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{{War|name=First Maratha War |dates=1777 to 1782 |image= |combatant1=[[East India Company]] |combatant2=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire Maratha Empire] |result=British victory |category=[[:Category:1st Maratha War|1st Maratha War]] }}
{{War|name=First Maratha War |dates=1777 to 1782 |image= |combatant1=[[East India Company]] |combatant2=[[Maratha Empire]] |result=British victory |category=[[:Category:1st Maratha War|1st Maratha War]] }}
{{Battlemap|war=1st Maratha War|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.00046ee95340eba958a2b&ll=22.329752,75.322266&spn=15.690551,14.414063&t=p&z=6}}
{{Battlemap|war=1st Maratha War|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.00046ee95340eba958a2b&ll=22.329752,75.322266&spn=15.690551,14.414063&t=p&z=6}}
== Summary ==  
== Summary ==  
The British became involved in a dispute beween rival claimants to the throne of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire Maratha Empire]. The Presidencies of [[Bengal (Presidency)|Calcutta]] and [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]] took opposing views on the matter. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis Nana Phadnis], the leader of the Maratha chiefs, broke the terms of the treaty with Calcutta and a force under Colonel Cockburn was sent towards [[Poona]]. The British were roundly defeated at the [[Battle of Wargaum]] (Wadgaon) and forced to sign a treaty relinquishing all territory acquired after 1775. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Hastings Warren Hastings] rejected this treaty and sent another force under [http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/166/mode/2up Colonel Goddard]. After a series of victories the British prevailed and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Salbai Treaty of Salbai] was signed in 1782.
The British became involved in a dispute beween rival claimants to the throne of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire Maratha Empire]. The Presidencies of [[Bengal (Presidency)|Calcutta]] and [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay]] took opposing views on the matter. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis Nana Phadnis], the leader of the Maratha chiefs, broke the terms of the treaty with Calcutta and a force under Colonel Cockburn was sent towards [[Poona]]. The British were roundly defeated at the [[Battle of Wargaum]] (Wadgaon) and forced to sign a treaty relinquishing all territory acquired after 1775. [[Warren Hastings]] rejected this treaty and sent another force under [http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/166/mode/2up Colonel Goddard]. After a series of victories the British prevailed and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Salbai Treaty of Salbai] was signed in 1782.


== Poona Expeditionary Force ==
== Poona Expeditionary Force ==
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For further details of events during this period see the following articles
For further details of events during this period see the following articles
{|
{|
|[[Annexation of Thana]]
|12 December 1774
|-
|[[Battle of Arass]]
|[[Battle of Arass]]
|18 May 1775
|18 May 1775
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|3 August 1780
|3 August 1780
|-
|-
|[[Battle of Bassein Fort 1780|Battle of Bassein Fort]]
|[[Siege of Bassein Fort 1780|Siege of Bassein Fort]]
|11 December 1780
|11 December 1780
|-
|-
Line 61: Line 64:


== External Links ==
== External Links ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire Maratha Empire] Wikipedia<br>
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire Maratha Empire] Wikipedia<br>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War First Anglo-Maratha War 1777-82] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War First Anglo-Maratha War 1777-82] Wikipedia<br>
*[http://sepoysgriffins.blogspot.com/2009/12/captain-littles-detachment-fort-of.html  Captain Little's Detachment & the Fort of Jaigarh (or Jaigur)] from Nick Balmer’s  Sepoys and Griffins<br>
*[http://www.deccancollegepune.ac.in/museum_maratha_history.asp Maratha History Museum at the Deccan College, Pune]
 
====Historical books online====
*''Selections from the Letters, Despatches, and Other State Papers preserved in the Bombay Secretariat: Maratha  Series'' edited by Sir George Forrest 1885 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/p1selectionsfrom01forruoft#page/n5/mode/2up  Volume 1, Part 1 (to 1774)], [http://www.archive.org/stream/p2selectionsfrom01forruoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 1 Part 2: First Maratha War]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=MnUIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA305, ''Transactions in India, from the commencement of the French War in seventeen hundred and fifty-six, to the conclusion of the late peace, in seventeen hundred and eighty-three: Containing a history of the British interests in Indostan, Chapter IX''], page 305 by John Moir 1786 Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofmaratha03kincuoft#page/n5/mode/2up ''A history of the Maratha people, Volume 3'' (1750-1818)]  by C.A Kincaid and R B D B Parasnis 1918 (archive.org)
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/historymahratta01duffgoog#page/n7/mode/1up ''History of the Mahrattas Vol II''] by James Grant Duff 1878 (archive.org). Two volume edition. Originally published 1826 in three volumes.
:[https://archive.org/details/historyofmahratt02duff/page/n7/mode/2up '' A History of the Mahrattas, Volume II'' of a 1921 two volume reprint edition] by James Grant Duff. Revised annotated edition with an Introduction by  S M Edwardes, late of the Indian Civil Service. ([https://archive.org/details/historyofmahratt01duff ''Volume I'']) Archive.org.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/journalofmarchof00lond#page/n5/mode/2up ''A journal of the march of the Bombay detachment, across the Mahratta country, from Culpee to Surat, in 1778; commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Goddard: together with the proceedings of the Bombay army, under Colonel Egerton, in their march towards Poonah''] 1779 Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=1ah3WS25QM0C&pg=PA420  "Extract of a letter from Bombay dated 15 January 1779"]  ''The Manuscripts of the Earl of Dartmouth, Volume 1'', page 420 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=2voRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA538    "Extract of a letter from an Officer in Bombay March 16, 1778 [?1779<nowiki>]</nowiki>"] ''The Gentleman's and London Magazine  1779'' (September) Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=ZDsNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7  ''The Origin and Authentic Narrative of the Present Marratta War; and also, the late Rohilla War, in 1773 and 1774 ...: To which is added the unaccountable proceedings in the military store-keeper's office, in Bengal''] 1781 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel 1781 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=UG1xA1Ph8_kC&pg=PA1 "The History of Europe: Chapters 1-4 commencing "Affairs in India -The Mahrattas""] ''The Annual Register for the Year 1782'', pages 1-95. [http://books.google.com/books?id=GJs8AAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA217  Contents] Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=GzFOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 ''A free inquiry into the various causes of the alarming state of our affairs in the East Indies: wherein the measures of the several governments of Bengal, Madras, and Bombay, are fairly discussed. With some cursory observations on the military talents and conduct of Hyder Aly''] by James Capper 1783 includes
**[http://books.google.com/books?id=GzFOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA67 "Narrative of the Expedition to Poona"], page 67
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/retrospectivevie00londiala#page/n3/mode/2up ''A retrospective view and consideration of India affairs; particularly of the transactions of the Mahratta War, from its commencement to the month of October, 1782''] 1783 Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=cnEIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7 ''A short review of the transactions in Bengal during the last ten years''] by Major John Scott 1782 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=3SIUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Memoirs of the late war in Asia: With a narrative of the imprisonment and sufferings of our officers and soldiers Volume 1''],  [http://books.google.com/books?id=h3xKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume 2] by an Officer of Colonel Baillie’s Detachment (William Thomson) 1788 Google Books
*[http://www.google.com/books?id=tEoOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7 ''A Narrative of the operations of Captain Little's Detachment, and of the Mahratta Army commanded by Purseram Bhow; During the late confederacy in India, against the Nawab Tippoo Sultan Bahadur''] by Edward Moor 1794 Google Books
:[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.13929 Archive.org version], from Central Archaeological Library, New Delhi. Plates may be better.
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.304/page/n4/mode/2up Archive.org version], from Granth Sanjeevani, Asiatic Society of Mumbai.
*[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.289849/2015.289849.Bengal-Past#page/n11/mode/2up "Diary of Samuel Hickson 1777-1785"] in ''Bengal Past and Present, Volume 49, Part 1 1935'', pages 5-54  Archive.org, Digital Library of India Collection.  The author fought in campaigns against [[Hyder Ali]] and Tippu Sultan.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623685#page/n277/mode/2up/  ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency Volume 18, Part 2 Poona''] (1885) has a section on Mahratha history, including details of the English Expedition in 1778, from page 263  Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qqoIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA63 "Authentic Anecdotes of the Military Life of Major General Hartley"] from ''The Asiatic Annual Register for the year 1799 Second Edition'' Google Books
*''Memoir of the late Lieut.-Colonel Richard Scott (From his Private Journals)'' from ''The Naval and Military Magazine Volumes 1, 2,  3 and 4'' 1827-1828 Google Books
:[http://books.google.com/books?id=sIQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA147 Part 1– Appointed 1768], [http://books.google.com/books?id=sIQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA382 Part 2- Sir Eyre Coote's Campaigns of 1781, 1782, and 1783], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hZoMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA49 Part 3-  Campaigns in India –includes General Stuart's Operations; General Goddard's March; and the Proceedings of the Bombay Army and its Government],  [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hZoMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA396  Part 4- includes Popham’s Capture of Gwalior;  General Goddard’s Operations, Campaigns of Lord Cornwallis, Siege of Bangalore], [http://books.google.com/books?id=PYcEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA4  Part 5 March to Seringapatum], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=upkMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA12 Part 6], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=upkMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA353 Part 7]
:[http://books.google.com/books?id=-EbRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA315  "Lieutenant -Colonel Richard Scott"] from ''The East India Military Calendar: Containing the Services of General and Field Officers of the Indian Army, Volume 1'', page 315 by by John Philippart 1823 Google Books
*''The History of Ayder Ali Khan, Nabob-Bahader: or, New Memoirs Concerning the East Indies'' by M. M. D. L. T. [M. Maistre De la Tour,  the French commandant of Hyder Ali’s  artillery] 1784  [http://books.google.com/books?id=YncIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 Volume 1], [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZXcIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5  Volume 2]. Original Edition in French  [http://books.google.com/books?id=lFAVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR2 Volume 1], [http://books.google.com/books?id=Ji2AiHvyO_YC&pg=PP4 Volume 2] 1783 Google Books
*''Appendix to the Fifth Report from the Committee of Secrecy, appointed to enquire into the causes of the war in the Carnatic, and of the British possessions in those parts''. Great Britain Parliament. House of Commons Committee of Secrecy 1782 Archive.org  [http://archive.org/stream/reportfromcommit04greaiala#page/n5/mode/2up Part 1 Appendix 1-57], [http://archive.org/stream/reportfromcommit05greaiala#page/n5/mode/2up Part 2 Appendix 58-169]
:This link gives details of the reports [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=R3xDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA143 page 143] '' A General Index to Reports from Committees of the House of Commons'' (Google Books) 1803
*[https://archive.org/details/ahistorymahratt00warigoog/page/n8 ''A History of the Mahrattas: To which is Prefixed an Historical Sketch of the Decan…''] by Edward Scot Waring 1810 Archive.org.
* "Account of the Last Battles and Death in India of Colonel William Baillie of Dunain 1780-1782" by Charles Fraser- Mackintosh [https://archive.org/details/celticmagazinemo02inveuoft/page/n9/mode/2up  Part 1: Page 1-6], and [https://archive.org/details/celticmagazinemo02inveuoft/page/40/mode/2up/ Part 2: pages 41-45] ''The Celtic Magazine'' Volume II November-December 1876 Archive.org


===Historical books online===
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=K_cRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 ''A History of the Mahrattas Volume 2, 1740-1785''] by James Grant Duff 1826 Google Books.  Also [http://books.google.com/books?id=FKQ9AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Volume 1''] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=qqU9AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Volume 3'']
*"Diary of Samuel Hickson 1777-1785" in ''Bengal Past and Present, Volume 49 ,Part 1 1935'' is available to read online on the Digital Library of India website, commencing computer page 12. The author fought in campaigns against Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan. (Note the website details for this volume record the language as bengali). Refer  [[Online books#Digital Library of India|Online books-Digital Library of India]] for more details about this site.


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Latest revision as of 09:53, 1 December 2020

First Maratha War
1777 to 1782
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Location:
Combatants:
East India Company Maratha Empire
Result: British victory
Medals:
Links:
Category: 1st Maratha War
See our interactive map of
1st Maratha War
locations and routes on Google Maps

Summary

The British became involved in a dispute beween rival claimants to the throne of the Maratha Empire. The Presidencies of Calcutta and Bombay took opposing views on the matter. Nana Phadnis, the leader of the Maratha chiefs, broke the terms of the treaty with Calcutta and a force under Colonel Cockburn was sent towards Poona. The British were roundly defeated at the Battle of Wargaum (Wadgaon) and forced to sign a treaty relinquishing all territory acquired after 1775. Warren Hastings rejected this treaty and sent another force under Colonel Goddard. After a series of victories the British prevailed and the Treaty of Salbai was signed in 1782.

Poona Expeditionary Force

Colonel Charles Egerton commanding

  • 591 European troops
  • 2,278 Sepoys
  • 500 gun lascars

Bengal Relief Force

Col Leslie (succeeded by Col Thomas Goddard) commanding

Total 6,600 fighting men with 103 European officers

  • Servants and followers 19,000
  • Bazaar Department 12,000

Related articles

For further details of events during this period see the following articles

Annexation of Thana 12 December 1774
Battle of Arass 18 May 1775
Battle of Wargaum 12-13 January 1779
Occupation of Dubhoy 18-20 January 1780
Battle of Ahmadabad 15 February 1780
Capture of Lahar 7 February 1780
Battle of Gwalior 3 August 1780
Siege of Bassein Fort 11 December 1780
Battle of Deeg 1780

Biographies

Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography 1906
Thomas Goddard (1740?-1783)
Warren Hastings (1732-1818)
Nana Farnavis (1741?-1800)
William Popham (1740-1821)

External Links

Historical books online

A History of the Mahrattas, Volume II of a 1921 two volume reprint edition by James Grant Duff. Revised annotated edition with an Introduction by S M Edwardes, late of the Indian Civil Service. (Volume I) Archive.org.
Archive.org version, from Central Archaeological Library, New Delhi. Plates may be better.
Archive.org version, from Granth Sanjeevani, Asiatic Society of Mumbai.
Part 1– Appointed 1768, Part 2- Sir Eyre Coote's Campaigns of 1781, 1782, and 1783, Part 3- Campaigns in India –includes General Stuart's Operations; General Goddard's March; and the Proceedings of the Bombay Army and its Government, Part 4- includes Popham’s Capture of Gwalior; General Goddard’s Operations, Campaigns of Lord Cornwallis, Siege of Bangalore, Part 5 March to Seringapatum, Part 6, Part 7
"Lieutenant -Colonel Richard Scott" from The East India Military Calendar: Containing the Services of General and Field Officers of the Indian Army, Volume 1, page 315 by by John Philippart 1823 Google Books
  • The History of Ayder Ali Khan, Nabob-Bahader: or, New Memoirs Concerning the East Indies by M. M. D. L. T. [M. Maistre De la Tour, the French commandant of Hyder Ali’s artillery] 1784 Volume 1, Volume 2. Original Edition in French Volume 1, Volume 2 1783 Google Books
  • Appendix to the Fifth Report from the Committee of Secrecy, appointed to enquire into the causes of the war in the Carnatic, and of the British possessions in those parts. Great Britain Parliament. House of Commons Committee of Secrecy 1782 Archive.org Part 1 Appendix 1-57, Part 2 Appendix 58-169
This link gives details of the reports page 143 A General Index to Reports from Committees of the House of Commons (Google Books) 1803


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