp 1919] stampcommunity.org. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20131128053807/http://www.stampcommunity.org/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=20627 archivePostcard to Germany from Ahmednagar POW camp 1919] stampcommunity.org] link), now an archived webpage.
*[http://www.gaebler.info/2014/07/tucher-3/ Ahmednagar] from ''German Missions in British India Nationalism: Case and Crisis in Missions'' by Paul von Tucher 1980. From the website "Gaebler info and Genealogy" section Indien
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120313145717/http://gaebler.info/politik/indien-1.htm Reports of Germans about the time of the First World War in British India] Includes two reports concerning Ahmednager, and reports from missionaries in the camps. In German language, with [https://translate.google.com.au/translate?sl=de&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120313145717%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fgaebler.info%2Fpolitik%2Findien-1.htm&edit-text=&act=url Google Translate English version], or Google Chrome provides an automatic translation. From the website "Gaebler info and Genealogy", section Indien.
*[http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3072/ ''Prisoners of war and civilian internees captured by British and Dominion forces from the German colonies during the First World War''] by Mahon Murphy. A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, July 2014. The references to India appear to be minor, but Ahmednagar is mentioned on pages 59 and 67, and Belgaum is also mentioned on page 59. There is a map, which includes camps in India and Ceylon, on page 7, with a description on page 9.
*Turkish POWs at [[Deolali]] are mentioned in [http://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j36/nurses.asp Reading between unwritten lines: Australian Army nurses in India, 1916-19] by Ruth Rae. Australian War Memorial website. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20131020125644/https://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j36/nurses.asp archive.org] link)
**From notes in the Australian Archives regarding 34 Welsh General Hospital in Deolali : Sister Alma L. Bennett, Matron in 1917, said: ‘containing 3000 beds – 4 hrs train journey from Bombay'. ... Our cases were all from Mesopotamia – some direct – others individually coming from various Bombay Hospitals… We also had 200 Turkish Prisoners of War, almost all Surgical cases, some with shocking wounds – septic.’ Matron Gertrude Davis said: ‘When we became a P. of W. hospital our number of beds was increased to 700, 200 for British and 500 for prisoners as later we had the German prisoners from East Africa also an occasional one from Mespot’. <ref> Great War Forum kjharris. [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/forumstopic/112227-concentration-camp-_-deolali/index.php?showtopicdo=112227findComment&pcomment=2022171 postConcentration Camp Deolali] by 'KateH'Great War Forum'' dated 23 January 2014, part of a thread 'Concentration Camp Deolali'. Retrieved 13 September 2019. </ref>*Turkish POWS on the ship S.S. Ellenga in Bombay Harbour in late December 1915 are mentioned in a poem written by Rifleman John Layton of the 18th Battalion, Rifle Brigade, who wrote "Those barbarious Turkish brutes, who looked a deplorable sight. They were dirty and covered with vermin, dying like rotten sheep"<ref>stiletto_33853 [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/forumstopic/index.php?showtopic=53333 -18th-rifle-brigade/ 18th Rifle Brigade] ''Great War Forum '' 30 May 2006 et al. Retrieved 8 December 201413 September 2019.</ref>*There was a POW Camp for Turkish prisoners at Kirkee<ref>Huw (Guest PJI777) . [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/topic/forums111506-kirkee-india-april-1919/index.php?showtopicdo=111506findComment&pcomment=2208175 Kirkee India April 1919] ''Great War Forum '' 4 January 2015]. Retrieved 15 January 201513 September 2019.</ref>. An image of an tobacco tin was seen, with the inscription Prisoners of War Camp Kirkee India 1914-1918 A V Lawes 62515 8th Welch Pioneers<ref>[http://www.auctiva.com/hostedimages/showimage.aspx?gid=1896211&image=757901935&images=757901756,757901767,757901778,757901792,757901803,757901810,757901818,757901826,757901830,757901920,757901929,757901935,757901941,757901951,757901964,757901967,757901976,757901984,757902082,757902089,757902095,757902102,757902110,757902115&formats=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0&format=0 Image of tobacco tin] inscribed Prisoners of War Camp Kirkee India 1914-1918 A V Lawes 62515 8th Welch Pioneers. Retrieved 15 January 2015, but no longer available.</ref>, perhaps indicating the camp was in operation throughout the war.*British Library India Office Records catalogue entry [http://hviewersearcharchives.bl.uk/IamsHViewerprimo_library/libweb/action/Defaultsearch.aspxdo?mdarkmenuitem=0&fromTop=true&fromPreferences=false&fromEshelf=false&vid=ark:/81055/vdc_100000001177.0x0002f6 ORIAMS_VU2 Search] result IOR/L/PJ/6/1504, File 4110] includes a brief mention of Turkish War Prisoners Camp, Nowgong, Central India.
*[http://amitavghosh.com/blog/?p=4657 Turkish POWs in India and Burma: First World War, Part 1] by Vedica Kant September 14, 2012; [http://amitavghosh.com/blog/?p=4667 Part 2] September 17, 2012 amitavghosh.com
*[http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2012/12/world-war-indian-soldiers-prisoners.html "Indian Soldiers and POWs in the Middle East during World War I"] by Vedica Kant, Robert Upton, and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 86 (December 21, 2012) “ In this podcast, Vedica Kant talks about the experience of Indian POWs in the Ottoman Empire as well as that of Ottoman soldiers captured by the British army and brought to India and Burma, with additional commentary by Robert Upton regarding military recruitment in British India...” Webpage contains images of prisoners at Bellary and Thayetmyo. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20131114003647/http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2012/12/world-war-indian-soldiers-prisoners.html archive.org] link)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140327035305/http://www.turkishreview.org/tr/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=223337 The history hidden in Haydarpaşa Cemetery] by Vedika Kant 01 August 2013. turkishreview.org, now an archived webpage. Includes a section on the Thayetmyo POW camp
==Second World War==
The Prisoners-of-war were interned in India in 29 camps forming 6 Groups of camps. In addition, there were two Civil Internment Camps at Dehradun and Deoli and one camp in Delhi for the Japanese prisoners captured in Burma.
Some 18,400 Italian prisoners of war (out of 50,000 requested by the Australian Government, to be employed as farm labourers) were transported from India to Australia from 1943. Some of the [Italian?] POWs in India were shipped to South Africa to help build the railway there.<ref>[http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/08/19/italian-pows-helped-grow-australia Italian POWs helped grow Australia] 26 August 2013 SBS News [Special Broadcasting Service] Television and Radio, Australia, quoting Gianfranco Cresciani, author of ''The Italians in Australia''</ref><ref>Francesco Barbera was an Italian POW captured in North Africa in 1941, who spent a few years In India. He was sent to Australia in 1943 where he spent time in POW camps in Liverpool, Cowra, Tumut and St Ives, now a suburb of Sydney. Article in [http://newslocal.newspaperdirect.com/epaper/showlink.aspx?bookmarkid=HJLFMSXUDVY5&preview=magnifier&linkid=72862f0e-f12b-4af6-966c-fce95321c288&pdaffid=flTgD0N%2bsncNlRju4zoiMw%3d%3d the Sydney suburban newspaper ''North Shore Times'' 25 April 2014, page 11], (previously available online).</ref><ref>[http://www.army.gov.au/~/media/Files/Our%20history/AAHU/Primary%20Materials/Post%20War%20and%20Korea%201946-1953/Documents/History%20Directorate%20of%20Prisoners%20of%20War%20and%20Internees%201939%20to%201951%20Part%20Two.pdf Part II: Administration of Enemy Prisoners of War] File from army.gov.au</ref>
*Group I – [[Bangalore]]: Camps 1 to 8 - Italian prisoners. There were Camps at Jakkur, Hebbal and Jalahalli.<ref>[https://aturquoisecloud.wordpress.com/2011/07/07/pensioners-paradise-or-pow-camp/ Pensioner’s Paradise or POW Camp ?] by Aliyeh Rizvi, July 7, 2011</ref>
*Group II – Bhopal: Camps 9 to 16 – Italian prisoners. Camp 16 was a hospital. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhopal_Bairagarh Bhopal Bairagarh] (Wikipedia)
