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Tibet Expedition

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Historical books on-line
{{War|name=Tibet Expedition |dates=Dec 1903 – Sept 1904 |image=TibetimageTibet-flag-free.jpg |location=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet Tibet] |combatant1=British Field Force |combatant2= Tibetan Armed Forces|result=[http://tibetjustice.org/materials/treaties/treaties10.html Anglo-Tibetan Agreement of 1904] |medal=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Medal Tibet Medal]| category=[[:Category:Tibet Expedition|Tibet Expedition]] |link1= }}
{{Battlemap|war=Tibet Expedition 1903-04|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.000478a21a9b85b1eee21&ll=28.468691,89.868164&spn=3.515063,5.020752&t=p&z=8 }}
The '''Expedition to Tibet''' in 1903-04, also known as the '''Anglo-Tibet War'''.
== Summary ==
'''The expedition to [[Tibet]] in 1903-04, also known as the Anglo-Tibet War'''. At the beginning of the 20th century Britain and Russia were competing for influence in Central Asia. To counter the perceived threat, the British sent an expedition under [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Younghusband [Francis Younghusband]] to negotiate with the Tibetans. The first excursion with Claude White, the Political Officer for Sikkim, to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamber_Jong Khamba Jong] was rebuffed and a field force was dispatched through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelep_La Jelep Pass]. The Tibetans were defeated at two major battles and the expedition reached Lhasa in August 1904. The Dalai Lama had fled but Younghusband forced a one-sided treaty on the regent which gave Britain trading rights in Tibet. This was later repudiated by the Tibetans.
== Field Force Forces ==
'''First Excursion'''<br>
''British Commissioner to Tibet: [[Francis Younghusband|Major Francis Younghusband]]''<br>
''Political Officer for Sikkim: [[Photographer#Books|J Claude White]]''
*200 [[32nd Punjab Pioneers|32nd Pioneers]]
*300 supportfollowers<br>'''Tibet Mission Escort'''<br>''British Commissioner to Tibet: [[Francis Younghusband|Major Francis Younghusband]]''<br>''Escort Commander: [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101034705/ Brig-Gen James Macdonald CB]''*Six Coys [[44th Gurkha Rifles|8th Gurkhas]]''Lt-Col Kerr''*Eight Coys [[23rd Punjab Pioneers|23rd Pioneers]]''Lt-Col Hogge''*Half Coy 2nd Sappers''Maj Haycock''*Maxim gun detachment of [[9th Regiment of Foot|Norfolk Regiment]]''Lt Hadow''*Two 7-pounder guns of 8th Gurkhas''Capt Leeke''*Two 10 pounder guns of No 7 Mountain BatteryRoyal Garrison Artillery ''Maj Fuller''
*Field Hospital
*Engineer Field Park
*Ammunition Column
*Telegraph, postal and survey detachments<br>
'''Later Reinforcements'''<br>*One Wing [[7th Regiment of Foot|Royal Fusiliers]]''Col Cooper DSO''*[[40th Regiment of Punjab Infantry|40th Pathans]]''Lt-Col Campbell DSO''*[[29th 7th Regiment of Punjab Infantry|29th 19th Punjabis]]''Maj Herbert''*Three Coys Mounted Infantry ''Capts Otterley & Peterson, Maj Rowlandson''*Maxim gun detachment of [[83rd Regiment of Foot|Royal Irish Rifles]] ''Lt Bowen Colthurst''*Two 7-pounder RML guns of No 30 Mountain Battery ''Lt Marindin''*Two 10-pounder RML guns of No 27 Mountain Battery ''Lt Field'''''Followers'''*10,000 transport drivers*8,000 supply and transport coolies*10,500 mules and ponies*400 donkeys*9,225 bullocks and yaks
== Chronology ==
|-
| 4 July
| Claude White (Sikkim Political Officer] ) left Tangu
|-
| 5 July
|-
| 12 December
| Crossed the border at [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelep_La Jelep Jelep La] 4267m
|-
| 14 December
*[http://tibettalk.wordpress.com/2008/12/18/the-younghusband-expedition/ The Younghusband Expedition] tibettalk.wordpress.com
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Younghusband Francis Younghusband] Wikipedia
*[http://intotibet1903-04.blogspot.com/2008/12/2nd-rajput-mess-alipore-calcutta.html Field Force To Lhasa 1903-04]. 50 Letters from Capt Captain Cecil Mainprise] . intotibet1903-04.blogspot.com. ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ZofGb9W5CzYJ:intotibet1903-04.blogspot.com/2008/12/2nd-rajput-mess-alipore-calcutta.html+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] URL)*[http://www.tracesofevil.com/2004/12/gyantse-1904-british-liberation-of.html Scenes from the film Gyantse 1904: The British Liberation of Tibet]*[http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/430387/Images-of-Empire-amazing-pictures-show-the-entry-of-British-forces-into-Tibet-in-1904 Images of Empire - amazing pictures show the entry of British forces into Tibet in 1904] September 18, 2013 www.express.co.uk==== Historical books online on-line ====
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=y39xtFqUn5sC&pg=PA364#v=onepage&q=&f=false List of Officers on the Lhasa Mission] Google Books
 
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1beWTgMf4VUC&pg=PA506&lpg=PR506&dq=Chumbi&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=Chumbi&f=false Chronology of the Expedition] Google Books
* [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023235108 ''India and Tibet. A History of the Relations which have Subsisted between the Two Countries from the Time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with a Particular Account of the Mission to Lhasa of 1904''] by Sir Francis Younghusband KCIE. Published by John Murray 1910. Archive.org. Another copy of this title is at [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=P7pdbiFCW80C&pg=PP1&dq=India+and+Tibet+Younghusband&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''India & Tibet'' by Francis Younghusband] Google Books (Limited View)
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023224490 ''With Mounted Infantry In Tibet''] by Brevet Major W J Ottley, 34th Sikh Pioneers 1906 Archive.org.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/IndianMountainArtillery/mountainartillery#page/n129/mode/2up "Tibet"], page 115, ''The History of the Indian Mountain Artillery'' by Brigadier-General C A L Graham 1957 Archive.org.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924024155206 ''Sikhim And Bhutan, Twenty-one Years On The North-east Frontier 1887-1908''] by [[Photographer#Books|J Claude White]]. Archive.org 1909 edition.
*''Lhasa: An Account of the Country and People of Central Tibet and of the Progress of the Mission sent there by the English Government in the year 1903-04'' by Perceval Landon 1905 Archive.org [http://www.archive.org/stream/lhasaaccountofco01land#page/n9/mode/2up Volume 1], [http://www.archive.org/stream/lhasaaccountofco02land#page/n9/mode/2up Volume 2]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/unitedservicema00pollgoog#page/n713/mode/1up "Across the North East Frontier"] by Colonel HC Wylly , page 642 ''The United Service Magazine Volume 29 New Series April 1904 to September 1904'' Archive.org
*[http://www.kingscollections.org/servingsoldier/index.php?id=390 "Reminiscences of Tibet"]. Online report by Frederick Campbell who accompanied the Younghusband Expedition to Lhasa, Tibet, 1904. King’s College London Collections:The Serving Soldier
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/greatplateaubein00rawl#page/n207/mode/2up "The Gartok Expedition 1904-1905"], page 159 ''The Great Plateau being an account of exploration in Central Tibet, 1903, and of the Gartok expedition, 1904-1905''] by Captain C. G. Rawling 1905 Archive.org The terms of the Treaty provided that a trade mart be opened at Gartok and the expedition took place to survey the area and select a suitable location.
* [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023235108 India and Tibet. A History of the Relations which have Subsisted between the Two Countries from the Time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with a Particular Account of the Mission to Lhasa of 1904] by Sir Francis Younghusband KCIE. Published by John Murray 1910. Archive.org. Another copy of this title is at [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=P7pdbiFCW80C&pg=PP1&dq=India+and+Tibet+Younghusband&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false India & Tibet by Francis Younghusband] Google Books
 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924024155206 Sikhim And Bhutan, Twenty-one Years On The North-east Frontier 1887-1908]. by [[Photographer#Books|J Claude White]]. Archive.org 1909 edition.
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