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*[http://myphilately.com/fil_view.php?file_id=61062&t=science&tfr= First Day cover: Indo-European Telegraph Line- centenary] 9 November 1967. It is not clear what event occurred 9 November 1867.
→Historical books online
Also known as '''Posts and Telegraphs Department'''.
[[Image:Tea district post and telegraph office.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Tea District Post and Telegraph Department photographed by Samuel Cleland Davidson]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_in_India Communications in India] Wikipedia
*[http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/dnRqhS9tSxkvxMEJx3xh7H/The-telegram-is-dying.html The telegram is dying] by Shruti Chakraborty and Sidin Vadukut 27 September 2008. livemint.com Includes history and details about William Brooke O’Shaughnessy
*[https://blogs.bl.uk/untoldlives/2019/03/telephone-map-of-india-1934-.html "Telephone Map of India 1934"] British Library Untold lives blog 21 March 2019.
===Historical books online===
*[http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2013/2777 ''An outline of postal history and practice with a history of post office of India''] by Ivie George Joseph Hamilton 1910 . Download from Heidelberg University Digital Repository South Asian Studies. Also available [https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.04961/page/1/mode/2up Archive.org], mirror from Ministry of Culture/National Library of India, but note some pages near the front of the book, together with pages 129-174 are '''missing''' in the latter version.
*[http://archive.org/stream/postofficeofindi00claruoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''The Post Office of India and its Story]'' by Geoffrey Clarke, Indian Civil Service 1921 Archive.org. “With sixteen illustrations”
*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012679548#page/n7/mode/2up ''The Post Office of India in the Great War''] edited by H.A. Sams 1922 Archive.org. [http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012679548#page/n11/mode/2up Contents]
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.109885/page/n5 '' Indian Postal Guide'' [October 1907<nowiki>]</nowiki>] Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection.
*[http://archive.org/stream/postofficemanual025168mbp#page/n1/mode/2up ''Post Office Manual Volume V: Appendices containing Special Supplementary Rules and Regulations'']. Published under the authority of the Director-General of the Post Office of India Third edition 1908 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/unicodeuniversa00unkngoog/page/n11 ''"Unicode": The Universal Telegraphic Phrase-book. A Code of Cypher Words for Commercial, Domestic and Familiar Phrases in ordinary use in inland and foreign telegrams, with a list of prominent commercial firms who are Unicode users''] 6th edition 1889 Archive.org
:Probable [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.548621/page/n1 1903 edition], (although not cataloged as such) Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection. Generally poor quality print.
:[http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-412337031 ''Henry S. King & Co.'s Hand book for homeward-bound travellers from India, Australia and the East''] 1893 National Library of Australia. Includes the [http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-412337031/view?partId=nla.obj-412339007#page/n12/mode/1up telegraph code] to be used, (from page 12) as words or phrases more than ten letters are charged double.
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.199750/mode/2up ''Word Code For Foreign State Telegrams, compiled for the Government of India. Part II-Code Phrase''] by J H Lane Indian Government Telegraph Department. 4th Edition prepared under the direction of J J Allen. Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.115584/page/n3/mode/2up Another file, easier to read in parts] but some pages towards the back are scanned/printed upside down. Archive.org. Elsewhere 4th edition was published 1903 (3rd edition 1890 in two volumes Part 1 Phrase, Code]
:Article [http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~CS4HS/talks/codebooks.pdf "Compression, Correction, Confidentiality, and Comprehension: A Look at Telegraph Codes"] by Steven M. Bellovin "Preliminary version – March 25, 2009". cs.columbia.edu
:Article [https://www.jmcvey.net/cable/government/index.htm government and colonial administration codes] jmcvey.net
===Indo-European Telegraph===
[[Image:Telegraph Office, Calcutta.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Telegraph Office , Calcutta]]
====Indo-European Telegraph Department====
*[httphttps://wwwiranicaonline.iranica.comorg/articles/indo-european-telegraph-department Indo-European Telegraph Department in Iran] Encyclopaedia Iranica. Construction commenced 1863. While the IETD was an autonomous department for much of its existence, between February 1888 and April 1893, it was under direct auspices of the Director General of Indian Telegraphs. The IETD was dissolved in March 1931. There was significant intermarriage with Iranian Armenians.** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070626152039/http://www.sis.org.uk/bulletin/92/Packer.pdf "Scientific Instrument with a Story to Tell" ] by John Packer ''Bulletin of the Scientific Instruments Society'' No. 92 (2007), pages 17-18. [http://docsnow an archived webpage.google*An India List post indicates the IETD was sold to Cable and Wireless in 1931.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Cf2W-vME38AJ:wwwAlso includes some names of employees c 1930.sis<ref>Fuller, Tony.org.uk/bulletin/92/Packer.pdf+British+Raj+Telegraph+Baghdad&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShGH8XAHtbY8D0csv7zFY5xPGhGTwFY9zHWU_E2naeRgl8WfV2OKVL8ea4XonbuVzCiGvUz6yvZdrUM_yuw1TZLaoGycOJlai7bnhKy0K9K_oX84t-rF1tw8VjcrX0qGD6xbxQ1&sig=AHIEtbQp2F9jb0L6nPbTQs2Tlyi46CFweA html version], [httphttps://wwwweb.sisarchive.org.uk/bulletinweb/9220210118234728/Packer.pdf original pdf]*This India List [httphttps://archivermlarchives.rootsweb.ancestry.com/thlistindexes/read/INDIA/2012emails?listname=india&thread=786045 Photograph with a lot of names -08/1344195424 postIETD Station at Bushire, 1930] indicates the IETD was sold to Cable and Wireless in 1931.''Rootsweb India List'' 5 August 2012, now archived</ref>
*[http://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1859SuezKarachi/index.htm 1859 Suez - Aden - Karachi Cable] atlantic-cable.com
**HMS Retribution assisted in laying the first submarine telegraph cable to India, in the section between Karachi and Aden in 1859.[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924026424196#page/n177/mode/2up ''Memories of the Sea'', page 155] by Admiral Penrose Fitzgerald 1913 Archive.org
*[http://atlantic-cable.com/CableCos/TelegraphIsland/index.htm Telegraph Island The Indo-European Telegraph 1863-65] atlantic-cable.com
**[http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-29761017 The hardship posting to end all hardship postings] by Matthew Teller 24 October 2014. The telegraph station on Jazirat Al-Maqlab (Maqlab Island), now known as Telegraph Island. bbc.com/news
*India Office Records at the [[British Library]] [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=059-iorlpwd&cid=1-7#1-7 Indo-European Telegraph Department '''IOR/L/PWD/7'''] 1865-1931
*[https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266157 ''The formation of the Indo-European telegraph line : Britain, the Ottoman Empire and Persia 1855-1865''] by Suliman Shahvar 1997 Thesis (Ph.D.) School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London), British Library EThOS (Electronic Theses Online Service) :[https://www.irannamag.com/en/article/سیم-نفاق-انگلیس،-خط-تلگراف-هندواروپا-و/ "Wires of Discord: England, the Indo-European Telegraph Line and Ottoman-Iranian Border Conflicts"] by Soli Shahvar, ''Iran Namag'' Volume 1, Number 1, Spring 2016. Article In Persian with [https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.irannamag.com/en/article/سیم-نفاق-انگلیس،-خط-تلگراف-هندواروپا-و/ Google Translate English version] , or if link is unstable use [https://translate.google.com.au Google Translate].
=====Historical books online=====
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3ZgvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA208 "Report on the line of Telegraph from Ras Jashk to Basrah"] by Lieutenant A. W. Stiffe, Indian Navy. (Read before the Society, March 17th, 1864), page 208 ''Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society, Volume 17, January 1863 to December 1864'' Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/telegraphandtra04goldgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''Telegraph and Travel: a narrative of the formation and development of telegraphic communication between England and India, under the orders of Her Majesty's government, with incidental notices of the countries traversed by the lines''] by Frederic John Goldsmid, late Chief Director of the Government Indo-European Telegraph 1874 . [https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.78382/mode/2up File 1, easier to read] Archive.org, Asiatic Society of Mumbai, Granth Sanjeevani Collection. [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.8017/page/n1/mode/2up File 2, with Map and perhaps better images] Archive.org, mirror from Central Secretariat Library, Government of India. [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.8017/page/n17/mode/1up Map]
====The Indo-European Telegraph Company====
*[httphttps://wwwiranicaonline.iranica.comorg/articles/indo-european-telegraph-company Indo-European Telegraph Company] (iranica.comEncyclopaedia Iranica) was privately owned and operated by the Siemens Company. Telegrams along this route commenced from India to London in January 1870
*[http://atlantic-cable.com/CableCos/Indo-Eur/index.htm The Indo-European Telegraph Company] by Steven Roberts Also includes brief information about the Indo-European Telegraph Department atlantic-cable.com
*[https://insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol26_3_3_AKarbelashvili.pdf "Europe-India Telegraph “Bridge” via the Caucasus" ] by Andre Karbelashvili ''Indian Journal of History of Science 26 (3) 1991'' ,pages 277-281 . Alternatively from [httphttps://docsinsa.googlenic.comin/UI/viewer?a=v&q=cacheArchivesection.aspx Archives at Indian National Science Academy Journals], or [https:pksIrogONZgJ:www//web.newarchive.dliorg/web/20200728142811/https://insa.ernetnic.in/rawdatauploadwritereaddata/uploadUpLoadedFiles/insaIJHS/Vol26_3_3_AKarbelashvili.pdf archived version].*[https:/INSA_1/20005ac0_277www.istampgallery.pdf+Indocom/indo-European+Telegraph&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShtxjwfrd1x_leBIeuropean-su18ieytDcM63JeJ6FUA4nE11vh6m2BxnZDtelegraph-aI72c02aline-En7centenary/ A Commemorative postage stamp on the Centenary of the Indo-hGHomSSLeTVFd5SNL4yZifEuropean Telegraph Service] issued 9 November 1967. istampgallery.com. This stamp probably relates to the foundation of the Indo-ng_Np4CIZ9zuhcGHOxgQix4bn8eczDCKeZhpVk8deG5mwf&sig=AHIEtbQADc_S_biDpSq2w909i0wn_JThfw html version]European Telegraph Company, or commencement of construction of it's line. Image of First Day cover.<ref>[httphttps://wwwweb.newarchive.dli.ernet.inorg/rawdatauploadweb/upload20210125212854/insahttps:/INSA_1/20005ac0_277www.pdf original pdfcollectorbazar.com/item/india-first-day-cover-indo-european-telegraph-line-centenary-1967-f1037-123753/ Image of First Day cover, Centenary of the Indo-European Telegraph Service]collectorbazar.com, archived.</ref>
==== Bombay - Aden – Suez Cable====
*[http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1870BritishIndian/index.htm 1870 British - Indian Cable (Bombay - Aden - Suez)] by Bill Glover atlantic-cable.com. The British-Indian Submarine Telegraph Company.**[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/documents-reveal-contents-of-the-first-telegraph-message-between-india-england/articleshow/11976488.cms Documents reveal contents of the first telegraph message between India & England] via thousands of km of cables laid below the seas, on 23 June, 1870. economictimes.indiatimes.com Feb 22, 2012.
===Records===
*Birth/baptismal certificates in Indian Telegraph Department candidates' application papers 1865-1869 '''IOR/L/PWD/8/6'''
*Also see '''[[L/F/10 Records of Service 1702-1928]]'''
*[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=IAMS036-000128340&indx'''Civil Lists IOR/V/13'''], V13/246-276. 1866 to c 1954. A researcher found a December 1929 death in ''Civil Lists Indian Posts and Telegraph Department May 1930 to April 1932'', IOR V/13/260. This death was not recorded in the records on [[findmypast]].
===Individuals===
*[http://atlantic-cable.com/CablePioneers/Stewart/index.htm Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Stewart, R.E. Director-General of the Indo-European Telegraph] atlantic-cable.com<br>
:As part of the Telegraph Department, he played a significant role in the Indian Mutiny. He left England, at the close of 1863, to superintend the laying of the Indo-European sea-cable along the coast of Beloochistan and Persia. He died 16 January 1865 having just accomplished the most difficult part of his task by the completion of the telegraphic line from Bagdad, to Bushire.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170112124813/http://www.kilmarnockacademy.co.uk/famousrsmith.htm Major-General Sir Robert Murdoch Smith 1835-1900] an officer in the Royal Engineers who was seconded at the time to work on the development of the Persian telegraph, and became its Director. kilmarnockacademy.co.uk, now an archived page.
*"John Isaacson of Exning, Persia and India" by Tony Fuller and Jenny Law [[FIBIS Journals|''FIBIS Journal Number 3 (Spring 2000)'']]. FIBIS members may read this article online.
:John Isaacson, who at the time was described as a "Sergeant, RE", arrived in Persia on 11 November 1863 and was posted to the Persian section of the IETD. He died in Bushire in 1892.
*'[https://web.archive.org/web/20180215205742/https://dandadec.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/edward-graves1.pdf "A chronological biography of Edward Graves" ] of the IETD, murdered 2 December 1897 [http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:cqHn52lf-CUJ:www. dandadec, an archived page.co.uk/page2/files/T%2520GravesE%2520Bio.pdf+%22Royal+Engineers%22+Tehran&hl=en&gl=au&pidReferences=bl&srcid=ADGEESiqv-7kNGtwedSeSqLp5fOUik6mLByVaJJ-lWSpA5WBsW7trXrQcx26gudZ01NAiMzbhHLvXPPtloX1RWW9H3cFFVuGNJBtZK1bSxqgBN1m6t5FolZjBQ47WTv4EHPsrXsoZGV0&sig=AHIEtbQPQhCDoUduAlD1IbIfcF5wXX1L0g html version], [http:<references//www.dandadec.co.uk/page2/files/T%20GravesE%20Bio.pdf original pdf] dandadec.co.uk>
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