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'''The expedition to [[Tibet]] in 1903-04, also known as the Anglo-Tibet War'''. At the beginning of the 20th century Britain and Russia were competing for influence in Central Asia. To counter the perceived threat, the British sent an expedition under [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Younghusband [Francis Younghusband]] to negotiate with the Tibetans. The first excursion with Claude White, the Political Officer for Sikkim, to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamber_Jong Khamba Jong] was rebuffed and a field force was dispatched through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelep_La Jelep Pass]. The Tibetans were defeated at two major battles and the expedition reached Lhasa in August 1904. The Dalai Lama had fled but Younghusband forced a one-sided treaty on the regent which gave Britain trading rights in Tibet. This was later repudiated by the Tibetans.
== Historical books online == *[http://books.google.com/books?id=y39xtFqUn5sC&pg=PA364#v=onepage&q=&f=false List of Officers on the Lhasa Missionwho actually reached Lhasa.] Google Books. Some of the medical personnel are not on this list.
* [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023235108 India and Tibet. A History of the Relations which have Subsisted between the Two Countries from the Time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with a Particular Account of the Mission to Lhasa of 1904] by Sir Francis Younghusband KCIE. Published by John Murray 1910. Archive.org. Another copy of this title is at [http{{#widget://books.google.co.uk/books?id=P7pdbiFCW80C&pg=PP1&dq=India+and+Tibet+Younghusband&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false India & Tibet by Francis Younghusband] Google BooksPlusOne|size=small*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924024155206 Sikhim And Bhutan, Twenty-one Years On The North-east Frontier 1887-1908] by [[Photographer#Books|J Claude White]]. Archive.org 1909 edition. count=true}}
→Historical books on-line
{{War|name=Tibet Expedition |dates=Dec 1903 – Sept 1904 |image=TibetimageTibet-flag-free.jpg |location=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet Tibet] |combatant1=British Field Force |combatant2= Tibetan Armed Forces|result=[http://tibetjustice.org/materials/treaties/treaties10.html Anglo-Tibetan Agreement of 1904] |medal=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Medal Tibet Medal]| category=[[:Category:Tibet Expedition|Tibet Expedition]] |link1= }}
{{Battlemap|war=Tibet Expedition 1903-04|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.000478a21a9b85b1eee21&ll=28.468691,89.868164&spn=3.515063,5.020752&t=p&z=8 }}
The '''Expedition to Tibet''' in 1903-04, also known as the '''Anglo-Tibet War'''.
== Summary ==
== Field Force Forces ==
'''First Excursion'''<br>
''British Commissioner to Tibet: [[Francis Younghusband|Major Francis Younghusband]]''<br>
''Political Officer for Sikkim: [[Photographer#Books|J Claude White]]''
*200 [[32nd Punjab Pioneers|32nd Pioneers]]
*300 supportfollowers<br>'''Tibet Mission Escort'''<br>''British Commissioner to Tibet: [[Francis Younghusband|Major Francis Younghusband]]''<br>''Escort Commander: [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101034705/ Brig-Gen James Macdonald CB]''*Six Coys [[44th Gurkha Rifles|8th Gurkhas]]''Lt-Col Kerr''*Eight Coys [[23rd Punjab Pioneers|23rd Pioneers]]''Lt-Col Hogge''*Half Coy 2nd Sappers''Maj Haycock''*Maxim gun detachment of [[9th Regiment of Foot|Norfolk Regiment]]''Lt Hadow''*Two 7-pounder guns of 8th Gurkhas''Capt Leeke''*Two 10 pounder guns of No 7 Mountain BatteryRoyal Garrison Artillery ''Maj Fuller''
*Field Hospital
*Engineer Field Park
*Ammunition Column
*Telegraph, postal and survey detachments<br>
'''Later Reinforcements'''<br>*One Wing [[7th Regiment of Foot|Royal Fusiliers]]''Col Cooper DSO''*[[40th Regiment of Punjab Infantry|40th Pathans]]''Lt-Col Campbell DSO''*[[29th 7th Regiment of Punjab Infantry|29th 19th Punjabis]]''Maj Herbert''*Three Coys Mounted Infantry ''Capts Otterley & Peterson, Maj Rowlandson''*Maxim gun detachment of [[83rd Regiment of Foot|Royal Irish Rifles]] ''Lt Bowen Colthurst''*Two 7-pounder RML guns of No 30 Mountain Battery ''Lt Marindin''*Two 10-pounder RML guns of No 27 Mountain Battery ''Lt Field'''''Followers'''*10,000 transport drivers*8,000 supply and transport coolies*10,500 mules and ponies*400 donkeys*9,225 bullocks and yaks
== Chronology ==
|-
| 12 December
| Crossed the border at [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelep_La Jelep Jelep La] 4267m
|-
| 14 December
*[http://tibettalk.wordpress.com/2008/12/18/the-younghusband-expedition/ The Younghusband Expedition] tibettalk.wordpress.com
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Younghusband Francis Younghusband] Wikipedia
*[http://intotibet1903-04.blogspot.com/2008/12/2nd-rajput-mess-alipore-calcutta.html Field Force To Lhasa 1903-04]. 50 Letters from Capt Captain Cecil Mainprise. intotibet1903-04.blogspot.com. ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ZofGb9W5CzYJ:intotibet1903-04.blogspot.com/2008/12/2nd-rajput-mess-alipore-calcutta.html+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] blogspotURL)*[http://www.tracesofevil.com/2004/12/gyantse-1904-british-liberation-of.html Scenes from the film Gyantse 1904: The British Liberation of Tibet]*[http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/430387/Images-of-Empire-amazing-pictures-show-the-entry-of-British-forces-into-Tibet-in-1904 Images of Empire - amazing pictures show the entry of British forces into Tibet in 1904] September 18, 2013 www.express.co.uk*[http://www.taroscopes.com/miscellanous-pages/rapeofindia.pdf "Officers, Gentlemen and Thieves: The Looting of Monasteries during the 1903/4 Younghusband Mission to Tibet"] by Michael Carrington ''Modern Asian Studies 37, 1 (2003''), pp. 81–109.
==== Historical books on-line ====
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1beWTgMf4VUC&pg=PA506&lpg=PR506&dq=Chumbi&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=Chumbi&f=false Chronology of the Expedition] Google Books
*[http://jramc.bmj.com/content/3/3/272.full.pdf "With the Thibet Mission Force"] by Major A. R. Aldridge ''J R Army Med Corps'' 1904;3:3 272-273
:[http://jramc.bmj.com/content/4/2/235.full.pdf "With the Tibet Mission Force"] by Major A. R. Aldridge J'' R Army Med Corps'' 1905;4:2 235-240
*[http://jramc.bmj.com/content/3/5/535.full.pdf "With the Sikkim Tibet Mission Force"] by Captain C. W. Mainprise ''J R Army Med Corps'' 1904;3:5 535-538
*[http://jramc.bmj.com/content/6/1/67.full.pdf "Reprint: The Tibet Mission Force, 1903-1904"] ''J R Army Med Corps'' 1906;6:1 67-90. It is not stated what this article is reprinted from, but it appears to an official report for government
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/unitedservicema00pollgoog#page/n713/mode/1up "Across the North East Frontier"] by Colonel HC Wylly , page 642 ''The United Service Magazine Volume 29 New Series April 1904 to September 1904'' Archive.org
*''Lhasa and Its Mysteries: A Record of the Expedition of 1903-1904'' by L Austine Waddell Lieut.-Colonel, Indian Medical Service. [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433082446406?urlappend=%3Bseq=15 2nd edition 1905. With illustrations] Hathi Trust Digital Library. [https://archive.org/details/cu31924023498813 3rd and Cheaper edition 1906] With a lesser number of illustrations. Archive.org. The author, who took part in the expedition and was mentioned in despatches, was also a Tibetan scholar and explorer. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Waddell Laurence Waddell] Wikipedia.
*''Lhasa: An Account of the Country and People of Central Tibet and of the Progress of the Mission sent there by the English Government in the year 1903-04'' by Perceval Landon 1905 Archive.org. [http://www.archive.org/stream/lhasaaccountofco01land#page/n9/mode/2up Volume 1], [http://www.archive.org/stream/lhasaaccountofco02land#page/n9/mode/2up Volume 2]. The author was special correspondent of ''The Times'' on the expedition.
*[https://archive.org/details/unveilingoflhasa00cand ''The Unveiling of Lhasa''] by Edmund Candler 1905. Archive.org. The author was the ''Daily Mail'' correspondent accompanying the expeditionary force.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas04indi#page/n9/mode/2up ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India: Volume 4 North and North-Eastern Frontier tribes''] by Intelligence Branch Army Headquarters India 1907 Archive.org. Includes Tibet.
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023224490 ''With Mounted Infantry In Tibet''] by Brevet Major W J Ottley, 34th Sikh Pioneers 1906 Archive.org.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023235108 ''India and Tibet. A History of the Relations which have Subsisted between the Two Countries from the Time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with a Particular Account of the Mission to Lhasa of 1904''] by Sir Francis Younghusband KCIE. Published by John Murray 1910. Archive.org. Another copy of this title is at [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=P7pdbiFCW80C&pg=PP1&dq=India+and+Tibet+Younghusband&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''India & Tibet'' by Francis Younghusband] Google Books (Limited View)
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/IndianMountainArtillery/mountainartillery#page/n129/mode/2up "Tibet"], page 115, ''The History of the Indian Mountain Artillery'' by Brigadier-General C A L Graham 1957 Archive.org.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924024155206 ''Sikhim And Bhutan, Twenty-one Years On The North-east Frontier 1887-1908''] by [[Photographer#Books|J Claude White]]. Archive.org 1909 edition.
*[http://www.kingscollections.org/servingsoldier/index.php?id=390 "Reminiscences of Tibet"]. Online report by Frederick Campbell who accompanied the Younghusband Expedition to Lhasa, Tibet, 1904. King’s College London Collections:The Serving Soldier
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/greatplateaubein00rawl#page/n207/mode/2up "The Gartok Expedition 1904-1905"], page 159 ''The Great Plateau being an account of exploration in Central Tibet, 1903, and of the Gartok expedition, 1904-1905''] by Captain C. G. Rawling 1905 Archive.org The terms of the Treaty provided that a trade mart be opened at Gartok and the expedition took place to survey the area and select a suitable location.
