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Quetta earthquake

2,019 bytes added, 05:55, 6 August 2022
Historical books online
The''' [[Quetta]]''' earthquake happened on 31 May 1935 and measured 7.7 on the Richter scale. An estimated 30,000 to 60,000 people died.
 
Two large earthquakes had occurred in the area between the Bolan Pass and Quetta in 1931. The first of these near '''Sharigh''' Mw 6.8 24 August 1931, was followed by the '''Mach''' Mw 7.3 earthquake 27 August 1931. Circumstantial evidence suggest that resulting conditions were eventually responsible for triggering the Quetta earthquake.<ref> Muhammad, Din "Earthquake risks in Quetta and surrounding regions, Balochistan, Pakistan" International Geological Congress, Oslo 2008. Accessed through a [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2uOArL4Isk4J:gsi.ir/General/Lang_en/Page_25/DataId_8921/Action_BodyView/WebsiteId_17/Earthquake.risks.in.quetta.and.surrounding.regions,.Balochistan,.Pakistan.html+&cd=13&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au&client=safari cached webpage], from the link <nowiki>http://gsi.ir/General/Lang_en/Page_25/DataId_8921/Action_BodyView/WebsiteId_17/Earthquake.risks.in.quetta.and.surrounding.regions,.Balochistan,.Pakistan.html</nowiki> gsi.ir 11 September 2016</ref>
==Gallery==
==Quetta Bond==
Quetta Bond is a technique developed after the Quetta earthquake, used in brick and other masonry buildings, where vertical reinforcement is used to improve horizontal and vertical bond between walls (see image)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115224855/http://nidm.gov.in/easindia2012/PDF/Pres/Ses1/Pres1.pdf "Earthquake Risk Profile Risk Reduction & Technical Capacity in the EAS Member Countries"] by Sudhir K Jain. nidm.gov.in, now an archived webpage. Scroll down</ref>. "The Quetta Bond is simply a slight variant of [the brick laying technique] 1½ Flemish Bond where the voids are filled with concrete and steel reinforcement bars rather than brick. It was almost certainly invented (if that is the right word) by Royal Engineers. The RE was heavily involved in the aftermath of the Quetta earthquake".<ref>Guest, previously QGE. [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.com/forums/index.php?org/topic/242967-quetta-bondrat-trap-bond-brick-buildings-help-please/&?do=findComment&comment=2443131 Quetta Bond/Rat Trap Bond: brick buildings-Help please] ''Great War Forum'' 12 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 201626 March 2019.</ref>
== External links ==
*[http://liveweb.archive.org/http://archives.dawn.com/2005/10/25/fea.htm 1935 Quetta Earthquake] Dawn<br>
*[http://www.queensroyalsurreys.org.uk/reg_in_india/india43_1.html shtml 1st Queen's Royal Surrey Accountsat Quetta - The Earthquake]queensroyalsurreys.org.uk*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090107093441/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/sept/quetta.htm Down Memory Lane: Disaster at Quetta—The Great Earthquake of 1935] by Capt (Retd) A A Jilani. Extracts from the ''Royal Corps of Signals Journal UK''. defencejournal.com, now an archived webpage.*[http://loveofcitywww.blogspothibbitt.comorg.auuk/2012ellen-gardner/07/1935-quetta-earthquake-remembering-its1935.html 1935 The Quetta EarthquakeOf 1935: remembering its victimsThe R.A.F.'s Account] hibbitt.org.uk. Cyril Norman Ellen was the Squadron Leader of No. 5 (AC) Squadron, their rescuers, and, are we prepared RAF which was based at Quetta when the disaster. His wife Ellen subsequently was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Silver Medal for ‘the Big one’] Nasir Ali‘s Quetta Valley Blogher part in rescue operations. Includes a list of the casualties of No. 5 (AC) Squadron. With photographs.*Scroll down to an [https://web.archive.org/web/20151001203215/http://www.4fathers.thestoreshed.com/Maddocks/FrankGertrude.htm Account of the Quetta Earthquake] by Mrs F Maddocks, whose husband Frank Maddocks was attached to the Indian Army Ordnance Corps. Originally appeared in the ''North Devon Journal'' under the title "Quetta, City Of Sorrow". The Journal date given appears incorrect-possibly it may be March 14th, 1936. Maddocks Family History Now an archived webpage.*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180214124235/http://www.qissa-khwani.com/2012/12/quetta-when-city-crumbled.html "Quetta: When a city crumbled"] qissa-khwani.com, now an archived webpage.*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170427013816/http://balochistanarchives.gob.pk/exhibits/web_detailview/11#exibits Images: Quetta earthquake 1935] including a map of “Disposition Of Troops for Rescue Work” 31 May 1935. Balochistan Archives, now an archived webpage. Click on photographs to enlarge.*[https://www.bristolmuseums.org.uk/blog/come-fly-with-me-raf-india/ "Come fly with me: Early days of the RAF in India"] by Pat Ellingham March 22, 2019. bristolmuseums.org.uk. Information about the films made by Leonard de Ville Chisman late 1920s/1930s including on the North West Frontier. These films are now in the Bristol Archives British Empire and Commonwealth Film collection/ Chisman (ref. [https://becc.bristol.gov.uk/records/2006/005 2006/005]). Currently (2021/06) there are some digitised films viewable online, ref. [https://becc.bristol.gov. Retrieved 23 October 2014uk/records/2006/005/1 2006/005/1] but no digitised photographs, the latter seems to include “The sequence documenting Quetta both before and after the great earthquake of 1935 [which] are of particular interest.===Historical books online===*[http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1785962?uid=3737536&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21103564282037 "The Quetta Earthquake"] by CP C P Skrine ''The Geographical Journal Volume 88, No. 5, November 1936'', pages 414-428 may be read online for free by registering for a MyJSTOR account. For more details see [[Miscellaneous tips]]. Also available [https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-journal_1936-11_88_5/page/414/mode/2up Archive.org]*[httphttps://wwwbooks.scribdgoogle.com.au/doc/38485101/Baluchistan-Quetta-EQ-May-31-1935 1. books?id=F4QRAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA203 "A Seismological Study of Preliminary Geological Report on the Baluchistan (Quetta) Earthquake of May 3131st,1935" . With Plates] by K.R. Ramanathan and S.M. Mukherji (1938): W D West, Assistant Superintendent, Geological Survey of India, page 203-241 ''Records of the Geological Survey of India'',VolVolume 69 1936. The Plates are some pages later in the book. Google Books.:[https://books. 73, Part 4, Page 483-513google. 2com. au/books?id=1onNQiIQ5hQC&pg=PA483 "Preliminary Geological Report on A Seismological Study of the Baluchistan (Quetta) Earthquake of May 31st31, 1935" ] by WK.R. Ramanathan and S.M.DMukherji. West (1936): Pages 483-513 ''Records of the Geological Survey of India'', Vol. LXIX73, Part 24, 1938, Page 203- 240] wwwWith Plates at the back of the book.scribdGoogle Books.com*:The above two articles, in reverse order, are also available at [http://www.qissa-khwaniscribd.com/2012doc/1238485101/quettaBaluchistan-Quetta-EQ-whenMay-city31-crumbled1935 scribd.com].html "*''Burea Of Public Information QuettaEarthquake 1935''. 1935. Title as catalogued. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206892 Archive.org mirror version], originally from Digital Library of India.: Probably the same publication [https: When //dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/35496 ''Quetta Earthquake, 1935''] Bureau of Public Information, Government of India, Delhi, 1935. Link to a city crumbled"pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, India*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.527935 ''Seven Cantonments''] by Major SEG Ponder c 1938. qissaArchive.org. The author was an Officer in the Royal Artillery, with a R A Mountain Battery unit, based on the North-khwaniWest Frontier, including [[Peshawar]], c 1930s.com* A section about Quetta commences [httphttps://balochistanarchivesarchive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.527935/2015.gob527935.pkSeven-cantonments#page/n159/mode/exhibits2up/web_listview Imagespage 151].*[https: //archive.org/details/aclcpl0000021a316 ''Earthquake Reconstruction on Quetta earthquake 1935(Railway ) Division 1936 – 40''] by R O C Thomson. 1940. Catalogued as "Reconstrucion". Archive.org, including a map Anna Digital Library Collection, Government of “Disposition Of Troops for Rescue Work” 31 May 1935Tamil Nadu. Balochistan Archives 
==References==
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