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Afyonkarahisar was used as a prison camp from early 1915 both officers and men being kept in houses, rather than in a proper camp with barbed wire around it. The first prisoners there were Russians, joined in early 1915 by officers and men from the French navy. From late April onwards, there was a small but steady flow of sailors and soldiers captured during the Gallipoli Campaign. Later, there were some prisoner captured at Kut in Iraq sent to the camp and other officers captured in Egypt, Syria and Jordan.<ref>Eceabat [Bill Sellars] [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.com/forums/index.php?org/topic/89524-turkish-pows-and-pows-in-afyonkarahisar/&?do=findComment&comment=841330 Turkish POW's and POW's in AfyonKarahisar] ''Great War Forum'' 19 January , 2008. Retrieved 16 October 201619 June 2018.</ref>

There were camps in Kastamonu, Eskisehir, Capadoccia, Cankiri, Afion, Sivas, Yozgat, Hacikiri, Belemedik.<ref>Dogan Sahin [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/topic/forums1226-kut-pow/index.php?showtopicdo=1226findComment&pcomment=847997 Kut POW] ''Great War Forum'' 28 January 2008. Retrieved 20 April 201519 June 2018..</ref>

A map additionally mentions camps in the Taurus Mountains at Tchekerdere, Iola and Karapunar.<ref>michaldr. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170610062418/http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?/topic/238776-kut-surrender/&dopage=findComment&2#comment=-2434850 Kut Surrender] ''Great War Forum'' 17 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 201619 June 2018. The source of the map is given as index30.jpg from Gallipoli – DVD from ''Mapping the Front'' Great War Map DVD Collection by The Western Front Association (in conjunction with the Imperial War Museum}</ref> The railway line extended to Karapunar before the war. Karapunar appears to be near to Belemedik, or one source advises it was the earlier name for Belemedik.<ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/39631091@N03/6786473244 Photograph and text: Belemedik, Ruins of the "German city"] by Gunter Hartnagel flickr.com. The railway station Karapınar was opened in 1912. Even by then, the site was called Belemedik.</ref>

The section between Bagtsche and Airan –Entilli was at kilometres “485,800-502,800”<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/geologiekleinasi00frec#page/50/mode/2up/search/Bagtsche Page 50] ''Geologie Kleinasiens im Bereich der Bagdadbahn'' by Fritz Frech 1916 Archive.org</ref>. William Fratel of the Indian Subordinate Medical Department, who had been captured at Kut, was court-martialled in England in 1919 for his actions at Bagtsche.<ref>IPT [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/forumstopic/index.php?showtopic=233239&hl= -kut-cruelty-william-fratel/ Kut Cruelty - William Fratel] ''Great War Forum'' 5 November 2015. Retrieved 6 November 201519 June 2018.</ref>

Timbob1001 [Tim] [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/forumstopic/219723-bombardier-a-n-christison-indian-volunteer-artillery/index.php?showtopicdo=219723findComment&pcomment=2322783 Bombardier A N Christison Indian Volunteer Artillery] ''Great War Forum'' 26 October 2015. Retrieved 26 October 201519 June 2018.</ref> Eskichehir and Konia were camps for Indian officers only. <ref> [https://archive.org/stream/prisonerinturkey00stiluoft#page/xx/mode/2up/search/Indian Page xx] ''A Prisoner in Turkey'' by John Still 1920 Archive.org.</ref>

There was a camp at Smyrna, which was used as an repatriation camp c September-October 1918.<ref>JoMH et al. [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/topic/forums149375-smyrna/index.php?showtopicdo=149375findComment&pcomment=1447757 Smyrna] ''Great War Forum'' 26 27 July 2010. Retrieved 27 February 201619 June 2018.</ref>

A POW Museum has now been established at '''Afionkarahissar''' in the main (namazgah-chapel) section of the Madrasa<ref> Sahin, Dogan [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/forumstopic/227884-henry-james-harding-pow-held-by-the-turkish-army/index.php?showtopicdo=227884findComment&pcomment=2265886 Henry James Harding POW held by the Turkish Army] ''Great War Forum'' 23 May 2015. Retrieved 14 19 June 20152018.</ref>

*Eskichehir*Karapunar, Karapinar (Taurus Mountains). *Kastamuni, Kastamouni, Kastamonu, Castamuni , Castamouni, Castamonu, Castamoni, Castamowni *Kiangri, Kangri, Changri, Çankırı, Cankiri, Cangara. Situated approximately mid-way between Ankara and the internment centre at Kastamuni (Kastamonu)<ref name =Nor>"Captivity in Turkey: from the diaries of Lieutenant Colonel Francis Cecil Lodge Part 2: January-December 1917", refer External links above.</ref>*Konia, Konya

*Tasch Durmas,Tasch Dumas. A work camp in the Amanus Mountains.*Tel-Hafer, Tal Afar. 50-60 km west of Mosul in Mesopotamia (Iraq).* Yarbashi, Yarbachi, Yarbaschi, Zarbaschi. A work camp in the Amanus Mountains. ==Repatriation, before the end of the war, and after==*There were two exchanges of PoWs with the Turkish in Mesopotamia in 1916.<ref>charlie962. [https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/269413-mespot-pow-exchanges-in-1916/ Mespot- PoW exchanges in 1916] ''Great War Forum'' 30 January 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.</ref>*There was a release of seriously wounded men in Feb 1918 who passed via Constantinople to Switzerland then to England c Feb 1918. <ref>charlie962. [https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/276732-ssgt-jem-brunskill-ramc-was-he-a-turkish-pow/?do=findComment&comment=2820699 S/Sgt J.E.M Brunskill RAMC - was he a Turkish POW ?] ''Great War Forum'' 14 November 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.</ref>*There was a prisoner exchange program, based on medical criteria, almost at the end of the war. Men were selected from all over Turkey and were sent to Smyrna. John Still was one of those evacuated by ship on 1 November 1918. See his account ''A Prisoner in Turkey'' in Historical books online, below.*For the situation after the Armistice with Turkey on 30 October, 1918, see the account "How British Prisoners Left Turkey" by Lieutenant-Colonel E H Keeling, in Historical books online, below.:The situations in respect of Australian POWs, after the end of the war, is covered by Kate Ariotti in ''Coping With Captivity: Australian POWs of the Turks and the impact of imprisonment during the First World War'', in "Armistice and Homecoming", part of Chapter Six, page 195, refer External links, below. The most common evacuation route appears to have been by ship, from a Turkish port to Alexandria in Egypt, by another ship to Italy, (e.g. Brindisi or Tarranto), and then by train to Britain. (More details of the route.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200703014236/http://www.forcespostalhistorysociety.org.uk/journal_archive/journals-current---291/journal-300o.pdf "Overland Route to the East 1917-1919"] by Andrew Brooks ''Forces Postal History Society Journal'' No 300 Summer 2014, page 179, now an archived webpage. May be slow to open.</ref>) Some returned POWs from Turkey are mentioned in the ''Weekly Casualty List''s, see [[British Army#WW1 Casualty Lists|British Army - WW1 Casualty Lists]]. As an example ''Weekly Casualty List'' No. 82, 25th February 1919, page 7 contains some names. <ref>charlie962. [https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/276732-ssgt-jem-brunskill-ramc-was-he-a-turkish-pow/?do=findComment&comment=2820973 S/Sgt J.E.M Brunskill RAMC - was he a Turkish POW ?] ''Great War Forum'' 14 November 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019. [https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/194175362 ''Weekly Casualty List'' No. 82, 25th February 1919, page 7] National Library of Scotland.</ref>

Prisoners who died in captivity in Mosul, Mesopotamia are commemorated on the Memorial at Basra. It seems likely that none of the individual graves could be identified.<ref name=Mos> typandy. [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.com/forums/index.php?org/topic/246100-taken-prisoner-relieving-kut-and-died-either-in-turkey-or-at-mosul/&?do=findComment&comment=2477912 Taken prisoner relieving Kut and died either in Turkey or at Mosul.] ''Great War Forum'' 29 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 201619 June 2018.</ref>

*[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1918/nov/14/repatriation-of-prisoners-of-war Repatriation Of Prisoners Of War] Hansard HL Deb 14 November 1918. Includes “As regards Turkey, a considerable number of prisoners have already arrived in Egypt and other districts under our control’… “The bulk of these prisoners will be concentrated at Smyrna, and will be brought home via Italy and France as soon as possible”:[http://www.levantineheritage.com/note23.htm Diary of Grace Williamson Smyrna 1914-1920]. Includes October-November 1918 entries concerning repatriation of British POWs from Smyrna. levantineheritage.com:Also see personal accounts in [[Prisoners of the Turks (First World War)#Historical books online|Historical books online]], below.*Imperial War Museums [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1030007535 Catalogue entry: Private Papers of Colonel W C Spackman]: Ts memoir (331pp) covering his service as Regimental Medical Officer to the 48th Pioneers, 6th Indian Division in Mesopotamia, 1914 - 1915, at Kut during the siege, December 1915 - April 1916, and as a prisoner of war in Anatolia, 1916 – 1918. An edited version has been published, ''Captured at Kut, Prisoner of the Turks. The Great War Diaries of Colonel William W C Spackman''(available at the British Library UIN: BLL01014822005). [https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Captured_at_Kut_Prisoner_of_the_Turks/jAbMDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 Sample pages, Google Books]. :In August 1916 he was a prisoner in Mosul, Mesopotamia, where there were many deaths.<ref name=Mos/>

*[httpsForeign Office Files (FO 383) at the National Archives://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=8DF1E713C2B47BF5!568&ithint=file%2cpdf&app=WordPdf&authkey=!AEkNEeEoAkHHztY ** Finding Aid: Foreign Office Files (FO 383) at the National Archives: Regarding Military & Civilian Prisoners of War: List of Files and Contents: 1915-1919]. Compiled September 2014 by seaforthsof the Great War Forum, and now available as a pdf from that Forum.<ref> seaforths. [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/topic/forums218552-foreign-office-files-on-pows-fo-383/index.php?showtopicdo=218552findComment&hlcomment= "3074906 Foreign Office Files on POWs (FO 383)"] ''Great War Forum'' 30 September 201412 December 2021. Retrieved 10 February 201513 December 2021.</ref> Contains a FIND (Search) function. onedrive.live.com. Contains references such as "FO 383/090 1915 Description: Turkey: Prisoners, including…"

** Other records from FO 383 include catalogue entries [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C2617578 Turkey: prisoners FO 383/335], [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C2617695 Turkey: Prisoners FO 383/452] and FO 383/456 File 117571 (03/09/1918) Various lists: Nominal role of British Officers, Warrant Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, Men and Indian military personnel held at Afrion Kara Hissar, Kedos, Konia, and Magnesia in Turkey providing rank, name and unit/ship… 2. List of Assistant Surgeons of the Indian Medical Service: PoWs in Turkey. 3. List of Sub Assistant Surgeons of the Indian Medical Service; PoWs inTurkey…<ref>themonsstar . [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/forumstopic/114664-pows/index.php?showtopicdo=114664findComment&pcomment=1094884 POWs] ''Great War Forum'' 13 January 2009. Retrieved 1 August 201519 June 2018.</ref>:'''Note1''': [[Findmypast|findmypast]] has a dataset of records "Prisoners Of War 1715-1945" and a similar Browse dataset (both located in Armed forces & conflict/Regimental & service records) which contain selected records from FO 383, including some for Indian Army soldiers, together with some other records from The National Archives. Includes at leat least parts from FO 383/336, POWs in Turkey, 1917; FO 383/456, POWs in Turkey, 1918. Also includes AIR 1/892/204/5/697 "Lists of British prisoners of war in Turkey", the [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/record/browse?id=gbm%2fpow-gallip%2f13-0307_se-ab_1-2-23%2f00003 findmypast link] for the latter (must be signed in to findmypast), dated Feb-March 1915. This document also includes [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/record/browse?id=gbm%2fpow-gallip%2f13-0307_se-ab_1-2-23%2f00014 page 14] some deaths at Tache Kichla (or Tash Kishla) Hospital. This was at a military barracks in Constantinople.:'''Note 2''': FamilySearch has selected FO 383 images, [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/2537285 catalogue entry] viewable on a FamilySearch computer at a [[FamilySearch Centres|FamilySearch Centre]].

**[http://grandeguerre.icrc.org/en/List/3655166/699/50410/ R 50410-R 50508]. Also from this link scroll forward to the beginning of the file, which advises "C G1 E01-3.03 R 14246-14426 and R 50353 –R 50353–R 50508. PG britanniques en mains turques". The first series R 14246-14426 seem to be largely in respect of deaths, while the latter series are mainly Lists of Prisoners at Camps, from Croissant Rouge Ottoman. Includes Indian Army soldiers. Note: there appear to be some unrelated records included.

*Ancestry (pay website) contains the database "UK, British Officer Prisoners of War, 1914-1918"<ref>[http://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=4722 UK, British Officer Prisoners of War, 1914-1918] Ancestry</ref> (located in category Military) consisting of data transcribed from the 1919 publication ''List of British Officers Taken Prisoner in the Various Theatres of War Aug 1914 to Nov 1918'' <ref>[https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/list-of-british-officers-taken-prisoner-in-the-various-theatres-of-waraug-1914-to-nov-1918/ ''List of British Officers Taken Prisoner in the Various Theatres of War Aug 1914 to Nov 1918''] Reprint edition, Naval & Military Press</ref>, compiled from records kept by Messrs Cox & Co.'s Enquiry Office. Transcribed records from this source are also available in the findmypast database above "Prisoners Of War 1715-1945".*The British Library collection contains the book ''Çanakkale Muharebeleri'nin esirleri : ifadeler ve mektuplar = Prisoners of war at the Çanakkale Battles : testimonies and letters'' (in two volumes) by Ahmet Tetik, Y. Serdar Demirtaş, Sema Demirtaş. UIN: BLL01015395994 [http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?menuitem=0&fromTop=true&fromPreferences=false&fromEshelf=false&vid=BLVU1 Search the catalogue]. In Turkish and English. Contains Lists of prisoners taken at [[Gallipoli]] (Çanakkale) derived from records in Turkish Archives. (Sample pages.<ref> emrezmen. [https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/260865-allied-pow/?do=findComment&comment=2642881 Allied PoW] ''Great War Forum'' 6 May 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2019.</ref>)*Another Turkish language publication is ''Kralın Esir Askerleri (I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Anadolu'daki İngiliz Esirleri ve Esir Kampları)'' by Mahmut Akkor, Google Translate title ''King's Prisoner Soldiers (British Prisoners and Prison Camps in Anatolia during the First World War''). (Details.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331787111_Kralin_Esir_Askerleri_I_Dunya_Savasi%27nda_Anadolu%27daki_Ingiliz_Esirleri_ve_Esir_Kamplari Kralın Esir Askerleri (I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Anadolu'daki İngiliz Esirleri ve Esir Kampları)] by Mahmut Akkor 2019. researchgate.net. Publisher: Yeditepe Yayinevi ISBN 978-6052070-48-2 </ref>):2013 Doctoral thesis, Turkish language [http://kizilaytarih.org/makale-tez/tz004.pdf ''I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Anadolu'daki İngiliz Esirleri ve Esir Kampları''] by Mahmut Akkor. kizilaytarih.org. Use [https://translate.google.com Google Translate] for individual sections.*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170624075844/http://www.cwgc.org/about-us/what-we-do/archive.aspx Commonwealth War Graves Commission Archive] , (archived webpage) located in the Head Office in Maidenhead, England. The Catalogue Records relating to Turkey are available in this [https://web.archive.org/web/20170528152821/http://www.cwgc.org/about-us/what-we-do/archive/archive-catalogue.aspx link] (archived page) then select Archive Catalogue Part 1 Sections 07-08, then scroll down. There is an online [http://archive.cwgc.org CWGC Archive catalogue Search] (which includes some digitised items, but not currently (2017/12) any relating to Turkey). The Archive includes a [http://archive.cwgc.org/TreeBrowse.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&field=RefNo&key=CWGC%2fLIB Library].

*[http://www.gutenberg-e.org/steuer/index.html'' Pursuit of an 'Unparalleled Opportunity': The American YMCA and Prisoner of War Diplomacy among the Central Power Nations during World War I 1914-1923''] by Kenneth Steuer, written as a dissertation in 2008. Website of Gutenberg-e, a program of the American Historical Association and Columbia University Press.**[http://www.gutenberg-e.org/steuer/archive/AppendixA/turkey/index.html Turkish Prison Camps]. Click on the map for a list of the camps in Turkey.::[http://www.gutenberg-e.org/steuer/steuer/archive/AppendixA/Turkish%20Prison%20Camps/index.html "Appendix A: Prison Camps: Turkey"]. This alphabetical list, which contains information about location, appears to be from an earlier/different version of the above book, and does not appear to be included in the current last version. If you are looking for a particular location which you cannot find, it is suggested you read through '''all''' the entries, because some entries mention smaller camps in the vicinity. For Nigdeh, see Bor.

*[https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:335055 ''Coping With Captivity: Australian POWs of the Turks and the impact of imprisonment during the First World War''] by Kate Ariotti, 2014 Phd thesis, University of Queensland:[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=RA-JBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA146 “Australian Prisoners of the Turks: Negotiating Culture Clash in Captivity”] by Kate Ariotti, pages 146-166 ‪''Other Fronts, Other Wars?: First World War Studies on the Eve of the Centennial''‬. 2014 Google Books*[http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=tharts ''Capturing Captivity: Australian Prisoners of the Great War''] by Julia Smart. 2013 Honours thesis, University Of Wollongong. uow.edu.au. Includes details of personal accounts, and bibliography relating to Turkey. Note, the abstract of the paper gives the title as ''Capturing Captivity: Australian Prisons of the Great War''.*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynlmIq79OzI "Guests of the Sultan: Gallipoli POW" - Zoom Talk 2] by Stephen Chambers 23 February 2021. ''Gallipoli Association'' YouTube video (1:34:05).*[http://www.levantineheritage.com/prisoners.htm Archive photos of Allied prisoners in Turkish hands] Levantine Heritage Foundation.

**[httphttps://holzmann-bildarchiv.fhde/bauhistorische-potsdamforschung/bagdadbahn/ "Die Bagdadbahn"] German language, with photographs.:[https://holzmann-bildarchiv.de/?page_id=681 bauhistorische-forschung/holzmann-in-nahost/ "Holzmann in Nahost"] German photos of the Baghdad Railway]language. Scroll down to photograph groups titled Bagdadbahn, Adana, Türkei; Bagdadbahn, including a category titled "Konstantinopel; Bagdadbahn, Taurusgebirge, Belemedik, Adana"; Bagdadbahn, Türkei. Both from Bildarchiv der Philipp Holzmann AG.

*[http://www.gda-oldlevantineheritage.com/bel.bayernhtm Archive views of the Baghdad Railway] Levantine Heritage Foundation.de/findmittel/ead/findbuchIncludes Belemedik.php?fb=478&lft=49860&rgt=58181&alft=56260&argt=56279#ae * Photograph collection ''Bildsammlung Palästina'' including the Taurus and Amanus mountains]. Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (Bavarian State Archives). The Bavarian Squadron 304 (Bayerische Fliegerabteilung 304) travelled through the Ottoman empire to get to the Palestine front with their valuable aeroplanes. Part of their route took them through the Taurus and Amanus mountains 1917-1918.*[httphttps://paperspastwww.natlibgda.govtbayern.nzde/cgi-binfindmitteldb/paperspast?a=d&d=MIC19180510.2.2 "Scene From "Inferno." Prisoners In Turkey. British Soldiers Ill-Treated"] ''Mount Ida Chronicle'', [New Zealand] Volume XLV, 10 May 1918, Page 1 paperspast.natlib.govt.nz *[http:Findbuch/5450/theconversation.com/the-forgotten-anzacs-honoured-guests-Bildsammlung Palästina] Click on Findbuch –Vorwort for details of-the-sultan-25884 "The forgotten Anzacs: ‘honoured guests’ of the Sultan"] collection. 24 April 2014 theconversation.comGerman language. This article also mentions Indian POWs.*Select [httphttps://trovewww.nlagda.govbayern.aude/newspaperfindmitteldb/articleKapitel/158634493 "Bombardier Pearse7284 05. How He Died1. Unwholesome Turkish Biscuits"]. ''National Advocate'' (Bathurst, NSW) 27 Nov 1917. trove.nla.gov.au2. Bombardier Vincent Pearse of the [[Volunteer Artillery Battery5 Bodenaufnahmen]] along with many others, died soon after being taken prisoner, officially due then go to enteritis, but caused by what the hungry men ate.*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0W7pYJsBSw ‪page 11 for photographs commencing "The British Death March in MesopotamiaIm Amanus-Gebirge"] ''The Great War Week 94''‬. YouTube videoreference 1356. The initial part of this video is about photographs continue on to Constantinople over the POWs from Kut.*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/lancashire/content/articles/2008/10/17/remembrance_nelson.shtml Memoir of Private Fred William Nelson, Lancashire Fusiliers] 1/8th Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers (125th Brigade, 42nd Division). Captured at Gallipoli, aged 17, his camps included Bilemedik. 17/10/2008 bbc.conext few pages.uk

*Sergeant Maurice George Delpratt, 5th Light Horse Regiment, A I F, captured at Gallipoli.

*"The Territory’s first and only Gallipoli prisoner" by Judy Boland, ''Progenitor, Quarterly Journal of the Genealogical Society of the Northern Territory Inc.'' June 2015-March 2016, Dec. 2016. Private John Beattie No. 1827, 15th Battalion Australian Infantry Forces was captured at Gallipoli August 8th 1915 when his Battalion was ordered to mount an attack on Hill 971. [http://www.gsnt.org.au/sites/default/files/Progenitor%20June%202015%20Vol%2034%20No%202.pdf Part 1] pages 32-36 Capture. [httpshttp://norfolkinworldwar1www.gsnt.org.au/sites/tagdefault/prisonersfiles/A4%20Progenitor%20September%202015.pdf Part 2] pages 49-54. Journey from a small port on the southern coast of the Gallipoli peninsula to Constantinople and into Prisoner-of-warWar camps. [http:/ /www.gsnt.org.au/sites/default/files/A4%20Progenitor%20December%202015.pdf Part 3] page 74-80 Belemedik , Bore, Gelebek, Afion Kara Hissar. [http://www.gsnt.org.au/sites/default/files/A4%20Progenitor%20March%202016.pdf Part 4] pages 11- 18 Belemedik August 1918, changes from October 1918, and release. [http://www.gsnt.org.au/sites/default/files/A4%20Progenitor%20December%202016.pdf Part 5] pages 91-95 includes prior service in the British Army.*[http://www.foxcroft.com.au/family/Text/Harry%20Foxcroft%20statement.txt Gallipoli capture] and POW experience of Reg. No. 1720, Private H Foxcroft, No. 14 Platoon, “D” Company. 14th Battalion. Australian Imperial Force. foxcroft.com.au*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/lancashire/content/articles/2008/10/17/remembrance_nelson.shtml Memoir of Private Fred William Nelson, Lancashire Fusiliers] 1/8th Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers (125th Brigade, 42nd Division). Captured at Gallipoli, aged 17, his camps included Bilemedik. 17/10/2008 bbc.co.uk*[http://www.diplomat.com.tr/sayilar/s12/yazilar/s12-16.htm "Belemedik: A hidden travel story"] October 2005 diplomat.com.tr*[http://theconversation.com/the-forgotten-anzacs-honoured-guests-of-the-sultan-25884 "The forgotten Anzacs: ‘honoured guests’ of the Sultan"] 24 April 2014 theconversation.com. This article also mentions Indian POWs.*[http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/158634493 "Bombardier Pearse. How He Died. Unwholesome Turkish Biscuits"]. ''National Advocate'' (Bathurst, NSW) 27 Nov 1917. trove.nla.gov.au. Bombardier Vincent Pearse of the [[Volunteer Artillery Battery]] along with many others, died soon after being taken prisoner, after the fall of Kut, officially due to enteritis, but caused by what the hungry men ate.*[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=MIC19180510.2.2 "Scene From "Inferno." Prisoners In Turkey. British Soldiers Ill-Treated"] ''Mount Ida Chronicle'', [New Zealand] Volume XLV, 10 May 1918, Page 1 paperspast.natlib.govt.nz *[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/242663434 "Anzacs Welcomed in Italy. Prisoners Arrive from Turkey, Complain of Bad Treatment"] ''The Herald'' (Melbourne, Vic), 6 Dec 1918 Page 7. trove.nla.gov.au. The released POWs travelled on the steamship Katoomba.*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0W7pYJsBSw ‪"The British Death March in Mesopotamia"] ''The Great War Week 94''‬. YouTube video. The initial part of this video is about the POWs from Kut.*[https://norfolkinworldwar1.org/2016/11/16/the-journey-into-captivity-mesopotamia-in-1916 The Journey into Captivity – Mesopotamia in 1916 [2nd Battalion, Norfolk Regiment<nowiki>]</nowiki>]; [https://norfolkinworldwar1.org/2017/06/16/captivity-in-turkey-from-the-diaries-of-lieutenant-colonel-francis-cecil-lodge-part-2-january-june1917/ Captivity in Turkey: from the diaries of Lieutenant Colonel Francis Cecil Lodge Part 2: January-December 1917] norfolkinworldwar1.org. With extracts from the accounts of two officers, Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Lodge and Captain Alfred Shakeshaft.:[https://www.stephen-stratford.com/capt_diary.htm Extracts from the diary of Captain A.J. Shakeshaft] of the 2nd Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. They cover the period 15 May to 25 June 1916, [although 1915 is stated].*Transcribed [https://www.tcd.ie/library/fitasfiddles/the-memoirs/beresford/ Diary of Stanley Cyril Beresford Mundey] Captain Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry ([[43rd Regiment of Foot|43rd]]). He went from India to Mesopotamia to rejoin his regiment in May 1915, flew with the RFC as an observing officer from 7th September 1915 (page The Union Jack Was Hoisted) and took part in the Siege of Kut, although there is no account of this period. The account for 1916 covers his time as a POW until December 1916. Trinity College Dublin tcd.ie

*[http://empirecall.pbworks.com/w/page/61592428/McPherson-J-C-Pte-2309 John Charles McPherson 2309 AIF 3rd Bn], 11th Coy., Imperial Camel Corps. Contains a newspaper report of his time as a POW, from capture near Beersheba, in 1917, to working on railway construction in the Taurus Mountains.*National Archives of Australia contains a [httphttps://wwwrecordsearch.naa.gov.au National Archives of Australia] contains a /SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=8013117 digitized service record for Chapman Mathers, Service Number-919], a POW who died and was buried in the Armenian Cemetery at Angora. This file contains some general information, and includes a copy of what appears to be a Turkish death certificate.<ref>Canberra et al. [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.comorg/forumstopic/230228-ankara-municipal-cemetery-baghdad-north-gate/index.php?showtopicdo=230228 findComment&comment=2352583 Ankara Municipal cemetery / Baghdad North gate] ''Great War Forum'' 13 January 2016. Retrieved 12 February 201619 June 2018.</ref>

*Interviews. Imperial War Museums.**Listen to the [https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008077 1984 interview with Jack William Callaway] British gunner served as bugler with 82nd Bty, 110th Bde Royal Field Artillery in India and Mesopotamia, 1908-1916; present at siege of Kut-el-Amara, 4/1916; POW in Turkey, 1916-1918 . Catalogue number 8277**Listen to the [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008567 1985 inteview with Joseph William Lennox Napier], British officer served with the 4th Bn South Wales Borderers in Gallipoli and Mesopotamia, 1914-1917; POW in Turkey, 1917-1918. Reel 2. Catalogue number 7499**Listen to the [https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008028 1984 interview with Thomas Edward Osmond] British officer served with Royal Army Medical Corps in Mesopotamia, 1914-1916; captured at seige of Kut-el-Amara and POW in Turkey, 1916-1918. Catalogue number 8228 **Listen to the [https://www. iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80022187 1976 interview with Henry Hampton Rich] British officer served with 120th Rajputana Infantry in Mesopotamia, 1915-1916, including siege of Kut-el-Amara; POW in Turkey, 1916-1918. Catalogue number 766**Listen to the [https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80032881 1969 Interview with Horace Wake] British private served with 1/4th Bn Essex Regt in Egypt and Palestine, 12/1915-3/1917; captured during First Battle of Gaza, 3/1917 and POW in Palestine and Turkey, 1917-1919. Catalogue number 33526.

*[https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/A02265/ Group portrait of Australian prisoners at Afion Kara Hissar [Officers<nowiki>]</nowiki>] (awm.gov.au) includes at least two who published accounts: Lieutenant L H Luscombe of the 14th Battalion AIF captured on Gallipoli on 8 August 1915 and Captain J A Brown, a Sydney doctor serving as a Medical Officer [Australian Army Medical Corps] with the Gloucestershire Yeomanry, captured on the Palestine front in 1916. Their books were: ''The Story of Harold Earl – Australian'' by L H Luscombe published Brisbane 1970 and ''Turkish Days and Ways'' by James Brown published Sydney 1940, the latter available online, see below.

*[https://archive.org/details/bastardwarmeso00bark/page/246/mode/2up "Chapter 13 Captivity"] page 246 ''The Bastard War: the Mesopotamian Campaign of 1914-1918'' by A. J Barker (Lieut.-Colonel Arthur James Barker) 1967. UK title ''The Neglected War: Mesopotamia, 1914-1918''. Reprinted in 2009 with the title ''The First Iraq War: 1914-1918''. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Barker was also the author of ''Townshend of Kut : a biography of Major-General Sir Charles Townshend'' 1967.*[http://www.scribd.com/doc/231547886/Rapport-de-MM-Alfred-Boissier-et-Dr-Adolphe-Vischer-sur-leur-inspection-des-camps-de-prisonniers-en-Turquie ''Rapport de MM. Alfred Boissier et Dr Adolphe Vischer sur leur inspection des camps de prisonniers en Turquie''] International Committee of the Red Cross report on inspection of prisoners camps in Turkey, October 1916 to January 1917. There are Contents page at the back of the book, pages 61-62. French language. Scribd.com. Also available through [http://grandeguerre.icrc.org/en/Camps/Afioun-Kara-Hissar/107/fr/ grandeguerre.icrc.org]

*[https://archive.org/details/insideconstantin00einsrich '' Inside Constantinople: a diplomatist's diary during the Dardanelles expedition, April-September, 1915''] by Lewis Einstein, late Special Agent at the American Embassy, Constaninople. 1917 Archive.org**Regarding the lack, or taking, of prisoners of war by the Turks: [https://archive.org/details/insideconstantin00einsrich/page/138/mode/2up Page 139] June 24, 1915 practically no prisoners have been taken. Also page 145 the wounded are murdered in the hope of pillage and see page 193. [https://archive.org/details/insideconstantin00einsrich/page/228/mode/2up Page 229] Aug. 11, 1915 - The Turks are beginning to take more prisoners at the Dardanelles.*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206358/page/n293 Pages 200-205] ''History of the 1st Battalion 6th Rajputana Rifles (Wellesley’s)'' by Lieut Colonel F H James 1938. Archive.org. The experience of part of the regiment (346 in total, officers, ORs and followers) after the fall of Kut.*For an Indian Army regimental history, where part of the regiment was taken prisoner at Kut, see [[24th Regiment of Punjab Infantry|24th Punjabis]], on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3.* ''Adventures in Turkey and Russia'' by E H Keeling, London 1924. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175378 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. The author was captured at Kut, and the initial chapter details the the very poor medical condition of many of those captured. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Keeling Edward Keeling] Wikipedia. He was in the Indian Army Reserve of Officers.:[https://archive.org/stream/blackwoodsmagazi205edinuoft#page/682/mode/2up "How British Prisoners Left Turkey"] by Lieutenant-Colonel E H Keeling page 682 ''Blackwood’s Magazine'' January-June 1919, Volume 205 Archive.org. The practical difficulties associated with the repatriation of prisoners of war.*[https://archive.org/stream/besiegedinkutaft00barb#page/n7/mode/2up ''Besieged in Kut, and after''] by Major Charles Harrison Barber I M S [Indian Medical Service] 1918 Archive.org*''Across Asia Minor as a Prisoner'' by P [an officer]. [https://cors.archive.org/details/tablet1919unse/page/10/mode/1up Pages 10-12] and [https://cors.archive.org/details/tablet1919unse/page/51/mode/1up pages 51-54] ''The Tablet'', printed in London, January 4, 1919. Archive.org. The author was sent to Kastimuni, 110 miles north-northeast of Angora.*[https://archive.org/details/inkutcaptivitywi00sand ''In Kut and Captivity : with the Sixth Indian Division''] by Major EWC E W C Sandes R E 1919 Archive.org: ''Tales of Turkey'' by Major E W C Sandes 1924. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284373 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.*[https://archive.org/details/fromkastamunito00woolgoog caughtbyturks00yeatuoft ''From Kastamuni Caught by the Turks''] by Francis Yeats-Brown 1919 Archive.org The author was a member of the Royal Flying Corps who was captured near Baghdad in 1915. Also by the same author ''Bengal Lancer'', (1930) which contains a chapter on his time in Mesopotamia prior to Kedoshis capture: Being a Record [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.58995 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of Experiences India; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.208478 Another file, Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of Prisoners India. ''Golden Horn'' by Francis Yeats-Brown 1932 is available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.209036 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. "A sketch of War the political activities in Turkeyfrom 1908 to the world war, 1916and an account of the author's experiences as a prisoner of war of Turkey. This latter part (chap. V-1918XI) is a revision of the author's book published in 1919 under title: ''] Caught by C L Woolley, Captthe Turks''. RFA 1921" [http://en. Archivewikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Yeats-Brown Wikipedia]

*[http://archive.org/stream/kutprisoner00bishrich#page/n9/mode/2up ''A Kut Prisoner''] by H. C. W. Bishop, Indian Army Reserve of Officers. 1920 Archive.org*[https://archive.org/details/prisonerinturkey00stiliala ''A Prisoner in Turkey''] by John Still 1920 Archive.org. The title page contains a handwritten note “Ceylon Civil Service (Forests)”. A book in the ''On Active Service'' Series**From [https://archive.org/stream/prisonerinturkey00stiliala#page/220/mode/2up page 220], the author became part of an exchange program. He ultimately was evacuated through Smyrna, initially by tug, out to the ship which lay off Phokea, outside the Gulf of Smyrna, on 1 November 1918.

*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89081845935?urlappend=%3Bseq=255 ''The Escaping Club'': "Part II"] [page 241] by A. J. Evans 1922 Hathi Trust HathiTrust Digital Library. As a POW the author had escaped from Germany in June 1917. In March 1918, while on a bombing raid in Palestine his plane came down. He was captured by Arabs, along with two others, and subsequently became prisoners of the Turks. Also available as a [httphttps://wwwarchive.org/details/in.newernet.dli.ernet2015.in/handle/2015/241506 pdf downloadArchive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.*[httphttps://archive.org/details/fourfiftymilesto00john ''Four-Fifty Miles to Freedom''] by Captain M A B Johnston, RGA and Captain K D Yearsley RE 1919 Archive.org. The cover title is ''450 Miles to Freedom''. The authors were at Kastamoni, Changri and Yozgad.:Article about Captain Sir Archibald Cochrane: [https://www.newdailymail.co.uk/news/article-8563889/Remarkable-tale-World-War-hero-led-daring-prison-break-emerges-medals-sale.html "Extraordinary tale of First World War hero submariner..dli.ernet"] by Katie Feehan 27 July 2020 ''Daily Mail''.in*[https://handlearchive.org/2015details/175378 roadtoendor00unkngoog ''Adventures The Road to En-Dor; being an account of how two prisoners of war at Yozgad in Turkey and Russiawon their way to freedom''] by E H Keeling, London 1924Jones Lt. Pdf downloadIARO, 1920 Digital Library of IndiaArchive. org The author , Elias Henry Jones was captured at Kut, and had previously been in the initial chapter [[Indian Civil Service]] in Burma. Biographical details the the very poor medical condition of many of those captured. are available below<ref>[httpshttp://enhomefrontmuseum.wikipediawordpress.orgcom/2014/01/26/wikielias-henry-jones/Edward_Keeling Edward KeelingElias Henry Jones] Wikipedia. He was in the Indian Army Reserve of Officers.homefrontmuseum (accessed 22 July 2014)</ref>:*[https://archive.org/stream/blackwoodsmagazi205edinuoftmysecretservicev00manwrich#page/68292/mode/2up "How British Prisoners Left TurkeyI Visit Asia Minor"] by Lieutenant-Colonel E H Keeling Chapter VI, page 682 93 ''Blackwood’s Magazine'' JanuaryMy Secret Service: Vienna--Sophia--Constantinople--Nish--Belgrade--June 1919Asia Minor, Volume 205 Archive.orgetc. '' by 'The practical difficulties associated with Man Who Dined With the repatriation of prisoners of warKaiser' 1916.*[https://archive Archive.org/details/fourfiftymilesto00john ''Four-Fifty Miles . A journey, c January 1916, on the Baghdad Railway from Constantinople to Freedom''] by Captain M A B JohnstonKonia, RGA and Captain K D Yearsley RE 1919 Archive although a longer journey had been planned.orgPage 101 briefly mentions 300 French prisoners at Konia. The cover title is Press reports of the time indicate the author was a special reporter representing the London ''450 Miles to FreedomDaily Mail''. The authors were at Kastamoni, Changri and Yozgadspeculate he was a Dutchman.

*National Archives of Australia files, mainly consisting of copies of files from the British Foreign Office. [httphttps://wwwrecordsearch.naa.gov.au/collectionSearchNRetrieve/Interface/searchSearchScreens/indexBasicSearch.aspx Search the NAA collection]**[httphttps://naa12recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scriptsSearchNRetrieve/imagineInterface/ViewImage.aspaspx?B=352773&I=1&SE=1 1916 Correspondence] File S91914/89/364 (4 pages)**[httphttps://naa12recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scriptsSearchNRetrieve/Interface/imagineViewImage.aspaspx?B=1805821&I=1&SE=1 Prisoners of War Camps in Turkey] File 1917/69/526 (8 pages)**[httphttps://naa12recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scriptsSearchNRetrieve/imagineInterface/ViewImage.aspaspx?B=352884&I=1&SE=1 File 1917/89/397377] (185 pages)**[httphttps://naa12recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scriptsSearchNRetrieve/Interface/ImagineViewImage.aspaspx?B=395661&I=1&SE=1 Australians captured in Turkey (40 pages) Alphabetical list with details]. This is an Australian file.**[httphttps://naa12recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scriptsSearchNRetrieve/imagineInterface/ViewImage.aspaspx?B=353180&I=1&SE=1 Mortality among Prisoners of War in Turkey :1918 correspondence] File 1918/89/724 (20 pages)**[httphttps://naa12recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scriptsSearchNRetrieve/Interface/imagineViewImage.aspaspx?B=232438&I=1&SE=1 Agreements with Turkey] (67) pages ((Australian) Prime Minister’s Department file) Includes treatment of the British Prisoners of War working for the Baghdad Railway Construction Company in Belemedik in the Taurus Mountains. Also prisoners from Kut who suffered terrible conditions.**[httphttps://naa12recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scriptsSearchNRetrieve/imagineInterface/ViewImage.aspaspx?B=353219&I=1&SE=1 Prisoners of War in Turkey] Includes a copy of ''Reports on Conditions in Turkish Prisons'', HMSO, presented to the British Parliament 1919at page 26. File 1919/89/298 (37 pages)**[httphttps://naa12recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scriptsSearchNRetrieve/imagineInterface/ViewImage.aspaspx?B=3445273&I=1&SE=1 Narrative: ''Two and a half Years a prisoner of war in Turkey''] Related by Trooper GW Handsley, [2nd Light Horse] Written by Serj. JH Foster 1919. 39 pages. The narrative is pages 7-39. This is an Australian file. [Subsequently published, see following entry].

*Sample chapters from [http://www.saradistribution.com/otherranksofkut.htm ''Other Ranks of Kut''] by P. W. Long, M.M. Flight Sergeant R.A.F, 1938. Transcription of the Preface, Author’s Note, Chapter One and Chapter Six only, with details of the titles of the remaining chapters. saradistribution.com. The author was at the time Driver Percy Walter Long, 67528, 63rd Battery, R.F.A.<ref>[http://www.rushdenheritage.co.uk/war/longDriverPW.html Driver P. W. Long] 63rd Battery, R.F.A. rushdenheritage.co.uk. [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31759/supplement/1230 The London Gazette Supplement] 27/30 January 1920, page 1230</ref> Long’s account starts on 30th April 1916, the day after the surrender of Kut. From the preface by Sir Arnold Wilson, M.P. “Of 2,592 British rank and file taken prisoner at Kut, 70 per cent died in captivity”. Also available in a reprint edition,<ref>[httphttps://www.naval-military-press.com/product/other-ranks-of-kut/ ''Other Ranks Of Kut''] by P. W. Long. Naval & Military Press.</ref> which in turn is available to read online on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3, [https://www.fold3.com/browse/251/hTGb85NZ807HO4jJ8lLh7Wlag ''Other Ranks of Kut''], (located in World War2/Military books/Iraq). *[https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D7733856 ''First and Second Interim Reports from the Committee of Enquiry into Breaches of the Laws of War, with Appendices'' 3 June 1919] CAB 24/85/6 Records of the Cabinet Office, The National Archives. Link to a free download. Includes pages on Turkey/Ottoman Empire, including the march from Kut, (at page 194), Damascus Hospital (page 234). <ref> PRC. [https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/276732-ssgt-jem-brunskill-ramc-was-he-a-turkish-pow/?do=findComment&comment=2824064 S/Sgt J.E.M Brunskill RAMC - was he a Turkish POW ?] ''Great War Forum ''23 November 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.</ref>*[http://www.scarletfinders.co.uk/179.html More about Report on hospitals conditions for Prisoners of War in Nazareth and Damascus] The National Archives, FO 383/530. Report of Miss Edith Johncock, Matron of the British Hospital Nazareth, regarding the treatment of Prisoners of War (dated 1919). She had been Matron of the book]British Hospital in Nazareth from 1905, and became a prisoner of the Turks for four years, 3 years in Nazareth, and almost a year in Damascus. scarletfinders.co.uk*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015014437605?urlappend=%3Bseq=25 ''Adventures in the Near East, 1918-1922''], by A. Rawlinson 1924 Hathi Trust Digital Library. [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015014437605?urlappend=%3Bseq=348 Pages 272-333] describe the author's imprisonment, when on 18 March 1920, he, and four British soldiers he commanded, were arrested by Turkish Nationalist Troops and confined for 20 months, until exchanged for Turkish prisoners 31 October 1921. [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.524027/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org version].*''Turkish Days and Ways'' by James Brown MD 1940. The author was a Scot who had lived in Australia most of his life who qualified as a doctor in Edinburgh during WW1 and became a Lieutenant RAMC. He was in a Field Ambulance, serving with a Brigade of Yeomanry at the time of capture at Katia near Romani, twenty three miles from the Suez Canal, c April 1916. He was a POW at Afyon Karahisar. [https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2232939 Catalogue details], [https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2819290002 digital file] nla.gov.au.*[https://archive.org/details/lostanzacsstoryo00greg/page/n3/mode/2up ''Lost Anzacs : the story of two brothers''] by Greg Kerr 1998. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. With extracts from the diaries of Australians George Kitchin Kerr, 1892-1965 and Hedley Kitchin, 1894-1915. Hedley died at Gallipoli and it was here George was captured, eventually spending years as a POW at Belemedik in Turkey.*[https://archive.org/details/capturedatkutpri0000spac/mode/2up ''Captured at Kut. Prisoner of the Turks. The Great War Diaries of Colonel W C Spackman''] edited by Tony Spackman 2008 Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. William Collis Spackman, Indian Medical Service was then a young Regimental Medical Officer with the [[48th Bengal Pioneers|48th Pioneers]], Indian Army.*[https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/documents/2457/the-early-first-world-war-iraq-campaign-november-1914-april-1916-and-captivity-in-turkey/ ''The Early First World War Iraq Campaign, November 1914 - April 1916, and Captivity in Turkey''] by Brigadier KBS Crawford. A transcribed digitised account prepared by his son Nigel Crawford 2014. KBS Crawford was part of the Royal Engineers, with the 3rd Bombay Sappers and Miners. He was present at the fall of Kut, having been wounded in December 1915 and still on the sick list, and eventually arrived at Afion Kara Hissar. "Captivity" commences digital page 19. ''Forces War Records'', generally a pay website, but this digital file, classified as a War Diary in the Historical Documents Library, is accessible for free.

Baghdad Railway . Note: The German and American spelling is Bagdad.*[http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qSo6eXTvGUg/UtQudh-jkVI/AAAAAAAAQcU/nGIdtlkZ4k4/s1600/bagrail.jpg Map: Turkish Railways in 1914] from the website Mavi Bonkuk ([http://boncuk1.rssing.com/chan-23614969/all_p16.html page 16], 01/13/14, scroll down).

*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/images/berlin-baghdad-bahn-map-1916.jpg C 1916 Map showing Route of the Baghdad Railway] showing yet to be constructed tunnels. globalsecurity.org. Full title: Sketch Map to Illustrate The Operations In Mesopotamia and the Route of the Baghdad Railway. Elsewhere it is stated that this map is not a correct representation of the state of the Baghdad railway during WW1, as it shows the link from Konya ending at Bulgurlu; in fact, that portion of the line was open as far as Karapunar<ref>[http://www.corkpsc.org/db.php?mid=917 Palestine: Information with Provenance (PIWP database)] corkpsc.org</ref>*[https://digi.landesbibliothek.at/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:at:AT-OOeLB-2063972 Map: The Turkish Railways as of the summer of 1918] Übersichtskarte der Türkei: Die türkischen Eisenbahnen nach dem Stande vom Sommer 1918. Digital page 201 ''Schlachten des Weltkrieges Band 4. Jildirim'', 1925. The Digital State Library of Upper Austria.

:[http://www.jstor.org/stable/25121975 "The Bagdad Railway"] by H. Charles Woods ''The North American Review'' Vol. 208, No. 753 (Aug., 1918), pp. 219-228 jstor.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131123060135/http://jfredmacdonald.com/worldwarone1914-1918/ottoman-17bagdad-railway.html Transcribed version] jfredmacdonald.com.*[https://archive.org/details/turkeygreatpower00earlrich ''Turkey, the Great Powers, and the Bagdad Railway : a study in Imperialism''] by Edward Mead Earle 1924 Archive.org with [https://archive.org/stream/turkeygreatpower00earlrich#page/n5/mode/2up Map 1918]

*[https://wwws3-ap-southeast-2.awmamazonaws.gov.aucom/imagesawm-media/collection/pdfRCDIG1069713/RCDIG1069713--1-document/5519202.pdf PDF "Chapter XXII – By Cattle-Truck Through the Taurus"], pages 309-324 [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1069872/ ''Gallipoli Mission''] by Charles Edwin Woodrow (C E W) Bean (1st edition, 1948). Australian War Memorial website. This account relates to travel by Bean, of the Australian Historical Mission, during the months of February and March, 1919.