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<big>'''South Indian Railway - Lines Owned and Worked''' </big>
<br>- a sub section of the main '''[[South Indian Railway]](SIR)''' page
[[File:South India Railway System 1937 Map.png|600px|right| South Indian Railway System 1937]]


==History==
The following summary is taken from the 1937 ‘History of Indian Railways’<ref name=Hist192>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page  192-194,  pdf  233-237]; Retrieved  8 Oct 2020</ref>.
The ‘South Indian Railway’ was formed by the amalgamation on 1 July 1874 of the ‘[[Great Southern of India Railway]]’ and the ‘[[Carnatic Railway]]’, which on 1 Jan 1891 was purchased by the State and handed over, together with the ‘[[Villupuram-Guntakal State Railway]]’ for working as one undertaking, to a new company – the ‘South Indian Railway Company’.
The ‘Dharmavaram-Guntakal Section’ was made over from the SIR to the ‘[[Southern  Mahratta Railway]]’ in 1893, which in 1908 became the ‘[[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]] (M&SMR’ ).
On 1 Jan 1908 the ‘Jalarpet-Mangalore Section’ of the ‘[[Madras Railway]]’ including the ‘[[Tirupattur-Krishnagiri Railway]]’, with the [[Morappur-Dharmapuri Railway| ‘Morappur-Dharmapuri Section’]] and the [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway| ‘Nilgiri Railway’]] were transferred to the ‘South Indian Railway Company’ .
<br>At the same time the ‘Katpadi-Dharmaram Section’ and the ‘Pakala-Gudur Section’ were handed over from the SIR to the M&SMR .
<br>At the same date the SIR were given running powers over the ‘Madras-Bangalore Section’ of the M&SMR.
<br>Also the  working of the ‘[[Shoranur-Cochin Railway|Shoranur-Cochin Indian State Railway]]  was transferred to the SIR from the M&SMR
==South Indian Railway System==
The following is based on the “1937 History of Indian Railways”<ref name=HistA>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ pages  192-213,  pdf  233-256]; Retrieved  8 Oct 2020</ref> ,  and also where extra information is available from the “1918 Administration Report on Railways” <ref name=Admin>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n115/mode/1up “Administration Report for Railways” pages 138-152 (pdf 144-160)]; Retrieved 27 Sept 2020</ref>
The SIR owned and operated an extensive network of railways of mixed gauge,. It  was the description applied for the actual ‘SIR Proper’ lines  which comprised both broad gauge  ([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) and metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) lines plus a number of BG ane MG lines on behalf of other parties. In addition the SIR worked two narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]])  lines  on behalf of other parties:-
The  '''‘SIR System‘''' comprised
* Broad Gauge  ([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) in 1918 was 450 miles(724km); and by 1937 was  664 miles(1069km)
* Metre Gauge ([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) in 1918 was 1281 miles(2062km); and by 1937 was 1769 miles(2847km)
* Narrow Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) in 1918 was  99 miles(159km); and by 1937 was  99 miles(159km)
==SIR Broad Gauge ==
The Broad Gauge  [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) Mainline with branches was originally named the ‘[[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline ]]’, owned and worked by ‘[[Madras Railway]]’  up to 31 Dec 1907, then transferred on 1 Jan 1908 to the ‘South Indian Railway’(SIR)<ref name=Admin/>.  Later development was undertaken by SIR by the addition of Branch lines  <ref name=Hist192/>
<br>This formed the actual ‘SIR Broad Gauge’ [[Rail_gauge_#Broad_Gauge|BG]]); other BG railways were worked by SIR and are listed separately and classified as the ‘SIR System Broad Gauge’
<br>''See separate pages for detailed information''
*  ‘[[SIR Broad Gauge Mainline]]’, 418 miles(673km), opened in stages from 1861 to 1907 from Jalarpet to Mangalore  [[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline| ''See separate pages  for details'' ]]
** ‘[[Mettupalaiyam Branch Line]]’, 26 miles(42km), opened 1873 from [[Podanur]] via [[Coimbatore]] to [[Mettupalaiyam]]
** ‘[[Palghat Branch Line]]’, 2½ miles(4km), opened 1888 from Palakkad Junction(Olavakode) to [[Palghat]]
** ‘[[Erode Branch Line]]’, 88 miles(142km), opened 1862-67 from Trichinoply Junction to Erode originally as a BG line  but was converted to metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) in 1879. Reconverted to BG in 1920
** [[Shoranur-Nalambur Railway | ‘Nilambur Branch Line’]], 41 miles(68km) , opened 1927 from Shoranur to Nilambur Road. Also described as the  ‘[[Shoranur-Nalambur Railway]]'.
** [[Salem-Metur-Dam Railway |’Salem-Mettur Dam Branch’]], 23 miles(39km), opened 1929 from Salem to Mettur Dam and included the assisted siding from Mechori Road to Mettur Dam
===SIR System Broad  Gauge===
In addition to the actual ‘SIR Broad Gauge’ lines, listed above, the following BG lines were worked by SIR and finally classified as part of the ‘SIR Broad Gauge System’
<br>''See separate pages for detailed information''
* ‘[[Shoranur-Cochin Railway]]'. 65 miles(106km), opened 1902 from Shoraur to Ernakulam as a BG branch line. Funded by the Cochin Durbar and originally worked by the ‘[[Madras Railway]]’, from 1908 made over to the SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’. In 1938 the  ‘[[Cochin Harbour Extension Railway]]', opened 1938, a  7 mile(11km) from  Cochin to Cochin Harbour
* ‘[[Suramangalam-Salem Railway]]’, 3.9 miles (6.3km), District Board owned, opened 1917 as a BG line and worked by SIR . This short line converted into mixed gauge by addition of a MG rail in 1931, the MG line being part of the ‘[[Salem-Vriddhachalam Railway]]’ ''See MG Branches below''
==SIR Metre Gauge ==
The following is generally based on the “1937 History of Railways”<ref name=Hist196>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ pages 196-197, pdf  239-240]; Retrieved  2 Oct 2020</ref> and formed the actual ‘SIR Metre Gauge’ [[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]); other MG railways were worked by SIR ,these were individually listed but classified as the ‘SIR System Metre Gauge’
<br>''See separate pages for detailed information''
* ‘[[Madras-Dhanushkodi Mainline]]’, 425 miles(684km). opened from Madras to Dhanushkodi opened in stages. The  metre gauge ([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) Mainline and Branches, developed from the ex-[[Great Southern of India Railway]](GISR) lines which were converted to MG and continued to be expanded over the years by SIR.  From [[Madras]] the Mainline ran southwards via  Chingleput, Villupuram , Cuddalore , Mayavaram, Tanjore , Trichinopoly, Madura  to Manmadura to Mandapam, where it connected to the [[Pamban Branch Railway| ‘Pamban Railway’]] by way of the ‘[[Pamban Viaduct]]’ with the Island of [[Pambam]] to [[Dhanushkodi ]], from where there was a ferry connection to [[Ceylon]]. 
** ‘[[Arkonam Branch Line]]’, 39 miles(63km), opened 1880-81 from [[Chingleput]] to Conjaeeraram ; the Conjaeeraram th [[Arkonam]] section opened 1865 as a BG line and converted to MG in 1878
** [[Villupuram-Katpadi Railway Section| ‘Katpadi Branch Line’]], 99 miles(159km), opened 1890-91 from Villuparam to Katpadi. Originally part of the '[[Villupuram-Guntakal State Railway]]', from 1908 becoming the ‘[[Villupuram-Katpadi Railway Section]]’ final ly to become the [[Villupuram-Katpadi Railway Section| ‘Katpadi Branch Line’]]
** ‘[[Pondicherry Branch (SIR)|Pondicherry Branch Line]]’, 10 ½ miles(17km), opened 1879 from [[Villupuram]] to Ginga River including the bridge over the Pondicherry River.
** ‘[[Villupuram-Trichinopoly Railway]]’, 108 miles(173km) , opened 1927-29 from Villupuram to Golden Rock (Trichinopoly)
** ‘[[Cuddalore-Vriddhachalam  Railway]]’, 35 miles(56km), opened 1928 from Cuddalore to Vriddhachalam. The line  from Cuddalore  Old Town to Wharf, 1½ Miles(2.4km),  which had opened  1899 , listed in the 1918 Report  was probably absorbed into this line.
** ‘[[Salem-Vriddhachalam  Railway]]’, 86 miles(138km), opened 1931 from Salem to Vriddhachalam .  The first 3.9miles(6.3km) from Salem Junction to Salem Town had opened in 1917 and described as the ‘[[Suramangalam-Salem Railway]]’, owned by  the Salem District Board as a BG line and converted to mixed gauge (MG and BG) in 1931.
** [[Mayavaram-Tranquebar Railway | ‘Tranquebar Branch Line’]], 18 miles(29km), opened 1926 from Mayavaram to Tranquebar. Also described as the ‘[[Mayavaram-Tranquebar Railway]]’
**  ‘[[Mayavaram -Arantangi Railway]]’, 99 miles(159km), opened 1894 from Mayavaram Junction to Mutupet Railway. Originally a [[Tanjore District Board Railway|Tanjore Distriict Board]] line described as the ‘[[Mayavaram Mutupet Railway]]’, 53 miles(85km) and extended in 1902-03, a further 46 miles(74km) to [[Arantangi ]].
** [[Nidamangalam-Mannargudi Railway| ‘ Mannargudi  Branch Line]]’, 8½ miles(14km), opened 1915 from Nidamangalam to Mannargudi. Originally a [[Tanjore District Board Railway|Tanjore Distriict Board]] line. ** ‘[[Tirutturaipundi -Point Calimere Railway]]’, 28 miles(45km), opened 1919 from Tirutturaipundi to Agastiyampalli, 23 miles(37km) and extended a further 5 miles(8km) to Point Calimere in 1930
** ‘[[Nagore Branch Line]]’, 53 miles(km), opened  1861 as a BG line from [[Tanjore]] to Nagapatam , and converted to MG in 1875, extended 1899 from Nagapatam to [Nagore]]
** ‘[[Trichinopoly-Tuticorin Railway]]’, 195 miles(314km) , from Trichinopoly to Tuticorin. The section from Trichinopoly Junction to Madura , 96 miles(154km)  originally was part of the ‘MG Branch Line’, the section from [[Madura]] to [[Tuticorin]], 99 miles(158km) opened in 1876 and was named ‘[[Tuticorin Branch Line]]’
** ‘[[Dindigul-Pollachi Railway]]’, 75 miles(121km), opened 1928 from Dindigul to Pollachi
** ‘[[Pollachi-Palghat  Railway]]’, 34 miles(55km), opened 1928 from Pollach to Palghat 
** ‘[[Madura-Manamadura Section]]’, 29 miles(47km), opened 1902 from Madura to Manamadura, originally part of the Mainline
** ‘[[Madura-Bodinayakanur Railway]]’, 66 miles(106km), opened 1928 from Madura to Bodinayakanur
** ‘[[Rameswaram Branch Line]]’, 7 miles(11km), opened 1906 from Pamban to Rameswaram . Originally named the  ‘[[Pamban Branch Railway]]’ as part of the ‘‘[[Madras-Dhanushkodi Mainline]]’,  detailed above.
** ‘[[Virudhunagar-Tenkasi Railway]]’, 75 miles(121km), opened 1927 from Virudhunagar to Tenkasi
** ‘[[Tinnevelly Branch Line]]’, 18 miles(30km), opened 1876 from [[Maniyachi]] to [[Tinnevelly]]
** ‘[[Pulliarpati Quarry Branch Line]]’ , 4½ miles(7km), opened 1898  from [[Tanjore]] to Pulliarpati Quarry. ''Listed in the 1918 Report - presume abandoned as not listed in the 1937 Report'''
** ‘[[Capper Quarry Branch Line]]’, 0.9 mile(1.5km), opened 1900  from [Mainline Junction to Capper Quarry . ''Listed in the 1918 Report - presume abandoned as not listed in the 1937 Report'''
** ‘[[Livingopuram Salt Branch Line]]’, 2.4 miles(4km) from Tuticorin to Livingopuram. ''Listed in the 1918 Report - presume abandoned as not listed in the 1937 Report'''
===SIR System Metre Gauge ===
In addition to the actual ‘SIR Metre Gauge’ lines, listed above, the following MG lines were worked by SIR and finally classified as part of the ‘SIR Metre Gauge System’
<br>''See separate pages for further information''.
* ‘[[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]]', MG, 17 miles(27km), opened 1899 from [[Mettupalaiyam]] to [[Coonoor]]. Initially worked by ‘[[Madras Railway ]] Co’,  then from 1908 worked by SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’. The line was extended to [[Ootacamund]] a further 12 miles(19km), was constructed by the Government and opened 1908<ref>ibid page 203 pdf 246 </ref>. 
* ‘[[Karaikkal-Peralam Railway]]', MG, 15 miles(24km), opened 1898 which connected the French enclave of [[Karikal|Karaikkal]] with the rest of British India at [[Peralam]] . Financed by French Govt, constructed by [[Great Southern of India Railway]] and became part of the ‘SIR System’<ref>ibid page 204 pdf 247</ref>. 
* ‘[[Podanur-Pollachi Railway]]', MG, 25 miles(40km), opened 1905. [[Coimbatore |Coimbatore District Board]] owned, worked by SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’ <ref>ibid page 206 pdf 249</ref>.   
* ‘[[Pondicherry Railway]]', MG, 17 miles(27km), opened 1879. Connecting the French enclave of Pondicherry to the ‘SIR Mainline’ at Villupuram,  worked by SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’<ref>ibid page 206 pdf 249 </ref>.     
* ‘[[Tinnevelly-Tiruchendur Railway]]’, MG, 38 miles(61km), opened 1923 constructed by the SIR on behalf of the Tinnevelly District Board connecting Tiruchendur to the SIR at Tinnevelly, worked by SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’<ref>ibid page 208 pdf 251</ref>. 
* ‘[[Travancore Railway]]’, MG, originally named the  ‘[[Tinnevelly-Quilon Railway]]', comprised two sections worked by SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’ <ref>ibid page 208 and 211 pdf 251 and 254</ref>:- 
** 'Travancore Railway - British Section' , 50 miles(80km) ,opened  1902-03 from Tinnevelly to frontier of Travancore State.
**'Travancore Railway - Indian State Section' , 58 miles(93km), opened 1904 from the frontier of Travancore State to Quilon
** ‘[[Quilon-Trivandrum Extension Railway]]’, 40 miles(64km), opened 1918 from Quilon to Chakai and further extended in 1931 to Trivandrum Central.
==SIR System Narrow Gauge lines worked by SIR==
The following Narrow Gauge ([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) were worked by SIR as part of the ‘SIR NG System’
<br>''See separate pages for further information''.
* ‘[[Morappur-Hosur Railway]]’, 2ft 6in/762mm [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]], 73 miles(118km), opened 1906 from Morappur to Dharmapuri ; extended from Dharmapuri  to Hosur in 1913. Worked by SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’<ref>ibid page 211 pdf 254</ref>
* ‘[[Tirupattur-Krishnagiri Railway]]' 2ft 6in/762mm [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]], 25 miles(40km), opened 1905 as a famine protection line;  worked by ‘[[Madras Railway]]’(MR) until 31 December 1907; then working passed to SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’<ref>ibid page 212 pdf 255</ref>
* ‘[[Golden Rock- Sircarpalayam Tramway]]’ 2ft/610mm [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] Tramway, 2¾ miles(4.4km) for carrying materials to the water pumping staion.  Worked by SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’<ref>ibid page 213 pdf 256</ref>
===District Board Lines worked by SIR===
The following metre gauge [[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) lines were worked by SIR under arrangements with [[Category:District Railway Boards|District Boards ]] and finally incorporated into the ‘SIR MG System ‘and included in the above.
<be>''See separate pages for further information''.
* [[Tanjore District Board Railway| ‘Tanjore District Board Railways’]], the first of District Board Railway, formed  by raising funds  to construct feeder lines; worked by SIR.:-
** ‘‘[[Mayavaram Mutupet Railway]]’, MG, 53 miles(85km) ), opened 1894 from Mayavaram Junction to Mutupet Railway. Originally a [[Tanjore District Board Railway|Tanjore District Board]] line worked by SIR. Extended in 1902-03, a further 46 miles(74km) to  [[Arantangi ]] and renamed the  ‘[[Mayavaram  Arantangi Railway]]’, 99 miles(159km).
** [[Nidamangalam-Mannargudi Railway| ‘ Mannargudi  Branch Line]]’, MG, 8½ miles(14km), opened 1915 from Nidamangalam to Mannargudi. Originally a [[Tanjore District Board Railway|Tanjore District Board]] line, worked by SIR.
** ‘[[Mayavaram-Tranquebar Railway]]', MG, 19 mile(30km) , opened 1926 from Mayavaram to Tranquebar . Originally a [[Tanjore District Board Railway|Tanjore District Board]] line worked by SIR.
* ‘[[Podanur-Pollachi Railway]]', MG, 25 miles(40km), opened 1905. [[Coimbatore |Coimbatore District Board]] owned, worked by SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’
* ‘[[Tinnevelly-Tiruchendur Railway]]’, MG, 38 miles(61km), opened 1923 constructed by the SIR on behalf of the Tinnevelly District Board connecting Tiruchendur to the SIR at Tinnevelly, worked by SIR as part of the ‘SIR System’
* ‘[[Suramangalam-Salem Railway]]’, 3.9 miles (6.3km), Salem District Board owned, opened 1917 as a BG line and worked by SIR . This short line converted into mixed gauge by addition of a MG rail in 1931, the MG line being part of the ‘[[Salem-Vriddhachalam Railway]]’
==Further Information==
See '''[[South Indian Railway|South Indian Railway Main Page]]'''
<br>and each separate Individual Page
[[Category:Railways]]

Revision as of 10:36, 8 October 2020

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